How, generally, do the colonists view people of the Powhatan Confederacy? Colonist generally view people of the Powhatan Confederacy as savages who had used all of the English supplies, eaten at their tables, and stayed in their homes; and then turned around and attacked them. The English, however, as mentioned in the text, encroached on Powhatan's land.

After the attack, what does Waterhouse feel the colonists are free to do? After the attacks, Waterhouse suggests the colonists are free to take over the land (without fairness), and "destroy them who sought to destroy us".

dour: relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance.

killjoy: a person who deliberately spoils the enjoyment of others through resentful or overly sober behavior.

Both definitions sourced to Google.

Were the Europeans not the real savages?

Tobacco was the cause for slavery in the Atlantic plantations as well.

Aside from migrating to Virginia, were there any other catches to the 50 acres?

I can't even imagine a sense of desperation so intense.

Powhatan's people spoke an entirely different language, did they teach the Europeans' the native language, and vice versa?

Native Americans were clearly not far behind in regards to advancements; I wonder, if their population numbers met that of the Europeans, how would the outcome have differed?

Vagabong: a person who wanders from place to place without a home or job. (as defined by Google)

In what way would The New World provide an escape for the vagabonds? Was it an easy way to get rid of them? Were they going to use them for work?

Could this go back to the Genesis reading, where God speaks of "dominion", but clearly in a more extreme sense?

How do the English colonists view themselves? What early difficulties do they face and how are they viewed by Powhatan? English colonists view themselves as superior. Early difficulties they face include: resistance from Native Americans; investors wanting quick profits while profits were slow; and financial struggles that caused conflict between settlers. Powhatan viewed the English as potential allies in his attempt to hold authority.

What role does tobacco play in establishing the Virginia colony? What tensions arise due to this crop? Tobacco plays a role in establishing the Virginia colony because it became such a large cash crop. Tensions that arose due to this crop included the need for more and more land and the need for laborers.

Who are the Puritans and what is their criticism of the Church of England? Puritans were those who wanted to abolish the church of hierarchy, free the church of political interference, and create a stricter memberships.

Wasn't the Fountain of Youth thought to have been in St. Augustine?

It seems so wrong that a leader would sell his own people.

Massive expansion and a lust for riches, once again Europeans overstepped their boundaries.

It seems that King Affonso may have allowed the Portuguese to enslave his subjects at first without knowing the possible repercussions. As the saying goes, "if you give an inch, they'll take a mile". In addition, the Portuguese began kidnapping the people, including noblemen. After seeing all that was happening, King Affonso must have came to a realization that there was something wrong, leading to his request for regulations.

This definitely reiterates what we've read throughout recent text; the goal was riches, whatever the cost.

Sacred Valley in Peru.

The top image is the Templo Mayor ruins in Mexico City. The bottom image is a drawing of what Templo Mayor looked like. I thought these were interesting.

This is an image I found on the internet of the five classes of people in New Spain.

What were the goals of the Spanish (individually and as a nation) in establishing an empire in the Americas? In religious regards, the goal of the Spanish was to win the land and people for the Catholic church, as mentioned in the lecture. In regards to power and expansion, the goal was to gain power over the Americas (central and southern) and to seek out the fortunes that were rumored to be there.

In the biological exchange between Europeans and Native Americans, what diseases, plants, and animals were exchanged? The diseases exchanged from Europeans to Native Americans included smallpox, influenza, and measles. Plants and animals exchanged between Europeans and Native Americans include: large, domesticated animals; corns, beans, squash, and potatoes; and tobacco plants.

What are the ways that European powers claim their right to claim land in the Americas? The ways that Europeans claim their right to claim land in the Americas include: authority extended by the pope; claims of discovery of the land; claiming they commandeered the land from the previous people; occupying the land; and improving the land.

How did human beings arrive in the world? In this story, human beings arrived in the world because the Chief in what is now heaven, had tried healing his ill daughter. During this, a young boy shoved the daughter into the hole in which they were digging up a fruit bearing tree. She then gave birth to her daughter in the world, who then gave birth to twin boys.

How were animals helpful? Animals were helpful in that they brought food to the future humans.

What did twins do to create the world? To create the world, the twins separated and created their own portion. They then took turns showing one another what each had created. Upon disagreeing on each other's creations, they begin to fight (to the death), and Djuskaha killed Othagwenda, his twin brother.

Also, what is the difference between the relationship between animals and humans in this story and the Christian origin story? The difference between the relationship between animals and human in this story and the Christian origin story is that in this story, humans live in somewhat balance with one another, as the twins disagreed on quite a few of each others creations, making it not so easy to live; whereas in the Christian origin story, humans are dominant over all life on earth.

Has the grandmother now changed her feelings towards her shunned grandson?

Was the young man punished for shoving the Chief's daughter into the hole? Also, did this cause the Chief and his daughter to lose contact with one another? As he is not mentioned in the rest of the text.

This story reminds me of something similar (to an extent) Noah's Arc.

Aside from the obvious, as the text later mentions what the items are for, I'm curious, what is the significance of the items? For example, why a gold chain? Why a snail shell? Why does it have to be a white hen and a black cat? Why the palm nut as apposed to other trees?

God created humans with dominion over everything living on earth, and we have destroyed it at alarming rates.

God didn't create day and night with intention of good or evil, positive or negative. He provided both day and night with light to rule them, and he did so with the intention that it was good.

Knowing the outcome, this quote looks much less like Columbus is holding the Arawaks in high regard, but more so confirming what Columbus later reports that "they can all be subjugated and made to do what is required of them".

Portugal advanced in maritime technology through use of caravels and astrolabes. What advancements in technology, aside from mastering the caravel, did Spain accomplish?

Pueblo Bonito ruins.

With a population of only 15,000 people, the creation of such a massive building for that time is impressive. Especially considering the tools used at the time, as well as the building material (adobe clay). Not to mention that this was not the only building.

This can relate even to modern day social status, as the higher up on a hill a property lies, the more expensive it tends to be.

While I can see why their bodies may have suffered from agricultural work due to stress on the body and repetitive motion, what caused the damage specifically to bones and teeth? In addition, are these symptoms found in modern day farmers?

I find it amazing that the nomadic hunter-gatherers traveled in small groups, but followed these massive creatures. Looking at this photo of the size comparisons, I can only imagine what it must have been like to hunt them.