33 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2026
    1. Heterozygous 'null allele' mutation in the human peripherin/RDS gene

      PMID: 8111389

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    2. mutation

      Case#: Meins_1993_Proband, male, age 58 years at time of report, national origin reported as German

      CasePresentingHPOs: Nyctalopia HP:0000662, Reduced visual acuity HP:0007663, Peripheral visual field loss HP:0007994, Central scotoma HP:0000603, Decreased light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram amplitude HP:0000654, Decreased Arden ratio of electrooculogram HP:0008179, Bone spicule pigmentation of the retina HP:0007737, Macular flecks HP:0011507

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband has been diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa, following a previous diagnosis of Stargardt's macular dystrophy almost 1 decade earlier. First onset of night vision loss was reportedly in his teens.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: Previous testing in the proband is not described but genotyping appears to have been limited to the PRPH2 locus and did not include other candidate genes.

      CaseMethod1: single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of PCR products from the 3 exons of PRPH2

      CaseMethod2: Sanger sequencing of PRPH2

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Previous testing in the proband is not described but genotyping appears to have been limited to the PRPH2 locus and did not include other candidate genes. Genotyping was performed by SSCP analysis of PCR products from the 3 exons of PRPH2 and Sanger sequencing of PRPH2.

      Variant: The proband harbors the NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.136C>T (p.Arg46Ter) variant in the heterozygous state.

      ClinVar ID: 13179

      gnomAD: The NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.136C>T (p.Arg46Ter) variant is found in gnomAD v4.0.0 at a frequency of 0.00004005 (3 alleles / 74906 total alleles, with 0 homozygotes) in the African / African-American population https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/6-42722199-G-A?dataset=gnomad_r4

      VariantEvidence: NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.136C>T (p.Arg46Ter) is a nonsense variant in exon 1 of 3 that is predicted to trigger nonsense-mediated decay or at least to truncate the C-terminal 87% of the protein product.

      CaseAddInfo: The proband has a similarly affected father and grandfather who have not been genotyped.

      CasePMIDs: N/A

    1. c.136C>T (p.Arg46*)

      Case#: Khan_2016_Proband_2, male, age 4 months at time of referral, national origin indicated as Saudi

      CasePresentingHPOs: Abnormal visual fixation HP:0025404, Nystagmus HP:0000639, Infantile onset HP:0003593, Visual impairment HP:0000505, Deeply set eye HP:0000490, Esotropia HP:0000565, High hypermetropia HP:0008499, Undetectable electroretinogram HP:0000550,

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband has been diagnosed with Leber congenital amaurosis, with poor visual fixation and nystagmus as the presenting features. Staring at lights was a phenotype.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: Previous testing in the proband consisted of a 44-gene next generation sequencing-based panel for retinal dystrophy showing no other potential cause of retinal features.

      CaseMethod1: next-generation sequencing panel (44 genes)

      CaseMethod2: Sanger sequencing of PRPH2

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Previous testing in the proband consisted of a 44-gene next generation sequencing-based panel for retinal dystrophy showing no other potential cause of retinal features. The presence of the variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of PRPH2.

      Variant: The proband harbors the NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.136C>T (p.Arg46Ter) variant in the homozygous state.

      ClinVar ID: 13179

      gnomAD: The NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.136C>T (p.Arg46Ter) variant is found in gnomAD v4.0.0 at a frequency of 0.00004005 (3 alleles / 74906 total alleles, with 0 homozygotes) in the African / African-American population https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/6-42722199-G-A?dataset=gnomad_r4

      VariantEvidence: NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.136C>T (p.Arg46Ter) is a nonsense variant in exon 1 of 3 that is predicted to trigger nonsense-mediated decay or at least to truncate the C-terminal 87% of the protein product.

      CaseAddInfo: The proband is the child of first cousin parents who appeared sub-clinically affected but were not genotyped. A second, similarly affected sibling shares the same genotype.

      CasePMIDs: N/A

    2. Peripherin mutations cause a distinct form of recessive Leber congenital amaurosis and dominant phenotypes in asymptomatic parents heterozygous for the mutation

      PMID: 26061163

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    1. The retinal degeneration slow (rds) gene product is a photoreceptor disc membrane-associated glycoprotein

      PMID: 1986774

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    2. The developmental appearance of the rds protein coincides with outer segment disc formation. We propose that the rds protein functions as an adhesion molecule for stabilization of the outer segment discs.

      Selection A- Gene is expressed in tissues relevant to disease:

      ExperimentName: Wild-type Prph2 expression in the developing mouse retina begins on day postnatal day 6.

      TissueExpression: photoreceptor outer segment layer (UBERON:0003926)

      ExpressionEvidence: Immunohistochemistry indicates that wild-type Prph2 expression in the developing mouse retina begins on day postnatal day 6 (Figure 3C). This time point coincides with the timing of the formation of the photoreceptor outer segment discs, and is consistent with a proposed function of PRPH2 as an adhesion molecule that acts to stabilize the outer segment discs.

    1. Here we report a 2-basepair deletion in codon 25 of the human gene in a family with autosomal dominant retinitis punctata albescens

      Case#: Kajiwara_1993_Proband_III-1, male, age 59 years at time of report, family origin not reported

      CasePresentingHPOs: Adult onset HP:0003581, Nyctalopia HP:0000662, Reduced visual acuity, HP:0007663, Foveal hyperpigmentation HP:0008001, Foveal atrophy HP:0025010, Subretinal deposits HP:0031528, Uveitis HP:0000554, Cataract HP:0000518, Corneal opacity HP:0007957, Central scotoma HP:0000603, Chorioretinal atrophy HP:0000533, Optic disc pallor HP:0000543

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband has been diagnosed with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa albescens, with age of reported onset after 40 years.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: Previous testing consisted of screening of the RHO locus for disease-causing variants.

      CaseMethod1: SSCP

      CaseMethod2: Sanger sequencing of PRPH2

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Previous testing of this family consisted of screening of the RHO locus for variants causing RP, with negative results. Genotyping started with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified products from the PRPH2 gene, followed by Sanger sequencing of the relevant PCR product to identify the variant. SSCP was subsequently performed to genotype family members..

      Variant: The proband harbors the NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.73_74del (p.Trp25fs) variant in the heterozygous state.

      ClinVar ID: 98707

      gnomAD: The NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.73_74del (p.Trp25fs) variant was not found in gnomAD v4.0.0.

      VariantEvidence: NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.73_74del (p.Trp25fs) is a frameshift variant in exon 1 of 3 that is predicted to trigger nonsense-mediated decay or to at least truncate the C-terminal 93% of the protein product.

      CaseAddInfo: The proband's family includes a daughter who is an "unaffected" (subclinically affected) carrier of the variant with an elevated dark-adapted threshold and numerous yellow/white subretinal flecks in the periphery of the fundus with macular sparing.

      CasePMIDs: N/A

    2. A null mutation in the human peripherin/RDS gene in a family with autosomal dominant retinitis punctata albescens

      PMID: 8485575

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    1. Photoreceptor peripherin is the normal product of the gene responsible for retinal degeneration in the rds mouse

      PMID: 1992463

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    2. Retinal degeneration slow (rds) is a retinal disorder of an inbred strain of mice in which the outer segment of the photoreceptor cell fails to develop.

      ExperimentName: The rds mouse harbors loss-of-function variants in the Prph2 gene.

      NonHumanModel: Mus musculus

      GeneAlteration: The model animals are homozygous for a loss-of-function variant in the Prph2 locus known as retinal degeneration slow (rds). The causal variant appears to encode a p.Gln340Pro missense change that results in the inability to detect the Prph2 protein by antibody.

      ModelPhenotype: HP:0000546 (Retinal degeneration), HP:0030610 (Photoreceptor outer segment loss on macular OCT)

      HumanPhenotype: HP:0030643 (Vitelliform-like retinal lesions), HP:0000533 (Chorioretinal atrophy), HP:0001105 (Retinal atrophy), HP:0007663 (Reduced visual acuity), HP:0000580 (Pigmentary retinopathy), HP:0030469 (Abnormal dark-adapted electroretinogram), HP:0008275 (Abnormal light-adapted electroretinogram), HP:0007843 (Attenuation of retinal blood vessels), HP:0011506 (Choroidal neovascularization), HP:0030499 (Macular drusen)

      ModelEvidence: This is a naturally occurring mouse model with homozygous disruption of the Prph2 locus. Phenotypes include progressive degeneration of retina, absence of rods at age 7-10 months, and reduction of the number of rows of photosensitive cell nuclei to only 1-4 rows (described in previous publications PMID: 705766 and PMID: 419532). Other previous publications have reported that the mice exhibit abnormal development of photoreceptor outer segments, as well as subsequent gradual photoreceptor degeneration of photoreceptors that is complete by age 1 year (PMID: 2918924).

      ModelVariant: This model did not introduce a disease-associated variant known from an affected human patient, but rather studied a naturally occurring p.Gln340Pro missense variant disrupting the Prph2 locus.

    3. Monoclonal antibodies were used with Western blot analysis to localize the wild-type mouse peripherin/rds protein to isolated mouse rod outer segments and to show that it, like bovine peripherin, exists as two subunits linked by one or more disulfide bonds.

      Selection A- Gene is expressed in tissues relevant to disease:

      ExperimentName: Wild-type Prph2 localizes to mouse rod outer segments.

      TissueExpression: photoreceptor outer segment layer (UBERON:0003926)

      ExpressionEvidence: Western blotting with an anti-Prph2 antibody confirms that Prph2 is present in retinal outer segments and exists a a dimer (Fig. 2), although other control tissues are absent.

    1. Deficiency of rds/peripherin causes photoreceptor death in mouse models of digenic and dominant retinitis pigmentosa

      PMID: 11427722

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    2. a mutation in RDS causing a leucine 185 to proline substitution in rds (L185P)

      Reduced amplitude of dark-adapted bright flash electroretinogram a-wave HP:0030483 (Figure 4), Reduced OCT-measured macular thickness HP:0030607 (Figure 2), immunoblot analysis showing reduced L185P in retinas, indicating instability or reduced transport to the outer segment (Figure 5b).

    1. Reciprocal co-IPs confirm that RDS/ROM-1 interactions were maintained in retinal extracts from animals carrying the Y141C-RDS mutation (C).

      ExperimentName: Prph2 interacts with Rom1

      InteractingGene: ROM1 (HGNC:10254)

      InteractionType: Physical

      InteractionMethod: Co-immunoprecipitation

      InteractionEvidence: Immunoprecipitation of endogenous Prph2 from mouse retinal extracts pulled down Rom1, and vice versa (Fig. 6C).

    2. The Y141C knockin mutation in RDS leads to complex phenotypes in the mouse

      PMID: 25001182

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    3. we generated a knockin mouse model expressing an RDS pattern dystrophy mutation, Y141C. Y141C mice exhibited clinical signs similar to those in patients including late-onset fundus abnormalities characteristic of RPE and choroidal defects and electroretinogram defects. Ultrastructural examination indicated that disc formation was initiated by the Y141C protein, but proper sizing and alignment of discs required wild-type RDS. The biochemical mechanism underlying these abnormalities was tied to defects in the normal process of RDS oligomerization which is required for proper RDS function. Y141C-RDS formed strikingly abnormal disulfide-linked complexes which were localized to the outer segment (OS) where they impaired the formation of proper OS structure.

      ExperimentName: Knockin of the p.Tyr141Cys variant into mouse Prph2 results in retinal defects.

      NonHumanModel: Mus musculus

      GeneAlteration: The model animals are heterozygous for knock-in of the p.Tyr141Cys variant into the Prph2 locus.

      ModelPhenotype: HP:0030469 (Abnormal dark-adapted electroretinogram), HP:0000546 (Retinal degeneration), HP:0030610 (Photoreceptor outer segment loss on macular OCT), HP:0012045 (Retinal flecks)

      HumanPhenotype: HP:0030643 (Vitelliform-like retinal lesions), HP:0000533 (Chorioretinal atrophy), HP:0001105 (Retinal atrophy), HP:0007663 (Reduced visual acuity), HP:0000580 (Pigmentary retinopathy), HP:0030469 (Abnormal dark-adapted electroretinogram), HP:0008275 (Abnormal light-adapted electroretinogram), HP:0007843 (Attenuation of retinal blood vessels), HP:0011506 (Choroidal neovascularization), HP:0030499 (Macular drusen)

      ModelEvidence: This knock-in mouse model has normal expression and localization of Prph2 (Fig. 1), but exhibits phenotypes including photoreceptor outer segment loss (Fig. 2), decreased rod ERG (Fig. 3A), and photoreceptor layer degeneration (Fig. 4). Homozygous mice showed decreased cone ERG as well (Figs. 3B, 3C). Yellow retinal flecks were observed in the fundus (Fig. 5). Abnormal high molecular weight complexes containing Prph2 were also observed in western blotting, along with the absence of normal monomers and dimers in the homozygous animals (Figs. 6 and 7).

      ModelVariant: This mouse model has introduced a disease-associated variant known from an affected human patient, NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.422A>G (p.Tyr141Cys), ClinVar ID: 98666.

    1. Six affected members spanning two generations of a single family were examined. Five were studied in detail electrophysiologically and psychophysically. Methods: Psychophysical testing included color vision testing, photopic and scotopic static threshold perimetry, and dark adaptometry. Electrophysiological testing included flash and pattern electroretinography, as well as electrooculography. Results: Clinical findings ranged from subtle pigmentary changes at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium to more widespread pigmentary changes associated with choroidal neovascularization. Those with severe fundus changes exhibited greater abnormalities in psychophysical and electrophysiological testing than those with minimal fundus changes.

      Case#: Kim_1995_Proband_III-14, female, age 59 years at time of report, family national origin reported as English

      CasePresentingHPOs: Subretinal deposits HP:0031528, Pigmentary retinopathy HP:0000580, Disciform macular scar HP:0025094, Dark choroid HP:0025148, Decreased light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram amplitude HP:0000654, Anomalous trichromacy HP:0011519, Reduced visual acuity HP:0007663, Decreased Arden ratio of electrooculogram HP:0008179

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband has been diagnosed with pattern dystrophy of the retina/macula. All affected family members including the proband exhibited perifoveal yellow pigment deposits at the level of the RPE.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: Previous testing in this family is not described but genotyping appears to have been limited to the PRPH2 locus and did not include other candidate genes.

      CaseMethod1: single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of PCR products from the 3 exons of PRPH2 (described in PMID: 8004111)

      CaseMethod2: Sanger sequencing of PRPH2 (described in PMID: 8004111)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Previous testing in this family is not described but genotyping appears to have been limited to the PRPH2 locus and did not include other candidate genes. Genotyping methods are previously described in PMID: 8004111 and included SSCP analysis of PCR products from the 3 exons of PRPH2 and Sanger sequencing of PRPH2

      Variant: The proband harbors the NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.418_421dup (p.Tyr141fs) variant in the heterozygous state.

      ClinVar ID: 13174

      gnomAD: The NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.418_421dup (p.Tyr141fs) variant was not found in gnomAD v4.0.0.

      VariantEvidence: NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.418_421dup (p.Tyr141fs) is a frameshift variant in exon 1 of 3 that is predicted to trigger nonsense-mediated decay or at least to truncate the C-terminal 60% of the protein product.

      CaseAddInfo: The proband has five affected extended family members who similarly carry the variant, as well as 7 unaffected family members who are negative for the variant.

      CasePMIDs: PMID: 8004111

    2. Autosomal dominant pattern dystrophy of the retina associated with a 4-base pair insertion at codon 140 in the peripherin/RDS gene

      PMID: 7710395

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    1. Molecular characterization of peripherin-2 and rom-1 mutants responsible for digenic retinitis pigmentosa

      PMID: 11297544

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    1. 419532

      This article studies mice known as rds with homozygous disruption of the Prph2 locus. Phenotypes include progressive degeneration of retina, absence of rods at age 7-10 months, and reduction of the number of rows of photosensitive cell nuclei to only 1-4 rows. The mouse has been previously published (PMID: 705766).

    2. The map position of the rds gene on the 17th chromosome of the mouse

      PMID: 419532

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    1. The c.554T>C mutation is homozygous in patient 741 and heterozygous in both parents.

      Case#: Wang_2013_Proband_741, female, age 30 years at time of report, family origin not reported

      CasePresentingHPOs: Retinal dystrophy HP:0000556, Attenuation of retinal blood vessels HP:0007843, Retinal pigment epithelial mottling HP:0007814, Patchy atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium HP:0007791, Abnormality of macular pigmentation HP:0008002, Perifoveal ring of hyperautofluorescence HP:0030629, Abnormal retinal morphology on macular OCT HP:0030612, Mildly reduced visual acuity HP:0032037, Subretinal deposits HP:0031528

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband has a diagnosis of juvenile retinitis pigmentosa.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: The proband was subjected to capture-based next-generation sequencing panel that included 163 known retinal disease genes.

      CaseMethod1: next-generation sequencing panel

      CaseMethod2: SNP array and Sanger sequencing of PRPH2

      CaseGenotypingMethod: The proband was genotyped by capture-based next-generation sequencing panel that included 163 known retinal disease genes. Sanger sequencing of PRPH2 was subsequently used to confirm the presence of the variant.

      Variant: The proband harbors the NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.554T>C (p.Leu185Pro) variant in the homozygous state.

      ClinVar ID: 13165

      gnomAD: The NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.554T>C (p.Leu185Pro) variant is found in gnomAD v4.0.0 at a frequency of 0.00003587 in the European (non-Finnish) population, with 15 alleles / 418142 total alleles (0 homozygotes) https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/6-42721781-A-G?dataset=gnomad_r4

      VariantEvidence: NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.554T>C (p.Leu185Pro) is a missense variant with mouse knock-in evidence of a disease-causing effect in the heterozygous state (PMID: 11427722). Mouse phenotypes from PMID: 11427722 included reduced amplitude of dark-adapted bright flash electroretinogram a-wave HP:0030483 (Figure 4), Reduced OCT-measured macular thickness HP:0030607 (Figure 2), and immunoblot analysis showing reduced L185P in retinas, indicating instability or reduced transport to the outer segment (Figure 5b). Other experiments from PMID: 11297544 showed that the p.Leu185Pro variant successfully forms dimers but fails to assemble into higher order oligomers, particularly in the absence of wild-type PRPH2 (Figures 3, 5).

      CaseAddInfo: The proband's parents are each heterozygous carriers of the variant who appear to be sub-clinically affected. The 56-year-old father showed macular pattern dystrophy with clear foveal changes, but normal visual acuity.

      CasePMIDs: N/A

    1. A three-base-pair deletion in the peripherin-RDS gene in one form of retinitis pigmentosa

      PMID: 1749427

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    2. This deletion segregates with the disease phenotype but is not present in unaffected controls, and suggests that mutant peripherin gives rise to retinitis pigmentosa.

      FamilyLabel: Farrar_1991_Family, family national origin reported as Irish

      Family#PresentingHPOs: Nyctalopia HP:0000662, Peripheral visual field loss HP:0007994, Undetectable dark-adapted electroretinogram HP:0030474, Abnormal light-adapted electroretinogram HP:0008275, Pigmentary retinopathy HP:0000580, Optic disc pallor HP:0000543, Retinal arteriolar constriction HP:0008043, Bone spicule pigmentation of the retina HP:0007737

      FamilyHPOFreeText: The patient and affected family members have been diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa, with onset noted as late. Nyctalopia generally presented in the early third decade, while rod ERG responses showed reduced amplitudes in the teens.

      Family#PresentingNotHPOs: N/A

      Family#PresentingNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CountryOrigin: Ireland

      Ethnicity: Not mentioned

      Race: Not mentioned

      Family#PreviousTesting: Previous testing did not occur in this family, although linkage mapping had previously identified PRPH2 as a candidate locus for variants causing RP.

      Family#Method1: Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified cDNA products from the PRPH2 gene, followed by Sanger sequencing of the relevant PCR product to identify the variant

      Family#Method2: allele-specific PCR to genotype family members

      Family#GenotypingMethod: Previous testing of this family did not include linkage mapping, although this technique had previously identified PRPH2 as a candidate locus for variants causing RP. Genotyping started with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified cDNA products from the PRPH2 gene, followed by Sanger sequencing of the relevant PCR product to identify the variant. Allele-specific PCR was subsequently performed to genotype family members.

      Affected: 9

      Unaffected: 6

      Segregations: Nine segregations are reported in the family, with none inconsistent. The family is not reported to be consanguineous. The pedigree is shown in Figure 2.

      PublishedLOD: N/A

      eLOD: 2.70

      AddSegregationInfo: N/A

      ProbandLabel: Farrar_1991_Proband

      Variant: The affected family members harbor the NM_000322.5:c.356_358del (p.Cys119del) variant in the heterozygous state.

      CAID: CA226222

      gnomAD: This variant was not found in gnomAD v2.1.1.

      FamilyAddInfo: The family has not been reported as consanguineous.

      FamilyPMIDs: N/A

    1. A stop sequence at codon 258 exists in a family with adult vitelliform macular dystrophy.

      Case#: Wells_1993_Proband_III/5, female, age 44 years at time of first examination, family origin not reported

      CasePresentingHPOs: Adult onset HP:0003581, Visual impairment HP:0000505, Subretinal deposits HP:0031528, Abnormal light-adapted single flash electroretinogram HP:0030472.

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband has been diagnosed with adult vitelliform macular dystrophy, with onset in the mid-thirties. Foveal deposits are small, yellow, and at the RPE level.

      CaseNotHPOs: Abnormal light-adapted flicker electroretinogram HP:0030473

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: Previous testing consisted of screening of the RHO locus for disease-causing variants.

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing of PRPH2

      CaseMethod2: N/A

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Previous testing of this family consisted of screening of the RHO locus for variants causing RP, with negative results. Genotyping was performed by Sanger sequencing of the PCRs product to identify the variant.

      Variant: The proband harbors the NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.774C>A (p.Tyr258Ter) variant in the heterozygous state.

      ClinVar ID: 98707

      gnomAD: The NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.774C>A (p.Tyr258Ter) variant was not found in gnomAD v4.0.0.

      VariantEvidence: NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.774C>A (p.Tyr258Ter) is a nonsense variant in exon 2 of 3 that is predicted to trigger nonsense-mediated decay or to at least truncate the C-terminal 26% of the protein product.

      CaseAddInfo: Although the proband is the only family member genotyped and examined by the authors, her father was confirmed to be similarly affected. Family consanguinity was not reported.

      CasePMIDs: N/A

    2. Mutations in the human retinal degeneration slow (RDS) gene can cause either retinitis pigmentosa or macular dystrophy

      PMID: 8485576

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    1. Mutations in the human retinal degeneration slow gene in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa

      PMID: 1684223

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    2. separate families

      FamilyLabel: Kajiwara_1991_Family_6935, family national origin not reported

      Family#PresentingHPOs: Decreased light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram amplitude HP:0000654

      FamilyHPOFreeText: The patient and affected family members have been diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa.

      Family#PresentingNotHPOs: N/A

      Family#PresentingNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CountryOrigin: N/A

      Ethnicity: Not mentioned

      Race: Not mentioned

      Family#PreviousTesting: Previous testing consisted of screening of the RHO locus for disease-causing variants.

      Family#Method1: Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified cDNA products from the PRPH2 gene, followed by Sanger sequencing of the relevant PCR product to identify the variant

      Family#Method2: SSCP to genotype family members

      Family#GenotypingMethod: Previous testing of this family screening of the RHO locus for variants causing RP, with negative results. Genotyping started with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified products from the PRPH2 gene, followed by Sanger sequencing of the relevant PCR product to identify the variant. SSCP was subsequently performed to genotype family members.

      Affected: 3

      Unaffected: 5

      Segregations: Two segregations are reported in the family, with none inconsistent. The family is not reported to be consanguineous. The pedigree is shown in Figure 3c.

      PublishedLOD: N/A

      eLOD: 2.40

      AddSegregationInfo: N/A

      ProbandLabel: Kajiwara_1991_Family_6935_Proband

      Variant: The affected family members harbor the NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.554T>C (p.Leu185Pro) variant in the heterozygous state.

      ClinVarID: 13165

      gnomAD: This variant was found in gnomAD v4.0.0 at a frequency of 0.00003587 (15 alleles / 418142 total alleles, with no homozygotes) in the European non-Finnish population https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/6-42721781-A-G?dataset=gnomad_r4

      FamilyAddInfo: The family has not been reported as consanguineous.

      FamilyPMIDs: N/A

    3. mutations of the human homologue of the rds gene

      FamilyLabel: Kajiwara_1991_Family_6948, family national origin not reported

      Family#PresentingHPOs: Decreased light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram amplitude HP:0000654

      FamilyHPOFreeText: The patient and affected family members have been diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa.

      Family#PresentingNotHPOs: N/A

      Family#PresentingNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CountryOrigin: N/A

      Ethnicity: Not mentioned

      Race: Not mentioned

      Family#PreviousTesting: Previous testing consisted of screening of the RHO locus for disease-causing variants.

      Family#Method1: Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified cDNA products from the PRPH2 gene, followed by Sanger sequencing of the relevant PCR product to identify the variant

      Family#Method2: SSCP to genotype family members

      Family#GenotypingMethod: Previous testing of this family screening of the RHO locus for variants causing RP, with negative results. Genotyping started with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified products from the PRPH2 gene, followed by Sanger sequencing of the relevant PCR product to identify the variant. SSCP was subsequently performed to genotype family members.

      Affected: 8

      Unaffected: 7

      Segregations: Eight segregations are reported in the family, with none inconsistent. The family is not reported to be consanguineous. The pedigree is shown in Figure 3b.

      PublishedLOD: N/A

      eLOD: 2.40

      AddSegregationInfo: N/A

      ProbandLabel: Kajiwara_1991_Family_6948_Proband

      Variant: The affected family members harbor the NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.647C>T (p.Pro216Leu) variant in the heterozygous state.

      ClinVarID: 13164

      gnomAD: This variant was found in gnomAD v4.0.0 at a frequency of 0.000002856 (1 allele / 350108 total alleles, with no homozygotes) in the European non-Finnish population https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/6-42704546-G-A?dataset=gnomad_r4

      FamilyAddInfo: The family has not been reported as consanguineous.

      FamilyPMIDs: N/A

    1. butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy of the fovea

      Case#: Nichols_1993_Proband, female, age and family origin not reported

      CasePresentingHPOs: Subretinal deposits HP:0031528

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband has been diagnosed with butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy of the fovea. All affected family members including the proband exhibited perifoveal yellow pigment deposits at the level of the RPE.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: Previous testing in this family appears to have been limited to the PRPH2 locus and did not include other candidates genes.

      CaseMethod1: single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of PCR products from the 3 exons of PRPH2

      CaseMethod2: Sanger sequencing of PRPH2

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Previous testing in this family appears to have been limited to the PRPH2 locus and did not include other candidates genes. Genotyping was performed by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of PCR products from the 3 exons of PRPH2, followed by Sanger sequencing of PRPH2 to identify the variant.

      Variant: The proband harbors the NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.897_898del (p.Ser301fs) variant in the heterozygous state.

      ClinVar ID: 13171

      gnomAD: The NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.897_898del (p.Ser301fs) variant was not found in gnomAD v4.0.0.

      VariantEvidence: NM_000322.5(PRPH2):c.897_898del (p.Ser301fs) is a frameshift variant in exon 3 of 3 that is predicted not to trigger nonsense-mediated decay but rather to truncate the C-terminal 14% of the protein product.

      CaseAddInfo: The proband has two affected sisters and an affected father who similarly carry the variant, as well as 6 unaffected family members who are negative for the variant.

      CasePMIDs: N/A

    2. A 2 base pair deletion in the RDS gene associated with butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy of the fovea

      PMID: 8251014

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).