It’s now up to us to choose who we want to be over the next 15 years, and for decades to come.

our economy is growing and creating jobs at the fastest pace since 1999.

15 years that dawned with terror touching our shores;

It’s now up to us to choose who we want to be over the next 15 years and for decades to come.

our economy is growing and creating jobs at the fastest pace since 1999. 

instructively

The outbound piece depends on Tantek Çelik‘s “POSSE,” which stands for “Publish (on your) Own Site, Syndicate Elsewhere. Getting the comments, likes, favorites and other responses back depends on Ryan Barrett‘s Bridgy.

Simple: We’re in danger of losing what’s made the Internet the most important medium in history – a decentralized platform where the people at the edges of the networks – that would be you and me – don’t need permission to communicate, create and innovate.

Why associate myself with Reverend Wright in the first place, they may ask?

National Constitution Center

the spring of 1787.

In South Carolina, where the Confederate Flag still flies,

March 18, 2008

Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States

Your articles and status messages can go to all services, not just one

When you post something on the web, it should belong to you, not a corporation.

Occasionally he inserts a comment of his own, either linking it into the main trail or joining it by a side trail to a particular item.

There is a new profession of trail blazers, those who find delight in the task of establishing useful trails through the enormous mass of the common record. The inheritance from the master becomes, not only his additions to the world's record, but for his disciples the entire scaffolding by which they were erected.

He can add marginal notes and comments

A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.

Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified.

What has become distinctive now is the extreme rapidity of searching one’s own marginalia,

each of these three abilities are still fundamental to the way we interact online with text, images, sound, and video. They can also be invaluable aspects of web writing for the liberal arts.

The importance of collaboration is incorporated into Mellon’s initiative. In an added twist, the foundation required the university presses interested in the program to find a partner -- such as a research library, a museum or an organization already involved in providing digital publishing services -- before applying.

pre- and post-publication peer review;

the interaction of the publication on the Web with primary sources and other related materials

editing

The foundation’s proposed solution is for groups of university presses to work together on testing new business models for publishing digital works, or tackle any of the moving parts that task is comprised of, including

Nina Wasserman

Journal editors who want to save time on needless formatting and copy editing should be able to provide their authors with a formatting template which takes care of the typesetting minutia.

At the very least, your files will always remain comprehensible to you, even if the editor you are currently using stops working or “goes out of business.”

difficult to search, to print, and to convert into other file

what you see is not what you get.

many authors base their practice on proprietary tools and formats that sometimes fall short of even the most basic requirements of scholarly writing.

To jump-start interest in the annotation program, arXiv has been converting mentions of its articles in external blog posts (called trackbacks) into annotations that are visible on an article's abstract page when using Hypothes.is.

create their own annotation reader or writer — just as anyone can create their own web browser using standards-based technology.

However, annotations are visible only to users on those sites. Other annotation services, such as A.nnotate or Google Docs, require users to upload documents to cloud-computing servers to make shared annotations and comments on them.

not clear that researchers — who have proved reluctant in repeated trials to comment on published articles — will take to annotation, even if they can share their comments privately.

support for additional end-user scholarly communication tools such as annotation services

Recent Mellon Grants –building capabilities:◦Expand existing distribution business into publishing services platform (UNC Press)◦Portal for art & architectural history content (Yale U Press)◦Peer review for born-digital content (Stanford U Press)◦Open access digital monographs (U California Press)◦Mixed-media digital publishing platform (WVU)◦Manage Monographic Source Materials (U Michigan Press)◦Iterative Monographs Platoform(U Minnesota Press)◦Networked Monographs Infrastructure (NYU Press)

He and his colleagues are keenly interested in the ability to annotate scholarship online, he says; Mellon has made serious investments in annotation tools and the development of open annotation standards by the university community and projects like Hypothes.is, which just received a two-year, $752,000 grant from the foundation to look into digital annotation in humanities and social-science scholarship.

a major report on cyberinfrastructure, "Our Cultural Commonwealth," underwritten by Mellon and published in 2006, was used by the NEH "as a blueprint" in forming its Office of Digital Humanities, says Brett Bobley, the director of that office.

Although it defends the persistent value of the humanities, Mellon also champions the idea that they must change with the times.

including the papers of the Founding Fathers,

the foundation is widely admired for using its money and clout to reinforce the idea that, in an age of "disruption" and the veneration of science and technology, "the humanities and the arts are central to any life that one should want to live," as Mellon’s then-president, Don M. Randel, wrote in his 2012 annual report.

in turn

“We’re developing a social network that is specifically around close-reading texts,” said Jeremy Dean of Rap Genius.

“I’m a Ph.D. in English,” Mr. Dean said. “I just started working here a month ago. I don’t have a great answer to that.”

Don’t be evil. We believe strongly that in the long term, we will be better served—as shareholders and in all other ways—by a company that does good things for the world even if we forgo some short term gains.

Our search results are the best we know how to produce.

the goal is to seek knowledge and experience wherever it is vested and most easily accessed. Where does the knowledge and experience of literature occur? It occurs distributed through combinations of authors, documents, readers, and scholar-critics—that is, in the social networks of all the above.

A successful online reading environment would integrate social networking tools in a way that extends readers’ existing strategies.”

make central the social environment of literature.

coffee house model of public reading and debate

Scholarship, equipped with Web 2.0, becomes a fully social act.

conversation” (432).31

‘review of the reviews’ (with reviewers weighing in on the issues raised by others),

brings in more voices

forming communities of discourse around discrete zones of text.

socially computed reading may even experimentally deform literature to discover new truths about the significance of literature.

After setting up pseudonymous Facebook accounts for twenty-one characters in the play

Consider, to start with, the way that social-computing technologies are beginning to be used to experience—that is, to read, perform, and communicate (overlapping with “analyze” and “interpret”)—primary literature.

Figure 6. Post of 4 September 2007 from Robin Hunicke’s blog Gewgaw. The full, scrollable length of this post, including the sidebar, is here split in two for static display.

by adding what can be generalized as a margin

Or consider such recent historians of the book as Ann Blair and William Sherman, who study annotation practices—for example, notes scribbled in the margins of a manuscript or book—to witness a whole zone of literary activity that is undecidably readerly and writerly.

readers inevitably make their own meanings.

Meanwhile, in almost exactly the same decades that the Internet arose and eventually evolved social computing, literary scholarship followed similar principles of decentralization to evolve cultural criticism.7

online commerce sites wanted customers to write in credit card numbers, mailing addresses, product reviews, and so on.

author now really did require technical assistance,

so readers used their version of Web forms

not just generally to ICT (information and communication technologies) but specifically to social-computing technologies

the contemporary form of the human need to say something well (memorably, persuasively, movingly, beautifully, wittily, and so on) to someone else.

traditional narrative time line vanishes

Of course, through print's long history, there have been countless strategies to counter the line's power, from marginalia and footnotes

Marginalia — with its social thrill of shared immersion — is what the culture is moving toward, not away from. We are living increasingly in a culture of response. Twitter is basically electronic marginalia on everything in the world: jokes, sports, revolutions.

You could even “subscribe” to your favorite critic’s marginalia

the ability to import not just your friends’ notes but notes from all of history’s most interesting book markers.

public note sharing for the Kindle — Coleridgean fantasy software that will make your friends’ notes appear (if you want them to) directly on your own books.

a grand vision of the future of social reading. I imagined a stack of transparent, margin-size plastic strips containing all of my notes from “Infinite Jest.” These, I thought, could be passed out to my friends, who would paste them into their own copies of the book and then, in turn, give me their marginalia strips, which I would paste into my copy, and we’d all have a big virtual orgy of never-ending literary communion.

What I really want is someone rolling around in the text. I want noticing.

might end up serving equally well as a bridge between online and literary culture, between focus and distraction:

Yet books are curious objects: their strength is to be both intensely private and intensely social — and marginalia is a natural bridge between these two states.

Old-school marginalia was — to put it into contemporary cultural terms — a kind of slow-motion, long-form Twitter, or a statusless, meaning-soaked Facebook, or an analog, object-based G-chat.

According to the marginalia scholar H. J. Jackson, the golden age of marginalia lasted from roughly 1700 to 1820. The practice, back then, was surprisingly social

recent wave of public teeth-gnashing about the future of marginal notes.

Texts that really grabbed me got full-blown essays (sideways, upside-down, diagonal) in the margins.

a way to not just passively read but to fully enter a text, to collaborate with it, to mingle with an author on some kind of primary textual plane.

marking up books, I’m pretty sure, is one of the Seven Undying Cornerstones of Highly Effective College Studying.

The author argued that you didn’t truly own a book (spiritually, intellectually) until you had marked it up.

It is not possible to "capture" your notes and highlights, to organize, compile, arrange, or to print them out. Until there is a seamless way to do this, marginalia will remain sequestered in the margins, and the promise of electronic books will be unrealized"

One of the great things about the new Web is that you can manipulate text, but the iPad treats you like a child.

we should carry the annotations to the readers, to whatever version of the text (print, online) they happen to have in front of them. Ideas of how to do so are currently being developed.

As Wido van Peursen has pointed out, “In the digital age, annotation is a completely new field, which includes not only traditional scholarly commentary, but also social tagging, blog comments, and comments solicited via specialised software” (20).

textual comprehension that is transhistorical, transcultural, and transgeneric.

textual comprehension and “reading literacy” as a key competence.18

The Text and Its Communicative Context

Comprehension does not mean the passive perusal of a text but rather the appropriation of that text in the readerly practice—for instance, when readers link the text to their personal experiences or situations in life. Because annotation usually provides readers with an interpretation not of a complete text but of its particular aspects, the active participation of readers is enhanced.

Literary texts, which are not usually pragmatic in any specified sense, are so positioned through annotation.

ongoing working platform.

To address situational needs, we have arranged annotations on three levels: brief information (a survey, pointers); more detailed information, including facts and figures; and scholarly context (ideas for future research, indications of debates).

What is at stake is to find a definition of annotation in its explanatory sense and its relation to interpretation (see the definition of annotation vs. discursive comment in Zafrin 209; Zons).

All too often, textual notes are nothing but “the enrichment of a text by information that is in the head of the human researcher” (Peursen 12).

Such integration allows for a creative and individual annotation that is productive for a reader

how to balance the notion of an open and readerly text (as emphasized by Spiro [24]; see also Gervais; Klemm; and Vandendorpe) with hermeneutical principles

since we get instant feedback from our readers about the text and explanatory notes

Different texts and readers need different annotations and different kinds of annotation, and the digital medium can meet those needs more easily than the print medium.11

annotations serve to transmit knowledge and understanding about texts and their content.

What kinds of styles or genres require explanation?

how readerly comprehension of texts may be enhanced

New forms of collaboration made possible by the digital medium sharpen the theoretical question of how explanatory authority is established.

building and maintaining communities that inspire and sustain participation.

If one loves literature, I think, one now has to be willing to go speculatively where the language of passionate life goes, especially among the young, who will carry on the cool literary adventure.17

it is there in the epic of all the social-news, shared-bookmark, or similar sites that build a portrait of collective life from constantly reshuffled excerpts, links, and tags from that life akin to Homeric formulae.

at present only a colloquial approximation (if that) of high literate language or literary sensibility.

the stake for literary studies in the digital age is not first of all technological. It is to follow the living language of human thought, hope, love, desire—and hate too—wherever it goes and wherever it has the capacity to be literary, even if the form, style, or grammar of such literariness does not always conform to canonical standards.

Why should contemporary literary scholarship take an interest in contemporary social computing? How should it take an interest?

The real action is in the sidebar that unfurls

repopulate the sparse, lite model of literary activity

redistributed the weights in the core circuit of literary social activity

Today, the margin is the “sidebar” of such social-computing sites as blogs, where all the blog rolls, track-backs, and other signs of the vitality of communal communications manifest.

annotators,

common will to decentralize or democratize the traditional understanding of literary sociality I above called the core circuit of “authors, publishers, readers (and interpreters) mediated by documents”

What writers thought they were doing in writing texts, or printers and booksellers in designing and publishing them, or readers in making sense of them are issues which no history of the book can evade.

balladmongers

the new-historicist dream of jaywalking or being a hyperactive subject

Make it open source, cheap, and true alternatives to the pre-packaged learning management systems that had hijacked innovation.

a tool to think with, not a tool to publish with.

You could build these sort of systems in WordPress, Pinboard, Scalar, whatever.

And immediately you are notified of all pages named this, and presented with a list of pages those pages link to.

conversation

There’s a billion people posting what they think about crap on Facebook. There’s about 31,000 active wikipedians that hold English Wikipedia together. That’s about the population of Stanford University, students, faculty and staff combined, for the entire English speaking world. We should be ashamed. We really should.

In 2015, out of nowhere, we saw web annotation break into the mainstream. This is a garden technology that has risen and fallen so many times, and suddenly people just get it. Suddenly web annotation, which used to be hard to explain, makes sense to people. When that sort of thing happens culturally it’s worth looking closely at.

The web not as a reconfigurable model of understanding but of sealed shut presentations.

conversational trail (a sort of “read this if you want to understand what I am riffing on” link) instead of associations of ideas.

The majority of links in the memex are made by readers, not writers. On the world wide web of course, only an author gets to determine links.

link here is not part of the author’s intent, but of the reader’s analysis.

Thus he builds a trail of his interest through the maze of materials available to him.

In the stream metaphor you don’t experience the Stream by walking around it and looking at it, or following it to its end. You jump in and let it flow past. You feel the force of it hit you as things float by.

“web as space”

the garden and the stream

the predominant form of the social web — that amalgam of blogging, Twitter, Facebook, forums, Reddit, Instagram — is an impoverished model for learning and research and that our survival as a species depends on us getting past the sweet, salty fat of “the web as conversation” and on to something more timeless, integrative, iterative, something less personal and less self-assertive, something more solitary yet more connected.

the way in which we collaborate on the web,

simple knowledge that builds complexity through linking.

how does annotation affect the way readers read and understand a text?

but literary texts work differently.

the practice of annotation was rather difficult, because of the lack of a theory of literary annotation.

establish certain methodologies, which will in turn require some conceptual clarification as to why a text should be annotated—in other words, a theory of annotation

student peer-learning project

explanatory annotation

establishes or promotes specific interpretations.

Commentary as a practice of annotation that not only helps readers comprehend a text but also facilitates its critical evaluation elucidates the relevance of the text for a particular readership and establishes or promotes specific interpretations.

Whipping Boys Explained: Literary Annotation and Digital Humanities

Commentary

commentary aims at situating a text and its objects communicatively through explanation.

OER even found support at the federal level in 2015, with the US Department of Education hiring Andy Marcinek in September to be its first ever “open education adviser”

a resistance to the mainstream ed-tech industry, suspicion about institutional power, a DIY sensibility.

Caulfield’s keynote: “The Garden and the Stream: A Technopastoral.”

“templated self.”

University of Mary Washington, but at Davidson College, the University of Oklahoma, Brigham Young University, and elsewhere – including high schools.

thanks to Indie Web startups like Known and Hypothes.is,

it supports students and teachers and schools in managing their own infrastructure, their own labor, their own data.

The principles of IndieWebCamp,

“learn-to-code” efforts (which as I’ve argued elsewhere are more about what employers want than they are about what students need).

ed-tech as data-extraction, control, surveillance, privatization, and profiteering

But I remain inside Facebook, and it continues to broadcast what I might like.

Are we witnessing a decline of reading on the web in favour of watching and listening?

When Facebook can know us better than our parents with only 150 likes, and better than our spouses with 300 likes, the world appears quite predictable, both for governments and for businesses.

what about the unique web address for my social network profile?

I might be able to download my posts

That’s how Isis is recruiting and growing.

Algorithms have picked everything for you. According to what you or your friends have read or seen before, they predict what you might like to see. It feels great not to waste time in finding interesting things on so many websites. But what are we exchanging for efficiency?

Apps like Instagram are blind, or almost blind.

in the world of webpages, gaze functions differently: it is more empowering.

cul-de-sacs of social media

But links are not objects, they are relations between objects. This objectivisation has stripped hyperlinks of their immense powers.

The hyperlink was a way to abandon centralisation – all the links, lines and hierarchies – and replace them with something more distributed, a system of nodes and networks.

There were no real apps, certainly not how we think of them today. There was no Instagram, no SnapChat, WhatsApp. Instead, there was the web, and on the web, there were blogs: the best place to find alternative thoughts, news and analysis.

An influx of new, shamelessly luxurious condos had replaced the charming little houses I was familiar with.

it is easier to read Ulysses than it is to read the Internet.

The stream is winding its way throughout the Web and organizing it by nowness."

Works everywhere that learning takes place

community Diigo group.

"Read a lot in the writings that were part of the early stages of the design of the Internet," Campbell said. "It's very aspirational stuff. There were dreams that were at the heart of what formed this digital environment." Reaching back to the Internet's earliest days, he noted, will help higher education advocates understand that the culture of a university should be about more than content or course delivery.

"between-ness centrality" — those individuals who become "hubs" and connect with others on a frequency that's greater than others, becoming, in some ways, "poster people" for integrated thinking and connective learning.

how many connections are made through a Twitter stream at the beginning of a course as opposed to the end of the course?

the way the instructor's presence could be made almost tangible within the environment

"We're trying to make the network explicit," he said, "to help students demonstrate the connections they're making as they move through curriculum, as they begin to get these higher-order thinking skills."

e-portfolio, documenting their work

students to continue to use the blogs, Web sites and social media tools as they advance through their collegiate careers.

"Rampages" (named after VCU's mascot, the Ram)

tweeting

the hostile environments so many experience when it comes to experimenting locally with ed-tech versus an almost infantile trust in our corporate overlords when it comes to outsourcing.

little to no impact on the tech giants to which many K-12 schools, colleges, and universities blissfully outsource their innovation.

What constitutes an education record is a bit blurry, making FERPA the bat it has become internally to shut down most conversations about sharing publicly on the web.

Learn to take ownership and control over the content you put on the web instead of handing it to third-party publishers.