eLife assessment

The study provides an important advance towards understanding how spatial and temporal transcriptional programs are integrated to regulate lineage-specific chromatin and enhancer activation. The functional evidence is currently incomplete, but the current data provide a solid correlative and conceptual foundation. Functional experiments directly linking Gsb occupancy to chromatin state and regulation of some lineage-specific targets would further strengthen the causal interpretation of the model. Clarifying the scope of conclusions and explicitly acknowledging the technical limitations of current chromatin assays would provide a more balanced interpretation of the manuscript.

eLife assessment:

This important study presents a novel and technically robust framework that combines deep learning and optimized patch‑clamp protocols to infer biophysical parameters and generate electrophysiology‑based digital twins, with the inclusion of convincing experimental data being a clear strength; there is methodological innovation and potential impact for understanding cellular heterogeneity, drug response, and arrhythmia risk prediction. Concerns remain about clarity and validation, particularly regarding the biological meaning of the modeled heterogeneity, the selection and sufficiency of large synthetic training populations, and the robustness and uniqueness of inferred parameter sets. Most notably, key translational claims (e.g., replacing large‑scale wet experiments and predicting rare arrhythmic events) lack direct experimental validation and head‑to‑head comparisons with conventional protocols. Overall, while the approach is promising and timely, stronger biological grounding, clearer framing, and additional experimental validation are needed to support the manuscript's broad claims.

eLife Assessment

This important study by Mattenburger et al. employs structural biology, biochemistry, and genetics to advance understanding of how bacteriophage contractile injection systems mediate host recognition and DNA delivery, yielding a remarkable 1.15 A crystal structure of the T4 spike tip complex (gp5-gp5.4). The compelling evidence presented demonstrates that the spike tip protein gp5.4 is essential for phage fitness and successful infection of Escherichia coli strains bearing truncated lipopolysaccharide; however, direct proof regarding interaction with the cell wall or its components is lacking. The study further provides biochemical evidence that the analogous spike tip protein from phage P2 (GpV) is translocated into the host periplasm during infection, together establishing the spike tip as a critical and active component of the phage infection machinery.

eLife Assessment

In their study, Brown et. al. provide an important advance in understanding the architecture of the mycobacterial outer membrane. Using all-atom simulations of model mycomembranes, the work reports compelling structural insights into how α-mycolic acids and outer leaflet lipids (PDIM and PAT) shape membrane organisation. The work revealed membrane heterogeneity with ordered inner leaflets and disordered outer leaflets that provide a molecular explanation for the resilience of the mycobacterial envelope.

eLife Assessment

This important study introduces an innovative synthetic nanobody approach to probe the function of the bacterial SMC complex. The authors provide convincing evidence that these nanobodies target the coiled-coil region of the SMC subunit and demonstrate that this region is critical for SMC function in vivo. Overall, the work is significant for the fields of genome organization, SMC protein biology, synthetic biology, and bacterial cell biology.

[Editors' note: this paper was reviewed by Review Commons.]

eLife Assessment

This paper's biochemical studies of the mechanisms underlying paradoxical activation of RAF family kinases by small-molecule inhibitors have uncovered some important new features of this process by establishing a role for the N-terminal acidic (NtA) motif and showing that CRAF and ARAF can also exhibit paradoxical activation. However, there are substantial criticisms that can be made regarding the data analysis and the evidence for the authors' new model that paradoxical activation does not rely on negative allostery is considered incomplete.

eLife Assessment

This important study presents a convincing methodological approach to probe the structural features of the full-length human Hv1 channel as a purified protein. The method is supported by rigorous biochemical assays and spectral FRET analysis, which will interest biophysicists and physiologists studying Hv1 and other ion channels and membrane proteins. Overall, the work introduces an interesting labeling strategy and provides a methodology that is of value in investigating hHV1 in particular and can be extended to other ion channels. The authors also provide preliminary observations regarding conformational changes induced by zinc.

eLife Assessment

This is an important study that addresses the temporal aspects of cell non-autonomous regulation of lifespan. It demonstrates that the same neurons and neurotransmitter have distinct impacts on longevity at different ages. The data convincingly supports the authors' claims.

eLife Assessment

In this valuable study, the authors examine transcription and chromatin dynamics during early zebrafish development by simultaneously profiling histone modifications and full-length transcriptomes in thousands of single cells, providing solid analysis that chromatin and transcriptional states are initially weakly correlated in early embryonic cells and become progressively more aligned as differentiation proceeds. The work also supports a model in which promoter-anchored cis-spreading of H3K27me3 contributes to stable gene silencing during development. Future functional perturbations and orthogonal validations will be needed to determine the causal contribution of Polycomb spreading to fate commitment. Overall, the dataset and accompanying analyses provide a robust resource and a quantitative framework for studying chromatin-transcription relationships during vertebrate embryogenesis.

[Editors' note: this paper was reviewed by Review Commons.]

eLife Assessment

This important work examines the effects of gaze on valuation signals in the human brain as participants choose between bundles of sequentially presented items food items. The paper provides convincing analyses of how gaze affects participants choice behaviour and how this varies across time. The work will be of interest to neuroscientists working on attention and decision-making.

eLife Assessment

This manuscript addresses an important and conceptually ambitious question by using a synthetic biology strategy to perturb ATP homeostasis in yeast and examine its causal relationship with lifespan. While the experimental approach and lifespan data are intriguing, the current evidence is incomplete and internally inconsistent, particularly regarding intracellular ATP measurements, transporter directionality, mitochondrial dependence, and the proposed mechanistic model. Substantial clarification, additional controls, and further experimentation will be necessary before the main conclusions can be considered robust and the biological significance of the findings can be fully assessed.

eLife Assessment

This study presents an important new method for probing the DNA and proteins associated with targeted chromatin domains in cells. The authors present solid evidence that the method can map DNA-DNA interactions for individual loci and can detect proteins enriched near repetitive DNA loci or targeted gene clusters. The methodological details of this study will be of particular interest and utility to chromatin biologists.

eLife Assessment

Koch et al. describe a valuable novel methodology, SynSAC, to synchronise cells to analyse meiosis I or meiosis II or mitotic metaphase in budding yeast. The authors present convincing data to validate abscisic acid-induced dimerisation to induce a synthetic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) arrest that will be of particular importance to analyse meiosis II. The authors use their approach to determine the composition and phosphorylation of kinetochores from meiotic metaphase I and metaphase II that will be of interest to the broader meiosis research community.

[Editors' note: this paper was reviewed by Review Commons.]

eLife Assessment

This study identifies the uncharacterised protein FAM53C as a novel, potential regulator of the G1/S cell cycle transition, linking its function to the DYRK1A kinase and the RB/p53 pathways. The work is valuable and of interest to the cell cycle field, leveraging a strong computational screen to identify a new candidate. The findings are solid, although confidence in the siRNA depletion phenotypes would have been higher with rescue experiments using an siRNA-resistant cDNA.

[Editors' note: this paper was reviewed by Review Commons.]

eLife Assessment

This important study investigates how differences in heart anatomy and electrical activity relate to observed patterns in ECG signals, with potential implications for understanding sex‑ and disease‑related variation. The study has several compelling strengths, including the development of an open-source pipeline for reconstruction and analysis of heart/torso geometry from a large cohort. However, the strength of evidence remains incomplete, as the conclusions rely heavily on linear modeling approaches whose assumptions are not fully validated, and for which the impact of model error and non‑linear interactions has not been rigorously quantified. The work will be of interest to researchers studying cardiovascular physiology and data‑driven modeling, but the main claims require stronger analytical support. In particular, it would benefit from a more robust evaluation of model uncertainty, clearer presentation of the mathematical framework, and comparison to alternative regression strategies that can better address collinearity and non‑linearity.

eLife Assessment

This important study combines electrocardiographic (ECG) and heart/torso anatomy data from subjects included in the UK Biobank to analyze sex-specific differences in relationships between those two characteristics. The study has several compelling strengths, including the development of an open-source pipeline for reconstruction and analysis of heart/torso geometry from a large cohort. Nevertheless, technical analysis of the data as presented is incomplete, specifically as it pertains to assessment of co-linearity between regressed parameters, interpretation of regression coefficients for sex and/or presence of myocardial infarction, and discussion of potential roles played by underlying electrophysiological derangements. With improvements to these aspects of the analysis, the paper would be of interest to the cardiovascular research community, especially those studying highly relevant health and treatment disparities arising from sex differences.

eLife Assessment

This paper provides solid electrophysiological evidence that an individual's effort expenditure increases the subjective value of a subsequent reward when the beneficiary is the individual themselves, but decreases the subjective value of a reward when the beneficiary is someone else. These findings have valuable implications for our understanding of how effort investment shapes reward evaluation during prosocial behavior.

eLife Assessment

This fundamental study substantially advances our understanding of sibling chimerism in marmosets by demonstrating that chimerism is limited to hematopoietic cells. The evidence supporting these findings is compelling, demonstrated through comprehensive analyses, including single-cell RNA-seq data from multiple individuals and tissues. A few minor concerns were successfully addressed in a revision. The work will be of broad interest to many fields of biology.

eLife Assessment

This well-designed study offers important insights into the development of infants' responses to music based on the exploration of EEG neural auditory responses and video-based movement analysis. The compelling results revealed that evoked responses emerge between 3 and 12 months of age, but no age group demonstrated evidence of coordinated movements to music. This study will be of significant interest to developmental psychologists and neuroscientists, as well as researchers interested in music processing and in the translation of perception into action.

eLife Assessment

This manuscript makes a valuable contribution to the concept of fragility of meta-analyses via the so-called 'ellipse of insignificance for meta-analyses' (EOIMETA). The strength of evidence is convincing, supported primarily by an example of the fragility of meta-analyses in the association between Vitamin D supplementation and cancer mortality, but the approach could be applied in other meta-analytic contexts. The significance of the work could be enhanced with a more thorough assessment of the impact of between-study heterogeneity, additional case studies, and improved contextualization of the proposed approach in relation to other methods.

eLife Assessment

This important study combines microscopy and CRISPR screening to identify factors involved in global chromatin organisation, using centromere clustering as a proxy. The authors present solid evidence demonstrating that acute depletion of a range of mitotic regulators alters centromere distribution in interphase. The work will be of interest to researchers studying genome organisation, nuclear architecture, chromosome biology, and the mechanisms linking mitosis to interphase nuclear organisation.

eLife Assessment

This manuscript provides a valuable contribution by identifying a stress-responsive circuit and its regulation of anxiety-related behaviors. The evidence is convincing that the supramammillary nucleus contains stress-responsive neurons that increase anxiety-like behaviors when activated, and that ventral subiculum projections to the supramammillary are also activated by stress and their inhibition alleviates some effects of stress. Evidence that this pathway encodes and is functionally specific to anxiety is, at present, not sufficiently support and will require future studies. This work offers new insights into how distinct circuits are activated by stress and can regulate emotional behaviors and will be of interest to those interested in brain systems of aversive emotional and behavioral states.

eLife Assessment

This structural biology study provides insights into the assembly of the GID/CTLH E3 ligase complex. The multi-subunit complex forms unique, ring-shaped assemblies and the findings presented here describe a "specificity code" that regulates formation of subunit interfaces. The data supporting the conclusions are convincing, both in thoroughness and rigor. This study will be valuable to biochemists, structural biologists, and could lay foundation for novel designed protein assemblies.

eLife Assessment

This study presents a valuable contribution by introducing a model-based, Bayesian method for inferring action potentials from calcium imaging data that directly quantifies uncertainty in spike timing through posterior distributions. Using a Monte Carlo particle Gibbs sampling approach, the method achieves temporal resolution and accuracy comparable to existing techniques while offering the key added benefit of principled uncertainty estimates. The underlying methodology and characterization are convincing, and the work will be of particular interest to theoretically oriented neuroscientists seeking rigorous new tools for data-driven parameter inference.

eLife Assessment

This study presents a well-executed investigation into how the olfactory system disconnects from the environment during sleep and anesthesia, identifying a potential gating mechanism at the earliest synaptic stages of the olfactory bulb. The findings are important, as they challenge current theories by demonstrating that sensory gating occurs in non-thalamic pathways even under controlled airflow conditions. The strength of evidence is solid, supported by rigorous multimodal recordings, although the reliance on anesthetic models to draw conclusions about natural sleep is a limitation that requires further contextualization.

eLife Assessment

The present work provides new insights into detailed brain morphology. Using state-of-the-art methods, it provides compelling evidence for the relevance of sucal morphology for the precise localization of brain function. The fundamental findings have great relevance for the fields of imaging neuroscience and individualized medicine as ever-improving techniques improve precision to the point where individual brain anatomy is taking centre stage.

eLife Assessment

The study investigates an emerging research field: the interaction between sleep and development. The authors used Drosophila larvae sleep as a study model and provide insight into how neuropeptide circuitry control sleep differentially between larvae and adult Drosophila. By using board range of behaviour and imaging methods and analysis, the authors provide a valuable investigation that demonstrates a larvae-specific sleep regulatory neural pathway of Hugin-PK2-Dilps in the Drosophila neurosecretory centre IPC. While some further text clarifications are still required, the revision presented convincing evidence supporting the claims with the new imaging data, sleep parametric analysis, and further clarification addressing the reviewers' comments.

eLife Assessment

This important article reports on the role of specific interneurons in the motion processing circuitry of the fruit fly, and marshals convincing evidence from neural recording, genetic manipulation, and behavioral analysis. A significant result ties the activity of C2/C3 neurons to the temporal resolution of the motion vision system. It remains unclear whether disrupting this pathway affects the dynamics of vision more generally.

eLife Assessment

This is a solid paper on intermittent fasting that will be of interest to readers. The data presented are certainly valuable as a resource. The findings of both shared and tissue-specific signatures, both at the proteomic and transcriptomic levels, align well with what has been established and bring new insight into metabolic adaptation and its consequences in muscle, cortex, and liver. The organ specific changes unveiled by proteomics in response to IF reveal unique rewiring of metabolic, signaling and physiological function.

eLife Assessment

This useful and interesting study provides evidence that EABR mRNA is at least as effective as standard S mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. The authors provide convincing justification for the conclusion that the inconsistent statistical significance for Omicron is likely due to immune imprinting or original antigenic sin. In this regard, the significance of the findings is stronger as it points to possible challenges for updated vaccine strategies in overcoming immune imprinting.

eLife Assessment

These findings are among some of the first to identify a behavioral and neurobiological substrate that disentangles nonassociative from associative fear responses following stress, providing a fundamental push forward in the field. The evidence supporting this is compelling and uses a variety of conceptual and technological approaches. This investigation will be of interest to neuroscientists and behaviourists broadly, as well as clinicians for its relevance to post-traumatic stress disorder.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study shows that targeted mutations in specific cassava eIF4E-family genes can reduce infection and disease symptoms caused by cassava brown streak viruses. Through systematic knockouts across the eIF4E gene family, the authors provide convincing evidence that certain double mutants show resistance-associated outcomes. Overall, the work supports practical routes to engineer cassava with improved resistance and clarifies which host factors are relevant for this disease.

eLife Assessment

This useful study uses in vitro electrophysiology, projection-specific chemogenetics, and different behavioural tasks to investigate the role of Vglut1-expression in basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens in aspects of motivated behaviour. Although the manuscript is clearly written, the strength of the evidence supporting claims about the role of this pathway is incomplete. Currently, the work may be of interest to some behavioural neuroscientists, but additional controls and further clarification of specific analyses would strengthen their broader significance.

eLife Assessment

In this study, the authors investigated how inference about the current task context, by weighting evidence based on surprise and uncertainty in the environment, is encoded in the cortex. Using MEG imaging and an impressive amount of analytic work based on normative decision modeling, they provided solid evidence for the involvement of the visual and parietal cortex. These results are a valuable complement to and extension of a previous study using fMRI measurements, by identifying the candidate regions that are of importance for the inference process, not just for encoding the end product.

eLife Assessment

This important study links blood-derived dietary content to sustained increases in sleep in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Using multiple independent approaches, the authors provide convincing evidence for blood-induced changes in sleep. These findings have broad implications for understanding how specialized diets regulate sleep across species and for mosquito vector biology.

eLife Assessment

This manuscript reports a potentially valuable modeling study on sequence generation in the hippocampus in a variety of behavioral contexts. While the scope of the model is ambitious, its presentation is incomplete, and there remains some lack of clarity on the methodology and interpretation. The work will interest the broad community of researchers studying cortical-hippocampal interactions and sequences.

eLife Assessment

This is a potentially valuable modeling study on sequence generation in the hippocampus in a variety of behavioral contexts. While the scope of the model is ambitious, its presentation is incomplete and would benefit from substantially more methodological clarity and better biological justification. The work will interest the broad community of researchers studying cortical-hippocampal interactions and sequences.

eLife Assessment

This important paper presents a rigorous and comprehensive deep mutational analysis of the kinase TYK2, revealing how single amino acid substitutions influence protein abundance, signaling activity, and responses to pharmacological inhibitors. By combining high‑quality experimental design with dose‑response signaling assays and multiple inhibitor conditions, the authors generate a robust dataset that identifies variants across all domains of TYK2, including clusters at functionally critical sites and protein-protein interfaces. The study highlights mutations that drive drug resistance or potentiation and shows that reduced TYK2 abundance aligns with protective autoimmune‑associated variants, underscoring the therapeutic relevance of modulating TYK2 stability. Overall, the work provides compelling insights with clear implications for biochemistry, immunology, clinical genetics, and drug discovery.

eLife Assessment

The authors establish solid theoretical principles for designing brain perturbations under the assumption that brain activity evolves under a linear model. By prioritizing low-variance components, resonant frequencies, and hub nodes, this framework provides an important foundation for optimizing information gain, neural state classification, and the control of neural dynamics. However, the lack of investigation of model mismatch makes the study incomplete.

eLife assessment

This important study uses state-of-the-art, multi-region two-photon calcium imaging to characterize the statistics of functional connectivity between visual cortical neurons. Although alternative interpretations may partially account for the data, the study provides solid evidence that functionally distinct classes of neurons convey visual information via parallel channels within and across both primary and higher-order cortical areas.

eLife Assessment

This useful study presents a simple homeostatic-plasticity model in spiking E-I networks to link spontaneous critical dynamics with representational drift and relatively stable stimulus-response geometry in mouse visual cortex. However, the evidence is incomplete because key concepts and analysis details are not well defined, controls are limited, and several results might be the result of specific methodological choices (e.g., dimensionality reduction, aggregation, or tuned parameters) rather than a robust mechanism. As a result, the work currently supports an interesting correlation between these phenomena, but not a clear causal account.

eLife Assessment

Using a combination of innovative and robust techniques, this study outlines cell-type-specific translational landscape changes that occur in the spinal cord neurons in the early and late phases of nerve injury. The authors provided compelling evidence suggesting an essential role of protein synthesis regulation in the chronic phase of neuropathic pain. Although additional mechanisms contributing to late-phase neuropathic pain beyond altered PV+ neuron excitability remain to be elucidated, this is a fundamental and significant study toward a comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathways involved in neuropathic pain.

eLife Assessment

In this manuscript, Wafer and Tandon et al. present a thoughtful and well-designed genetic screen for regulators of adipose remodeling using zebrafish as a model system. This work is valuable because it uncovers several genes associated with adipose tissue hyperplastic hypertrophic morphology and diet-induced remodelingthe hat have considerable potential health impact. The rigorous phenotypic analyses and compelling evidence make this work a key resource for the field.

eLife Assessment

In this important study, the authors provide a simple yet elegant approach to identifying therapeutic targets that synergize to prevent therapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer using cell lines, data-independent acquisition proteomics, and bioinformatic analysis. The authors convincingly identify several combinations of pharmaceuticals that were able to overcome or prevent therapeutic resistance in culture models of ovarian cancer, a disease with an unmet diagnostic and therapeutic need. This work will be of interest to researchers focused on ovarian cancer.

eLife Assessment

This valuable computational study presents a conceptually simple and biologically plausible reinforcement-learning framework for motor learning based on policy-gradient methods. The evidence supporting the conclusions is convincing, including rigorous mathematical derivations of learning rules for the mean and variance of motor commands and simulation results for three sets of experimental data, based on three different motor learning tasks from the literature. However, there is a lack of a clear description of the specific conditions under which this framework yields unique mechanistic insights or predictive values, hence falling short of qualifying as a "general theory of motor learning". The work will be of interest to researchers in computational motor learning and motor neuroscience.

eLife Assessment

This study addresses an important gap in drug discovery by delivering a rigorous, large-scale evaluation of widely used co-folding methods for predicting ligand-bound protein complexes and virtual screening. A key strength is the comprehensive benchmarking framework, which leverages structures and chemical compounds that were absent from the AI models training set, thereby providing particularly compelling and unbiased evidence of co-folding performance. The findings clearly delineate the complementary roles of deep learning-based co-folding and physics-based docking, offering practical guidance for their rational integration into drug discovery workflows. Although the conclusions are convincing, improvements in the test cases, presentation, and usability can further strengthen the overall impact.

eLife Assessment

In this study, the authors describe the degradation of HDACs in late HSV-1 infection and attempt to link this phenomenon to HDAC export to the cytoplasm and to DNA damage response. However, the evidence is incomplete, as many of the experiments are lacking in rigor. As a result, mechanistic links to the proposed model are weak.

eLife Assessment

This useful study examines patterns of clonal reproduction and somatic mutations in 'Pando', a massive, quaking aspen clone consisting of ~47000 stems. Because the study relies on relatively low-coverage, reduced-representation genomic resequencing data for the detection of somatic mutations, the evidence provided for several of the primary conclusions about clone age and the relationship between mutation accumulation and geographic distance is incomplete.

eLife Assessment

This important study explores whether complex structures that are lost during evolution can re-evolve, which is a long-standing debate in evolutionary and developmental biology. The authors demonstrate that re-evolution can occur if the gene regulatory network that underlies the development of complex traits is maintained. The evidence supporting its conclusions is solid and the work will be of interest to those studying the evolution and development of complex traits.

eLife Assessment

This important study provides new insight into the regulation of cell organization and division in Trypanosoma brucei through the control of a kinesin motor protein by a polo-like kinase. The authors present solid evidence from rigorous biochemical and imaging analyses showing that phosphorylation modulates kinesin function and cellular organization. However, direct in vivo evidence that PLK phosphorylates kinesin-G is lacking.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study uses a large cohort of clinical malaria cases collected over 18 years to address a critical knowledge gap regarding the role of PfEMP1 variants across distinct severe malaria syndromes. The conclusions are potentially of importance and interest to those who study malaria severity, but the evidence is incomplete, largely due to a lack of clarity on data inclusion and the correct use of statistical tests. More up-to-date data analysis methods would further strengthen the conclusions.

eLife Assessment

This important study presents a novel immunotherapy strategy for cancer. The authors develop a whole-tumor cell vaccine comprised of senescent tumor cells and a COX2 inhibitor in a hydrogel matrix. They present convincing evidence of the efficacy of this approach in preclinical models, demonstrating that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) modulates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) toward an immunostimulatory state, although more mechanistic/functional work would strengthen their conclusions. This work is timely and will be of interest to immunologists and others interested in the development of novel cancer therapies.

eLife Assessment

This important work describes systematic computational and experimental approaches to turn a moderately stable α-helical bundle into a very stable fold. The authors advance our understanding of α-helix stabilization providing a convenient framework that has general implications for the protein design field. The main claims have convincing support through a sound methodology, with strong specific conclusions for designing mechanically, thermally, and chemically stable α-helical bundles.

eLife Assessment

This is an important study showing that movement vigor is not solely an individual property but emerges through interaction when two people are physically linked. The evidence is convincing, supported by a well-controlled experimental design and modeling that closely match the observed behavior. While the authors provided a helpful comparison of several candidate models of human-human interaction dynamics, the statistical power remains limited.

eLife Assessment

This valuable work extends a previously published regression framework for trial-aligned photometry data incorporating functional variables. However, the evidence is generally incomplete, due to the way that within-trial changes in variables have been incorporated into an inherently cross-trial analysis framework, which will limit general adoption. The ideas in this work will be of interest to researchers analyzing photometry signals.

eLife Assessment

This manuscript explores the dynamic behaviors of Pol II and Pol III puncta that encompass the SL1 and 5S genes, following up on the authors' prior studies on ATTF-6. The authors show that ATTF-6 is required for RNA Pol II but not RNA Pol III foci, demonstrating that within the gene cluster, the regulation of RNA Pol II and RNA Pol III remain distinct from each other. The study is useful for analyzing understudied gene families, but it is incomplete and needs additional edits and experiments.

eLife Assessment

This fundamental work uncovers an unexpected lysosomal function for NINJ2 and links it to ferroptosis and cancer biology. The evidence supporting the conclusions appears to be convincing. Additional mechanistic clarification, particularly around the NINJ2-LAMP1 interaction and ferroptosis specificity, will further strengthen the manuscript. This work will be of general interest to the community of ferroptosis and cancer biology.

eLife Assessment

This important study addresses the long-debated hypothesis that humans preferentially choose partners with dissimilar immune genes, using data from a small-scale society that allows comparison between arranged and self-chosen partnerships. Across multiple analyses controlling for genome-wide relatedness and examining functional immune diversity, the authors find no evidence of HLA/MHC-based (dis)assortative mating, suggesting that immune gene variation has limited influence on mate choice in this relatively homogeneous population and that the observed patterns instead reflect selection acting directly on immune loci. While the strength of the evidence is compelling for this population, several conclusions rely on indirect reconstruction methods and imputed data for a very complex region of the genome, which may limit how firmly some claims can be supported.

eLife Assessment

This study presents a valuable finding on the condition dependence of autophagy-mediated lifespan regulation in C. elegans. The evidence is solid, as the data broadly support the main claims, although variability between biological replicates and limited mechanistic exploration leave some conclusions less firmly established. The work will be of interest to researchers studying autophagy, ageing, and intracellular trafficking.

eLife Assessment

This study establishes a methodology (machine vision and gaze pose estimation) and behavioral apparatus for examining social interactions between pairs of marmoset monkeys. It has been difficult to study social interactions using artificial stimuli rather than genuine interactions between unrestrained animals. This study makes a fundamental contribution to social neuroscience research in a laboratory setting. Their results are convincing showing that the study of unrestrained social interactions is possible with detailed quantification of position and gaze. The methodology presented here is relevant to research in social neuroscience, neuroethology, and primatology.

eLife Assessment

This important work examines the effects of side-wall confinement on chemotaxis of swimming bacteria in a shallow microfluidic channel. The authors present convincing experimental evidence, combined with geometric analysis and numerical simulations of simplified models, showing that chemotaxis is enhanced when the distance between the side walls is comparable to the intrinsic radius of chiral circular swimming near open surfaces. This study should be of interest to scientists specializing in bacteria-surface interactions.

eLife Assessment

This interesting study presents a multi-OMICs approach to unify different lines of evidence regarding the epigenetic regulation of the key virulence factor causing placental malaria during P. falciparum infection. Most results are confirmatory of previous observations; nonetheless, the claims are supported by convincing evidence. The combinatorial approach chosen here is unprecedented and therefore provides valuable new data. In addition, the comparative investigation of different DNA methylation modifications is novel and disproves a direct role in var gene regulation.

eLife Assessment

This important research investigates the precision of numerosity perception in two types of tasks and concludes that human performance aligns with an efficient coding model optimized for current environmental statistics and task goals. The proposed model receives compelling evidence from two numerosity perception experiments and a reanalysis of an existing dataset of risky decision-making. These findings have theoretical implications for our understanding of numerosity perception and decision-making as well as the ongoing debate on different efficient coding models.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study is an approach to integrating and comparing single-cell genomics data across species. The evidence supporting the conclusions of this work is solid, and ANTIPODE presents an updated methodological approach to determining how gene expression at the cell-type level has evolved. Thus, ANTIPODE should provide broad utility to studies of comparative neurogenomics and be of use to neuroscientists and evolutionary biologists.

eLife Assessment

This manuscript identifies temperature-dependent alternative splicing of PIF4 in Arabidopsis thaliana and shows that heat stress promotes the accumulation of a short exon 5-skipping isoform that is predicted to encode a non-functional protein. This finding is important, and it provides an intriguing new layer of regulation for PIF4; however, the strength of the mechanistic conclusions is limited, and several key conclusions rely on indirect evidence. As a result, while the data robustly demonstrate heat-regulated alternative splicing of PIF4, the causal role of PIF4 isoforms' balance in shaping heat-induced developmental responses remains only partially supported and the strength of the evidence presented is incomplete. This work will be of interest to biologists working on alternative splicing.

eLife Assessment

The revised manuscript by Shukla et al. provides important mechanistic insights into kinesin-1 autoinhibition and cargo-mediated activation. Through a convincing integration of protein engineering, computational modeling, biophysical assays, HDX-MS, and electron microscopy, the study delineates how cargo binding induces an allosteric transition that propagates along the coiled-coil stalk to the motor domains, enhancing MAP7 engagement. The revisions substantially improve clarity, figure annotation, and methodological transparency, leaving the remaining limitations, primarily those inherent to conformational heterogeneity and resolution, appropriately acknowledged. Overall, the updated manuscript presents a coherent mechanism for kinesin-1 activation that will be of broad interest to the motor protein, structural biology, and cell biology communities.

eLife assessment

This manuscript provides an important contribution to the field of platelet biogenesis, and the convincing evidence will advance our understanding of signal transduction driving the development of late megakaryopoiesis and platelet reactivity that results in bleeding diathesis. The paper is noteworthy for analyzing two related, either singly or in combination, tyrosine phosphatases in this conditional, stage development gene knockout. Because SHP1 is a negative regulator and SHP2 is an activator, the synergistic effects found in the double knockout were surprising.

eLife Assessment

This study provides valuable findings in the study of enhancer biology by identifying and dissecting a minimal enhancer regulating dlx2b expression during zebrafish tooth development, supported by promoter dissection, reporter assays, and genome-editing approaches. The work offers a resource and extends previous findings but has limited broader impact, with several conclusions about general cis-regulatory principles and functional consequences remaining only partially supported. Accordingly, the strength of evidence is at present incomplete, as additional functional validation would be needed to fully substantiate some of the claims.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study advances our understanding of how organisms respond to chronic oxidative stress. Using the nematode C. elegans, the authors identified key neuronal signaling molecules and their receptors that are required for stress signaling and survival. The evidence supporting the conclusions is solid, including rigorous genetics, stress response analysis, and transcriptional profiling. This research will be of broad interest to neuroscientists and researchers working in the field of oxidative stress regulation.

eLife Assessment

This important study shows that orientation tuning of V1 neurons is suppressed during a continuous flash suppression paradigm, especially in neurons with binocular receptive fields. These findings, made using cutting-edge imaging techniques, convincingly implicate early visual processing in continuous flash suppression, in agreement with previous studies suggesting reduced effective contrast of such stimuli in V1.

eLife Assessment

The authors show that innate defensive behavior in mice is shaped by threat intensity, reward value, and social hierarchy, highlighting how value and social context influence instinctive decisions. The authors provide a valuable characterization of escape behavior which approximates naturalistic conditions. The evidence is incomplete due to indirect measures of vigilance and somewhat misleading characterizations of the looming stimulus.

eLife Assessment

This is an important study reporting that activation of the presynaptic GPR55 receptor suppresses synaptic transmission by modulating GABA release through the reduction of the readily releasable pool without affecting the presynaptic AP waveform and calcium influx. The evidence supporting this claim is compelling and based on an impressive array of techniques including patch-clamp recordings from the axon terminals of cerebellar Purkinje cells and fluorescent imaging of vesicular exocytosis. While the authors have strengthened their conclusions on several technical fronts in the revised version, further investigation is needed into the mechanism by which GPR55 activation might make vesicles insensitive to the rise in presynaptic [Ca²⁺] mediated by VGCCs, and the nature of the endogenous process that would activate this pathway in vivo.

eLife Assessment

This important research investigates the precision of numerosity perception in two types of tasks and concludes that human performance aligns with an efficient coding model optimized for current environmental statistics and task goals. The proposed model receives compelling evidence from two numerosity perception experiments and a reanalysis of an existing dataset of risky decision-making. These findings have theoretical implications for our understanding of numerosity perception and decision-making as well as the ongoing debate on different efficient coding models.

eLife Assessment

This study provides important insights into how Trypanosoma cruzi populations diversify surface protein expression, showing through single-cell RNA sequencing that trans-sialidase-like genes are expressed heterogeneously across individual parasites, a pattern with clear implications for immune evasion. The evidence is convincing, supported by robust single-cell transcriptomic analyses, consistent quantitative measures of expression heterogeneity, and integration with genomic organization that together argue against purely stochastic expression.

eLife Assessment

This work of fundamental significance introduces a novel statistical model of spiking activity that incorporates continuous-time gain modulation. The authors provide exceptional evidence that the model outperforms earlier approaches and alternative candidates in capturing spiking responses across multiple visual areas in the macaque. Beyond its methodological contribution, the study offers new insights into how stimulus-driven variability and internally generated gain fluctuations evolve over time and between brain areas. The framework is likely to find broad application beyond the datasets examined here.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study demonstrates how individual taste preferences shift over time, how these changes relate to cortical activity, and how experience reshapes both. The evidence is largely solid, although additional analyses are needed to strengthen some of the conclusions. The results should be of interest to neuroscientists studying sensory physiology.

eLife Assessment

This study presents valuable insights into cellular sites of monoamine production and presence in Pristionchus pacificus, providing a comparative reference for the detailed knowledge of C. elegans, as well as using this information to compare serotonergic anatomy in 22 nematode species. Functional assays support evolved differences in monoaminergic control over certain, but not all, tested behaviors. The evidence is convincing, combining careful genetic experiments and comparative analysis that are well aligned with the conclusions. The results will serve as a basis for (comparative) structural-functional studies of nematode behavior.

eLife Assessment

This study presents valuable findings on how retrieval practice protects memory inferences from stress via covert memory reactivation. Via two EEG experiments manipulating stress and retrieval practice, the authors provide solid evidence supporting the conclusion. This work will be of interest to cognitive and affective neuroscientists working on the intersection between memory and stress.

eLife Assessment

In this fundamental work Horne et al present compelling evidence that YbjP is a novel binding partner of the TolC channel protein. The YbjP is characterized using cryo-EM, and its role probed using pull-down experiments, in vivo crosslinking, functional assays along with phylogenetic analysis which are all properly performed and presented and support the main conclusions. While the study does not identify a clear role for this protein, the results contribute to the understanding of this complex system and will be of interest to those working in the fields of membrane transport and antimicrobial resistance.

eLife Assessment

This useful study presents a new method to identify the activity of single motor units from intramuscular EMG recordings. Validation against state-of-the-art techniques is limited to a small sample of simulated motor units; consequently, the evidence supporting the method's accuracy remains incomplete. The manuscript would be significantly strengthened by using more unbiased simulations for validation, validating the method with experimental datasets, comparing it against more recent techniques, and investigating how muscle physiology impacts accuracy.

eLife Assessment

This modeling study proposes important new insights into the circuit mechanisms underlying navigational control in insects. High-speed video recordings of ants are compared to detailed predictions from a new computational model, whose description is incomplete. If the model is sound, the similarities between the model and behavioral data suggest how complex behavioral motifs can emerge from a simple neural circuit. These results will be of interest to scientists studying the neural circuit basis of behavior, particularly in insects.

eLife Assessment

This study provides important insights into the crosstalk between ATG2A with components of the early secretory pathway. While the mechanisms governing autophagic membrane expansion remain yet to be fully understood, in this study the authors employ an elegant proximity labelling approach and identify two ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)-localized proteins. Through a series of complementary experiments combining microscopy and biochemistry, the authors identify ARFGAP1 and Rab1A as components of early autophagic membranes, which accumulate at the periphery of pre-autophagosomal structures induced by loss of ATG2. The overall study is well executed and the evidence supporting the claims is convincing.

eLife Assessment

This study presents valuable findings on the ability of a state-of-the-art method, Temporally Delayed Linear Modelling (TDLM), to detect the replay of sequences in human memory. The investigation provides compelling evidence that TDLM has significant limitations in its sensitivity to detect replay in extended (minutes-long) rest periods. The work will be of strong interest to researchers investigating memory reactivation in humans, especially using iEEG, MEG, and EEG.

eLife Assessment

This study presents an assessment of the effect of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition on the activity of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The data were collected and analyzed using solid and validated methodology. This paper makes a useful contribution to the field as it considers a control analysis of LDH flux. The findings differ from other published findings likely due to the time course of the incubations used to assess metabolism. While such comparative studies were not presented in the manuscript, the manuscript should be interpreted in light of this critical distinction.

eLife Assessment

This study presents an important methodological advance-Liver-CUBIC combined with multicolor metallic nanoparticle perfusion-that enables high-resolution 3D visualization of the liver's complex multi-ductal architecture. The identification of the Periportal Lamellar Complex (PLC) as a novel perivascular structure with distinct cellular composition and low-permeability characteristics is convincing, supported by rigorous imaging data. The observed scaffolding role during fibrosis offers intriguing biological insights, though the functional claims would benefit from direct experimental validation.

eLife Assessment

This study now provides solid evidence for a role of EndoA3-mediated trafficking of ICAM-1 to the immune synapse with T cells. The study will be valuable to those studying cell-cell communication in the immune system, and opens additional questions regarding the mechanisms involved and how other adhesion ligands are regulated.

eLife Assessment

This important study investigates how infestation by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) reshapes rice carbohydrate allocation and demonstrates that host-derived glucose enhances insect fecundity and imidacloprid tolerance, through the activation of conserved nutrient-sensing and endocrine pathways. Across extensive and complementary approaches, including plant manipulations, glucose supplementation, RNAi, pharmacological inhibition, rescue experiments, and biochemical assays, the authors provide convincing evidence that glucose activates the TOR-juvenile hormone-vitellogenin axis to promote reproduction and co-regulates GST-mediated detoxification via both TOR-JH signaling and GCL-GSH metabolism. The mechanistic framework is coherent and well supported by hierarchical validation and functional assays. Some limitations remain regarding the generality of the findings across other pest species and insecticides, and aspects of the evolutionary framing would benefit from more cautious interpretation; nonetheless, the work substantially advances our understanding of how plant-derived nutrients interface with conserved insect signaling pathways to shape fitness-related traits, and will be of broad interest to researchers studying plant-insect interactions, insect physiology, and pest management.

eLife Assessment

This manuscript presents a valuable investigation of the peptidoglycan (PG) recycling pathway in Caulobacter crescentus. The authors showed that PG recycling in C. crescentus is essential not only for β-lactam (ampicillin) resistance but also for cell morphology, efficient division, and overall fitness. The study is comprehensive and compelling.

eLife Assessment

This important study introduces an advance in multi-animal tracking by reframing identity assignment as a self-supervised contrastive representation learning problem. It eliminates the need for segments of video where all animals are simultaneously visible and individually identifiable, and significantly improves tracking speed, accuracy, and robustness with respect to occlusion. This innovation, which is supported through compelling evidence, has implications beyond animal tracking, potentially connecting with advances in behavioral analysis and computer vision.

eLife Assessment

Karimian et al. present a valuable new model to explain how gamma-band synchrony (30-80 Hz) can support human visual feature binding by selectively grouping image elements, countering recent criticisms that the stimulus dependence of gamma oscillations limits their functional role. Grounded in the theory of weakly coupled oscillators the model captures behavioural patterns observed in human psychophysics, offering support for the potential role of synchrony-based mechanisms in feature-binding. The development of the model in alignment with primate electrophysiology convincingly supports the paper's claims that gamma synchrony may be the underlying mechanism. While the paper does not present electrophysiological results that directly link gamma oscillations to figure-ground segregation in the presented task, the model makes several predictions that can be tested experimentally.

eLife Assessment

This important study provides a nuanced analysis of the impact of cues on cost/benefit decision-making deficits in male rats that could have translational relevance to many addictive disorders. The main findings are that cues paired with rewarded outcomes increase the proportion of risky outcomes, whereas risky choice is reduced when cues are paired with reward loss. The experimental data are compelling, whereas the computational analysis based on the optimisation of different Q-learning models is solid. The findings will be of interest to behavioural neuroscientists and clinicians with an interest in risk, decision making, and gambling disorders.

eLife Assessment

This study provides a useful analysis of the changes in chromatin organization and gene expression that occur during the differentiation of two cell types (anterior endoderm and prechordal plate) from a common progenitor in zebrafish, together with investigations into the molecular factors involved. Although the findings are consistent with previous work, the evidence presented appears to be incomplete and would benefit from more rigorous quantification of live imaging and Cre-Lox experiments, a stronger rationale and controls for experiments manipulating chromatin remodeling factors, and a strong justification for the explant model especially given differences between explant and whole embryo data. This work may be of interest to zebrafish developmental biologists investigating the mechanisms underlying specification.

eLife Assessment

This important study investigates how the Cdv division proteins of Metallosphaera sedula assemble on and interact with curved membranes in vitro, advancing our understanding of this reduced ESCRT-like machinery. The data provide support for sequential protein recruitment and curvature-dependent enrichment at membrane necks, based on well-controlled reconstitution assays and quantitative analysis. The work establishes a convincing experimental framework for dissecting Cdv-mediated membrane remodeling. The study will be of broad interest to evolutionary and synthetic biologists as well as membrane biophysicists.

eLife Assessment

This study systematically characterizes the activity patterns of a lateral supramammillary nucleus (SuM)-medial septum (MS)-hippocampus circuit across sleep-wake cycles and its role in memory consolidation. This work is fundamental because it identifies a previously unrecognized brain hub that helps coordinate how different types of memory are supported during a specific sleep state, advancing our understanding of how sleep contributes to memory organization. The work is well-designed, and the data are solid, supporting clear and significant conclusions; however, some mechanistic details and causal relationships would benefit from further clarification or additional experiments. The paper provides new insights into how distinct memory modalities could be processed by parallel, sleep-active subcortical-hippocampal circuits, which would be of general interest to a broad neuroscience audience.

eLife Assessment

This paper describes an important advance in a 2D in vitro neural culture system to generate mature, functional, diverse, and geometrically consistent cultures, in a 384-well format with defined dimensions and the absence of the necrotic core, which persists for up to 300 days. The well-based format and conserved geometry make it a promising tool for arrayed screening studies. The evidence is compelling and provides a method for generating consistent 3D cortical layer-like organization.

eLife Assessment

This study presents a valuable finding on the neural representation of time from two distinct egocentric and allocentric reference frames. The evidence is solid and largely supports the hypothesis, with one caveat that the task differences could impact the observed effects. The work will be of interest to cognitive neuroscientists working on the perception and memory of time.

eLife Assessment

The study provides important mechanistic insight into the transcriptional control of γδT17 development, elegantly demonstrating how HEB and Id3 act sequentially and cooperatively to regulate γδT17 cell specification and maturation. The study provides compelling evidence that advances the understanding of E-Id protein dynamics in thymic T cell specification. The work is comprehensive, technically rigorous, and conceptually clear, and will be of interest to immunologists, developmental biologists, and those studying the molecular underpinnings of physiological outcomes.

eLife Assessment

This important study examines the role of TNF in modulating energy metabolism during parasite infection. The authors perform an elegant set of studies, however the evidence supporting the major claims of the manuscript is incomplete, particularly in highlighting a direct role for GLUT1 in monocytes. This work integrates an interesting set of observations that will be of interest to the Plasmodium and pathogenesis communities with an expanded set of experiments.

eLife Assessment

This study presents a valuable finding on how the GAP DLC1, a deactivator of the small GTPase RhoA, regulates RhoA activity globally as well as at Focal Adhesions. Using a new acute optogenetic system coupled to a RhoA activity biosensor, the authors present convincing evidence that DLC1 amplifies local Rho activity at Focal Adhesions. Thanks to modeling, they show that DLC1 is needed for a negative feedback loop that engage more RhoA deactivators upon RhoA activation, highlighting the complex regulation of RhoGTPases in space and time.

eLife Assessment

This study represents an important advance in our understanding of how certain inhibitors affect the behavior of voltage gated potassium channels. Robust molecular dynamics simulation and analysis methods lead to a new proposed inhibition mechanism with strength of support being mostly convincing, though computational evidence is limited for some conformations discussed. This study has considerable significance for the fields of ion channel physiology and pharmacology and could aid in development of selective inhibitors for protein targets.

eLife Assessment

Using a transposon sequencing (TN-seq) approach, the authors identified key genetic determinants of drug tolerance in Mycobacterium abscessus. Given that M. abscessus is inherently resistant to multiple antibiotics, this valuable study makes a significant contribution by uncovering how antibiotic tolerance is linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) species. The solid findings further strengthen the growing evidence that ROS play a central role in the mechanism of antibiotic action and tolerance in mycobacteria. However, the use of words persistence or tolerance should follow the consensus definition given in the Balaban 2019 Nat Rev Micro paper.

eLife Assessment

This important study analyzed the impact of amino acid homorepeats on protein expression and solubility in yeast and E. coli. The authors provided convincing evidence that hydrophobic and positively charged amino acids are toxic and that counterselection during evolution reduced the occurrence of such proteotoxic protein sequences. This study will be of interest to cell biologists and biochemists, particularly those working on proteostasis.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study identifies a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by variants in ARID5B, supported by solid human genetic evidence from a well-characterized cohort. While the clinical data establish a clear genotype-phenotype correlation, the functional evidence regarding the proposed molecular mechanisms remains incomplete. Addressing the gaps in the functional characterization and refining the clinical assertions would significantly strengthen the conclusions.

eLife Assessment

This study presents important findings by identifying small molecules that can stabilize and refold missense-mutated VHL tumor suppressor protein, offering a potential therapeutic approach for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The computational design approach is well-executed, but the evidence is incomplete due to insufficient demonstration that HIF2 downregulation occurs through on-target VHL rescue rather than off-target effects. Additional experiments with appropriate controls are needed to establish the specificity of the mechanism.

eLife Assessment

This important study advances our understanding of developmental timing mechanisms by studying the cleavage, nuclear translocation, and oscillation of the transcription factor MYRF-1 (vertebrate MYRF) during C. elegans larval development. The evidence supporting the conclusions is solid, with elegant genome engineering experiments and state-of-the-art microscopy. The work will be of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists.

eLife Assessment

This manuscript by Feng et al. provides valuable evidence regarding the hematopoietic differentiation of bone marrow endothelial cells in the adult mouse. Overall, the authors have addressed our main concerns. Solid data now more strongly support long-term multi-lineage reconstitution of the adult hemogenic endothelial cells. However, critical data, especially regarding the endothelial cells' hematopoietic identity and functional capacity, remain insufficient, which limits the strength of the hemogenic claim, especially the assertion that these adult hemogenic ECs generate bona fide HSCs. Additional experiments would be necessary to fully rule out alternative explanations.

eLife Assessment

This study provides valuable insights into addressing the question of whether the prevalence of autoimmune disease could be driven by sex differences in the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, correlating with higher rates of autoimmune disease in females. The authors compared male and female TCR repertoires using bulk RNA sequencing, from sorted thymocyte subpopulations in pediatric and adult human thymuses; however, the analyses provided do not provide sufficient discrimination and incompletely support the central claims regarding sex differences in the TCR repertoire and potential autoimmune bias.

eLife Assessment

This fundamental study investigates whether neural prediction of words can be measured through pre-activation of neural network word representations in the brain; convincing evidence is provided that neural network representations of neighboring words are correlated in natural language. This study urges future studies to carefully differentiate between neural activity that predicts the upcoming word and neural activity that encodes the current words, which contain information that can be used to predict the upcoming word. The study is of potential interest to researchers investigating language encoding in the brain or in large language models.

eLife Assessment

The submission by Praveen et al. reports important findings describing the structure of genetic and colour variation in its native range for the globally invasive weed Lantana camara. Whilst the importance of the research question and the scale of the sampling is appreciated, the analysis, which is currently incomplete, requires further tests to support the claims made by the authors.

eLife Assessment

Winter months with short days are commonly associated with seasonal depression and hypersomnolence; the mechanisms behind this hypersomnolence however, remain unclear. Chen and colleagues identify a genetic basis for this phenomenon in the fly Drosophila - mutations in the circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome resulted in increased sleep under short photoperiods. These findings are valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms regulating sleep under short days. The data supporting the precise neurobiological basis of these effects however, remains incomplete.

eLife Assessment

This important study introduces LUNA, a new autofocusing method that achieves nanoscale precision and robustly corrects focus drift during time-lapse microscopy, improving imaging under temperature shifts. The authors exploit this technical advance to investigate the bacterial cold shock response, providing solid evidence that individual cells continue to grow and divide in a highly coordinated process that cannot be observed in population-level measurements. This work offers a technical and conceptual framework for reconciling discrepancies between bulk and single-cell growth measurements, with broad relevance for cell biology and microbiology.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study introduces MPS, an open-source pipeline that addresses a significant technical bottleneck by making miniscope data analysis more accessible. Characterized by speed and a low barrier to entry, the software's performance is supported by solid evidence. This work will be of interest to miniscope users seeking a streamlined, memory-efficient, end-to-end analysis solution.

eLife Assessment

With the goal of investigating the assembly and fragmentation of cellular aggregates, this manuscript examines cyanobacterial aggregates in a laboratory setting. This quantitative investigation of the conditions and mechanisms behind aggregation is an important contribution as it yields a basic understanding of natural processes and offers potential strategies for control. The combination of computational and experimental investigations in this manuscript provides convincing support for the role of shear on aggregation and fragmentation.

eLife Assessment

There is a growing interest in understanding the individuality of animal behaviours. In this important article, the authors build and use an impressive array of high throughput phenotyping paradigms to examine the 'stability' (consistency) of behavioural characteristics in a range of contexts and over time. The results show that certain behaviours are individualistic and persist robustly across external stimuli while others are less robust to these changing parameters. The data supporting their findings is extensive and convincing. At the same time, the main analyses focus on a selected subset of the many behavioural metrics recorded, so a large fraction of the acquired data remains only lightly explored; by making these additional data available, the authors provide an invaluable resource for future work to apply alternative analytical frameworks and further mine this rich dataset.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study advances our understanding of best practices for analyzing population-level data using advanced functional alignment methods. It provides convincing evidence that demographic-specific functional templates improve functional neuroimaging studies that use hyperalignment. This study will be of interest to cognitive neuroscientists, neuroimaging methodologists, and computational researchers with an interest in the human brain.

eLife Assessment

This important study demonstrates that Mycobacterium tuberculosis suppresses protective Th17/IL-17 responses in C57BL/6 mice via a Tbet-dependent mechanism involving the virulence factors ESX-1 and PDIM, as mutants lacking these factors induce significantly higher IL-17-producing CD4 T cells and IL-17A in the lungs compared to wild-type bacteria. The experiments are rigorous and well-designed, combining host knockouts and bacterial mutants to yield solid evidence pointing to cross-regulation between Th1 and Th17 pathways, including reduced IL-23 in draining lymph node dendritic cells. However, some of the data on IFN-γ effects or lymph node-specific mechanisms are incomplete and require deeper mechanistic insight, such as direct T cell transcription factor analysis in lymph nodes and broader host validation, to strengthen the work. Overall, the findings provide insight into how bacterial virulence factors limit Th17 induction, thereby promoting persistence, and will interest immunologists and TB researchers focused on host-pathogen balance and vaccine strategies.