It has so far shown little appetite for wide-ranging reforms of the Bretton Woods Institutions that cripple climate and development spending in the global south.

the Nairobi-Washington vision for which Ruto is a stand-in is insufficient for fostering prosperity across the South—where debt-stressed countries with soaring joblessness are imposing class war austerity and privatization, amid Western intransigence in delivering touted financial architecture reforms.

South Africa's Cape Town and Kenya's Nairobi are tipped to become the first cities to achieve this 'smart status'.