asking not just about the saints but also about those who turn to them.
Hmm that's a good point. Instead of just asking about the saints, looks at WHO turns to them and why
1,173 Matching Annotations
- Apr 2023
-
muse-jhu-edu.lib-ezproxy.concordia.ca muse-jhu-edu.lib-ezproxy.concordia.ca
-
- Mar 2023
-
apjjf.org apjjf.org
-
lthough Osama bin Laden’s ambitions had grown ever more expansive over the years since Al Qaeda’s founding in 1988, and although U.S. intelligence specialists took seriously his vision of a “great Caliphate,” he was not engaged in an escalating quest for autarky—for military and economic domination of a formal, secure, and self-sufficient sphere of influence—comparable to the quest that had obsessed Japan ever since its takeover of Manchuria in 1931
Unlike Japanese, Bin Laden and Al-Quaeda were NOT engaged in negotiations with the US -> did not have a military infrastructure, though the US did take the vision of a great caliphate seriously
-
What accounts for this American failure of imagination? Racism is part of the answer, but only part.
this is all a FAILURE OF IMAGINATION on behalf of Americans - Racism is PART of this but not whole picture -> actually general sense of cultural superiority
-
cans underestimated its range, speed, and maneuverability
So overall, clear evidence that the Japanese had military might and even technological advantage, but consistent underestimation by US forces
-
Here, it would seem, was imagination and “psychological preparedness” in abundance; and the United States did, in fact, adopt strategic policies that took the rise of Japan into consideration.
"Imagination" on display prior to Pearl Harbour - Pacific fleet relocated as a deterrent in 40 - Yellow Peril since Russo-Japanese war and role of media peddling this here
-
-
progressive.org progressive.org
-
Wilson lied about the reasons for entering the First World War, saying it was a war to "make the world safe for democracy," when it was really a war to make the world safe for the rising American power
hmm
-
-
muse.jhu.edu muse.jhu.edu
-
any young Iraqismay become attracted to radical ideologies
Three problems make Iraq's prospects poor despite elections success: 1. Ethnic divide (what author is arguing needs to be addressed through learning of nationalist movement 2. Religious revival of 90s -> radicalism and Islam in the constitution 3. Tanked economy -> no education or job opportunities
SO...young Iraqis (MOST, remember) might be drawn to radicalism instead
Iraqis themselves say standards of living and security are higher priorities than functioning democracy (understandably)
Hope: - All reject authoritarianism and Baathist ideology since 91 -> new ways of thinking about politics here - New constitution to prevent state excess power -> could hold return to authoritarianism at bay with legal checks - Most powerful Islamic leaders, as discussed, are NOT radical and anti clerical-state -> secularists NEEDED to form a new govt.
Saddam and the project to rewrite history: - Erased all pre-63 accomplishments/historical traditions - A new project could revive Iraqi historical memory
A NEW campaign: - Will need to assert Democracy's compatibility w/ Islam - tolerance of Iraqi political opposition has historic grounds / cooperation - Baghdad University here is key -> US SHOULD FUND THIS AND PROJECTS OF THIS TYPE HERE ALSO UN - NEEDS TO CENTRE NATIONALIST TRADITIONS AND RESISTANCE TO BAATHIST RULE - create national PRIDE by doing so (key) - Use the internet (lol) - USe this to spread word of democratic success in Muslim societies (like in Afghanistan lmao) - Using media (internet, TV, radio) to combat sectarianism -> talkshows w/ multiple viewpoints - Emphasis on folklore -> many formerly rural -> myths endure - National "town hall meetings" over zoom basically - Infrastructure infrastructure, infrastructure - truth and reconciliation commission - Emphasize interethnic trust here -> SO ONE GROUP DOESN'T GET BLAMED FOR TRAUMA LIKE IN RWANDA AND SA -
IN NONE OF THIS DOES DAVIS SUGGEST US INTERVENTION / CONTROL -> WHAT IS ROLE OF INVADER HERE?
" Iraq reminds us, in often dramatic ways, how important it is to intelligently synthesize the universal norms and principles of democratic theory with the unique experiences and practices of countries that yearn for freedom after years of suffering under official intolerance, political exclusivity, and dictatorship
-
critical to establishing a democraticsociet
KEY: - Is Davis "right" in all this? Ie, is the whole democracy project even a good thing, or is it just an imposition by the Americans. - Says that "individual rights, institutions for civil society, transparency of governance, MARKET MECHANISMS, and LIMITED ROLE OF STATE in social/econ affairs are all NECESSARY FOR ESTABLISHING DEMOCRACY
Ok, that said, Davis explitly says classical-liberal understanding / model of state here is non-effective
Answer is: - State that shoulders responsibility for employment, social welfare, and infrastructure - Crippled by Hussein and sanctions so free market utopia a bollocks dream - This would draw once again on Nationalist tradition -> Iraqi communist and National Democratic Parties of earlier-in-the-century. - Need land reforms, education and employment guarantees, etc
-
Baathism’s fall, the Sunni Arabs fear, willmean for them not only political but also economic marginalization.
Baathist Political Makeup: - Hussein favours Sunni's overwhelmingly. A group who, historically, are mostly poor/rural having not lived in the oil-rich areas of the north (Kurds) and south (Shi'ites) Therefore fear any loss of power as economic turbulence Baathists have made this nationalist tradition unknown / not talked about REVIVING knowledge and education of this Nationalist movement would – posits Davis – help young Iraqis preserve democracy by demonstrating that anti sectarian cooperation is possible and has been done before.
-
. Kurds and Shi’ites were exclude
Ethnic and religious makeup of Iraq is STILL not known in the west today even in higher levels
Same for, say, Northern Ireland or the Balkans -> but at least a cursory understanding or like you can namedrop the ethnic groups involved -> no such case for the Middle East (same for Vietnam? More of a unified ethnic group?) Also, more of a result of the "war on terror" -> ie, not fighting an enemy like "the Vietnamese" or "The Germans/Japanese" but "terrorists" IN Iraq and Afghanistan
-
The pan-Arabists offered a xenophobic and chauvinist definition of politicalcommunity that was bound up with rigid notions of ethnic identity andcultural boundaries
So artistic traditions MUCH like the literary traditions of Russian intellectuals under Nick I: - Drew from "ancient" cultural / Arabic traditions of past empires to question the status quo and address imbalances in society - Also a Pan-Arab movement that exists which is more xenophobic but still broad definition of political unity / community
-
In
Nationalist movement promotes democracy because of the independent institutions it generates: - Free press tradition (carried on from Young Turks and ottomans) -> continues even after Batthist coup - Student, worker, academic, artistic associations all foster civil society - Overall VERY MUCH like Russian state under Nick I and Alex III/Nick II
Also democratic acts - ALWAYS promotes cooperation along ethnic lines - 1954 elections -> interethnic cooperation here - Opposition to colonial rule (ethnic unity) - rebellion to Hussein at tail end of First Gulf War -> intertehnic alliance across all 8 provinces
A note on Ottoman traditions: - We view, say, European states like Yugoslavia or what have you as maintaining infrasturucture from the Hapsburgs, Austro-Hungary, etc -> but not for Iraq which we view as a backward desert wasteland of nothing -> but there are imperial traditions here too
-
cholars and other observers of politics have not paid sufficientattention to the idea that historical memory can assist democratic tran-sitions.
Ah, so THESIS: - opposite and yet the same approach as Hoogland Noon -> who argued that historical memory influences US policy for expansionism - Here, argues that scholars ignore uses of historical memory as a tool for democratic transitions - Collective memory definition the same (CHECK THIS AND COMPARE) -> group of narratives that everyone agrees founded the current status quo and led to the events of today
Societies emerging from authoritarian regimes often lack truest among citizens -> divided populace because of exploited wedges and differences (racial hierarchy, religious differences, class, gender) so no common unity Divide and rule Also force citizens into centralized hierarchical bureaucracies that breed authoritarian thinking -> combined w/ low population age in Iraq -> mean that legacy of authoritarianism looms large (they don't know anything else)
Counter? -> Who's to say that being under a fascist regime doesn't make you MORE united? WHAT are the differences between this kind of unity out of fear and/or might of a single unified Volk and this kind of historical memory / nationalism project? - Both use / abuse / TAILOR history to suit an historic memory?
-
val of the historical memory, from the pre-Baathist era, ofa more tolerant and politically inclusive Iraqi nationalism—a national-ism that arose to meet the challenges facing the newly created nation-stateof Iraq in the early twentieth century—aid the cause of a democratictransition in the Iraq of the early twenty-first century
K, so.
Iraq is transitioning to a democracy in 2005 -> 3mil vote despite terrorist threats However, majority lack clear understanding of what democracy is aside from being anti-authoritarian To this end, could an historical memory aid their struggle? There ARE democratic traditions in Iraq's history -> exactly like Russia being progressive under Nicholas I
This memory is: - foundation of the Baath party which was eventually taken OVER by Hussein - Even earlier Iraqi nationalist movement prior to 52 founding of the party (a branch, party itself began in Syria) - Hussein takes over in 68 in a coup -> BUT intellectuals from nationalist movement operate WITHIN system and resist.
-
-
www.jstor.org www.jstor.org
-
lamo-fascism."54 EvenThis content downloaded from 132.205.229.215 on Fri, 24 Mar 2023 16:29:30 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
The Enemy: -Immediate Pearl harbour comparisons - 9/11 CAST as an act of war by politicians - Michael Kelly and WP -> cites Orwell essay proclaiming pacifists fascist -NYT uses rockwell paintings as America under attack - BIN LADEN ARISES AS HITLER ANALOGY -> HAD BEEN TRYING TO PORTRAY HUSSEIN AND MILOSEVIC as such
-
f baby boom cuconsensus that even political conserreinventing their pare
All the Boomers fault -> create SPR to reenact the image and PROJECT their own ideals/image onto their parents (idealized images of themselves)
-
oss decades.generation ca
So BEFORE 9/11 Bush is complaining about the "underfunded" military and directly comparing his own times with those of the 30s in Europe. Quotes Churchill. So is drawing legitimacy from that era (lessons) to PREEMPTIVELY launch an American campaign to get back this country's sense of purpose -> a new greatest generation
-
mber 2001, Bush warned thatthe military to fa
Post Cold war threats on the rise too according to Bush
-
American armed forces have an irdence
Similarly, Busg DRAWS LEGITIMACY FROM WWII TO PERPETUATE AMERICAN MILITARY MIGHT -> myth propells notuion of American world police
-
ht
Bush paints picture of America POLITICALLY led by greatest generation as time of peace and exceptional character. Clinton later claims that veen though he had "wars" there was no "vision thing" to guide his own presidency / time in office. Jealous of Bush
-
eq
Pretty easy stuff here: - good war emphasized - Bastion amidst global catastrophe of Vietnam (and yet exists despite it) - war aims and accomplishments never question (Marshall Plan, etc)
-
Bush is certainly not alone in draw-ing oversimplified lessons from a rationalized program of mass extermination; to acertain degree, he merely gave the latest voice to what some diplomatic historiansrefer to as the "Nuremburg Consensus," which casts Germany and Japan as the loneaggressors during the Second World War. Yet by implying, among other things, thatthe United States entered the war on behalf of European Jews, Bush repeated a per-vasive tendency to Americanize the meaning of the Holocaust, offering it a key rolein the confirmation of the nations historic destiny.2
WHY WE FIGHT: - Bush's speech shows builds American identity off of camp liberation and D Day -> thereby Americanizing the meaning of the Holocaust - Exactly like "why we fight" which up until that point actually does discuss some of the complexities of war (war crimes, shit conditions, what are we actually fighting about this is all pointless, etc)
-
to the end-lessly scrolling campaign against terrorism -
DAMN
-
he 1980s, for instance, the metaphor-ical uses of World War II were expansive and deeply contentious, including raciallycharged characterizations of the "trade war" with Japan or the "drug war" in Centraland South America, antifeminist comparisons between abortion and the Holocaust(including Rush Limbaugh's oft-cited "femi-Nazi" formulation), and similar formu-lations by gay activists who tethered the AIDS epidemic to the legacy
Popular in 80s - trade war, abortion and Holocaust, etc - used by both suppressed (Gay/AIDS) and dominant communities (govt) - Essentially, dates back much further
-
n the midst of a perpetua
Like forever war. Only, instead of needing to be at ACTUAL war for nation to continue -> just imagined one
-
that legitimate the present as theinevitable outcome of the pa
KEY: DOING SO WARPS FACTS INTO MYTHS THAT ARE UNTOUCHABLE -> LEGITIMIZES THE EXISTENCE OF THE PRESENT AS THE OUTCOME OF THESE
-
pe; for
Questions
How does PRINT MEDIA impact all this (NYT)?
-
tical functions, and sopoint and perhaps locating "better"what those analogies se
Effect of analogies: - Darwin -> may be a "deceitful guide" - all are falliable -> no perfect comparisions obviously emphasize SOME parts of the narrative continuing/being the same while SUPPRESSING other parts to make the new event fit into the box of the old (analogy is inherently like this, even in a literary sense methinks) - But NEED these to teach -> so they are important - Essentially, then, Hoogland Noon acknowledges that all analogies are flawed but that this is a necessary evil. There's no point in critiquing them. - Instead, better to ask what INTENT is put behind these by those who peddle them
-
ainst th
Questions
- How does LANGUAGE impact these narratives
- Bush draws links between LIBERATION of Paris and Iraw by calling the latter "liberation" of Baghdad, etc
- Tony Blair and Bush -> Anglo American alliance
- postwar reconstruction in both places (denazification mentioned?
-
ce 1999 , George W. Bush has consistently evoked the legacy of the "greatest genera-tion" Moreover ; since September 11, 2001 , Bush's use of World War II analogies haintensified. Such analogies capitalize on post-Cold War historical memory and lendcredibility to the war on terrorism, yet they characterize the world in a simple, dualis-tic fashion that evades a critical engagement
Thesis: - Notes the consistent and exponential use of WWII memory (greatest generation) by Bush jr since 1999 -> increasing since 9/11. These legitimize the war on terror by drawing direct links between then and now (exactly like PIRA) Specifically a post Cold War context that allows this, characterize the world as simple black/white terms
-
-
reserves.concordia.ca reserves.concordia.ca
-
The camera, as JohnTagg reminds us, ‘is never neutral’: it has worked since its invention tonaturalise hierarchies of age, class, gender, ability and race.2
camera never neutral
-
still maintained an element of the conservatism and desire for con-trol that also defined Guiding’s ideals: ‘some otherwise excellent studieshad to be rejected’, an announcement in The Guide magazine n
Encourages creativity through photography, etc -> BUT still element of conservatism that is intended to control girls' lives
Still same for today? Queer for sure
-
Guide periodicals also regularly advised girls about the move-ment’s photography contests,
reward incentive part of colonial project?
-
mperial Guideheadquarters,
SCOUTS headquarters -> colonialism with totem pole?
-
se film to represent themselves and their surroundings.
Photography the same as guiding -> a colonial export that could create equal spaces for imperial control as well as resistance and counter discourse by Indigenous pops.
-
ntent: I want to think about the kindsof evidence available to scholars of colonialism and girlhood, and aboutthe ways in which these bodies of evidence (especially the non-textualones) may be understood. The chapter wi
Overall how COLONIALISM impacts GIRLHOOD through these institutions. Can we examine the evidence and find the answer to this question?
-
I found that girls and women of colour were oftendiscussed as abstract representations of the global value and emancipa-tory potential of Guide work, y
Same w/ scouts? Idk but POC only represented in the ARCHIVE as vague references to civilization and emancipatory work these orgs are doing?
-
-
moodle.concordia.ca moodle.concordia.ca
-
go on reading your sources until you hear voices, then write a deeply humanstory about your historical subjects. Readers want to learn about real people, making realchoices, in real circumstances. Make your actors complex and multi-dimensional
Cool
-
ng tip no. 5 embodiment. Anytime you can make an idea or a concept come alive througha person or an event, do it. Making your reader see your argument through vivid, concretehuman thought and action is much more powerful, convincing, and memorable than a dryabstraction
God tier. Is this for historical nonfiction vs academia? Audience?
-
nconscious mind does a stunning job of sorting things out.
Brilliant
-
time
Cool, I often find my fiction pieces have reflected the history work I've been doing and reading _> tonally and in regards to setting
-
-
moodle.concordia.ca moodle.concordia.ca
-
istory papers must demonstrate changeover time
hmm
-
Check sentences for repetition. You don’t want to use identical verbs or phrasings insentences that directly follow one another. Vary word choices wherever possible
Just do this
-
onclusion are about the significance of what you have written.
But we need to have STAKES emphasized throughout otherwise this can feel out of place or take too long to meaningfully explain -> any tips for expanding the horizons here w/o rambling on?
-
rather builds abridge between it, the thesis
Key, exact;y what Roslagova said here -> use example and then relate that to what you're talking about as an illustration of broader issues.
-
include the thesis of the paper in one form oranother.
Sometimes thesis hard to decipher or at least not explicitly highlighted -> thoughts?
-
All papers must have an opening “hook” – either a quote, anecdote or parado
Very much agree w/ this but definitely lacking in many I find Can hooks be too lost?
-
y
Immaculate paragraph
-
aximum of three lines.
Cool
-
-
www.orwell.ru www.orwell.ru
-
Each of these passages has faults of its own, but, quite apart from avoidable ugliness, two qualities are common to all of them. The first is staleness of imagery; the other is lack of precision. The writer either has a meaning and cannot express it, or he inadvertently says something else, or he is almost indifferent as to whether his words mean anything or not. This mixture of vagueness and sheer incompeten
Basically, these passages have two things in common: 1. Lack of exciting imagery 2. Vagueness and a failure to express what the author intends.
-
— I could have quoted far worse if I had chosen —
Lmao
-
Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is a natural growth and not an instrument which we shape for our own purposes.
Key: naysayers / defeatists think this is a natural course of language "evolution" or degradation, but orwell claims we should shape language to our own purpose as a tool
-
-
www.hagiographysociety.org www.hagiographysociety.org
-
formal distinction,made increasingly rigid through the later middle ages, between sancti and beati.
Formal distinction made increasingly rigid in latter MA -> sancti and beati differences
-
By reading this relationship, Vauchez expounded theways in which Rome controlled�or at least attempted to control�the practices ofwestern Christianity. Thus he persuasively elucidated the experiences of lay Christiansthrough sources produced by clerics. But laypeople themselves (with the notableexception of those who became saints) always remained off center stage. Such, it wouldseem, is the fate of any study�or any careful study�based on hagiographic sources
KEY KEY KEY KEY K E Y K E Y-> So Vauchez is firmly in the camp of those who examine "religion" through the lense of a structure / top down. Sttudying social history, sure 9ie, not just history of the Church), but assumes that we can find out about lay people THROUGH the Church. -> laypeople themselves appear off the centre stage here. This is because the SOURCES V examines are only hagiographic / papal/ local clergy
-
The book is a systematicexamination of the records of the formal processes initiated for the canonization of saintsbetween 1198 and 1431.
What the book IS functionally (an examination of the PROCESS of sainthood via looking at records and formal (papal) processes.
-
- Feb 2023
-
reserves.concordia.ca reserves.concordia.ca
-
Whereas in history, our peopledidn't punish children like that. But as time went on, the people thatwent to residential school before my time picked up those kinds ofpunishing kinds of techniq
Direct contrast / replacement of family styles
-
Still today,I find that our people, when they 8o to church, the women go to oneside and the men 80 to one side in the building
Ex of lasting institutional behaviour forced upon IND by res schools
-
The boys had chores to do, working outside. So it really wasn't alearning institution. It
Again, more of a labour camp than a school. Very little actual classtime compared to just chores -> so, again, losing culture for absolutely nothing
Maybe, struck by how intentional the goal was to DESTROY as opposed to replace culture -> absolutely no regard for these children. Also how they remembered the sensory experiences )food, cold, wetting the bed, loud noises, etc here)
-
And that's a long time for a child tlat had never.been away
Overall taking advantage of the fact that they're children and very impressionable -> loneliness especially here. Some couldn't go home for Christmas if they couldn't afford it, and this likely contributed to their absorption of the rigid structure of residential schools. A place not even really compatible with white Christian Canada due to its extremes -> thereby erasing culture and leaving one with nothing (not that replacing one culture with another isn't also an evil act)
-
I never saw custard before in my life. I don't know whatkind of custard it vJas. But when you force someone to eat somethingthey've never tasted - an
So food was at once one of these cultural boundaries to cross (Custard) but also evidence of just straight up mistreatment through malnourishment / psychological harm (pigskin soup)
-
-
www.rogerebert.com www.rogerebert.com
-
st sexual parallel
But then ENGAGE in sex on the job -> not mocked enough unlike Dr. Strangelove?
-
t does not, especially toward the end of the film. You can only watch so much footage of a man crouched behind a barrier, pinned down by sniper fire, before the situation turns into a cinematic cliche.
A bit like lazertag
-
-
journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
-
rust us’,the symbolism reassures followers. ‘We are still republicans. Stay with us through thesechallenging times.
K so just because old symbols exist alongside new ones in this new mixed economy of symbols doesn't mean change isn't occurring
Sometimes, embracing old symbols PREPARES communities for change like "trust us, we're still Sinn Fein -> still have Bobby Sands as a mural here. - Sands interpetation too -> some say opportunistic to have actual political Sinn Fein when Sands' seat was not taken in protest. BUT he could also have been a community leader -> in either case, lending trust to people of their constituents
Loyalists and WWI: a similar example to Sands - Shift in INTERPRETATION of WWI images - UVF formed as illegal army AGAINST HR in 1912 -> absorbed into British army as we know (36 Ulster) -> from what the current UVF draws its legitimacy - Two differences -> first is RACIST rallying call AGAINST new minority groups in Belfast (they didn't die for...) - Second involves Somme associations -> DIRECT reference to Somme commemoration (no red hand?) Poppies, etc -> ie NO direct link between these and Loyalist UVF/UDA/UFF groups
Reimaging communities has dovetailed this - Poppies, etc used to LEGITIMIZE presence/actions of UVF -> but no purely historical commemoration -> so REMAINING symbols of nationalistic character - Attempts still to ease into this new era cautiously -> UVF PLAQUE exists below some murals listing dead recent fighters next to "purely historical" murals -> "The UVF now hitches a ride, as it were, with the historical representation, in effect telling the world 'we were soldiers too'"
CONCLUSION: - Murals help NAVIGATE the peace process for both groups -> cling to identities but not inherently a bad thing. All about give and take -> foreground for CONSTRUCTION OF NEW COLLECTIVE MEMORIES -> like one big moving painting - Exists in concert with other debates -> should new, united, sports stadium replace the H-Blocks where Sands died in 81? - Should there be CIVIC memorials? (there AREN'T stranegly enough yet) - Strange scenario then -> tourist city with crowds clamouring for painted murals/curbstones, ie MEMORIALS of the conflict, yet no actual city-driven things. All in the hands of community members - "emollient hand of the heritage industry [will] transform it into something altogether more soothing" - But there is a rich collective of memory that doesn't NEED TO LEAD TO FORGETTING - Some symbols might be outdated and anachronistic -> but doesn't mean they aren't still very real symbols of these communities that have struggled through and survived conflict. - So reimaging fund MAY be useful but it goes beyond displaying "different images" - Collective remembering over enforced forgetting
-
Agents of the state, in particular, ‘have acentral role and special weight because of their power in relation to establishing anddeveloping an “official history/memory”
Thesis Key
- Maybe something like, "what role did the state play in ERASING MURALS?
-
‘Asymmetries of power in society mean that some groups insociety are better positioned than others to articulate and impose their preferred inter-pretation of the past’
thesis key
-
It is the need for current meaningand identity which creates the symbol or the ritual, not the symbol or ritual which ofitself automatically engenders meaning
key
-
great care must betaken. To understand how groups and societies process their relationship with the past,it is necessary to move beyond metaphor or analogy into the study of social or col-lective memory.
Collectove memory CANNOT be analyzed this way (as in an individual's relationship to inescapable, recurring, more-vivid-than-present trauamatic memories)
-
the unprocessed imprints – are more vivid and intense than what he sees inthe present’
because of trauma
-
hey further popularized the view that the Irish, and especially thenationalist working class in the North, were locked into myths whose consequenceswere murderous. And if
BASICALLY: lib shit. Tryna stop peak of violence and just end up blaming irish working class in the north
-
What academic elites remember is per-missible memory; for the rest of us, only distorted memory is available.
Thesis
Academic bias
-
rish, and especially republicans, could not win; either they were manipulating anddistorting historical memory for their own ideological ends, or they were trapped inmyths which drove them to violence (Dawson, 2007: 38).
Again, "zombie" view of history
-
The revisionists in effectshared that state’s view of itself as a neutral arbiter between the warring Irish factions
Is this view that Ireland has constant violent mythmaking (outsized) actually just British propaganda (ie, we're just a neutral party here?) Also ignores british myths that justify colonial violence
-
-
thelinknewspaper.ca thelinknewspaper.ca
-
“My cookies sold out in minutes!” she said.
Supporting Quote!
-
-
thelinknewspaper.ca thelinknewspaper.ca
-
“[Rossland] has attracted so many creative people and artists who have tried to cram micro-studios into their already tiny houses,” she said.
Let the sources provide colour for you
-
-
thelinknewspaper.ca thelinknewspaper.ca
-
“Shout out to women!” she exclaimed before launching into an improvised instrumental piece
Supporting quote!
-
-
thelinknewspaper.ca thelinknewspaper.ca
-
In another corner of the park, a cenotaph had been repurposed for an impromptu skate jam.
Again, already tells you what the attitude at this event was like through providing concrete physical detail (ie, not -> " the atmosphere was one of __"
-
had set up their wares across two picnic tables
Describing ramshackle/ impromptu nature of the event without directly saying it
-
Children eagerly lined up for face painting stations, businesses and organizations such as Librarie Racines—a Black-owned bookstore–established their presence at individual booths.
Again, just mentioning presence of children adds colour to the event
-
-
www.utpjournals.press www.utpjournals.press
-
Butcher, Le Roi. 1971. “The Anderson Affair.” In Let the Niggers Burn: The Sir George Williams University Affair and its Caribbean Aftermath, edited by David Forsythe, 76–110. Montreal: Black Rose Books. Google Scholar
Same comment as above
-
Abraham 2021
Cite legal ramifications (just make it a starvation source, a volume source if you will.
-
e, I had a political history and a conviction which was “Misdemeanour – Illegal occupation of the computer centre at Sir George University.” T
Legal ramifications - difficulty acquiring green card for US work where she eventually moved to / married in.
-
I used to travel to the US a lot. After the trial, I often couldn't get across the border. I would get stopped all the time; I believe my name was on an “undesirable” list. At the time, I used to work with an international land development company with
Legal ramifications -> still on list so limited international travel
-
e had a jury trial, but we did not achieve a not-guilty verdict as we should have. I
Didn't receive not-guilty verdict (jury influenced by media?
-
Most of the foreign students were represented by their countries’ consulates, and after the first trial, they pleaded guilty, were fined, and had to leave Canada.15 M
Legal ramifications, foreign students
-
Well, I was certainly on the list that the RCMP and police departments kept of the “usual suspects” that they would call “revolutionaries,” “agitators,” or “radicals.” Anytime there w
Kept on suspect list of radicals following protests despite being an activist (legal ramifications, etc.)
-
re was. For instance, we went to Halifax on more than one occasion. Halifax was like the Southern United States with more Black people who were discriminated against, and many were living in very poor conditions, and everybody knew it. C
Halifax tidbit
-
We felt it was deliberate. Because if you're a student, you don't have any money, how are you going to live when you have no job and now you can't go back to school? Because you are banned from the university, and you have to live for six months before you go back to court again. This went on for years.
Legal complications / suffering of students
-
was not a riot, it was a protest that the police came in and disturbed. S
Directly contradicts press reports
-
After we were arraigned and charged, nobody was given bail for days. The men were in the men's jail and the women were in the women's jail. And when the bail finally got set, i
No mention of, for instance, the harm done to protestors here for lack of bail options / imprisonment for several days on end.
ALSO -> implicitly blames protestors entirely for act and just admin for creating conditions where a violenet protest (like the act itself/response) was possible as opposed to justifying student action of any kind or sympathizing with complaints
-
People like me stayed behind to clean up the computer centre before we left. But I believe it was part of their strategy, because had we not thought that it was over, there would have been more like three hundred students arrested as opposed to ninety-seven.
Part of strategy to accept students' demands? Basically, students had left en masse -> Dash offers to clean up centre overnight -> arrested next day
Allegedly GUARDED machines too -> but emergency plan was to reocate to this room to prevent escalation for fear of property damage Police storm at 4am yikes -> THEN barricaded (so contradiction in accounts) -> need to reconcile differences in testimonies? Regardless of what's right, paper doesn't even mention black side of testiomny, just takes white side as a given -> taken out and processed at police station in groups
-
sit-ins were very common at universities. The
SIT INS also very common -> SO extra racist here because this is somewhat common occurance? Basically says this sit in was doomed to violence, but because of lack of communication between B/W -> instead of because of racist violence at hands of police / admin
-
ssues were not being dealt with seriously by the university. Once I knew about the sit-in, I familiarized myself with the facts and started interacting with the other students involved and by then the sit-in was starting to grow larger
Instead of sensitivity -> actually "not being taken seriously" by the university -> article does not acknowledge that
-
After a mostly peaceful protest, police were called on the morning of February 11, 1969, and the students were arrested and jailed. After formal charges, they were hauled before the courts in lengthy legal trials that f
Something like: conemporary scholarship now agrees that x events happened regarding the police and that force on their part was unjust or what escalated the pace of evacuation into violence -> however contemporary white Canadian sources still up for debate, etc (primary docs)
-
-
www.journals.uchicago.edu www.journals.uchicago.edu
-
ack Voice (May 1972 to October 1974). These groups andinstitutions made critical contributions to the social development and quality oflife of black Montrealers and Canadians at a crucial stage in the community'sevolution. And in so doing, they also m
After SGW, Black ORGANIZATION is definitely more effective / takes off -> Black Theatre Workshop, etc appear in MTL
-
central figure in the organizing of theactivities of the Caribbean Conference Committee and the Congress of BlackWriters, by 1969 he was a seasoned political activist who had established ties withStokely Carmichael and other prominent black political leaders in the UnitedStates and across Canada. A
Ok, so All Roads acknowledges this -> by calling Douglas both a Maoist and Conservative -> downplays role as organizer here (sophistication)
-
als. He accused the students of momentarilytransforming "radical politics into a pseudo-Freudian passion play in which eachparticipant could become his own hero, martyr,
Is Genovese Black? (no lol) A leading Marxist and historian of slavery / US south -> Calls the SGW Affair a "pseudo-freudian passion play" of heroes, martyrs, and saviours (ie, he emphasizes individual responsibility and violence) SO could be counter to All Roads' point that racism was confronted n Canada -> here prominant SGW prof was notably still racist
-
many ways, this shift in consciousness was symbolized by thesupplanting of "Negro" and "Colored" with "Black," although many among theolder generation obstinately refused to identify with the word "Bla
Author claims this is evident because "Negro" etc were supplanted with Black -> what evidence is there of this?
-
n the l
test
-
he Canadian public could no longer turn a blind eyeto the ugly face of racism in Canada because it had been placed right on theirdoorstep.
Hmm...Counter to #Thesis?
Here, claims that SGW affair forced Canadians to examine their own racial biases instead of mocking the US -> but we could say there is little evidence of this -> racism by downplaying, etc
-
s the Sir George Williams Affair, more than any other single event,that illustrated the militancy of the black Canadians in the face of white racism
Militancy backfires? SGW Affair is biggest event to demonstrate the militancy of black Canadians in face of white racism
-
Some of the students were forced to return to the Caribbean indisgrace in the eyes of family members, and without their coveted degrees.Others lost job prospects in Canada and faced insults from bewildered and angrywhite Canadian
Thesis
Aftermath
Douglas and Cools identified as ringleaders and imprisoned for several months each Others returned to Caribbean forcibly Others had to end their coveted degree Others still lost job prospects and all Coralee Hutchinson lost her life from police beatings (source: an unpublished interview) Died of brain tumor a year after incident (head trauma) Hector finds OPTIMISM -> showed Black Montrealers were prepared to fight for their dignity / humanity
-
dia and general public seemed to be moreconcerned with the fact that the university's computers had been destroyed thanwith the impact of the incident on the students.74 While the students would betried and punished for damaging the university's property, neither the professornor the university, Hector lament
Thesis
Aftermath
- Media was more concerned with impact on COMPUTERS / DAMAGE than violence or imprisonment against students
-
ety-seven people had been arrested fortheir roles in the Sir George Williams Affair, forty-two of whom were black.73 Agreat deal has been made of the damage to the university's pr
Aftermath
- 42/97 arrested were Black -> most participants were white (leaders black or at least perceived as such)
-
firmed. Some among the crowd outside began the incendiary chantof "Let the Niggers Burn!
Thesis
Could this chant even be evidence of the thesis? That this is ultiamtely calling them lowly / thugs -> no betrayal of sophistication of earlier conferences, etc
-
n a large crowd had gatheredoutside the Sir George Williams Hall Building. For weeks, the general public hadbeen saturated by the media with the idea that the protesters were rabble-rousers,violent communists, or Maoist agents.71
Thesis
Violent communist or Maoist agents -> what media had churned up at time (maybe only in advance?
-
me of the protesters fire-hosed the police as they tried to enter thecomputer room.
InitialEvent - THIS leads to RESISTANCE against police -> even firehose them lol - Part of why image is seen as criminal?
-
pread that a putative settlement had been reached between theadministration and the students, they finished cleaning up the computer centerand began trickling out.69 It was only when the police stormed the computerroom that the hapless remaining occupants realized that no form
InitialEvent
- Protestors think that a deal has been reached but this isn't the case -> start to leave but now cops start storming the place and ~somehow~ a fie starts
-
with the university administration, insisting that their complaint be addressed.As discussions between the students and university officials floundered, thestudents decided to up the ante of their grievance. Following an impromptu rallyon 29 January 1969, over 20
InitialEvent
- Protests "begin" with Perry Anderson complaints
- Many complaintants (being of West-Indian origin) had participated in the Black Writer's Conference
- This event and the "Hemispheric conference to end the Vietnam War" in November (Black Panthers, Quebecqois, etc had militarized the students -> driving them to occupy building
-
ing among the students wasthat the complaint was not being taken seriously.66 Several of the complainantsand eventual protesters at Sir George had either attended the e
InitialEvent
-
protest itself began the previous year whenseveral students, most of whom were black (along with Asians) lodged acomplaint to the university administration against Perry Anderso
InitialEvent
-
duced to a dismissivefootnote at the end of the book where Winks describes the event as a"thoughtless, needless, and frustrated destruction of the twentieth century'ssymbol of quantification, the ultimate equality?Sir George WilliamsUniversity's computer centre," before casually adding that the event "set offextensive Black Power rioting in Trinidad."
Thesis
-
n Quebec the French Canadians are not subject tothis irrational racism that has done so much wrong to the workers, white andblack, of the United States. They can take no credit for that, since in Quebecthere is no 'black problem
Thesis
-
side from the McGill Daily which,along with Quartier Latin of the Universit? de Montr?al, was one of theexemplary student papers of that era, Walter Rodney lamented the fact that thepress was primarily concerned with reporting on "nice little juicy bits aboutviolence" and failed to recognize the historic significance of this internationalgathering on Canadian soil.44
Thesis
-
t "modern whiteoppression ... has always sought to justify its oppressive control over the otherraces by resorting to arrogant claims of inherent superiority, and attempting todenigrate the cultural and historical achievements of the oppressed peoples."
Thesis
-
Rosie Douglas of Dominica, a founding member of the CCC, who addressedthe issue of racism in Canada.2
Rosie Douglas role
-
gave birth to what may rightly be termed a Canadiandimension of the evolving "Black Radical Tradition" that political scientist CedricJ. Robinson describes as being rooted in the history of black resistance and "anaccretion, over generations, of collective intelligence gathered from struggle
Thesis
Global
CCC and collabs w/ James are the establishment of a Canadian dimension to the "Black Radical Tradition" described by Robinson -> collective intelligence gathered through struggle -> CLR James key figure here so association important -> directly links CCC to global struggle -> Passing torch to younger generation - Very Che Guavera like DENIS FORSYTHE -> CCCs conferences play vital role in organizing Blacks GLOBALLY / throughout Canada
-
George Lamming had the following remarks ofpraise for the Conference Committe
global
"World scale" quote -> NOT just Caribbean's in US/Canada -> fighting same international struggle in London, etc
-
idea of going back home to "make a contribution" towards building postcolonial Caribbean societies. It was with this goal in mind that a small group ofCaribbean women and men?among them Robert Hill, Anthony Hill, AlvinJohnson, Hugh O'Neile, Rosie Douglas, Anne Cools, Franklyn Harvey, and AlfieRoberts?came together in Montreal in 1965 to form the Conference Committeeon West Indian Affairs, or the Caribbean Conference Committee (CCC
Origins of Caribbean Conference Committee
-
ressured the Canadian government to retract its "climateunsuitability" clau
lmao
-
-
reserves.concordia.ca reserves.concordia.ca
-
They represented the familiar circle of kin, neighbours and friends: acelebration of identity
A CELEBRATION OF IDENTIFTY (based on your experiences/close connections)
-
-
www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
-
cu
empire -> washed out by victory prsonal experience / memory of suffering a
-
s rammed into his rectum with a stick. Women were gang-raped by the guards. Peopl
Like Nanking
-
-
www.jstor.org www.jstor.org
-
Japan as former militaryviolence and Japan as postwar economic and cultural desire.
KEY KEY KEY
-
odyguards of the Last Governor belongs to the Hong Kong cinemagenre that is replete with crass inside jokes, political satire, and local refer-ences. The anti-Japanese scene described above, however, poignantly re-veals the duality of “Japan” in postwar East Asia:
Reminds me of "Ain't no Catholics left"
-
-
deepblue.lib.umich.edu deepblue.lib.umich.edu
-
Some students of colonialism are rereadingthose archives and doing oral histories with people who lived those archivedevents to comment on colonial narratives of them.
Contrast btw colonial narrative of events stashed in archives and students doing oral histories OF subjects featured in said archives Anti colonial stance
-
-
moodle.concordia.ca moodle.concordia.ca
-
tted her memories of the war, and her c
Specifically tie it back to aims of paper -> different age cohort and lifestyles (lack of involvement in the Church?)
-
- Jan 2023
-
search-alexanderstreet-com.lib-ezproxy.concordia.ca search-alexanderstreet-com.lib-ezproxy.concordia.ca
-
Confederacy is 5,000,000, and, therefore, to fill up the ranks of the proposed army, 600,000, about ten per cent of the entire white population, will be required. In any other country than our own such a draft could not be met, but the Southern states can furnish that number of men, and still not le
Interesting: Only reason south can field such a large army (comparable to the Union) is a matter of percentages: - BECAUSE of slavery -> 10% draft can be met of ENTIRE pop which in North/anywhere else -> economy would fall apart if so many were drafted - But, obv, slaves fill in the gaps here -> why "general strike" cancels Confederate movement
-
? If all labor, black as well as white, became free -were given schools and the right to vote -what control could or should be set to the power and action of these laborers? Was the rule of the mass of Americans to be unlimited, and the right to rule extended to all men regardless of race and color, or if not, what power of dictatorship and control; and how would property and privilege be protected? This was the great and primary question which was in the minds of the men who wrote the Constitution of the United States and continued in the minds of thinkers down through the slavery controversy
Question of labor key here
-
he system of slavery demanded a special police force and such a force was made possible and unusually effective by the presence of the poor whites. This explains the difference between the slave revolts in the West Indies, and the lack of effective revolt in the Southern United States. In the West Indies, the power over the slave was held by the whites and carried out by them and such Negroes as they could trust. In the South, on the other hand, the great planters formed proportionately quite as small a class but they had singularly enough at their command some five million poor whites; that is, there were actually more white people to police the slaves than there were slaves. Considering the economic ri
Whites outnumber blacks (vs west indies -> revolts) POLICING roles of poor whites POOR WHITES KEY TO UNDERSTANDING HERE
-
specially where authority must be sometimes delegated by the planter to agents of inferior education and coarser
REMEMBER HOW we discussed German memory of the war? Interesting to see how different narratives arise -> whereas w/ WWII it was frowned upon to have German perspective and emphasize the "overall" victims -> civ war in US is typically remembered with the lost cause / etc -> white 'suffering" first over black suffering
-
It was in part psychological, the enforced personal feeling of inferiority, the calling of another Master; the standing with hat
Masculinity / control / dominance aspect
Overall seems like we're going to be looking at how Civ War is remembered through racial lens (obv)
-
d and undermined it. He must not be. He must be suppressed, enslaved, colonized. And nothing so bad could be said about him that did not easily appear as true to slaveholders.]
So successful blacks are THREAT to slavery because they contradict it -> relates to postwar keeping blacks down?
-
[Again in 1716, Jews and Negroes, who had been voting, were expressly excluded. In Georgia, there was at first no color discrimination, although only owners of fifty acres of land could vote. In 1761, voting was expressly confined to white me
Again, race at heart of democracy here -> voting laws banning blacks/jews
-
Black labor became the foundation stone not only of the Southern social structure, but of Northern manufacture and commerce, of the English factory system, of European commerce, of buying and selling on a world-wide scale; new cities were built on the results of black labor, and a new labor problem, involving all white labor, arose both in Europe and America.
KEY KEY KEY FOR ABOVE COMMENT
-
First
Very fabric –as DB claims– of American economy/society built on slavery -> plantation economy, tech developments of steam power
THEREFORE -> slaves/race at very heart of Civ War and foundation of NEW nation
-
and to appease the moral sense of civilization
First mention of "moral civilization" -> Before, would morality have even been a consideration in war? See later in wars of 20th century -> but here could be AMONG first uses (also, doesn't go away -> obv WWI started out w/o all that humanity talk)
-
two points of view, so obvious to Americans, and then without further ado, I am assuming the truth of the first. In fine, I am going to tell this story as though Negroes were ordinary human beings, realizing that this attitude will from the first seriously curtail my audience.
Damn. Ok, so Du Bois automatically assumes most of his audience here are people who view racial science as corrct and see black folks as lesser somehow So...tells you how MEMORY OF WAR is carried out -> do northerners actually care about anti-black atrocities, etc?
-
-
activehistory.ca activehistory.ca
-
bout the impact and life of somebody like John A. Macdonald, but rather that we began thinking about the impact of his policies and decisions from a broader and more diverse range of perspectiv
Genocide debate reflects broader shift in history to examine more people -> ask broader questions, etc
-
Ultimately, debates around Macdonald’s legacy and genocide have been driven primarily (but not entirely) by forces outside of the academy, primarily – in this case – by conservative critics as well as Indigenous activists, scholars, communities, nations, and their allies.
Key -> not driven by historians -> but by outside politics/culture
-
-
nationaltrustcanada.ca nationaltrustcanada.ca
-
work
What work?
-
- Oct 2022
-
moodle.concordia.ca moodle.concordia.ca
-
ertrude Stein would write, differently, via itself asrepetition -like a copy or perhaps more like a ritual- as an echo in the ears of a confidante, an audiencemember, a witness.
Performance (reenactment, oral testimony) less of a COPY and MORE of an ECHO
-
Whether that ritual repetition is the attendance todocuments in the library (the acts of acquisition,the acts of reading, writing, education) or thefamily oral tales of lineage (think of the AfricanAmerican descendents of Thomas Jefferson), orthe myriad traumatic re-enactments engaged inboth consciously and unconsciously, we refigure'history onto body-to-body transmission. In linewith this configuration performance does notdisappear, but remains as ritual act- ritual actswhich, by occlusion and inclusion, script disap-pearance. We are reading, then, our performativerelations to documents and to documents' ritualstatus as performatives within a culture that privi-leges object remains. We are reading, then, thedocument as performative act, and as site ofperforman
So... EVERYTHING is a body-to-body performance -> even reading and citing documents -> PERFORMING authority and knowledge (checking them out, citing them, etc) Same as oral tales or reenactments
-
Indeed performance in this light can be figuredas both the act of remaining and a means of appear-ance.
BASICALLY -> civil war example - Civil war reenactor Hodge is noted for his ability to perform as a corpse on the battle field. Is this a document? Is this performance valid? Does it say something? Is it not a ridiculous copy of a real bloated corpse?
For "living historians" this remarkable feat IS historic knowledge -> even MORE authentic than some document -> evidence
AGAIN -> performance isn't what disappears -> it;s a continuous act -> therefore evidence doesn't have to be "only bones" so to speak
-
undo anunderstanding of performance as remaining
DOING SO (preventing "loss" of performance) actually contributes to loss of performance as an enduring entity
-
'radically new kinds ofarchives, of which the most characteristic are oralarchives'
Again, oral and performative history are more welcomed now into historical scholarship, but only within the context of incorporating these into some kind of archival studies
-
It isarguably foreign to practices in popular culture,such as the practices of American Civil Warre-enactors who, often motivated by a distrust ofdocuments, consider performance as precisely away of keeping memory alive - making sure it doesnot disappear.
Intriguing -> performance WITH documents too (ie, uniforms, etc)
This is a bit of a weird line though. Is reenactment not informed by records and documents?
-
ebased if notdownright feared as destructive of the pristineideality of all things marked 'original
Aha, so touches on the idea of fearing how information in performance can evolve over time because its a type of living document or text
-
eclaring that thepractices of'body to body transmission', such asdance and gesture, meant that 'you lose a lot ofhistory'. Such statements assume that memorycannot be housed in a body and remain, and thusthat oral storytelling, live recitation, repeatedgesture, and ritual enactment are not practices oftelling or writing history.
AHA so exactly what you were talking about -> Performance as loss is a colonial/western mindset because (even if its taken as a good disruptive thing) it assumes performance doesn't carry the same "factual" weight as documents. So its "difficult" to record performance (Need to actually see it to understand) in this manner -> but complaining about this and leaving it at that ignores the possibility of performance itself (oral history, Nahuatl writings, even Shakespeare) can be capital H history
-
And yet, in privileging anunderstanding of performance as a refusal toremain, do we ignore other ways of knowing, othermodes of remembering, that might be situatedprecisely in the ways in which performanceremains, but remains differently
Performance CAN remain and DOES -> but we're just privelaging this western definition of it being ephemeral (and tehrefore also disruptive like the disruption element is PART of the western definition
-
erformance can rupture the ocularhegemony
POLITICAL dimension to performance
-
rmance cannot reside in its materialtraces, and therefore it 'disappears'
Inherently ephemeral MEANING -> impermenant -> no skeleton beneath the flesh which rots
-
ogic of the archive, perform-ance is that which does not remain
Key definition of performance - ie no physical documents of it -> its the fat of experience that's skimmed off.
-
If we consider performance as a process of dis-appearance, of an ephemerality read as vanishment(versus material remains), are we limiting ourselvesto an understanding of performance predeterminedby our cultural habituation to the logic of thearchive?
Thesis question. Also, what?
-
performance
Critiques:
Performance of romance that defies the state: - American comics roast presidents -> just saying the truth lol - performance as underground -> Russian literary critiques used to get around censors SO...give a lot of posiitvity to cultural performnace -> but organizational and tech performance also operate our lives (currency as performance of value, the national anthem making us stand still -> Performance of relations to police, etc
Performance complicated -> what silenced do you hear?
"Just a song"
Performance in fascism etc
Spectrum of performance - NON identffying some is compliance with authority/the state
Place des Arts as performnace of nationalism
-
archive
Archive fever -> some countries (France) more applicable than others
Archon (Greek) -> person who controls documents is the ruler of society (what is law? What is history ? What is memory?)
SO... be careful w/ archives
-
Remains
Turn of ideology -> performing in regards to current power dynamics in relation to state. Hailed by state -> police say "hey you there" when you TURN that's the performative subjectivity to the state / ritualistic.
Many versions of the "hail" a lot of different "hey you there"
Applies to gender -> "Ladies and gentlemen" your response to identification w/ either
Hey cool kid! you turn...
Also what's left out -> what if you don't feel hailed? (Again, ladies and gentlemen for NB)
THEREFORE -> performance is something that constitutes itself THROUGH REPETITION
-
Flesh, that slippery feminine subcutaneousness, isthe tyranny and oily, invisible-inked signature of theliving.
Damn
-
As theories of trauma and repetition mightalso instruct us, it is not presence that appears inperformance but precisely the missed encounter-the reverberations of the overlooked, the missed,the repressed, the seemingly forgotten. Taken fromthis perspective, performance does not disappearthough its remains are immaterial- the set of actsand spectral meanings which haunt material inconstant collective interaction, in constellation
KEY
-
Performance
Performance doesn't mean "nothing" or "false" it means "continuative" "reenactment" etc
-
-
www.cbc.ca www.cbc.ca
-
sang
New network maps of touring networks -> tell us how popular culture moves, railway networks, how people move at this time (also Thompson opera civil war ones ) Obv community histories and diasporic performances like ehre
-
were sponsoring groups of Opera performers to go perform in Chinatowns across North America.
Chinatown itself as performnace? Never thought about China's relationship to these?
-
to hear her voice over the dramatic Chinese music. It felt shocking to my English-speaking ears.
So is a Cantonese/oriental performance
Generational gap of language, etc
-
or Jacqueline i
Rename -> also wonderful name -> stage AND westernization? No oriental name? Interesting
-
-
moodle.concordia.ca moodle.concordia.ca
-
But this is also a book about minstrels, or more generally, about pop-ular culture. It was through the minstrel show and popular music thatLavallée found opportunities to see the world and attain a degree offame, if not fortune. It is through the minstrel show paper trail – adver-tisements, reviews, and published songs – that we track his movementsas a travelling music director. Details about the performances he led re-veal much of the changing social landscape of the 1860s and 187
POPULAR CULTURE ARTIFACTS -> posters, tickets, etc allow us to track his rise and fall and physical/temporal/social movements
-
At the same time, he remains active within theFrench-Canadian community in New England, composing occasionalpieces and organizing concerts to raise funds for Catholic charities, forpro-annexation organizations, and for the family of Louis Riel
Pro Louis Riel when abroad in NE
-
ean-Baptiste. Not long after this event, he once again left for the UnitedStates, this time with no intention of returnin
LEAVES IMMEDIATELY FOR US AFTER composing hymn
-
erformed, taught, and lobbied thegovernment on behalf of the arts.
BECOMES ASSOCIATED W/ GOVT -> LOBBIES ON BEHALF OF ARTS
-
pposition to Confederation lefthim with a difficult decision after it was approved by a vote in the legis-lature in March 1865.
opposed to confederation
-
Blackening his face
???
-
s. It was, in sum, an exercisein nation building that was without precedent in Canada.
KEY -> USING funerals as performance for nation building
-
by the police
police presence
-
-
-
e word at the end of a poetic line should bear the weight of imaginative or musical scrutiny. The end word of a line is highly visible and audible. Never end lines on weak words unless there is a strong expressive necessity. The end words—rhymed or unrhymed—should generate energy for the poem.
END words are key hmmm...maybe feeding into end words too?
-
overall formal power of the poem cannot be achieved if lineation is done carelessly.
But DONT wing lineation -> should be intentional (maybe copy one? But then isn't that conforming to structure before hand ? ugh
-
t is one reason that poetry can be quoted with such advantage.
So...question I have is how to approach this?
Like, should I not fit a patterns and then alter lines for meaning afterwards? Or should I just create a series of meaningful lines that then conform to a pattern? That's terrifying to me. That's like asking me to freeze water without cold
-
ndividual line is the microcosm of the total poe
Like openings to stories
-
Filling out a pattern is not sufficient justification for a line of verse.
BULLET HOLE -> contrasts to literally my only approach to poetry (Nuns fret not)
-
Each poetic line has two complementary obligations—to work well within the total pattern of the poem, and to embody in itself the power of poetic language. The successful poem does not merely balance those differing obligations; it uses them as partners in a seamless dance. Unless they dance, there isn’t poetry, only versified language.
Basically, every line must contribute to or interact w/ the rhythm, but also must stand on its own with poetic use of language
-
pressive value of all disruptions should be greater than the loss of momentum and the breaking of the pattern’s spell.
So about actually knowing when to break up rhythm
-
ine length should be consistent within a poem
EVEN IF FREE VERSE -> LINE LENGTH SHOULD BE CONSISTENT
-
eate a gentle hypnotic state that lowers the listener’s resistance and heightens attention.
Knausgaard? How do we use rhythm in prose?
-
establish a rhythm of expectation that heightens the listener’s attention and apprehension
ABOUT ESTABLISHING RHYTHM
-
ntuitively
Comes down to intuition though - can kinda get behind this (especially when structured into sonnets)
-
There should be a reason why every line ends where it does. Line breaks are not neutral
Agree, but when actually writing it out ya need to just riff ya know? The issue is I'm such a line-by-line writer that this can be harc to accomplish
-
each passive detail weakens the overall force of the poe
KEY -> RR -> everything that's not intentional in a poem weakens it through passivity
-
- Sep 2022
-
moodle.concordia.ca moodle.concordia.ca
-
Denis
LEC: - Some poets write line breaks WITHOUT intending pitch shifts (WIlliam Carlos Williams Plum poem)
- Always ask about intent -> if assumption is intentional, easier to move forward in workshop
-
Crippled
IS IT BECAUSE IT CHANGES WHERE WE PUT EMPHASIS
So... line breaks change the emphasis and myster of poetry of each line (ie state of heightened anxiety) but also how we literally pronounce them out loud (what pitch we use)
-
allows the reader to share more intimately theexperience that is being articulated; and by introducing an a-logicalcounter-rhythm into the logical rhythm of syntax it cause
Like the birth of thoughts -> also introduces non logical counter rhythm to the "normal" rhythm / flow of syntax
-
e line-break records? If readers will think of their own speech, or their silent innermonologue, when describing thoughts, feelings, perceptions, scenesor events, they will, I think, recognize that they frequentlyhesitate?albeit very briefly?as if with an unspoken question,?a'what?' or a 'who?' or a khow?'?before nouns, a
MECHANICS
-
ncorporates and reveals the process of thinking/feeling, feeling/thinking, rather than focusing more exclusively on itsresults ; and in so doing it explores (or can explore) human experience in a way that is not wholly new but is (or can be) valuable in itssubtle difference of appro
Huh, so modern poetry reveals process of thinking as opposed to chain of thoughts
-
ess pronounced
KEY about evolution: new, relatavistic poetry GENERALLY has less concrete endings / conclusions -> more open ended and less resolution.
Side note -> is this just a "phase" -> will we see a return to like romanticism or something? More gothic? Obviously more of a split
Also, is poetry just (easier) now? Is less structure a good or bad thing?
-
The closed, contained quality of such forms has less relation to the relativistic sense of lifewhich unavoidably prevails in the late 20th century than modes thatare more exploratory, more open-ended.
VERY interesting for Prof/discussion -> modenr poetry is a stylisitic evolution from old / traditional poems
Life has become more relative and surreal in 20th century -> few people relate to old style for EXPRESSING themselves
Reflection: I like older poetry more because it takes me AWAY from modern world? Or speaks universal truths? Idk
-
-
-
t semi-professional hockey leagues like t
Lmao because Quebec society is inherently violence - loving (hockey)
-
Montreal is without question the capital of Canada's boxing and combat sports scene. Even before New Brunswick's Yvon Durelle waged a historic war with Archie Moore at the Montreal Forum in 1959, prizefighting and professional wrestling had long found a home in Quebecois society
Montreal CAPITAL for boxing (what about amateur? Part of Quebecois culture (Like Ukraine)
-
-
www.boxinginsider.com www.boxinginsider.com
-
According to Yvon Michel, Montreal is a city that supports all sporting events. Montreal’s athletes are seen as celebrities and boxing matches are seen as social events.
Athlete respect culture of MTL makes athletes local celebrities more than most cities
-
-
www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
-
The four AM cries of my son worm through the double foam of earplugs and diazepam.
NOW full prose -> so in between state exists as well. In short, lines the most important distinction between prose and poetry
-
m and dia
Ah so TRADE off -> can have benefits -> rhyme scheme works better with prose but "keeps readers less engaged," etc
-
e of enjambment allows him to dole out information bit by bit, heightening readers’ curiosity and the drama hidden inside a
Drama in exchange for concrete images / clarity?
-
subtle kind of mystery or anxiety, a
PRODUCES MYSTERY / ANXIETY
-
e enjambed, meaning they don’t end with punctuation or can’t be understood independently on their own
hmmm. can't be understood on their own if using enjambment -> is this true? Isn't part of the relationship that the reader first gets an understanding of this line which is then altered/added to by reading the next several meant to act in concert w/ it?
-
est way to approach the many ways poetic line can operate is to first examine how poets actually use it.
KEY TO ANALYSIS
-