Michael Mendle is preparing a cultural history of shorthand in early modern En-gland; see Mendle (2006).

In seventeenth- century England, the desire to record proceedings in Parlia-ment led to the spread of stenography, which was practiced according to manydifferent systems. Most stenographic notes were used to make full transcriptionsthen discarded,

ste-nography was only developed for German in 1834); st