an ongoing adaptation

Each of these transformationsspawns (or generates) new centers, which fit in a natural way into the system of centers already in existence, and supportsthe wholeness which was there initially.

a general-purpose dithering engine

32bpp

Visualization of the 256x256 Hilbert curve by making pixels brighter the later they are visited by the curve.

To quantize the current pixel, the last nnn quantization errors are added to the current pixel with weights given in the diffusion sequence. In the article they use an exponential falloff for the weights — the previous pixel’s quantization error getting a weight of 1, the oldest quantization error in the list a small, chosen weight rrr.

Limiting the number of pixels a single pixel can influence together with the organic look

generators.

Atkinson Dithering.

it doesn’t diffuse the entire error to neighboring pixels, increasing the perceived contrast of the image.

error diffusion algorithms that we won’t touch on in this post is that they can handle arbitrary color palettes, while ordered dithering requires your color palette to be evenly spaced.

convolution (which is the underlying operation of a Gaussian blur) has to loop over each field of the Gaussian kernel for each pixel in the image. However, if you convert both the image as well as the Gaussian kernel to the frequency domain (using one of the many Fast Fourier Transform algorithms), convolution becomes an element-wise multiplication.

a promising optimization would be to apply the Gaussian Blur not in the spatial domain but in the frequency domain instead.

Afterwards, every pixel gets a number between 0 and n (where n is the total number of pixels) according to their importance for forming clusters and voids.

deterministic and parallelizable per pixel

equivalent:

“gamma correction”.

information acquisition, informationanalysis, decision selection, and action imple-mentation

with virtual teams trust does notprogress as it does with traditional teams, inwhich different types of trust emerge in stages;instead, all types of trust emerge at the beginningof the relationship

the attitude that anagent will help achieve an individual’s goals ina situation characterized by uncertainty andvulnerability.

With Bentham’s plan for prison architecture, we can see how light, shad-ows, mirrors, and walls are all employed in ways that are meant to engen-der in many a prisoner a certain self- discipline under the threat of external observation, as was its intended function.

“No matter how different, or even opposite the purpose: whether it be t

“glance from center to periphery.”11

“seeing ma-chine,”

Pastoral power is a power that is individualizing, beneficent, and “essentially exercised over a multi-plicity in movement.”5

MadeleineAkrich.1992.TheDe-ScriptionofTechnicalObjects.InShapingtechnology/BuildingSociety:StudiesinSociotechnicalChange,WiebeE.BijkerandJohnLaw(Eds.).

2.3.2Human-TechnologyRelations:

Hemmenttetal.callforartistic,designerlypracticesofrevealingthe“distor-tionsinthewaysinwhichalgorithmsmakesenseoftheworld”[29];yetdonotoutlinehowthismayrelatetoexistingdesignre-searchmethodologiesaswellasactualMLtechnologies.

RedströmandWiltsefurtherinterrogatehowuserinteractionsaretiedtoinfrastructuralfunctions,andoutlinehow“surface-levelsimplicity”ofinteractionssuchaspressingplayinSpotifybelie“dynamic,sophisticated,andhiddenbackendcomplexity”[61].

integrativeprototypingmethodsrefectingboth“MLstatisticalintelligenceandhumancommonsenseintelligence”[10]aremissinginthefeld.

un-certaintyandindeterminacy

a“regions-of-error”techniqueshowingthemodeluncertaintyofpredictions[30].Similarly,Kinkeldeyetal.usealandscapemetaphorinaclustervisualization,indicatingthroughagrey-scaletopographyhowcertaintheclusteringmodelisaboutthemembershipofeachindividualpointbytheirlocationin“peaksorslopes”[36].

opacity:aseachvariablesuchasapixeliscomputedasavectorinrelationtoallothervariables,

robust“annotations”[14,25]

Theprincipalargu-mentofpost-phenomenologyisthattechnologiesactivelymediatehumanrelationstotheworld[33]:

“statisticalintelligence”[10]

a logical and consistent basis for design,

Optionally, install defusedxml for Pillow to read XMP data, and olefile for Pillow to read FPX and MIC images:

Some additional dependencies are required to access all example datasets in skimage.data. Install them using: python -m pip install -U scikit-image[data]

vsketch uses Poetry as project manager.

Installing plug-ins

has yet to ever produce a single manifesto

Based on this information, theteacherthenmadearichinferenceaboutthelatent,under-lyingcauseof the behavior, and responded with supportand flexibility that an AI tutor could not provide

BISE

two distincttypes of cognitive procedures

The general rationale behind the idea of Hybrid Intelli-gence is that humans and computers have complementarycapabilities that can be combined to augment each other.

if traditional incentives ofmicro-tasking platforms (e.g., monetary reward) or onlinecommunities (e.g., social rewards) are sufficient

Ensuring interpretability and transparency of machinelearning models while maintaining accuracy

goals are not necessarily alwaysaligned to achieve the common goal

complex goals

co-evolve

the nature of automobiles

quantizes

Here physicists and social scientists are using network theories and algorithms to model, mine, and understand these processes.

transparency

sharers

PARC

participation levels.

Web 2.0social software

social tagging behavior in del.icio.us

plotted images will keep their smooth, continuous lines without becoming blocky or jagged.

Plotters are essentially robot line-drawing machines. Given a list of lines and curves, a plotter will physically move a pen around a piece of paper and draw each one.

“How to make generative art feel natural” by Ben Kovach and “Intellectualism Hurts Generative Art” by Tyler Hobbs.

men will set the goals, formulate the hypotheses, determine the criteria, and perform the evaluations.

Salvador Dalí's "Persistence of Memory".

the book’s arguments?

we found that every one of our transient can-didates are matched to dozens of GRBs within their 2σerror circle. Therefore, we cannot reliably claim thatany of the GRB matches are real associations

To clarify the difference between a theoretical and conceptual model, Camp (2001) pointed out that a theoretical framework is based on an already established theory (or theories) in the literature, which has been subjected to rigorous testing and validation by other researchers and is widely accepted in the academic community.

identification and reporting of patterns in a data set, which are then interpreted for their inherent meaning

Thematic approach used in exemplar study (Naeem & Ozuem, 2022a).

moral rights exist in copyright,

As a listener my own preference is the option to experiment. My listening system has a mixer instead of a receiver, an infinitely variable speed turntable, filters, reverse capability, and a pair of ears.

Forms of music that were not intelligible to the human eye were deemed ineligible.

a loop

The notions of intelligence (thinking-based?) and forward moving (directional?) are challenges. They can be gamed by emotions and biases. As we see in politics, once someone chooses a goalpost, it defines the direction the manner, direction, and often limits of the conversation. How we keep things from being one-sided will help keep both parties in the conversation.

making art out of what refuses to compute.

What if the dignity of being human is not to stand forever outside the machine, but to insist, even as the boundaries blur, on those things that remain untranslatable—mess, longing, grief, awe, strangeness?

we are awakened to the danger precisely through contact with it

the “Human Instrumentality Project” offers to dissolve all suffering through perfect togetherness.

even error is modeled.

It produces astonishing new worlds, but only by flattening the world into what can be stored, indexed, and summoned at will.

anyone below the LLM all at some point become “resources” in a perpetual state of readiness.

the moral ambiguity of a system

optimizes

teases meaning but never fully arrives at it, leaving us unsettled not because the machine “gets it wrong,” but because there’s no one there to get it at all.

(see Sherry Turkle’s work on simulation, or Byung-Chul Han on transparency)

can mimic the outward signs of expression while lacking the inward spark.

Martin Heidegger, The Question Concerning Technology

Heidegger’s Gestell (“en-framing”): the notion that technologies shape who we are because of their design and use.

immediately invites solutionism

Yes, AI is a tool.

But it’s a scaffold, not the thing itself.

impedance mismatch

schemas

resists the categorization AI requires to produce an image. Noise floods the structure, overwhelming its logic with a contradictory logic. The result is a material,

categorical reduction

structured to fit new noise arrangements.

Image of noise

To create a perfect conditions for the technology to operate, vast expanses of wiring would need to be isolated from any possible event.

They also leverage the learned helplessness and confusion of the public, leading us to believe that there is no other alternative to staying competitive as an economy or as a nation than relentlessly advancing, deploying, and selling AI applications.

Both systems operate as iterative loops

situational awareness

“LLMs are designed to be reflecting mirrors, after all; and there is a profound human desire 'to be seen.’”

the love that seeks not its own

They invent a lie in the image of truth

When people can no longer distinguish between the true voice of the Church and a forged one, the proclamation of the Gospel is imperiled.

“The Apparent Oddity of the Universe: How to Account for It?”

dictating my ideas into existence.

...

To be the default model in Cursor.

precious

increasingly casual + fun.

They could be stupid, disposable, silly yet meaningful to just you or a few friends.

"photography"

allowed to be expressive, spontaneous, instant, and surprising

photography

having a portrait

All of that has a cost, one we’ve agreed to pay by the very act of using it.

“After all, if you do not resist the apparently inevitable, you will never know how inevitable the inevitable was.” — Terry Eagleton, Why Marx Was Right

a complete surrender to this form of reasoning, though tempting, is likely to lead the U.S. to overlook the disproportionate impact of these systems on nations that are too poor to participate in the AI arms race.

a tendency L.M. Sacacas has labeled the “Borg complex” — because the tech is so effective and so much better than any alternatives.

Persuading people that the police are using AI is a way to normalize the idea that AI should be and, perhaps more important, already is ceaselessly monitoring society.

expectation economy sustained by a circular logic: investment leads to promises, which leads to branding and more investment … and so on until the bubble bursts.

Contrary to their cheery marketing copy, Investors and corporations don’t funnel their money into AI because they are interested in innovation for its own sake. AI promises to solve the problems of capital by unlocking exponential growth, eliminating labor costs, optimizing efficiency, and a slew of other expected outcomes. But the AI solution will come about only if the systems actually eventually work as promised.

Even clickwork that seems brainless and dull is still too advanced for “smart” machines.

The Black Box Society, Frank Pasquale

humans acting like robots

the complex mechanical system that Kempelen showed people was meant to distract their attention from how the automaton really worked: human labor.

problem

advanced AI (but not “superintelligent” AI,

accidents

By unpacking intelligence into distinct underlying concepts, capability and power, we rebut the notion that human labor will be superfluous in a world with ‘superintelligent’ AI,

slow

Benchmarks

22. Rich Sutton. 2019. The Bitter Lesson (March 2019). http://www.incompleteideas.net/IncIdeas/BitterLesson.html.

What eventually allowed gains to be realized was redesigning the entire layout of factories around the logic of production lines. In addition to changes to factory architecture, diffusion also required changes to workplace organization and process control, which could only be developed through experimentation across industries.

But it is important to remember that adoption is about software use, not availability.

Depending on how we measure adoption, it is quite possible that the adoption of generative AI has been much slower than PC adoption.

mass-market product release

not highly consequential applications

AI diffusion lags decades behind innovation

disruptive

invention

normal technology

4. Jeffrey Ding. 2024. Technology and the Rise of Great Powers: How Diffusion Shapes Economic Competition. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

uncertainty

This framework sensitizes us to “small” systems that cause tremendous harm because of the settings in which they’re placed and the authority people place upon them; and it inoculates us against fixations on things like regulating systems just because they happened to use 10^26 floating point calculations in training - an arbitrary threshold, denoting nothing in particular, beneath which actors could (and do) cause monumental harms already, today.

A good definition can help sensitize us to critical details that we might otherwise overlook.

I think we should shed the idea that AI is a technological artifact with political features and recognize it as a political artifact through and through. AI is an ideological project to shift authority and autonomy away from individuals, towards centralized structures of power. Projects that claim to “democratize” AI routinely conflate “democratization” with “commodification”.

If anything, it struck me as an illustrative example of the abject failure of an approach to defining AI that’s contingent on the inner workings of the system - because anybody who has experienced health insurance claims systems can tell you that you don’t get a lot of insight into how the system works. You certainly don’t get to know whether you’re in the former system or the latter without a lot of litigation and paperwork.

(There’s also the question of the chatbot form of the L.L.M. itself, and the particular dangers it poses and fallacies it inculcates, which I’ve written about before and which Mike Caulfield wrote about today.)

Meta has allowed these synthetic personas to offer a full range of social interaction—including “romantic role-play”—as they banter over text, share selfies and even engage in live voice conversations with users.

social construction ofcryptography

DRM (DigitalRights Management), including the CSS (Content Scrambling System) used to makemore difficult the copying of DVDs, has been reasonably effective (from the point ofview of content owners).

Julian Assange: Conspiracy as governance.

Autonomous Technology: Technics-out-of-Control as a Themein Political Thought. MIT Press, 1977

Marshal McLuhan,Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, McGraw-Hill,1964

nervous fascination

A further consequence of provenance is interoperability.

editing video in a language that one is only partially fluent in.

the idea behind literate programming, too -- the idea that the stuff for humans should be the default context, and the highly constrained stuff parsed by the computer should be an exceptional mode within that

why is there any typed text on the tablet UI?

you're going to push people to make sound in the ways that are legible to the computer. you may start to think that the text is the 'canonical' format

a cheap physical object, made of sound instead of writing, where both consuming it and creating it feel immediately at hand.

the device immediately (or even in real time, while you're speaking?) prints out a little receipt that 'contains' (that is) the audio that it just recorded2

The sentences sound fancy. But just because something sounds fancy doesn’t make it meaningful. Just because something sounds obscure doesn’t mean it makes sense.

a “haunting uniform polish.”

Human writing has a certain variety. It’s almost ineffable. Linguistics attributes this to the concept of “bursts” in writing. Humans think as they write. As they stitch together ideas, they don’t think in uniform patterns, which results in uneven sentences. These “bursts” make the sentences, hopefully, more interesting to read. It means, too, that sentences aren’t always dense.

I edited the sentence to sound less like AI writing.

While others may ascribe revolutionary potential to poetry, I don’t. I write a poem and don’t imagine it’ll do anything.

distillation datasets effectively capture realistic conversational dynamics, replicating genuine user-assistant interactions.

extensively pretrained on specialized audio-centric datasets, which have been critical in optimizing model performance

search for thebesttasks

Once multiple accurate students enter the same tag for a new image, the system wouldbe confident that the tag is correct. In this manner, image tagging and vocabulary learning can becombined into a single activity.

"a man who understands Chinese is not a man who has a firm grasp of the statistical probabilities for the occurrence of the various words in the Chinese language" (p. 108).

Gottfried Leibniz made a similar argument in 1714 against mechanism (the idea that everything that makes up a human being could, in principle, be explained in mechanical terms. In other words, that a person, including their mind, is merely a very complex machine).

identification of key words, (2) the discovery of minimal context, (3) the choice of appropriate transformations, (4) generation of responses in the absence of key words, and (5) the provision of an editing capability for ELIZA "scripts".

ACCESS AS ART PRACTICE

Designed for, with, and by the disability community, our commitment to make this show accessible raised core questions for us about access: how could we think about access not as accommodation or a measure of minimal compliance, but instead as a creative practice or an underlying aesthetic and design principle of the work?

taking an anti-ableist and intersectional approach to media arts practice that builds in access from the beginning.

place mediate the learning process. 4

“Reticula: Ecology and Art Reimagined for the XXI Century,”

wicked problems 1 (sidenote: “Wicked problems” (Rittel & Webber, 1973) are challenges that are especially dynamic due to their fluctuating parameters and require diverse strategies of engagement for generating inquiry. ↩ )

Technological sublime varies in its object of worship

“The revenue model behind these open platforms is to be found in the user data and the value that data can represent.”

a more completelearner profile

“Collect it all” is a phrase used to encapsulate the mission of General Keith Alexander, director of the US National Security Agency

Epistemic displacement

Pattern of subsuming practicalrationality into technicalrationality

An ethical obligation does not follow from a statement of fact.

gray literature

Critical Discourse Analysis

learning analytics

Ideologies dothings.

texts

Slop – in the sense of the flood of information and the calibration of how information is filtered – is power.

scientific sterilization of variety and unpredictability in the name of reliable, predictable behaviors.

AI slop breaks down the inquiry and investigation into the world as it is, replacing the critical landscape with text and image fragments that affirm the world as it is imagined. In essence, it circumvents any desire to understand the world because it offers us the immediate satisfaction of having a feeling about the world.

AI slop is extremely viral, and so is outrage.