EN: The surroundings are everything outside the system boundary. - Surroundings can interact with the system by transferring energy (and sometimes matter). - In many problems, you only include the nearby surroundings that actually interact.

中文：环境（周围环境）是系统边界之外的所有事物。 - 环境可以通过能量（有时也包括物质）与系统发生相互作用。 - 解题时通常只考虑与系统有实际相互作用的那部分环境。