1. Last 7 days
    1. your master will knock your child in the head,” and then a second, and then a third, “your master will quickly knock your child in the head.”

      Hitting her? Is this an empty threat, it seems to just repeat?What does this even really mean, harsh….

    2. as they carried him, and as he took oaken leaves and laid to his wound, and through the blessing of God he was able to travel again.

      So the Natives healed him but she still credits God?

    3. how righteous it was with God to cut off the thread of my life and cast me out of His presence forever.

      It’s sad that she believes that if she prayed more(?) she would not have been thrown into this by God and that she holds guilt that God abandoned her

    4. I then remembered how careless I had been of God’s holy time; how many Sabbaths I had lost and misspent, and how evilly I had walked in God’s sight;

      So basically I guess she didn’t pray to God and now she is all upset about it. How far into “hell” and suffering can one go without questioning? God can do no wrong. Natives are never under God and are therefore evil creations of …. The devil? satan? How does it work

    5. about an hour by sun,

      In another text we read, the white men claimed that the Natives did not use time. This is more proof that they have their own way to keep track of time.

    6. there being not the least crumb of refreshing that came within either of our mouths from Wednesday night to Saturday night, except only a little cold water.

      Starvation is basically a form of torture

    7. and my child’s being so exceeding sick, and in a lamentable condition with her wound.

      What is the baby even sick with? Does it have a physical wound? Like a cut or something or is the cold hurting it

    8. One of the Indians got up upon a horse, and they set me up behind him, with my poor sick babe in my lap

      Do they actually care and how? They can see that she is weak and could not travel on her own with the baby.

    9. She was about ten years old, and taken from the door at first by a Praying Ind. and afterward sold for a gun.

      I wonder if this native society had always been this violent towards outsiders, or if that was in response to the European violence?

    10. (by my master in this writing, must be understood Quinnapin, who was a Sagamore, and married King Philip’s wife’s sister; not that he first took me, but I was sold to him by another Narragansett Indian, who took me when first I came out of the garrison).

      She is enslaved by a native?

    11. that I did not use wicked and violent means to end my own miserable life.

      It's hard not to feel bad for Rowlandson. She's clearly incredibly distressed by this whole encounter and the loss of her child.

    12. I must and could lie down by my dead babe, side by side all the night after.

      This is heartbreaking, it also illustrates that she is in shock and maybe denial.

    13. ; my child being even ready to depart this sorrowful world,

      What horrible things that child must've witnessed and felt to want to die at such a young age.

    14. When I had been at my master’s wigwam, I took the first opportunity I could get to go look after my dead child.

      That's probably one of the most depressing stories I've ever heard. Depressing, not horrific; that would be bashing babies against rocks.

    15. Sabbath

      Damn again I feel bad for her. Not being able to rest at all especially when it partains to ones religion.

      For anyone who doesn't know the Sabbath is the day god took to rest their for Christians and Jewish people rest on that day.

      All I'm going to mention is the Trail of Tears.

    16. sometimes one Indian would come and tell me one hour that “your master will knock your child in the head,” and then a second, and then a third, “your master will quickly knock your child in the head.”

      Meaning they were knocking her out? This seems as merciful as possible, as I don't know if they had access to anesthesia in 17th century New England.

    17. I then remembered how careless I had been of God’s holy time; how many Sabbaths I had lost and misspent, and how evilly I had walked in God’s sight; which lay so close unto my spirit, that it was easy for me to see how righteous it was with God to cut off the thread of my life and cast me out of His presence forever.

      The Christian guilt is strong with this one. I can tell by reading this that the major driving forces in the society she comes from are shame and judgement.

    18. Oh the number of pagans (now merciless enemies)

      Are they polytheists, or is she just assuming that? I'm going to go ahead and assume that she wasn't very interested in studying their culture.

    19. Indian town, called Wenimesset, northward of Quabaug.

      Ah, definitely not nomads. Still, they seemed to be travelling for quite some time, and food was much harder to preserve in the 17th century.

    20. there being not the least crumb of refreshing that came within either of our mouths from Wednesday night to Saturday night, except only a little cold water.

      And there probably wasn't any food for the natives either, as nomadic societies (which I'm just assuming these folks were a part of) eat whenever the opportunity arises.

    21. ; what with my own wound, and my child’s being so exceeding sick, and in a lamentable condition with her wound.

      I don't know if I missed something, but what exactly are their wounds? I know they'd been beaten allegedly, but she keeps mentioning how they're sick and injured without elaborating much further on that.

    22. One of the Indians got up upon a horse, and they set me up behind him, with my poor sick babe in my lap

      Still sounds like the natives are helping the Rowlandson's out. They can tell she and her child are too weak to travel on their own horse as they fell off of one before, so they're travelling on the same horse as a native. Obviously they aren't trying to help them too much, otherwise they wouldn't have abducted them, but they don't seem as comically evil as Rowlandson writes them to be.

    1. But I’d damaged the book as much as I’d rescued it.

      This is an important note when revising our "My Community" essays. While peer reviews can be very helpful, they should not strip our writing of our individual voice.

    2. we could enjoy movie night almost every weekend

      I wonder how going from only watching movies on special occasions to almost every weekend impacted Sindu. Did the increased family make them closer? Did she ever take it for granted or did she remember how things had once been?

    1. data never reflects reality precisely

      I like this line because it shows that data can look exact even when it is based on estimates and it’s a good reminder to question where data comes from before treating it as accurate

    1. wonderful power of God, that my Spirit did not utterly sink under my affliction: still the Lord upheld me with His gracious and merciful spirit, and we were both alive to see the light of the next morning.

      Is she ever doubting God? Or just pouring her full being into it.

    2. My own wound also growing so stiff that I could scarce sit down or rise up; yet so it must be, that I must sit all this cold winter night upon the cold snowy ground, with my sick child in my arms, looking that every hour would be the last of its life; and having no Christian friend near me, either to comfort or help me.

      Even if you had a Christian friend nearby I don’t know if they could help you, maybe comfort you, but I don’t know about help. She’s heavily dropping her emotions her and the waterfall of everything effecting her mental state and physical state.

    3. quickly began to snow, and when night came on, they stopped, and now down I must sit in the snow,

      Wait, what month was this again, February ish? How much snow are we talking and how were they protected against it (clothing wise)

    4. But the Lord renewed my strength still, and carried me along, that I might see more of His power;

      She still believes that it is the Lord giving her all of this strength instead of her own internal will. And maybe she draws this internal will (unknowingly that it is herself) from her belief that the lord is real, so in one case it’s her lord, but also herself.

    5. At length I took it off the horse, and carried it in my arms till my strength failed, and I fell down with it. Then they set me upon a horse with my wounded child in my lap, and there being no furniture upon the horse’s back, as we were going down a steep hill we both fell over the horse’s head, at which they, like inhumane creatures, laughed, and rejoiced to see it, though I thought we should there have ended our days, a

      She still sees and labels them as inhumane creatures even though they helped her. They carried her baby and once she was too weak, they put her on the horses back which they definitely did not need to do. Yes, they laughed when she fell off, but maybe they didn’t expect it because it was normalized to ride a horse without a seat? Also, she’s still technically their prisoner. I wonder what they are thinking truly? I feel like even if my best friend were riding a horse if they fell off, after I knew they were okay, I’d be laughing too. Maybe that’s modern norms shining, but I wouldn’t say they were inhumane for that. But to be fair, I also get embarrassed easily and it feels like the end of the world if it’s REAL embarrassing

    6. One of the Indians carried my poor wounded babe upon a horse;

      Is it because it is a baby? Has done no right or wrong? They accept that fact and help it.

    7. but God was with me in a wonderful manner, carrying me along, and bearing up my spirit, that it did not quite fail.

      Religion gives her a reason to live, a light in the darkness, “sparing” her

    8. I must turn my back upon the town, and travel with them into the vast and desolate wilderness,

      Vast and desolate to her, but did the Natives know it? Even if it is unknown to one person does not mean it is unknown to all, especially the native people of a land.

    9. Oh, I may see the wonderful power of God, that my Spirit did not utterly sink under my affliction: still the Lord upheld me with His gracious and merciful spirit, and we were both alive to see the light of the next morning.

      Again, I am going to wager a guess and say that she would not have survived in the wilderness without the help of people who thrive in it.

    10. But the Lord renewed my strength still, and carried me along, that I might see more of His power; yea, so much that I could never have thought of, had I not experienced it.

      It sounds to me like the natives, although they kidnapped her, were the ones carrying her through this. I'm getting the feeling that if they wanted them dead, they'd be dead already. Her husband is an important political figure (I'm assuming, I believe this was before the whole separation of church and state sentiment was popularized), so it stands to reason that having the Rowlandson family travelling with them is a massive advantage for the natives.

    11. like inhumane creatures, laughed, and rejoiced to see it,

      I wonder if they were actually laughing at their suffering, or at the fact that they are unable to ride horseback without a saddle? Or both?

    12. But now, the next morning, I must turn my back upon the town, and travel with them into the vast and desolate wilderness,

      I'm interested to hear her describe what the New England wilderness looked like before it was developed.

    1. __________________________________________________________________

      Three benefits you might gain from effectively communicating with your instructor is:

      1. slowly getting to know one another to develop a healthy relationship that could be very supportive.

      2. The instructor may offer to write you a letter of recommendation or you may feel comfortable enough to ask.

      3. The instructor could potentially become your mentor overtime.

    1. Those seven that were killed at Lancaster the summer before upon a Sabbath day, and the one that was afterward killed upon a weekday, were slain and mangled in a barbarous manner,

      Did they DO something? For every “white man” killed, how many natives followed?

    2. but one poor wounded babe, and it seemed at present worse than death that it was in such a pitiful condition, bespeaking compassion, and I had no refreshing for it, nor suitable things to revive it.

      “It’ being used in reference to a child, maybe her child? I think at least, from he introduction about who she was, I think she had a young child with her.

    3. my thoughts ran upon my losses and sad bereaved condition. All was gone, my husband gone (at least separated from me, he being in the Bay; and to add to my grief, the Indians told me they would kill him as he came homeward), my children gone, my relations and friends gone, our house and home and all our comforts—within door and without—all was gone (except my life), and I knew not but the next moment that might go too.

      Even for whatever reason the Natives may have done this, it’s definitely hard to have all of your family and home life taken away from you, being alone, especially in hardship.

    4. disconsolate

      Extremely sad, hopeless, and impossible to cheer up. Food and hunger are definitely used against people and show a huge piece of a human’s drive.

    5. Oh the roaring, and singing and dancing, and yelling

      Wow yes because singing and dancing is so evil…. Maybe it was scary to a culture that did not express life in that way, but wow…

    6. What, will you love English men still?”

      IS this really what they asked? How reliable of a narrator is Mary?What does this question mean when asked by the Natives? If she takes refuge in the lodge, will she still love English men?

    7. bout a mile we went that night,

      Is this “we” her and her family or even more people that were captured and taken to this part of town intended to “lodge’

    8. our hearts no less than our bodies

      I think this is an interesting quote and it shows the profound trauma she endured and how her heart is not feeling much and is just an extension of the bod.

    9. barbarous creatures,

      Very harsh label, I’m already assuming for the Native Americans? Contrast to our other reading when the Christians were being called barbarians or a word similar to that sort.

    10. Mary Rowlandson

      She was a colonial American woman who was captured by Native Americans in 1676 during King Philip’s War. Her family suffered a lot. She suffered.

    11. All was gone, my husband gone (at least separated from me, he being in the Bay; and to add to my grief, the Indians told me they would kill him as he came homeward), my children gone, my relations and friends gone,

      Damn, that actually sucks. I feel bad for her. She's still not great, but I do feel bad. I have only done some coursery research into her, but I do have to agree that asj1531 might her, family, village, or country have done something to deserve it.

    12. Oh the roaring, and singing and dancing, and yelling of those black creatures in the night, which made the place a lively resemblance of hell.

      I can excuse kidnapping, but I draw the line at racism. (If you spot the reference, you have great taste.)

    13. Those seven that were killed at Lancaster the summer before upon a Sabbath day, and the one that was afterward killed upon a weekday,

      For every European being killed, I wonder how many natives are being brutalized.

    1. We hope to shift the focus from the nation to the larger, global implications for what defines something as “American.”

      How do people globally view American literature? Do they even think about it as we do with, say, British Literature?

    2. future PSU English students will feel inspired to contribute to, annotate, and continue this project, constantly refining, remixing, and reworking it going forward.

      As meanings change, PSU students can change it as well. It is left to students to decide what is valued and what’s worth being in the project.

    3. We do not claim to have a “perfect” or “complete” representation of American literature.

      Good to state and understand that it is not perfect. What would a theoretical “perfect” representation be?

    4. How can we possibly define American literature without comprehending the fragility, complexity, and pride that accompanies such a term? “

      You have to get into the dirty deep questions in order to understand a small fraction of a difficult question involving America

    5. this anthology takes things a step further because it makes connections between important works of American literature and contemporary culture (such as films and other references

      It takes modern age concepts from films and other references as stated and compares them to the old literature

    6. framing the texts in new and provocative ways that fit the modern age

      Never ending cycle of constantly having to reframe new ways to fit the current age of time as it moves forward.

    7. Who determines what counts as American literature?

      I think that every person may have a different idea of what counts and so therefore is there really a flat answer for this?

    8. American literature defined by geographical boundaries? Experiences? Histories? Themes?

      Challenging us readers. Also, American Lit. Vs. History, how does an english class differ from a history class?

    9. what counts as American literature.

      Which ends up being what? We look at whether author, location, consumer, as well as a multitude of other factors to see if that changes what counts

    1. These qualities are influenced by biological dispositions, but even more by the child's experiences with others, particularly in close relationships, that guide the growth of individual characteristics.

      This statement means that a child’s personality and individual characteristics develop through both nature and nurture, but their experiences with other people play a particularly important role.

    2. Young infants have very limited capacity to adjust their emotional states and depend on their caregivers to help soothe themselves

      Infants initially depend on caregiver support for emotional regulation. Through responsive caregiving, they gradually learn to regulate their own emotions.

    3. Basic emotions, such as interest, happiness, anger, fear, surprise, sadness and disgust, which appear first, and self-conscious emotions, such as envy, pride, shame, guilt, doubt, and embarrassment

      The two types of emotions

    4. Easy Child (40%) who is able to quickly adapt to routine and new situations, remains calm, is easy to soothe, and usually is in a positive mood. Difficult Child (10%) who reacts negatively to new situations, has trouble adapting to routine, is usually negative in mood, and cries frequently. Slow-to-Warm-Up Child (15%) has a low activity level, adjusts slowly to new situations and is often negative in mood.

      Three types of temperament

    5. Temperament is the innate characteristics of the infant, including mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity, noticeable soon after birth.

      Definition

    1. Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man,

      God speaks to Ezekiel, referring to him as "Son of man" (Ezekiel, 2:1). He says he will speak unto thee. Ezekiel is the chosen prophet to deliver a message to the people of Israel. God tells them that if they obey, they shall be rewarded as the children of gods. If they do not obey, however, they shall be killed and their bodies laid around the altars to their idols. As he states, "I will scatter your bones round about your altars." (Ezekiel, 6:5) The Burial of the Dead is not unlike this. World War One is a war fought over borders, power, and commerce, all of which man often would value above God. The rows and rows of graves after a war fought over such desires seems indicative of the making good of God's promise to spread the people's bones about their altars. Each grave is one individual's altar to their country and cause. It is not to undermine the nobility of these men, however. God may recognize that a man is capable of being redeemed should they accept him. Thus, stony rubbish may represent the graves. What grows out of it is the souls of the people who were slain in a war, taken out of "The Waste Land" and into a new land. As God ends in saying, " Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel. [13] And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I have opened your graves, O my people, and brought you up out of your graves, [14] And shall put my spirit in you, and ye shall live, and I shall place you in your own land: then shall ye know that I the LORD have spoken it, and performed it, saith the LORD." (Ezekiel, 37:12-14) A story exists in WW1 history of a poppy growing from the blood of fallen soldiers in Flanders, Belgium. In the midst of utter desolation, one may in dying escape "The Waste Land" and be transported somewhere better, or from the ashes of the "The Waste Land" something beautiful may grow.

    2. My cousin’s, he took me out on a sled, And I was frightened. He said, Marie, Marie, hold on tight. And down we went. In the mountains, there you feel free.

      After reading the story of the Countess Larisch and her ostracization after the scandal in the Austrian court there is a clear connection between the two. In terms of the voice and changing of narration within Eliot's poem, I disagree with the idea that a poem can be separated from the author that writes it simply by creating distance from a personal experience. If all of peotry was created simply by imagining and creating works of fiction with no connection to the creator's suffering, then the action and emotion portrayed within the poem would be unrealistic. Writing from within the bounds of a city under siege during the war, Eliot personally had a specific viewpoint on nature and the natural world being a freeing place.

      The rest of Europe was also affected by the war, and this specific section could be interepreted as a child sent to the countryside in order to escape the violence of the city, like many rich parents across Europe did to protect their families. There is the initial feeling of fear at the height and total freedom atop the mountain, but also the sense of something being off with the rest of the world as well.

    3. And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief,

      This line is, in itself, a variation, a contradiction perhaps, of verse 5 from Ecclesiastes 12. Ecclesiastes illustrates the inevitable coming of age and death and argues that we should embrace it rather than fear it. It not only mentions our mortality, but also echoes the ephemerality of every moment. The central message of this poem is to remember God and live meaningfully while you are young because youth, strength, pleasure, and eventually life itself are temporary. The verse, "almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden," is an indicator of how, with age, small things become harder. The flowering almond tree could be interepretaed as gaining grey hairs, and the grasshopper becoming a burden suggests that even small things become physically difficult with age. However, in The Wasteland, Eliot rewrites this verse with a different tone: despair. Motifs that once meant meaningful symbols of age have now lost their reassuring sentimental value and become echoes of anguish and inevitable doom. The almond tree and the grasshopper now symbolize the futility of age and the painful approach of death. Eliot thus trasnforms the meaning of the biblical verse to reflect a darker conception of mortality in the aftermath of world war 1.

    4. And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief, And the dry stone no sound of water.

      Eliot’s description of “a heap of broken images” (22) alludes to the state of Europe after the war. Life used to exist in many places, but now there is none: “the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief, / And the dry stone no sound of water,” (23-4). A similar idea is reflected in the Orthodox funeral service, which emphasizes the fragility of human life: “All things are more fleeting than a shadow… one moment, and all these things are succeeded by Death.” (Burial of the Dead). However, while the funeral offers hope through Christian faith, Eliot ends the first section with, “I will show you fear in a handful of dust” (30), which likely refers to human mortality after World War I.

    1. Tesla opted for a two-seat vehicle based on research showing 85 percent of ride-hailing trips are for one or two people.

      I think that this CyberCab is a very interesting product that I think will dominate the taxi/robotaxi market. Elon Musk is a very intelligent human being, could even be debatable that he is the smartest human in the world. His designing behind this CyberCab sounds like it absurd. This vehicle can deliver people from one spot to the other, with no driver, steering wheel, pedals, mirrors, or rear view windshield. Elon has put a ton of thought in this machine, as stated in the text, " Tesla opted for a two-seat vehicle based on research showing 85 percent of ride-hailing trips are for one or two people." Having bigger vehicles with more seats, might not get as much usage and cost Tesla more than it makes them. Another thing that is interesting about this vehicle is that it is powered by artificial intelligence instead of censors. To use artificial intelligence you would need service, conveniently enough Elon owns the company Starlink, so they will have service wherever and whenever. This CyberCab also has TVs in them because there aren't any drivers to be distracted. CyberCab will dominate the market for taxis/robotaxis because of how they outsmarted all of the competition.

    1. More importantly, language is more generative than it is imitative. Language is not a predefined set of ideas and sentences that we choose when we need them, but rather a system of rules and procedures

      shaped by our environment, culture, social interactions, and experiences.

    2. These differences can easily be seen in the results of neuroimaging studies that show that listening to and producing language creates greater activity in the left hemisphere than in the right.

      evidence that the brain has specialized areas for language.

    3. A person who spends adequate time with an infant can learn which cries indicate pain and which ones indicate hunger, discomfort, or frustration.

      Biological component and psychological

    4. Language gives us the ability to communicate our intelligence to others by talking, reading, and writing.

      Babies begin learning language before they can speak, by listening to sounds and recognizing patterns.

    1. for 1776  we are to utter sweet breath, and I do not doubt but 1777  to hear them say it is a sweet comedy

      Apparently, he hasn't matured that much, though, as he completely misunderstands the play and the fact that they most likely can't smell their breath anyway. Alternatively, he could just be predicting how bad the play will go and preemptively marketing the sheer nonsense that will be displayed.

    2. I will tell you everything right as it fell 1765  out.

      Knowing Bottom's sense for theatrics, they would have been here for a while. Conversely, Bottom's immediate line is to cheer up his fellow actors and spur them to action. Also, he seems to have developed on how the lion's part in the play should be played. It shows an odd sense of maturity for a character whose only intelligent line was spoken with the head of an ass.

    1. Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.

      This is teaching to read like a writer

    2. Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

      noting with my sophomores that many are not proficient in this even after modeling

    1. biological perspective, it has been suggested that infantile amnesia is due to the immaturity of the infant brain,

      Because these brain systems are immature, infants may not be able to create memories that can be stored and recalled later in life.

    1. A T G T A G C A A A T G C C T T T A G A The complementary template strand is: T A C A T C G T T T A C G G A A A T C T The label "DNA" appears beneath the molecule. Messenger RNA (mRNA) A blue arrow points to a single-stranded RNA molecule labeled "mRNA". The RNA strand is shown vertically and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). The mRNA sequence is: A U G U U G C A A A G C G U U U G A

      The original DNA sequence in the image has a C that should be a G on the right strand, and the sequence given in the image description has a different pattern, is 2 letters longer, and doesn't line up with the mRNA sequence given in the image description. Also the tRNA in the image has both Ts and Us??

    1. It shall be called “Bottom’s Dream” because 1730  it hath no bottom

      Firstly, this dream did, in fact, have a bottom in all contexts. The character was present, there is a start and ending, and there was most certainly a lowest point in this story of his. Secondly, how false this statement is can be inferred to mean that Bottom's simi-wisecracks are limited to when he was an ass. In other words, Bottom is dumber than a donkey.

    2. my love to Hermia, 1677  Melted as the snow

      The drug might have had some severe side effects about their feelings of each other, which most likely won't be addressed by the fairies at any point.

    3. Now thou and I are new in amity, 1596  And will tomorrow midnight solemnly

      They turned around on their opinion of each other quite quickly. I like to imagine this as Bottom looking so ugly and unattractive after the drug wore off that Titania started to view Oberon as not so bad.

    4. And stick muskroses in thy sleek smooth head,

      Smooth and furry... I'm not sure how this would take place, but it may allude to how the drug works. It is still likely that she sees Bottom like he is (with an ass head), but with many of his imperfections as perfections instead.

    5. Bottom's waking speech is the only place in the play where the night in the wood is treated as something that cannot be told, and it comes from the character least equipped to tell it. The lovers, waking twenty lines earlier, immediately begin domesticating their experience into simile — far-off mountains turned into clouds, a jewel mine own and not mine own — and then agree to recount their dreams to each other on the walk home. Bottom refuses the same move: the dream has no bottom, and any man who expounds it is an ass. The play gives its most accurate account of the supernatural to the one character who was genuinely transformed by it, and he can only render it as broken scripture.

      Claude AI

    6. The eye of 1725  man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen,

      He's mangling St Paul, 1 Corinthians — the original is about what no eye has seen and no ear heard of God's kingdom. Bottom swaps the organs around. It's a joke, but the passage he's scrambling is the one about things too great to be reported.

    7. But like a sickness did I loathe this food.

      Demetrius is the only one still enchanted — nobody ever took the flower off him. So the happy ending has a drugged man in it. He's also the one who sounds most certain, "will forevermore be true to it," which is worse.

    8. Egeus, I will overbear your will, 1691  For in the temple by and by, with us,

      In I.1 the Athenian law "by no means we may extenuate." Here it's gone in half a line, because Demetrius changed his mind. The law was never the obstacle.

    9. I was with Hercules and Cadmus once, 1621  When in a wood of Crete they bayed the bear

      First time she talks about her own life. Hunting with Hercules, before Athens. Theseus answers by describing his dogs' ears for eight lines.

    10. Her dotage now I do begin to pity.

      He pities her now, four lines before explaining that she already handed over the boy. The order matters. He also says he taunted her at his pleasure while she begged in mild terms, and reports it like it's neutral information.

    1. But in our societies, the big issue about religion is usually defined in terms of be-lief. First Christianity has always defined itself in relation to credal statements.

      This shows that belief in religion is important on how people can understand religion.

    1. Throat clearing phrases are unnecessary to understand the meaning of the text. These include phrases like “It should be noted that,” “in order to,” and “the fact that.” When you see a phrase like this, try deleting it and see if any meaning is lost. While these types of phrases are common in the corporate world, they essentially feel like jargon. Jay Sullivan, author of Simply Said refers to these as “zero words” because they aren’t really doing any work for your meaning

      I think that this is an important concept that I need to focus on because I tend to use a lot of filler/ throat-clearing. This also leads into the idea of saying it's not X; its Y. I think that I tend to confuse my readers and don't make clear and concrete statements.

    1. var _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____ = function(name) {return (self._wb_wombat && self._wb_wombat.local_init && self._wb_wombat.local_init(name)) || self[name]; }; if (!self.__WB_pmw) { self.__WB_pmw = function(obj) { this.__WB_source = obj; return this; } } { let window = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("window"); let self = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("self"); let document = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("document"); let location = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("location"); let top = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("top"); let parent = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("parent"); let frames = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("frames"); let opener = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("opener"); let arguments; {window.addEventListener('load', alignSegs.bind(null,'segftln-1500','segftln-1488','seg-1488')); }}In your waking shall be shown. 1501 490  var _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____ = function(name) {return (self._wb_wombat && self._wb_wombat.local_init && self._wb_wombat.local_init(name)) || self[name]; }; if (!self.__WB_pmw) { self.__WB_pmw = function(obj) { this.__WB_source = obj; return this; } } { let window = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("window"); let self = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("self"); let document = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("document"); let location = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("location"); let top = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("top"); let parent = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("parent"); let frames = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("frames"); let opener = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("opener"); let arguments; {window.addEventListener('load', alignSegs.bind(null,'segftln-1501','segftln-1488','seg-1488')); }} Jack shall have Jill; 1502   var _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____ = function(name) {return (self._wb_wombat && self._wb_wombat.local_init && self._wb_wombat.local_init(name)) || self[name]; }; if (!self.__WB_pmw) { self.__WB_pmw = function(obj) { this.__WB_source = obj; return this; } } { let window = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("window"); let self = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("self"); let document = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("document"); let location = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("location"); let top = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("top"); let parent = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("parent"); let frames = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("frames"); let opener = _____WB$wombat$assign$function_____("opener"); let arguments; {window.addEventListener('load', alignSegs.bind(null,'segftln-1502','segftln-1488','seg-1488')); }} Naught shall go ill;

      While Robin does not know this, "Jill" is to be sentenced to death if she stays with "Jack." Also, I'm not sure if "Jack and Jill" are the right two to refer to a deeply loving couple as.

    2. Let her not hurt me. I was never curst;

      This line in particular is quite comedic considering the two men that she asks for protection are, in fact, the cursed ones.

    3. I would I had your bond. For I perceive 1291 280 A weak bond holds you. I’ll not trust your word.

      Each of them is under the same curse while they accuse each other of not being under said curse, although they don't know it. The fact that no one understands the minds of any other makes this scene extraordinarily chaotic.

    4. Is all the counsel that we two have shared,

      Considering that Helena was here to expose Hermia's getaway attempt, this camaraderie is no more than a ruse to guilt trip Hermia for playing what Helena thinks is a cruel prank on her. Nevertheless, the guilt seems to be following suit.

    5. Scorn and derision never come in tears.

      I can't tell if this is an artifact of the times where crying was considered a pathetic act and an indicator of dishonesty or if he is spewing nonsense while intoxicated for comedic effect.

    6. A privilege never to see me more. 1093  And from thy hated presence part I ⌜so.⌝ 1094  See me no more, whether he be dead or no.

      Due to this line, Hermia seems like either the most composed character of all or the least composed character of all. She could be weighing her options in order to realize that Demitrius's help is of bad value, or she could be simply too hateful of Demitrius to realize the situation that she is in.

    7. Being o’er shoes in blood, plunge in the deep 1062  And kill me too

      This scene would do well in a more produced interpretation as a direct juxtaposition to the antics of Lysandre's intoxication. Cutting between the two may enhance the comedy of this scene.

    8. Or russet-pated choughs, many in sort, 1033  Rising and cawing at the gun’s report

      "He is using them as a simile to describe how Bottom's fellow actors reacted when they saw him with the ass's head..." This line that details the actors' reactions to Bottom's transformation could play an important part in depicting the scene in an adaptation. It describes how the chaos was instant enough for all the actors to go crazy and run before thinking about what was happening.

    1. I am your spaniel, and, Demetrius, 0575  The more you beat me I will fawn on you.

      She offers this. He didn't ask for it. Compare her soliloquy at the end of I.1, where she was the one explaining how love has no judgment — she knew, and it made no difference.

    2. The human mortals want their winter here.

      want = lack. Titania's whole speech makes the weather a symptom of a marital argument. The scale is out of proportion — they're fighting over one child and the crops are failing.

    1. chose instrumental music over lyrical music, often to drown out distracting background noise and improve their focus.

      I usually listen to calm lyric less soundtracks of movies or even video games, and at the same time it feels very therapeutic to me.

    2. Approximately 70% said they listened to music when solving math problems

      I've never done this before. The thought has never crossed my mind, but it sounds like it could be a good idea for me to try

    3. Others have found that listening to music interferes with thinking, especially when the music is fast and loud, or when it has lyrics.

      This is very true for me, it ultimately distracts me more and gets me focused on the lyrics of the song.

    4. Listening to music is a common strategy students use to try to stay focused.

      I use this to help myself sometimes when I'm having trouble focusing on work

    1. The entire scene turns on the mechanicals' fear that their play will be taken for real — that Snug's lion will genuinely terrify the Duchess, that the audience won't know where the fiction stops. It's an anxiety about theatre performed inside a theatre, and Shakespeare sets it directly against the court scene before it, where Theseus and Egeus treat a legal fiction about ownership as if it were natural law. The tradesmen worry too much about illusion; the aristocrats don't worry at all.

    2. 0302 45Nay, faith, let not me play a woman. I have a 0303  beard coming.

      Flute is embarrassed about a boy's part in a play — performed by a boy actor in Shakespeare's company, who would also have had a beard coming. The joke goes off in two directions at once.

    3. “The most lamentable 0269  comedy and most cruel death of Pyramus and 0270  Thisbe.”

      The title contradicts itself before the play starts. Also: Pyramus and Thisbe are two lovers who run away from their parents and die for it, which is what Hermia and Lysander just decided to do one scene ago.

    1. world suffering from some form of wasting, and the majority of these children live in Asia (34.3 million) and Africa (13.9 million).

      Asia and Africa possibly have these hight rates due to connected to poverty, food insecurity, diseases, and lack of access to healthcare.

    2. Formula-fed infants experience more diarrhea and upset stomachs

      Is it possible or safe if babies are fed a mix of formula and breast milk combined?

    1. The course of true love never did run smooth. 0137  But either it was different in blood— HERMIA  0138  O cross! Too high to be enthralled to ⌜low.⌝ LYSANDER  0139  Or else misgraffèd in respect of years— p. 17 HERMIA  0140 140 O spite! Too old to be engaged to young. LYSANDER  0141  Or else it stood upon the choice of friends— HERMIA  0142  O hell, to choose love by another’s eyes! LYSANDER  0143  Or, if there were a sympathy in choice, 0144  War, death, or sickness did lay siege to it, 0145 145 Making it momentany as a sound, 0146  Swift as a shadow, short as any dream, 0147  Brief as the lightning in the collied night, 0148  That, in a spleen, unfolds both heaven and Earth, 0149  And, ere a man hath power to say “Behold!” 0150 150 The jaws of darkness do devour it up. 0151  So quick bright things come to confusion.

      They trade half-lines back and forth here, he names a category of obstacle and she supplies the exclamation. It sounds rehearsed, like a game they've played before. Then Lysander's lightning speech runs way past the pattern and Hermia answers it with "let us teach our trial patience," which is much calmer than what he just said. Not sure if she's steadying him or not listening.

    2. With bracelets of thy hair, rings, gauds, conceits, 0035 35 Knacks, trifles, nosegays, sweetmeats

      gauds = flashy trinkets. knacks = knick-knacks. nosegays = little flower bouquets. Egeus piles them up to make them sound cheap, but the list is longer than his actual legal argument.

    3. Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword

      He says this to her face, at their engagement. She was a prisoner of war. Then he says he'll wed her "in another key" — different tune, same arrangement? She has four lines in this whole scene and nothing after Egeus walks in. I keep wanting to know how she's standing while all this happens.

    4. Like to a stepdame or a dowager 0006  Long withering out a young man’s revenue.

      dowager = a widow living off her dead husband's estate, so the heir doesn't get the money until she dies. Theseus is comparing the moon to a woman who is taking too long to die. Claude

    1. When viewing a person's face, one-month olds fixate on the outer edges of the face rather than the eyes, nose, or mouth, and two-month olds gaze more at the inner features, especially the eyes

      Fixate definition: look closely or focus their eyes on something

    2. current research techniques have demonstrated just how developed the newborn is with especially organized sensory and perceptual abilities.

      sensory and perceptual abilities: abilities to receive information through senses and understand/interprete it

    1. Generative AI has the potential to transform higher education

      I really hope this just isn't the case. We are taking shortcuts and I get it most of the school work is boring but if you're gonna take shortcuts whats the point? And it is mostly inaccurate anytime I see the AI answer I never trust it. And we are using up water for what? We are lazy and need to stop using AI.

    1. Your task is to decide whether line A or line B is the longer one.

      I believe I have seen this kind of experiment before. It just trips me up so bad because the arrows do mess me up. Ok started to long at this and got a head ache.

    1. While we acknowledge that the Sam7 mutation may prevent cell lysis without stopping phage replication, we propose that this may be responsible for enhanced host editing in our

      Okay so this answers my earlier question about observed replication after eliminating the lysogeny machinery from the genome. The replication-competent lambda-DART can still generate infectious particles that can systemically spread to other susceptible bacteria, but they deliberately left this as a risk because it provided the tradeoff of enhanced host editing.

    2. extrachromosomal engineered phage genome was also observed in the assembly, though with relatively lower coverage than the bacterial chromosome, suggesting ongoing phage replication and persistence in the bacterial population

      So even though they had removed attp and integrase from the genome, lysogenic replication still occurred, if I am interpreting this correctly?

      It seems like the paper's own data demonstrates that lambda-DART remains replication-competent and persists within the bacterial population. So they were able to prevent prophage integration but they still don't have complete control over the persistence or propagation of the phage-based editing vector?

    3. For certain constructs, Twist Bioscience performed the cloning into the same vector

      I wonder why the authors are omitting the specific details of which constructs they did this step on?

    4. . Notably, samples infected by λ-DART phages carrying a J23119 promoter and a thyA-targeting guide exhibited significantly higher editing efficiency at an MOI of 1 (approximately 1% of the population edited

      So initially the editing efficiency was 1%?

    5. Incorporating a CAST System in the λ Phage Genome.

      So they basically removed a 12.3-kb chunk of lambda DNA, which includes attP + integrase (needed for lysogenization), and replaced it with the a 10.8-kb DART genome-editing system to create the new lambda-DART phages?

      It's interesting how this DNA was non-essential enough to be removed without completely destroying the genome, but still performs an important function under the normal circumstances. This makes me think about so-called "junk DNA" and how whole chunks of the genome were initially thought to serve no purpose but later were identified as serving critical biological roles. I wonder if someone revisits this experiment in a few decades if we will have learned that this removal had unforeseen consequences that altered the results of the study. There is still so much we do not know about the functions of genetic components.

    6. Cas13a

      It's interesting thinking about Cas13a and Cas9, since Cas9 targets dsDNA and permanently edits it, whereas it seems like Cas13a transiently modifies ssRNA without modifications to the genome. Also, I wonder why trans-cleavage specifically? I bet it has to do with steric repulsion and hindrance, since simple peptide molecules favor the trans configuration to reduce steric strain from bulky side chains.

    7. viability of the host bacteria

      So this is why they modified the phage to prevent it from entering the lysogeny phase, so it wouldn't destroy the host bacteria?

    8. Critically, we eliminated an avenue for persistent phage maintenance by engineering nonlysogenic, DART-encoding phage which lack components essential for lysogeny

      If I'm interpreting this correctly, one of the failsafe measures they used in the lambda phage to control viral reproduction is designing it to be able to deliver and enter the bacterial cell and but it cannot establish a lysogenic state for viral reproduction? The lytic pathway still exists though, right? Because the phage needs to be able to propagate itself to function.

    9. base editors (a fusion of a nickase Cas9 and a deaminase

      I had to look up what this is because I couldn't remember anything from the slides / lectures or if we had covered this at all, but these can induce single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DNA sequence without having to do a ds or ss break, super interesting!

    10. minimal recoding edits, deletions, and insertions

      What are they defining as minimal here? Is there a predetermined number of nucleotides that qualifies as minimal? It would be useful if they clarified their parameters more here.

    11. Phage λ

      I haven't gotten all of the way down the paper yet but I wonder if there is some non-engineered bacteriophage that could be used as an alternative method to using phage lambda. Most engineered features on recombinant genetic material come from other organism (example: GFP tag comes from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria), so it would be interesting to see if there was a "natural" (for lack of better word) equivalent that could perform the same or similar functions.

    1. The value in agentic AI depends on more than the agents alone. The organizations that use this technology to thrive will be the ones that fundamentally reimagine four core components of the business: the product, the work, the financial model, and the governance required to operationalize all of it. Committing to this next level of transformation and building new models for human-agent collaboration is the key to unleashing the agentic enterprise.

      I believes this reveals that companies cannot just add AI and expect everything to improve. They also have to change how the business operates and find ways for people and AI to work together. How well a company adjusts to these changes could determine how successful AI is for them.

    2. The difference between expectations and preparedness in agentic AI adoption illustrates a growing imperative for transformation. Deloitte’s latest survey of more than 500 U.S. business and IT leaders finds that many organizations anticipate broad AI implementation will drive growth and productivity while making work more meaningful, yet only a fraction of them have their processes and workflows ready to realize these benefits.

      I believe this shows that a lot of companies are excited about what AI can do, but they may be moving faster than they are prepared for. They expect AI to help their businesses grow and make work easier, but many still need to update the way they work before they can fully benefit from it.

    3. 75% agree that human collaboration with AI agents creates more value than AI agent-powered automation alone.

      I found this intriguing because even as AI becomes more advanced and independent, human involvement still seems necessary. The 75% statistic demonstrates that companies see more value in people and AI working together instead of depending on AI to do everything on its own.

    Annotators

    1. they expect pursuing those passions to be easy and find other things less interesting

      I find this section interesting because I definitely relate to the thought that things I am seemingly more suited for over other things should be easier than things that don't align with my personality type, but I also believe that this way of thinking isn't necessary harmful because it can help younger people discover something they are passionate about, potentially leading to successful careers that would have been otherwise dismissed.

    2. people believe they are guided by deep, unobservable essences (see Strohminger et al., 2017, and Quillien, 2018, for recent reviews) and that basing decisions on those deep desires is key to decision satisfaction

      how do things like believing we are predestined to behave/express traits a certain way based on our personality types effect/look different in individuals with things like borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, obsessive compulsive personality disorder, etc.?

    3. Though they did share some criticisms of MBTI, they also touted the usefulness of “typing” by presenting anecdotes of a woman finding dating success by screening on MBTI and, in service of the point that typing can foster positive feelings, presenting results of a study suggesting that parenting is improved when parents think their children belong to a coveted zodiac type

      What are the pros and cons of expecting someone to act a certain way based on predetermined traits that have been assigned to them by other people? Does this excuse certain behaviors and ignore other certain behaviors that would or would not be typically relevant to their personality types and/or zodiacs?

    4. MBTI generally avoids strong statements of what type predicts.

      I honestly don't feel like this is true. As a young teenager, I discovered the Myers-Briggs Test and became obsessed because of how specific it was about my "personality type". There is so much to be read about each specific personality type, and even how they are predicted to get along with other personality types. I would go as far as to say that they are almost comparable, if not on the same level as, a lot of astrological predictions,.