Despite the initiative of Gustavus Vassa (Olaudah Equiano) and an enormous effortof Granville Sharp to get the legal system to treat the event as a case of murder, notmerchandise, the case was not reopened.

British evangelicals – above all James Ramsay – during theperiod between 1783 and 1787.

hatever their achievements as catalysts, theFriends were to play their most significant role in British abolitionism as the coreorganisers of the London Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade in 1787 andas cadres of the provincial movement thereafter.16

divine disfavour nor any British faltering in the cause of liberty in com-parison with the new American republic

Price to the outcomeof the Quakers’ intervention: ‘Was not Parliament lately petitioned to prohibit theslave trade, did they show the least regard to the petition?’

Ministers still complimented their action, but ‘thought the time was not yet cometo bring the affair to maturity’. They still imagined that there was, as yet, little prospectof success

wrote a letter signed ‘A West Indian’ and published pamphlets anonymously, inorder to conceal their sponsorship. In other words, ‘with unusual guile’, they tried‘to create the impression that hostility to slavery was widespread’.1

Unfortu-nately, he replied, all Europe’s maritime powers had to make use of the African trade

tudent in London during the 1750s and 1760s, he was an early member of a London-based black community that in time produced a number of articulate critics of Atlantic slavery.

ess to participate in the violence on which the Company of Merchants' business depended and his comments on the harshness of the trade suggest that by the early 1790s he had become a firmer opponent of the slave trade.

articipate in military action against the African people of the town there, an event that resulted in "great slaughter and deves tation." Quaque refused on the grounds that his participation would have been "highly inconsistent and injurious to my Profession and the Station I hold in the African Committee's Service."

Quaque was willing to provide visitors to

antislavery figure, Quaque was cited as a source of information by men who testified before the House of Commons committee that investigated the slave tra

rs raised for the first time the possibility that the Society's long-standing acceptance of and involvement with slavery

This trip placed Quaque in London when the debates that gave rise to the Parliamentary campaign against the slave trade were becoming more heated. Quaque was likely exposed to these debates,

ublicly acknowl edging that the SPG's management of Codrington plantation had not produced large numbers of converts and lamenting Britain's leading role in the slave trade.85

emained entangled in the business of slavery. Despite his vehement response to Bass, 1775 was the year in which Quaque assumed temporary command at three English forts

sness of it and may we be diligent to put it in practice by encouraging the Heathen World to partake of the brightness of God's Glory and the precious Promises o

ptized a few Africans and Euro-Africans associated with the fort, his work never produced large-scale conversions to both his and the SPG's conster nation.

necessity has driven many promising youths to get their fortune by such way of traffi

noted that he had not yet achieved large numbers of conversions and reported, "the stir of religion and its everlasting recompense is not so much in vogue as the vicious practice of purchasing flesh and blood like oxens in market place

ughout Quaque's life the SPG invested prestige, effort, and money in operating the Codrington plantation on the premise that profits from enslaved labor and the conversions of enslaved people could be attained simultaneously. In

promote the diplomatic and strategic conditions in tended to maximize the trade in enslaved peop

que was an employee of the Company of Merchants, which intended all of Quaque's religious and educational efforts to serve the interests of slave traders in some measure

uaque's

ah Equiano is the best example of the way Methodism and Church of England membership overlapped in this period, and a new perspective on Quaque's education highlights the similarities between the two

42 GLASSON Chapel in the 1770s and went to various churches to listen to sermons by both Anglican and dissenting clergymen. In 1770 he reported that he was "half a Method

these individuals, and in many sites around the Atlantic world, Methodism became one of the primary expressions of a new form of black Christianity.60 The first benefit of establishing the connection be tween Quaque, Moore, and the segment of the Church of England sympathetic to religious revival and Methodism is that it repositions Quaque's religious ex periences closer to those of other free African-born people living around the British Atlantic in the mid- and late eighteenth century

's. Besides the strong possibility that Quaque was present for communications with the ghost, it is clear that Quaque and Cudjo were living with Moore in 1762 and therefore familiar with the religious scene that produced the varied responses to the ghost's k

embership in a Methodist society was in this period often an addition to, rather than a replacement for, participation in the rituals of the established churc

Such views of Methodism, summed up by Horace Walpole's arch observation that in the Cock Lane ghost the "the Methodists were glad to have such a key to the credulity of the mob,"

t for folk remedies, spiritual healing, a belief in witches, and other accommodations with popular religiosity distinguished Methodist sym pathizers from self-consciously orthodox, rationalist Anglicans

been Nothing else, but a senister view of getting from Me if possible, the little Income I have from the African Committee into his own Custody,

He was selected for education in England largely because he was a relative of Cudjoe Caboceer, a powerful figure at Cape Coast and an important African ally of the English.25

him, Moore had already cooperated with the Com pany of Merchants Trading to Africa in training ot

hostile to many aspects of African culture and lost his ability to speak his native languag

Cudjo had been "put out of the Reach of Instruction by a Lunacy." After a period at St. Luke's Hospital, he died at Guy's Hospital in September 1774, w

is Leiden doctoral thesis defended slavery's compatibility with Christianity.

ng ones." The eventuality did not come to pass because Cape Coast's African elites cooperated in the scheme that ultimately led to Quaque's education

hist to the black popu

willing to participate in

The Company of Merchants Trading to Africa, the organization that maintained Britain's African forts and facilitated British slave trading in the late eighteenth century, paid the other halves of their salaries for serving as chaplains to its employees

shed precedents in using travel and education to tie Atlantic populations more closely to Anglicanism and, often, to British military and comme

ue and his companions rested partly on the idea that "civilized" Africans might make good missionaries to their coun trymen, but they were not inspired by antipat

30 GLASSON the English slave traders who operated out of Cape Coast Castle. In 1754, Thomas Thompson (1708/9-73), the first missionary posted to Africa by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG, or the Society), sent Quaque and two other local boys to London for education. Neither of his compatriots survived to return to west Africa, but Quaque was educated for several years before being ordained and marrying an English woman, Catherine Blunt. In 1766 Quaque returned to Cape Coast

Quaque

Nor did the parliamentary discussion evoke any flurry of correspondence or edi-torials in the newspapers. When Gustavus Vassa (Olaudah Equiano) applied for theposition of missionary to Africa in 1779, his memorial mentioned nothing aboutthe abolition of the slave trade among his motives.

reluctantly

, vividly profound in her darkness

Malek Bouzelmat

he gazed out of the window and for once there was nobody else than himself, he had rather be in the world

lance at the positive response fro

A certain posting advertising the submission period of a literary journal had been on his mind for a few days now.

for this diffident eccentric. It almost seem

fingers would find a keyboard, typewriter or pen and paper thus entreating his mind to pr

subconsciously w

ls he was perusing, the world would be completely abstracted, and immovable as he was, the most violent jolts would leave him placid as a bronze statue. The impactful forces of the weather, the movements and noises produced by the neighbors, or the sounds emitted by the outside environment through the walls or windows of his apartment would not impress or distract him from this most important occupation. Insofar as he was concerned, this activity was conducted with as only aim, the purpose of mere distraction. The practical aspect of this activity had eluded him entirely.

Hours would follow themselves while he would be sitting at his desk, enclosed behind a cubicle, either staring at his computer screen, focused in apathetic resignation on the assignment he was working on, or gazing through the windows of the office, in absent daydreaming.

For a passionate person, creatively enlightened, illuminated by the magic glow of literature, desperately craving the novels he was consuming relentlessly during periods of leisure, this job of analysis and reporting was greatly depressing and even more so distressing

epartments of his company he had no contact with.

hose fictional beings were open-minded, passionate, and sincere in the most authentic way he had ever had the pleasure of knowing.

s they needed to be employed in incessant attempts to scour or rummage desperately in search of a better profession the likes of which would empower him with a sense of fulfilment and appreciation, aspects that were inexistent at his current position.

Deeply latent in the opaque fathomless depths of his mind was laying the unmistakable trut

Either the time to attain his vehicle proved too short to achieve this resolution, or the solution was not as obvious as one might think

solution to this conundrum that had become his daily burden

ould stand bewildered during a minute of hazy confusion, due to the prolonged period of sitting at his desk and the pernicious glaring light of the screen, to proceed turning off his computer and gathering his personal belongings to head in the direction of the exi

flee the violence of the wind, lashing any exposed skin or articles of clothing unmercifully.

Ines

‘Ricky’

just like him,

without the responsibilities of being a family ma

he autumnal rug was sticking to his boots, and the humidity made him shiver all the way down to his bones, but he was determined to get to the river and read to the late hour

One

his dump town’s woods. Most of the adults in the small town liked to drink lots of beer, or strong alcohol, and most of the boys his age were stoners, which bored Javier who liked to read and paint

and the lone wolf was released into the woods. Javier felt even more out of place than ever, moving from Toronto to a small town, except when he spent his weekends exploring the woods, and coming to the river, his only friend

difficulty connecting and trusting other boys.

He thought this was worth Javi hating him for the rest of his life, and Javier did hate his father for leavin

e. He didn’t take Javi with him

“Yeah... I’m glad I was here.” I just wish I had been there for him too.

I knew those thoughts weren’t directed at him.

emember his skin... patches of blue and purple all over his body... I remember his nose... and the cone of white froth that bubbled out of his nostrils... I remember his eyes... they were closed shut. Exactly like the last time I saw hi

knew the answer... But I needed him to say it.

announcing to my sisters that we have a baby brother via a Christmas card.

seventy-year-old father

h, and did I mention that he only lives twenty minutes away from me?

They may have forgiven him, but I certainly haven’t

She’s a mom, and has better things to do than be mad at our fathe

don’t have the best relationship with my father. I wouldn’t even call it a relationship. We barely text, let alone call

his was normally where I would swim up to the surface to get some air, but something told me not to. I wanted to stay underwater... I needed to stay underwater. I found it strangely comforting, not being able to breathe. I knew exactly what would happen to me if I drowned, and I closed my eyes to imagine it. Water would flood my lungs... my airway would close... I wouldn’t be able to make a sound. A few minutes without oxygen, and I’d lose consciousness. Breathing would stop... my heart would slow... I’d start to sink... And then I’d di

and I slipped. I missed the next couple of stairs and made a loud splash as I fell into the water. Hanging on to the railings was the only thing keeping my head above the surfa

let my back face the pool while I placed my feet on the first step. The water was cold. It only covered my ankles but I was inches away from changing my mind... When I looke

plain one-piece, the complete opposite of Alyssa’s floral bikini.

wore a black swimsuit underneath.

nd I also really missed being in the water... so I gave in

we’ve talked about this.

Actually, no. Maybe if they asked a few months ago. But not now... I don’t want be a lifeguard ever again. Speaking of lifeguards, I couldn’t see one anywher

ut I was more interested in keeping kids

wouldn’t have minded a summer fling, but my constant family drama made me too emotionally unavailable to sustain even a four-month relationship.

had been be

She is

xist theory emphasized collective con sciousness and struggle based on one's position in a social system; Lavrov stressed the role of a relatively privileged critically-thinking revolutionary van guard that had the duty to carry scientific ideas to the people. In

Prote

notes, Alexander II “escaped death seven times, and many regarded the news of an additional attempt with some indifference, assuming he would escape once more.”7 The events of 1 March 1881, when the People's Will was finally successful, showed just how misplaced that assumption, and the complacency it revealed, was

era remained at the table mixing chemi-cals and cutting up paraffin cans until 2:00 am, when she, too, retired for the evening.12

within the sanctity of his palace belied their limited membership and influence.

But in 1880 the loss of innocent lives did not dissuade the revolutionaries.Instead the People’s Will basked in the glow of unprecedented publicity.

Vera to obtain her com-rade the position by using her looks and charms to appeal to local authori-ties to give this job to her allegedly destitute acquaintance.

efore she left Russia for Switzerland, she had never ventured beyond her native province.

an effort to preserve solidarity within Land and Freedom, for the time being, the aspiring terrorists were satisfied when the propagandists conceded that their violently inclined counterparts could “continue the work of Solovev” with some measure of independence.25

miserable failure because the “bohemian” lifestyle of the Chaikovtsy drew so much attention that the police took notice. Subsequently, they set up their “headquarters apartment” in a working-class Petersburg neighborhood.

espite populism’s ideological emphasis on the peasant and the countryside, the physical and social environment in which the movement played out was not rural but urban.

not only under the influence of ideological and psychological motivations but also in spite of the influence of ideological and psychological motivations.

“Land and Freedom” split and disbanded in the summer of 1879, mainly over the question of whether or not to attempt regicide.

men made masterly use of the material culture of the other, manipulating goods associated with the Indian fashion to extend and preserve their influence on the Mohawk frontier

Ingredients

Nutrition Facts

A fe w year s late r anothe r print , ’ T h e H a p p y N e g r o ’ , r o m a n -ticized Afric a an d m o t h e r h o o d . A blac k m a n sing s tha t th e ’ w h i t e m a n ’ s j o y s ar e n o t lik e m i n e ’ , fo r a l t h o u g h ’ m e i s p o o r . . . m e is g a y ’

hink about your understanding of Equiano’s text

Assignment 3:

Assignment 1:

Essay in Three

Louis Tucker'

In the other hand, she took the eggs by slipping her fingers under the string that bound them

"Maybe it doesn't want to die

The man in a leather apron was just about to cut the chicken's throat. The man in the apron took a knife

Even she did not know just why she acted in this way.

always

The rabbits just cowered in the corners of their cages twitching their nose

She saw a blackened peppermint someone had probably dropped and kicked, sending it skidding under the wooden legs of the counte

keeled

You see,

which was dotted with little specks of blood

thumb and forefinge

From a distance,

A succession of loud and shrill screams, bursting suddenly from the throat of the chained form, seemed to thrust me violently back. For a brief moment I hesitated—I trembled. Unsheathing my rapier, I began to grope with it about the recess;

rowel

Nemo me impune lacessit

He raised it to his lips with a leer. He paused and nodded to me familiarly, while his bells jingled.

you are happy, as once I was

hese orders were sufficient, I well knew, to insure their immediate disappearance, one and all, as soon as my back was turn

a bargain.” “Amontillado!” “I have my doubts.” “Amontillado!” “And I must satisfy them.” “Amontillado!”

You

E thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge.

And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. Of all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi

He enfolded his Della.

She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear friends—a mammoth task.

properly proclaiming its value by substance alone and not by meretricious ornamentation—

Oh, and the next two hours tripped by on rosy wings. Forget the hashed metaphor. She was ransacking the stores for Jim’s present.

Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass.

, take a look at the hom

nd the next day would be Christmas

ur proposal is consistent with the historical clinical descriptions, estimated death rates, importation and distribution of its reservoir host, inoculation of the agent in multiple suitable nidalities, spread to other mammalian reservoirs, hyperendemicity, ecologic factors favoring repeated exposure and transmission, and known high-risk activities of the indigenous population.

entire families to enter sweat lodges followed by immediate immersion in cooling streams and ponds; sweat lodges were considered vivifiers and cure-alls for illnesses, a practice that may have reexposed the already ill to contaminated water.

Attendance of the ill and burial of the dead (including those who died from Weil syndrome) would have attracted others who shared local food, water, and camp grounds. I

reemerging infection with identifiable risk factors, including immersion in fresh water, exposure to contaminated soil, and antecedent heavy rains

ellow fever is not a plausible explanation given the routes of the trans-Atlantic slave trade at the time.

e, yet he cited Gookin from 1674: “I have discoursed with old Indians, who were then youths, who say that the bodies all over were exceedingly yellow, describing it by a yellow garment they showed me, both before they died and afterwards.” T

Fresh and stored food

he black rat and mice were universal companions on ships and must have established themselves early on the coastal mainland, seeking harborage in and around Native American households.

o estimates

Salisbury estimated that the size of the Patuxet tribe before the epidemic was 2,000.

ng the coast”

presence of favorable ecologic niches

ustoms that may have been instrumental to the near annihilation of Native Americans, which facilitated successful colonization of the Massachusetts Bay area.

leptospirosis complicated by Weil syndrome

water to drink, nor any to bury the dead

When they turn them, a whole side will flay off at once as it were, and they will be all of a gore blood, most fearful to behold.

F · I d · · d ch •1 1 a1 e · or It P e ase God to v1 s1t these Indians with a orea t s ickness an su mortality that of a thous and

G ods hand hath so pur-sued them, as for 300 miles space, the greatest parte of them are swept awaye by the small poxe

vember 3: came now home, havinge lost themselves & endured muche miserye. they en.formed us, that the small poxe was gone as farr as any Indian plantation was knowne to the we st & muche people dead of it. by reason wherof they could have no trade.

cured by suche meanes as they had rom us. Were kept by the English

f great store of raine, and some cold northerly windes bloweinge with all, in a moment, and when noe man durst so much as hope for so happy a tume, thes mightie armies of ravenous ratts are clean taken awaye,

first brought in by the runne away frigate from the West Indies,

Rats

ut him in the company of other more conservative Russian noblemen who may at one time have themselves shared the conspirators’ ideas but quickly realized how mistaken they were to have attempted to promote them by recourse to violence. This was in any case certainly the position of the majority of the Russian nobility.

cording to Turgenev, the members of the first ‘German-style’ secret societies intended merely to promote the government's own reformist indications,

hat is the sudden kind that occurred in France; he wrote, explaining that he understood revolution in Russia to mean: ‘progressive changes for the good of all, which should take place, ‘slowly, step by step, under the government’s direction, with the citizenry doing only what they could for it

‘infectious disease; or ‘a French sickness, which Russian officers brought back with them from the West:

Decembrists without Dec

ll him how many estates (sosloviia) there were in Russia. ‘I had the audacity to reply: two - despots and slaves’

civil

fulfil my duty solely out of love for the fatherland.

prisons and corners of London are full of decayed marchantes overthrowen by losse at sea, by usuerers,96 suerti-shippe and by sondry other suche meanes, and dare or cannott for their debtes shewe their faces, and in truthe many excellent giftes be in many of these men, and their goodd giftes are not ymployed to any manner of use, nor are not like of themselves to procure libertie to employe them-selves.

to kepe men occupied from worse cogitations, and to raise their myndes to courage and highe enterprizes and to make them lesse careles for the better shonnynge88

hat there be appointed one or twoo preachers for the voyadge that God may be honoured, the people instructed, mutinies the better avoided, and obedience the better used, that the voyadge may have the better successe

ak

VISIONS INCIDENT TO THE FIRSTE TRAFICQUE AND TRADE OF MARCHANDIZ

gainste Savages.

ROVISIONS TENDINGE TO FORCE

utchers. Salters and seasoners of vittell. Saltemakers. Cookes. Bakers. Brewer

nnot live for another as in all places they doe, Thi

ot able to live in England may there be raised againe, and doo their Contrie goodd service

clothe kepe the maryner from ydlene

r Majestie and her sub-jectes may bothe enjoye the tr~asure of the mynes of golde and silver, and the whole trade and all the gaine of the trade of marchandize that nowe passeth thither by the Spaniarde

ll seate upon that firme of America, and shalbe reported throughoute all that tracte to use the naturall people there with all humanitie, curtesie, and freedome

England plante sincere relligion, and provide a safe and a sure place to receave people from all partes of the worlde that are forced to flee for the truthe of gods worde.

thoute sworde drawen, wee shall cutt the combe26 of the frenche, of the spanishe, of the portingale, and of enemies, and of doubtful! frendes to the abatinge of their wealthe and force, and to the greater savinge of the wealthe of the Realme

by husbandrie and by thousandes of thinges there to be don, infinite nombers of the english nation may be sett on worke to the unburdenynge of the Realme with many that nowe lyve chardgeable to the state at home

all chaunge many cheape com-modities of these partes, for thinges of highe valour there not esteme

Norumbega forren princes cus-tomes are avoided, and the forren commodities cheapely purchased, they become cheape to the subjectes of England to the comm