system
EN: A system is the part of the universe you choose to study (the object(s) under observation). - The system boundary is defined by you, depending on the question you are trying to answer. - Energy can enter/leave the system, so tracking the system helps you describe energy transfers.
中文:系统是你选择研究的那一部分宇宙(被观察/被分析的对象或对象集合)。 - 系统边界由研究者根据问题来定义,可大可小。 - 能量可以在系统与环境之间传递,因此先定义系统有助于分析能量变化。