10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2026
    1. Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 combined information:

      Case17a: GT17a, Female, 14 years old, sister of GT17b proband

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Available per supplementary table 1

      ParentalGenotype: Parents are not consanguineous, no other genotype information available

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000978, HP:0000979, HP:0031364, HP:0000421

      (Bruising, purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Post traumatic hemorrhage

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Showed <5% of αIIbβ3 expression measured by flow cytometry

      PlateletAggregation: Platelet aggregation showed a small response to ADP and collagen but normal response to ristocetin

      CasePreviousTesting: All exons from ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes were amplified by PCR using intronic primers. DNA sequencing was determined by Sanger sequencing.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.799+2T>C and NM_000419.3:c.2671C>T (p.Gln891Ter)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399805155 (c.799 +2 T>C) and CA8602626 (p.Gln891Ter)

      gnomAD: N/A

    2. Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 combined information:

      Case25: GT25, Female, 26 years old

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Not available per supplementary table 1

      ParentalGenotype: Parents are not consanguineous, no other genotype information available

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000421, HP:0000225, HP:0000132, HP:0000789,

      (Epistaxis, gingival bleeding, menorrhagia, infertility)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Rupture of corpus luteum

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Showed <5% of αIIbβ3 expression measured by flow cytometry

      PlateletAggregation: Platelet aggregation showed no response to ADP and collagen but normal response to ristocetin

      CasePreviousTesting: All exons from ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes were amplified by PCR using intronic primers. DNA sequencing was determined by Sanger sequencing.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.1495T>C (p.Cys499Arg)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400029525

      gnomAD: N/A

    3. Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 combined information:

      Case37: GT37, Female, 1 year old

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Not available per supplementary table 1

      ParentalGenotype: Parents are not consanguineous, no other genotype information available

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000978, HP:0000979, HP:0031364

      (Bruising, purpura, ecchymosis)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Showed <5% of αIIbβ3 expression measured by flow cytometry

      PlateletAggregation: Platelet aggregation showed no response to ADP and collagen but normal response to ristocetin

      CasePreviousTesting: All exons from ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes were amplified by PCR using intronic primers. DNA sequencing was determined by Sanger sequencing.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1993C>T (p.Gln665Ter)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399801004

      gnomAD: MAF in East Asian population: 0.00005461 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42455831-G-A

    4. Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 combined information:

      Case19: GT19, Female, 32 years old

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Not available per Table 1.

      ParentalGenotype: Parents are consanguineous, no other genotype information available

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000421, HP:0000225, HP:0000790, HP:0000132

      (Epistaxis, gingival bleeding, hematuria, menorrhagia)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Post traumatic hemorrhage

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Showed <5% of αIIbβ3 expression measured by flow cytometry

      PlateletAggregation: Platelet aggregation showed no response to ADP and collagen but normal response to ristocetin

      CasePreviousTesting: All exons from ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes were amplified by PCR using intronic primers. DNA sequencing was determined by Sanger sequencing.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1234G>A (p.Gly412Arg)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 381748

      CAiD: CA8603182 (p.Gly412Arg)

      gnomAD: MAF in Latino population: 0.0001453 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42458406-C-T

    1. GT45

      Case10: (GT45) Gender, age and ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Inclusion criteria were patients with a history of mucocutaneous bleeding (Figure 1 shows a bar diagram of all the clinical manifestations in the patient cohort in this article)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Platelet receptor alphaIIbbeta3 protein was analyzed by flow cytometry followed by western blotting

      Platelet Aggregation: Inclusion criteria for probands was absent or reduced platelet aggregation with agonists such as ADP, adrenaline, arachidonic acid, and collagen (no mention of ristocetin here-- this article does not tell us the specific aggregation for each proband in the paper)

      CasePreviousTesting: For mutation analysis of ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes, DNA extraction from whole blood, PCR, heteroduplex PCR followed by CSGE and DNA sequencing were performed. All 30 exons of ITGA2B and 15 exons of ITGB3, as well as their promoters, were analyzed by CSGE following heteroduplex PCR.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1073G>A (p.Arg358His)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2896

      CAiD: CA115839

      gnomAD N/A

    2. 41

      Case31: (GT41) Gender, age and ethnicity are not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Inclusion criteria were patients with a history of mucocutaneous bleeding (Figure 1 shows a bar diagram of all the clinical manifestations in the patient cohort in this article)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Platelet receptor alphaIIbbeta3 protein was analyzed by flow cytometry followed by western blotting

      Platelet Aggregation: Inclusion criteria for probands was absent or reduced platelet aggregation with agonists such as ADP, adrenaline, arachidonic acid, and collagen (no mention of ristocetin here-- this article does not tell us the specific aggregation for each proband in the paper)

      CasePreviousTesting: For mutation analysis of ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes, DNA extraction from whole blood, PCR, heteroduplex PCR followed by CSGE and DNA sequencing were performed. All 30 exons of ITGA2B and 15 exons of ITGB3, as well as their promoters, were analyzed by CSGE following heteroduplex PCR.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.887_901del

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA626379036

      gnomAD MAF in the South Asian population is 0.00003266 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45364541-AATGACGGGCAGTGTC-A

    3. 26

      Case7: (GT26) Gender, age and ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Inclusion criteria were patients with a history of mucocutaneous bleeding (Figure 1 shows a bar diagram of all the clinical manifestations in the patient cohort in this article)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Platelet receptor alphaIIbbeta3 protein was analyzed by flow cytometry followed by western blotting

      Platelet Aggregation: Inclusion criteria for probands was absent or reduced platelet aggregation with agonists such as ADP, adrenaline, arachidonic acid, and collagen (no mention of ristocetin here-- this article does not tell us the specific aggregation for each proband in the paper)

      CasePreviousTesting: For mutation analysis of ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes, DNA extraction from whole blood, PCR, heteroduplex PCR followed by CSGE and DNA sequencing were performed. All 30 exons of ITGA2B and 15 exons of ITGB3, as well as their promoters, were analyzed by CSGE following heteroduplex PCR.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.641T>C (p.Leu214Pro)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2901

      CAiD: CA115848

      gnomAD N/A

    4. 18

      Case2: GT18, Gender, age, ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: 1 brother is heterozygous for the g.951G>A promoter variant and does not have the other Leu343Pro mutation and one brother is normal and does not have the NM_000419.3:c.2915dup mutation

      ParentalGenotype: Father: homozygous for the g.951G>A promoter variant and the Leu343Pro Mother: is heterozyous for both those mutations and mother does not have NM_000419.3:c.2915dup while the father is heterozygous for NM_000419.3:c.2915dup

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Inclusion criteria were patients with a history of mucocutaneous bleeding (Figure 1 shows a bar diagram of all the clinical manifestations in the patient cohort in this article)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Platelet receptor alphaIIbbeta3 protein was analyzed by flow cytometry followed by western blotting

      Platelet Aggregation: Inclusion criteria for probands was absent or reduced platelet aggregation with agonists such as ADP, adrenaline, arachidonic acid, and collagen (no mention of ristocetin here-- this article does not tell us the specific aggregation for each proband in the paper)

      CasePreviousTesting: For mutation analysis of ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes, DNA extraction from whole blood, PCR, heteroduplex PCR followed by CSGE and DNA sequencing were performed. All 30 exons of ITGA2B and 15 exons of ITGB3, as well as their promoters, were analyzed by CSGE following heteroduplex PCR.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NC_000017.11:g.44393555C>T (g.951G>A promoter variant) and NM_000419.3:c.1028T>C (p.Leu343Pro) and NM_000419.3:c.2915dup

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA913189168 (promoter variant) and CA399804619 (p.Leu343Pro) and CA8602531

      gnomAD MAF in the East Asian population is 0.0001088 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42452054-C-CG for the NM_000419.3:c.2915dup variant

    5. GT39

      Case12: (GT39) Gender, age and ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Inclusion criteria were patients with a history of mucocutaneous bleeding (Figure 1 shows a bar diagram of all the clinical manifestations in the patient cohort in this article)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Platelet receptor alphaIIbbeta3 protein was analyzed by flow cytometry followed by western blotting

      Platelet Aggregation: Inclusion criteria for probands was absent or reduced platelet aggregation with agonists such as ADP, adrenaline, arachidonic acid, and collagen (no mention of ristocetin here-- this article does not tell us the specific aggregation for each proband in the paper)

      CasePreviousTesting: For mutation analysis of ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes, DNA extraction from whole blood, PCR, heteroduplex PCR followed by CSGE and DNA sequencing were performed. All 30 exons of ITGA2B and 15 exons of ITGB3, as well as their promoters, were analyzed by CSGE following heteroduplex PCR.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.92G>A (p.Cys31Tyr)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400031593

      gnomAD N/A

    1. Supplementary Table S1 & S2 Proband and Variant Information:

      Case21: GT24, Female, 45, French (Gypsy)

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000421, HP:0000132

      (Epistaxis, menorrhagia)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Post-traumatic hematoma

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed <5% expression of αIIbβ3 (See Supplementary Table 1)

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation (See Supplementary Table 1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1544+1G>A (p.Val513Leufs*71)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2895

      CAiD: CA10575473

      gnomAD: N/A

    2. Supplementary Table S1 & S2 Proband and Variant Information:

      Case60: GT62, Female, 58 years old, French

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Affected sister (that is all the information we are given)

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000978, HP:0000225, HP:0000132, HP:0006298

      (Easy bruising, gingival bleeding, menorrhagia, bleeding after dental extraction)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Esophageal bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed <5% expression of αIIbβ3 (See Supplementary Table 1)

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation (See Supplementary Table 1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.31T>C (p.Trp11Arg)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA291240306

      gnomAD: N/A

    3. Expanding the Mutation Spectrum AffectingαIIbβ3Integrin in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia: Screening of theITGA2BandITGB3Genes in a Large International Cohor

      PMID: 25728920

      Genes: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      Note: In the annotations, case #'s don't always match up with the exact proband #, because not all probands had GT variants identified in them

    4. Supplementary Table S1 & S2 Proband and Variant Information:

      Case15: GT18, Male, 20, French

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0031364, HP:0000978

      (Ecchymosis, easy bruising)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed 10% expression of αIIbβ3 (See Supplementary Table 1)

      PlateletAggregation: Residual platelet aggregation (See Supplementary Table 1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1201G>T (pGly401Cys) andNM_000419.3:c.2800G>T (p.Val934Phe)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399804280 and CA290946484

      gnomAD: N/A

    5. Supplementary Table S1 & S2 Proband and Variant Information:

      Case31: GT35a, Female, 18 years old, USA

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Affected sister who is 35 b in this study (See Supplementary Table S1)

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000421, HP:0002239

      (Epistaxis, GI bleeding)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed <5% expression of αIIbβ3 (See Supplementary Table 1)

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation (See Supplementary Table 1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Variant: ITGB3: NM_000212.2:c.392G>C (p.Arg131Pro) and NM_000212.2:c.777+1G>A ITGA2B: NM_000419.3:c.2264G>A (p.Arg755Gln)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA8622954, CA8623036, CA8602771

      gnomAD: MAF in the African population is 0.00006152 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45361839-G-C, MAF in the Latino population is 0.0006774 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45363789-G-A, MAF in the Latino population is 0.0001903 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42454380-C-T

    6. Supplementary Table S1 & S2 Proband and Variant Information:

      Case53: GT53, Male, 16 years old, Argentenian/Brazilian

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000421

      (Epistaxis)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Hematomas

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed <5% expression of αIIbβ3 (See Supplementary Table 1)

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation (See Supplementary Table 1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.356G>A (p.Gly201Ser) and NM_000212.2:c.1697G>A (p.Arg119Gln)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA8622925 and CA400032338

      gnomAD: MAF in the African population is http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45360910-G-A

    7. Supplementary Table S1 & S2 Proband and Variant Information:

      Case46: GT45, Male, 86 years old, French

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000421, HP:0000225, HP:0002239

      (Epistaxis, gingival bleeding, GI bleeding)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed <5% expression of αIIbβ3 (See Supplementary Table 1)

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation (See Supplementary Table 1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.551_626del (p.Arg184_Gln208del) and LR deletion

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA915940373

      gnomAD: N/A

    8. Supplementary Table S1 & S2 Proband and Variant Information:

      Case45: GT44, Female, 10 years old, French

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed <5% expression of αIIbβ3 (See Supplementary Table 1)

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation (See Supplementary Table 1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1357C>T (p.Arg453Ter)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 631773

      CAiD: CA399803529

      gnomAD: N/A

    9. Supplementary Table S1 & S2 Proband and Variant Information:

      Case48: GT48, Male, 10 years old, French

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0031364, HP:0000421, HP:0001934

      (Ecchymosis, epistaxis, persistent bleeding after trauma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Frequent hematomas

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: No serious episode of spontaneous bleeding

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed <5% expression of αIIbβ3 (See Supplementary Table 1)

      PlateletAggregation: N/A (Not available for this proband see Supp Table S1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.1094A>G (p.Asn365Ter) and NM_000212.2:c.1522del (p.Gln508Serfs*161)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400026292 and CA772541579

      gnomAD: N/A

    10. Supplementary Table S1 & S2 Proband and Variant Information:

      Case23: GT26, Male, 45, French

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000421, HP:0000978

      (Epistaxis, easy bruising)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed <5% expression of αIIbβ3 (See Supplementary Table 1)

      PlateletAggregation: Much reduced platelet aggregation (See Supplementary Table 1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1073G>A (p.Arg358His)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2896

      CAiD: CA115839

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. DN

      Case6: Patient DN

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: N/A

      PlateletAggregation: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: The amplification of DNA fragments using PCR and their electrophoretic migration through a denaturing gradient was used to scan the entire coding region, splice site junctions and promoter regions of the GPIIb and GPIIIa genes for all 20 patients in this study

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1544+1G>A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2895

      CAiD: CA10575473

      gnomAD N/A

    1. GT-14b

      Case12: (GT-14) Female, carrier, age or ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Probands GT11 -GT13 are related to GT-14 see Table 1

      ParentalGenotype: Parents may be included in Table 1; however, not specified so no information

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bleeding severity: Not available (See Supplementary Table 3)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry performed and CD41 and CD61 were observed (See Supplementary Table 3)

      PlateletAggregation: Minimal information (See Supplementary Table 3)

      CasePreviousTesting: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from patients and family members, and Sanger sequencing and PCR was performed. Samples were processed for targeted sequencing using the available SHGp heme panel of 393 genes.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.727G>C (p.Asp243His)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400023600

      gnomAD: N/A

    2. GT-27

      Case23: (GT-27) Male, age or ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Proband GT28 is related to this proband GT 27; however, no DNA was available for testing for GT28.

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bleeding severity: Moderate (See Supplementary Table 3)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry performed and CD41 and CD61 were observed (See Supplementary Table 3)

      PlateletAggregation: Minimal information (See Supplementary Table 3)

      CasePreviousTesting: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from patients and family members, and Sanger sequencing and PCR was performed. Samples were processed for targeted sequencing using the available SHGp heme panel of 393 genes.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.1835G>A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400032647

      gnomAD: N/A

    3. GT-58

      Case47: (GT-58) Female, age or ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bleeding severity: Severe (See Supplementary Table 3)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry performed and CD41 and CD61 were observed (See Supplementary Table 3)

      PlateletAggregation: Minimal information (See Supplementary Table 3)

      CasePreviousTesting: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from patients and family members, and Sanger sequencing and PCR was performed. Samples were processed for targeted sequencing using the available SHGp heme panel of 393 genes.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.1543del (p.Ser513fs)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA500651429

      gnomAD: N/A

    4. GT-35

      Case30: (GT-35) Female, age or ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Proband GT31-GT34 are related

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bleeding severity: Severe (See Supplementary Table 3)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry performed and CD41 and CD61 were observed (See Supplementary Table 3)

      PlateletAggregation: Minimal information (See Supplementary Table 3)

      CasePreviousTesting: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from patients and family members, and Sanger sequencing and PCR was performed. Samples were processed for targeted sequencing using the available SHGp heme panel of 393 genes.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1879-2A>G

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA290949031

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. M11

      Case19: (M11), Male, 63 years old, French Gypsy

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Failed to express alphaIIbbeta3 on the surface of their platelets

      Platelet Aggregation: Absent platelet aggregation to all agonists (no mention for which agonists or response to ristocetin)

      CasePreviousTesting: All the information we are given is "mutation screening of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes" the method for sequencing etc. was not stated

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1544+1G>A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2895

      CAiD: CA10575473

      gnomAD N/A

    2. GT8

      Case8: (GT-8) Female, 10 years old, French

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      ProteinExpression: <5% surface expression levels of αIIbβ3

      Platelet Aggregation: Absent platelet aggregation to all agonists (no mention for which agonists or response to ristocetin)

      CasePreviousTesting: All the information we are given is "mutation screening of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes" the method for sequencing etc. was not stated

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.682C>T (p.Gln228Ter) and NM_000419.3:c.1750C>T (p.Arg584Ter)

      LegacyVariant: (p.Gln197Ter) and (p.Arg558Ter) (The paper gives legacy and current nomenclature)

      ClinVar: 2892 (p.Arg584Ter)

      CAiD: CA399805421 (p.Gln228Ter) CA115834 (p.Arg584Ter)

      gnomAD MAF in the East Asian population is 0.0002176 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42457372-G-A

    3. M2

      Case10: (M2) Female, 4 years old, French Gypsy

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Failed to express alphaIIbbeta3 on the surface of their platelets

      Platelet Aggregation: Absent platelet aggregation to all agonists (no mention for which agonists or response to ristocetin)

      CasePreviousTesting: All the information we are given is "mutation screening of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes" the method for sequencing etc. was not stated

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1544+1G>A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2895

      CAiD: CA10575473

      gnomAD N/A

    4. GT3

      Case3: (GT3) Male, 82 years old, French

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      ProteinExpression: 8-10% surface expression levels of αIIbβ3

      Platelet Aggregation: Absent platelet aggregation to all agonists (no mention for which agonists or response to ristocetin)

      CasePreviousTesting: All the information we are given is "mutation screening of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes" the method for sequencing etc. was not stated

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.2348+5G>C

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA290947484

      gnomAD N/A

    1. Periodontal considerations for Glanzmann's thrombasthenic patient

      PMID: 20142940

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions a case report of a 9 year old GT patient who presented with gum bleeding; however, no specific variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 are presented in this patient; therefore we have insufficient evidnece

    1. GT8

      Case#: 1 year old, Female

      Disease: Glazmann's Thrombasthenia

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000967, HP:0000978, HP:0004406, HP:0002239

      PlateletAgreggation: Defective response to ADP, Adrenaline, Collagen, Arachidonic acid. Normal response to Ristocetin.

      GenotypingMethod: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes for mutational analysis of the αIIb and β3 genes by DNA sequencing

      ClinVar: 1330328

      CAID: CA399801004

      Variant: NM_000419.5:c.1993C>T

      GnomAD:Found in East Asian population at rate of 0.00005461 (1/18310)

      ExpressionEvidence: Flow Cytometry of platelet integrin: 2.8% B3 expression, 36.5% A2B expression

    2. GT9

      Case#: 13 year old, male

      Disease: Glazmann's Thrombasthenia

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000967, HP:0000978, HP:0004406, HP:0000225, HP:0006298, HP:0001892, HP:0002239

      PlateletAgreggation: Defective response to ADP, Adrenaline, Collagen, Arachidonic acid. Normal response to Ristocetin.

      GenotypingMethod: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes for mutational analysis of the αIIb and β3 genes by DNA sequencing

      Allele 1:

      ClinVar: 996212

      CAID: CA399803786

      Variant: NM_000419.5:c.1229C>G

      GnomAD: European non-Finnish at rate of 0.0000089411 (1/111846)

      Allele 2:

      ClinVar: 225393

      CAID: CA290947544

      Variant: NM_000419.5:c.2333A>C

      GnomAD: East Asian population at rate of 0.0001087 (2/18394)

      ExpressionEvidence: Flow Cytometry of platelet integrin: 92.9% B3 expression, 2.1% A2B expression

    1. Correction of a large animal model of type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia by nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation

      PMID: 14662345

      Gene: ITGA2B

      HGNC: 6138

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions dogs with GT; however, the article states, "These animals have a 14-base insertion in exon 13 of glycoprotein IIb gene" which is a variant in ITGA2B. This variant may only be specific to dogs; however, just wanted to make note of this gene alteration.

    1. Table 3 Molecular Diagnosis of Patients with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia:

      Case1: GT-1, age, gender, ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia type II

      FamilyInfo: Segregation analysis confirmed in presence of heterozygous mutations in this proband.

      ParentalGenotype: Although segregation analysis confirmed, we do not know which variant in particular came from mom or dad.

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patients presented with a variable bleeding diathesis; most patients had epistaxis (54%), cutaneous bleeding (58%), and menorrhagia (100% of women) while other common symptoms (oral cavity, GI, following dental extraction of mild injuries, postpartum, or hematomas) were in general milder. There is no specific phenotypes attached to probands in this paper.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed that αIIbβ3 expression was between 5% and 20%

      PlateletAggregation: There was severely impaired aggregation in response to all physiological agonists, and ristocetin induced platelet agglutination was normal or reduced to some extent.

      CasePreviousTesting: Total RNA from peripheral blood was used for cDNA synthesis for RT-PCR. Then, using specific oligonucleotides and conditions, they amplified and sequenced ITGA2B and ITGB3 by Sanger sequencing. Every mutation found in cDNA was confirmed in DNA samples.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.448A>G (p.Met124Val) and NM_000212.2:c.774_775del (p.Cys258Ter)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA8622961 and CA915940285

      gnomAD: MAF in South Asian population is 0.00003266 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45361895-A-G

    1. The patient is a 1‐year‐old female from Morocco

      Case1: Female, 1 year old, ethnicity not specified (patient from Morocco)

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Her brother is asymptomatic. Her first cousin, (male) died as a result of some unknown bleeding disorder

      ParentalGenotype: Parents fully sequenced and

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000967, HP:0000978

      (Petechia, bruising)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Mucocutaneous hemorrhages

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed less than 10% of ITGA2B and ITGB3 complexes

      PlateletAggregation: Platelet aggregation in response to ADP, thrombin, collagen and epinephrine was less than 10% of normal platelets and risotcetin induced platelet agglutination was normal

      CasePreviousTesting: Complete analysis of ITGA2B and ITGB3 coding sequences were performed (PCR)

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.188G>A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA8603528

      gnomAD: MAF in the European (non-Finnish) population is 0.000008803 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42466654-C-T

    1. Menorrhagia due to abnormalities of the platelet function: Evaluation of two young patients

      PMID: 17250517

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions two GT case reports of girls with menorrhagia; however, there was no mention of variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3; therefore there is insufficient evidence

    1. GT 60-2

      Case36: GT60-2, Female, India, age of onset is 25 years old

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patients were recruited as they presented consecutively from 1996 to 1998 for evaluation of a mucocutaneous bleeding disorder

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: N/A

      PlateletAggregation: All patients examined had defective ADP, epinephrine, and collagen induced aggregation and normal ristocetin induced aggregation

      CasePreviousTesting: Mutations were detected by the method of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, followed by nucleotide sequencing and confirmation by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays. The sequences of the primers employed and the reaction conditions for PCR amplification of the exons, adjacent intronic regions, and 50 and 30 untranslated regions of the aIIb and b3 gene

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.428T>G (p.Leu143Trp)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 13567

      CAiD: CA123252

      gnomAD: MAF in the Other population is 0.0001629 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45361875-T-G

    2. GT 33

      Case26: GT33, Female, India, age of onset is 18 years old

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patients were recruited as they presented consecutively from 1996 to 1998 for evaluation of a mucocutaneous bleeding disorder

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: N/A

      PlateletAggregation: All patients examined had defective ADP, epinephrine, and collagen induced aggregation and normal ristocetin induced aggregation

      CasePreviousTesting: Mutations were detected by the method of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, followed by nucleotide sequencing and confirmation by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays. The sequences of the primers employed and the reaction conditions for PCR amplification of the exons, adjacent intronic regions, and 50 and 30 untranslated regions of the aIIb and b3 gene

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.428T>G (p.Leu143Trp)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 13567

      CAiD: CA123252

      gnomAD: MAF in the Other population is 0.0001629 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45361875-T-G)

    3. GT 25

      Case24: GT25, Female, India, age of onset is 5 years old

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patients were recruited as they presented consecutively from 1996 to 1998 for evaluation of a mucocutaneous bleeding disorder

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: N/A

      PlateletAggregation: All patients examined had defective ADP, epinephrine, and collagen induced aggregation and normal ristocetin induced aggregation

      CasePreviousTesting: Mutations were detected by the method of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, followed by nucleotide sequencing and confirmation by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays. The sequences of the primers employed and the reaction conditions for PCR amplification of the exons, adjacent intronic regions, and 50 and 30 untranslated regions of the aIIb and b3 gene

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.921C>A (p.Tyr307Ter)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400025209

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. Patient LeM

      Case#: Basani_1996_LeM, female, Caucasian, >1 y.o.

      DiseaseAssertion: GT

      FamilyInfo: nonconsanguineous parents

      ParentalGenotype: one obligatory carrier

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000967 Petechiae, HP:0000979 Purpura,

      PlateletAggregation: absence of platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, and collagen, but a normal response to ristocetin.

      CaseHPOFreeText: Platelet Count (1 day old): 181,000/mm^3

      CaseNotHPOs:

      CaseNotHPOFreeText:

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry: platelets expressed <5% of the normal amount of αIIbβ3 when stained with the β3-specific MoAb SSA6,24 the heterodimer-dependent MoAb A2A923,24 or the activation-dependent MoAb PAC1.25 On the other hand, LeM and control platelets bound comparable amounts of the anti-GPIb MoAb AP1, confirming that the defect in the patient's platelets was confined to αIIbβ3

      CasePreviousTesting:

      Method: PCR using VENT polymerase confirmed with SSCPA

      PreviouslyPublished:

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: exon 13 sequence containing the 6 bp deletion 5’-GTGACA-3’ (deletion of Val425-Asp426) (heterozygous)

      HGVS: NM_000419.5:c.1366_1371del (p.Val456_Asp457del)

      ClinVar: 2898

      CAID: CA8603160

      gnomAD: 0.000008791 European (non-Finnish)

    1. Rapid diagnosis of the French gypsy mutation in Glanzmann thrombasthenia using high- resolution melting analysis

      PMID: 20886184

      Gene: ITGA2B

      HGNC: 6138

      InsufficientEvidence: This article discusses the French Gypsy variant NM_000419.3:c.1544+1G>A (p.Val513Leufs*71) in ITGA2B and mentions a cohort of patients harboring this variant; however, there are no specific case level reports mentioned in this article therefore we have insufficient evidence

    1. GT6

      Case: 37 year old male French Gypsy

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001975

      (Decreased platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa)

      GenotypingMethod:Genotyping analysis of the HPA-1 system by high resolution melting analysis (methods not provided, cited article I don't have access too)

      ClinVar: 2895

      CAID: CA10575473

      Variant: NM_000419.5:c.1544+1G>A

      GnomAD: Not found

      ExpressionEvidence: Failed to express αIIbβ3 integrin on their platelet surface (methods not provided cited article no access too)

    1. GT13

      Case13: GT-13, Swiss, gender or age not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bleeding symptoms are moderate (See Table 1) Abstract mentions patients' bleeding signs include epistaxis, mucocutaneous bleeding, haematomas, petechiae, GI bleeding and menorrhagia; however, not specified per proband.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry was performed and expression is stated as pathogenic in Table 1

      PlateletAggregation: Platelet aggregation was performed and is stated as pathogenic in Table 1; however, no specific agonists mentioned

      CasePreviousTesting: All exons of ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes as well as surrounding intron regions were amplified by PCR using intronic primers as pre-viously described (12). The purified DNA fragments were then di-rectly sequenced.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.555T>G and NM_000419.3:c.1882C>T

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399805736 and CA399801310

      gnomAD: MAF in the Latino population is 0.00003983 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42456075-G-A

    2. GT3

      Case3: GT-3, Turkish, gender or age not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bleeding symptoms are severe and bleeding time is pathogenic (See Table 1) Abstract mentions patients' bleeding signs include epistaxis, mucocutaneous bleeding, haematomas, petechiae, GI bleeding and menorrhagia; however, not specified per proband.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry was performed and expression is stated as pathogenic in Table 1

      PlateletAggregation: Platelet aggregation was performed and is stated as pathogenic in Table 1; however, no specific agonists mentioned

      CasePreviousTesting: All exons of ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes as well as surrounding intron regions were amplified by PCR using intronic primers as pre-viously described (12). The purified DNA fragments were then di-rectly sequenced.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.310+3_310+6del

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA915940325

      gnomAD: N/A

  2. www.researchgate.net www.researchgate.net
    1. Patient 1

      Case1: Patient 1, Male, 6 years old

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Affected brother is Patient 2

      ParentalGenotype: Mother and father revealed heterozygosity for c.1878G>C mutation. (Parents are consanguineous)

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000967, HP:0000421, HP:0000225

      (Petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Hematomas,

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry analysis showed that there was no surface expression of GPIIb/IIIa detectable on patient 1's platelets, indicating a lack of platelet GPIIb/IIIa expression

      PlateletAggregation: All patients' platelets showed severely reduced platelet aggregation after stimulation with collagen and ADP in contrast to the normal range (See Table 1). Stimulation with epinephrine and arachidonic acid also demonstrated decreased platelet aggregation. In contrast, ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was within normal range for patient 1

      CasePreviousTesting: Sequenced ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes from one patient of each family (Patient 2 and 3) and Patient 1 and 4 were screened for the identified mutation in the corresponding family.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1878G>C (p.Gln626His)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2903

      CAiD: CA115852

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. A unique phenotype of acquired Glanzmann thrombastheniadue to non-function-blocking anti-aIIbb3 autoantibodies

      PMID: 30388316

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 (Proband presented with GT therefore these two genes may be involved)

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: Proband with Glanzmann thrombasthenia presented in this article; however, no variant information provided

    1. Supplemental Table S1:

      Case4: Male, India, age not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bleeding from multiple sites

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: >5% αIIbβ3 expression

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation (all the information that is provided in Supp. Table S1)

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing of exons, splice sites and untranslated regions of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes was performed

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1651C>T (p.Arg551Trp)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399802348

      gnomAD: MAF in the East Asian population is 0.00005045 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42457471-G-A

      PreviouslyPublished: PMID: 16879215

    1. 3.

      Case2: Female, Spanish, age not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Mild bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: N/A

      PlateletAggregation: Minimal information, not specific enough

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing identified disease-causing variants in 18 out of 20 patients (Probands 6 and 14 excluded) with istoantibodies to αIIbβ3. The mutations were evenly distributed between ITGB3 and ITGA2B.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.1031A>C (p.Tyr344Ser)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400025814

      gnomAD: N/A

    2. 5.

      Case5: Male, age or ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Severe bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: N/A

      PlateletAggregation: Minimal information, not specific enough

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing identified disease-causing variants in 18 out of 20 patients (Probands 6 and 14 excluded) with istoantibodies to αIIbβ3. The mutations were evenly distributed between ITGB3 and ITGA2B.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.892C>G (p.Gln298Ter)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400025097

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. Type I Glanzmann Thrombasthenia: Most CommonSubtypes in North Indians

      PMID: 14508803

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions GT patients however no variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 are mentioned in these patients.

      In this study the goal was to determine what the common subtype of GT was: The expression of GPIIb/IIIa on the platelet surface was assessed in 10 patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia and their families by flow cytometry to determine the common subtype in North Indians

    1. GT3

      Case#: GT3 male, 17 years old

      Disease: Glazmann's Thrombasthenia

      CasePresentingHPOs: (found in appendix) HP:0001892, HP:0000421, HP:0000225, HP:0000967, HP:0000979, HP:0031364, HP:0006298

      ExpressionEvidence: Flow Cytometry of platelet αIIbβ3: 0%CD41, .43% CD61

      FamilyInfo: Positive consanguinity

      GenotypingMethod: Sanger DNA sequencing to identify causative mutations in each case

      ClinVar: 1691476

      CAID: CA400030171

      Variant: NM_000212.3:c.1641C>G

      GnomAD: Not Found

    1. Substitution49CMVariantHomozygote718C

      Case30: Patient CM

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000421, HP:0000225, HP:0000132

      (Epistaxis, gingival bleeding, menorrhagia)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: N/A

      PlateletAggregation: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.718C>T (p.Arg240Trp)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 13555

      CAiD: CA123228

      gnomAD: MAF in the East Asian population is 0.00005437 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45363729-C-T

      PreviouslyPublished: Reference 48 and 49

    2. SH

      Case32: Patient SH

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: 20% GPIIIa and GPIIb surface expression

      PlateletAggregation: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.725G>A (p.Arg242Gln)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA291224896

      gnomAD: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: Reference number 5 in this article

    1. Supplementary Table S1:

      Case28: GT33a, USA/Laos, gender and age not specified or reported

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia type I

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: All patients had a life-long history of mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes an absent or strongly reduced expression of alphaIIbBeta3 in platelets

      PlateletAggregation: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes absent or severely reduced platelet aggregation with at least three physiological agonists

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing was performed. Sanger sequencing ensured coverage of all exons and splice sties of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes and extended 300-500 bp into the introns as well as including the UTR. They sequenced 416 bp upstream of the ITGA2B promoter and 463 bp upstream of the ITGB3 promoter. In total they sequenced 51.2% of the ITGA2B gene and 19.4% of the larger ITGB3 gene

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.262C>T (p.Arg88Ter) and NM_000212.2:c.2113del (p.Ley705Cysfs*4)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400020703 and CA8623443

      gnomAD: MAF in the Other population is 0.0001385 for (p.Arg88Ter) https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45360816-C-T and MAF in the East Asian population is 0.0001087 for (p.Ley705Cysfs*4) https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45380183-TC-T

    2. Supplementary Table S1:

      Case6: GT7, French, gender and age not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia type I

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: All patients had a life-long history of mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes an absent or strongly reduced expression of alphaIIbBeta3 in platelets

      PlateletAggregation: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes absent or severely reduced platelet aggregation with at least three physiological agonists

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing was performed. Sanger sequencing ensured coverage of all exons and splice sties of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes and extended 300-500 bp into the introns as well as including the UTR. They sequenced 416 bp upstream of the ITGA2B promoter and 463 bp upstream of the ITGB3 promoter. In total they sequenced 51.2% of the ITGA2B gene and 19.4% of the larger ITGB3 gene

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.187C>T (p.Arg63Cys) and NM_000212.2:c.505C>T (p.Arg169Ter)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 631774

      CAiD: CA8622892 and CA291224658

      gnomAD: MAF in the East Asian population is 0.00005012 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45360741-C-T

    3. Supplementary Table S1:

      Case55: GT65, French, gender and age not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia type I

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: All patients had a life-long history of mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes an absent or strongly reduced expression of alphaIIbBeta3 in platelets

      PlateletAggregation: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes absent or severely reduced platelet aggregation with at least three physiological agonists

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing was performed. Sanger sequencing ensured coverage of all exons and splice sties of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes and extended 300-500 bp into the introns as well as including the UTR. They sequenced 416 bp upstream of the ITGA2B promoter and 463 bp upstream of the ITGB3 promoter. In total they sequenced 51.2% of the ITGA2B gene and 19.4% of the larger ITGB3 gene

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.574+1G>A and NM_000419.3:c.1946+3G>T

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399805691 and CA626121071

      gnomAD: MAF in the African population is 0.000 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42456008-C-A

    4. Supplementary Table S1:

      Case60: GT70, French/Arab, gender and ethnicity are not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia type I

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: All patients had a life-long history of mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes an absent or strongly reduced expression of alphaIIbBeta3 in platelets

      PlateletAggregation: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes absent or severely reduced platelet aggregation with at least three physiological agonists

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing was performed. Sanger sequencing ensured coverage of all exons and splice sties of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes and extended 300-500 bp into the introns as well as including the UTR. They sequenced 416 bp upstream of the ITGA2B promoter and 463 bp upstream of the ITGB3 promoter. In total they sequenced 51.2% of the ITGA2B gene and 19.4% of the larger ITGB3 gene

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: M_000212.2:c.613_614+2del

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA915940309

      gnomAD: N/A

    5. Supplementary Table S1:

      Case13: GT14, French, gender age and ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia type I

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: All patients had a life-long history of mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes an absent or strongly reduced expression of alphaIIbBeta3 in platelets

      PlateletAggregation: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes absent or severely reduced platelet aggregation with at least three physiological agonists

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing was performed. Sanger sequencing ensured coverage of all exons and splice sties of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes and extended 300-500 bp into the introns as well as including the UTR. They sequenced 416 bp upstream of the ITGA2B promoter and 463 bp upstream of the ITGB3 promoter. In total they sequenced 51.2% of the ITGA2B gene and 19.4% of the larger ITGB3 gene

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.423G>T (p.Trp141Cys) and NM_000419.3:c.2902del (p.Tyr968Metfs*163)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399806022 and CA915940332

      gnomAD: N/A

    6. Supplementary Table S1:

      Case9: French/Italian, gender and age not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia type I

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: All patients had a life-long history of mucocutaneous bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes an absent or strongly reduced expression of alphaIIbBeta3 in platelets

      PlateletAggregation: All patients in this study met the clinical and platelet function requirements for GT-- this includes absent or severely reduced platelet aggregation with at least three physiological agonists

      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing was performed. Sanger sequencing ensured coverage of all exons and splice sties of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes and extended 300-500 bp into the introns as well as including the UTR. They sequenced 416 bp upstream of the ITGA2B promoter and 463 bp upstream of the ITGB3 promoter. In total they sequenced 51.2% of the ITGA2B gene and 19.4% of the larger ITGB3 gene

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1440-13_1440-1del (p.Arg480Serfs*106) and NM_000419.3:c.3077G>A (p.Arg1026Gln)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 50232

      CAiD: CA913184940 and CA10575572

      gnomAD: MAF in the European (non-Finnish) population is 0.000008801 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42449775-C-T for (p.Arg1026Gln)

    1. Patient Osaka-12

      Case1: Female, 21 years old, Japanese (Named Osaka-12 in this study)

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: The substitution was inherited from her father. The molecular genetic defect inherited from her mother remains determined.

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Moderate mucocutaneous bleeding in childhood

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed revealed a significant reduction in the expression of αIIbβ3 on Osaka-12 platelets

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen but a normal response to ristocetin

      CasePreviousTesting: To identify the molecular genetic defect for the proband of interest, all coding regions of ITGA2B and ITGB3 cDNA amplified by RT-PCR were analyzed

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.520T>C (p.Tyr174His)

      LegacyVariant: (p.Tyr143His)

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399805805

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. Two male patients

      Case1: Male, age not specified, ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: See Fig 3

      ParentalGenotype: Both mutations were found to be heterozygous in all family members that includes parents

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      (Gum bleeding, ecchymosis, epistaxis)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed that the surface expression of GPIIb/IIIa in patients was 0% and both parents also showed reduced expression as well.

      PlateletAggregation: Platelet aggregation in response to all the agonists except risocetin was completely absent in the patient

      CasePreviousTesting: Mutation screening by conformational sensitive gel electrophoresis was performed in all the 30 exons of ITGA2B and 15 exons of ITGB3 gene in this patient

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1028T>C (p.Leu343Pro) and a promoter variant g.951G>A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399804619 and need to ask about second variant--made note in google doc to ask

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. The proband is a 35-day old female infant born from a twin delivery.

      Case1: Female, 35 day old, ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: The proband’s mother and father carry heterozygous c.512delC and c.1686delG mutations, respectively. Other parameters for parents are shown in Table 1.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0031364, HP:0000967

      (Ecchymosis, petechiae)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Large parietal and cervical cephalohaematoma, severe anemia

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry of platelet surface antigens revealed the absence of the αIIbβ3 complex.

      PlateletAggregation: Prolonged closure time at PFA-100, absent ADP, adrenaline, collagen induced platelet aggregation, and ristocetin induced platelet aggregation at the lower limit of normal

      CasePreviousTesting: Sequencing of ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes showed that proband is compound het.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: Can not conclusively determine if c.481delC and c.1654delG are the variants intended by the authors based on the available information.

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. Identifying human platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa by capillary electrophoresis

      PMID: 9694297

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This mentions a Glanzmann thrombasthenia patient; however, no variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 are mentioned in this patient; therefore, we have insufficient evidence

    1. Epistaxis as a Common Presenting Symptom of Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia, a Rare Qualitative Platelet Disorder: Illustrative Case Examples

      PMID: 28299211

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions cases of patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia and their phenotypes; however, no mention of variants in ITGB3 or ITGA2B

    1. N

      Case14: Patient ID N, Male, 7 years old, ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000967, HP:0000979, HP:0000978, HP:0004406, HP:0000225

      (Petechiae, purpura, easy bruising, recurrent epistaxis, gingival bleeding)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Hemorrhage after dental, hemorrhage after trauma

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002239, HP:0002239, HP:0000790, HP:0005261, HP:0002248

      (GI bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, hematuria, hemarthrosis, hematemesis)

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: Ear bleeding

      ProteinExpression: N/A

      PlateletAggregation: Defective response to ADP, adrenaline, collagen, arachidonic acid, and normal response to ristocetin

      CasePreviousTesting: Exon PCR was used to amplify coding regions of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes. PCR products were purified and Sanger sequenced. Segregation using parental samples was undertaken when available

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.774T>A (p.Cys258Ter)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA400023704

      gnomAD: N/A

    2. E

      Case5: Patient ID E, Female, 1 year old, ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000978, HP:0000225

      (Easy bruising, gingival bleeding)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0000967, HP:0000979, HP:0004406, HP:0002239, HP:0002239, HP:0000790, HP:0005261, HP:0002248

      (Petechiae, purpura, recurrent epistaxis, GI bleeding, Intracranial hemorrhage, hematuria, hemarthrosis, hematemesis)

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: Hemorrhage after dental, hemorrhage after trauma, ear bleeding, hematoma

      ProteinExpression: N/A

      PlateletAggregation: Defective response to ADP, adrenaline, collagen, arachidonic acid, and normal response to ristocetin

      CasePreviousTesting: Exon PCR was used to amplify a;; coding regions of the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes. PCR products were purified and Sanger sequenced. Segregation using parental samples was undertaken when available.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: c.1460insAGGT (p.Ser477Gfs*111)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: Unregistered Variant

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. 4

      Case4: Gender or age not specified, Thai ethnicity

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Parental information available in Table 2

      ParentalGenotype: Father: p.Gln508Hisfs*3/WT and Mother: No mutations in the coding region

      Note: No parental consanguinity

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: The article does not mention specific bleeding phenotypes for each of the 4 probands in the article, rather, there is a general statement that says: "The common presentations included recurrent epistaxis, bleeding in oral cavity, and easy-bruising spontaneously or after trauma"

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinEpression: General statement from the article that states that flow cytometry to assess the surface GPIIb/IIIa complex showed reduced expression for all probands.

      PlateletAggregation: The platelet aggregation test was typically defective with all physiological agonists except ristocetin, for all patients.

      CasePreviousTesting: Whole exome sequencing was performed on the 30 exons of ITGA2B and 15 exons in ITGB3. PCR and direct sequencing were then performed in the DNA samples of the patients and their available parents to verify the presence of the identified mutations.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1524_1533del (p.Gln508Hisfs*3)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA915940265

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. Talin distribution and phosphorylation in thrombin-activated platelets

      PMID: 8126100

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      NoEvidence: This article does not mention GT probands or variants in ITGA2B and ITGB3. In this study, researchers have examined the talin phosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage as possible mechanisms by which talin's subcellular distribution could be regulated in platelets.

    1. Thepatient(M.S.)

      Case1: (M.S) Female, 19 years old, Caucasian

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: The mutation has been inherited from proband's parents who are heterozygous for the same mutation the proband has.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000978 (Bruising)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Intracerebral hematoma

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: See Fig 4 for flow cytometry analysis of protein expression

      PlateletAggregation: Absence of platelet aggregation in response to all agonists tested i.e. ADP, collagen, platelet activating factor acether thrombin, and arachidonic acid; however, ristocetin induced platelet aggregation was normal

      CasePreviousTesting: Sequenced patient's GPIIIa exons encompasing a highlight conserved reion of GPIIIa.

      Gene: ITGB3

      Variant: NM_000212.2:c.718C>T (p.Arg240Trp)

      LegacyVariant: (p.Arg214Trp)

      ClinVar: 13555

      CAiD: CA123228

      gnomAD: MAF in the East Asian population is 0.00005437 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-45363729-C-T

    1. The proband was a 2‐year‐old man

      Case1: Male. 2 years old, Gypsy

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: See Fig 3 and 4 for family pedigree

      ParentalGenotype: Parents are heterozygous for the variant of interest

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Mucocutaneous hemorrhages and spontaneous bruising

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Protein expression results can be found in Table 1

      PlateletAggregation: Platelets aggregated in response to agonists although they reacted positively to ristocetin (See Case History section for this sentence

      CasePreviousTesting: Analyzed the amplification of products of all exons of GPII and their intronic flanking regions by single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis. All GPIIIa exons were also analyzed by SSCP and gave results identical to controls

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.1063G>A (p.Glu355Lys)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2899

      CAiD: CA115844

      gnomAD: MAF in the European (non-Finnish) population is 0.00001978 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-42461008-C-T

    1. A New Case of Acquired Glanzmann’sThrombasthenia: Diagnostic Value ofFlow Cytometry

      PMID: 18200593

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions a 27 year old proband with Glanzmann thrombasthenia; however, no variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 were mentioned in this proband therefore we have insufficient evidence

  3. watermark.silverchair.com watermark.silverchair.com
    1. The patient (L.W.)

      Case1: (Patient L.W) Male, 55 years old, ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: Father passed away and mother has not yet been studied

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004406, HP:0006298, HP:0002239

      (Recurrent epistaxis, prolonged bleeding following dental extraction, gastrointestinal bleeding,

      CaseHPOFreeText: Pharyngeal bleeding

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Surface expression levels found in Table 2

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation tests in response to ADP but a normal initial response to ristocetin

      CasePreviousTesting: Sequence analysis of GPIIb RNA was performed. Using 10 pairs of primers that hybridize to sequences specific for GPIIb cDNA, PCR products were generated by RT-PCR from total RNA of the patient and a normal control

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.641T>C (p.Leu214Pro)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 2901

      CAiD: CA115848

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. A 3‐year‐old Cypriot girl

      Case1: Female, 3 years old, Cypriot

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: Father and paternal uncle were also affected with same mutation (See Figure 3 for family pedigree)

      ParentalGenotype: Father is homozygous for the mutation and the mother is heterozygous for the mutation (See Discussion)

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000225, HP:0000421, HP:0031364

      (Gingival bleeding, epistaxis, ecchymosis)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed decreased surface expression of αIIb and β3 in patients' platelets

      PlateletAggregation: Absent platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epineprhine, collagen but normal ristocetin induced platelet aggregation

      CasePreviousTesting: SSCP analysis of the αIIb gene in the three patients revealed an altered pattern of migration of the DNA fragment containing exons 5 and 6 and their flanking intronic regions.

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.605T>G (p.Phe202Cys)

      LegacyVariant: (p.Phe171Cys) + 31= (p.Phe202Cys)

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399805605

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. patient (GT-1

      Case1: GT-1, gender, age, ethnicity not specified

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      ParentalGenotype: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Relatively mild bleeding syndrome and does not routinely require treatment except for iron supplementation

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      ProteinExpression: Flow cytometry showed that this patient lacked integrin αIIbβ3 expression

      PlateletAggregation: Platelets failed to aggregate with physical agonists

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.2933G>T (p.Gly978Val) and NM_000419.3:c.2994G>A (p.Trp998Ter)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAiD: CA399790478 and CA399789759

      gnomAD: N/A

    1. 1874

      Case1874(T.C.) Female, 5yo diagnosis, Irish

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0010864, HP:0000939, HP:0002942, HP:0000766, HP:0000276, HP:0000275, HP:0000218, HP:0000689, HP:0002857, HP:0001166, HP:0001634, HP:0001263, HP:0000750, HP:0002240, HP:0002353

      (Severe intellectual disability, Osteoporosis, Thoracic kyphosis, Sternal anomaly, Long face, Thin face, High palate, Malocclusion, Genu valgum, Arachnodactyly, Lens dislocation, Mitral valve prolapse, Delayed milestones, Speech delay, Enlarged liver, EEG abnormality)

      HPOsFreeText Patient had severe intellectual disability. Her spine was normal, but long bones were osteoporotic. Upon exam at 5yo, she had mild kyphosis of upper thoracic spine, mild sternal depression, marked genu valgum, and arachnodactyly. Patient was also myopic with bilateral lens dislocation. She had prominent recurrent malar flush, long and thin face, high-arched palate, malocclusion and mitral valve prolapse.

      (PMID: 20329304): Patient was born at term after normal pregnancy weighing 3.4kg. Normal neonatal course, but with delayed milestones. Speech at 5yo was monosyllabic , but verbal comprehension was good. No convulsions at this time. She had a palpable liver, 2cm below margin, but had normal consistence. She had an abnormal EEG with non-specific diffuse changes and excess slow-wave activity. Patient's IQ was 36.

      CaseNotHPOs HP:0001250, HP:0002086, HP:0000707

      (Seizures, Respiratory abnormality, Neurologic abnormality)

      NotHPOsFreeText n/a

      CasePreviousTesting Plasma homocysteine was 70μM pretreatment. Pyroxidine treatment reduced those levels to trace amounts. In patient fibroblasts, no CBS protein was detect on Western blot and CBS assay detected no activity. (PMID: 20329304): "Full hemogram, routine urine analysis, liver function tests, serum ion and iron-binding capacity, plasma magnesium, serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, fasting blood sugars, blood urea nitrogen, and bone marrow examination were all normal". Heavy homocysteine spot shown on chromatogram of urinary amino acids.

      CaseMethod1 PCR

      CaseMethod2 Sanger

      CaseGenotypingMethod Created a bacteria expression system in E.coli by substituting one of three fragments of (PCR amplified)patient cDNA into WT CBS sequence already subcloned in expression plasmids. Bacteria were screened based on which ones did not have CBS activity. Those that did not have activity were thought to have LOF variants in CBS. Plasmids containing the inactivating fragments, ones cut with NcoI/XmaI, were sequenced.

      Variant 1. NM_000071.2:c.233C>G (p.Pro78Arg);2. NM_000071.2:c.306G>C (p.Lys102Asn) - 1&2 in cis

      ClinVar 1. 188988;2. 188989

      gnomAD 1. MAF=0.0001631(Other), no homozygotes, 2. MAF=0.0001630(Other), no homozygotes

      CaseAddInfo n/a

      CasePMIDs 20329304

    2. 75) w

      Case1875(M.C.) Female, 22yo died, Irish

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0001263, HP:0001249, HP:0001250, HP:0002650, HP:0002625, HP:0005625, HP:0002857, HP:0000545, HP:0000276, HP:0000275, HP:0000218, HP:0000678, HP:0002878, HP:0001695, HP:0002240

      (Developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Seizures, Scoliosis, Deep vein thrombosis, Osteoporosis of vertebrae, Genu valgum, Myopia, Long face, Narrow face, High palate, Crowded teeth, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest, Enlarged liver)

      HPOsFreeText Diagnosed with homocystinuria after exam for developmental delay at 13mo. Patient had severe intellectual disability and seizures. At 14yo she had surgery for scoliosis, postsurgery she had a popliteal vein thrombosis. In addition to osteoporosis of the spine, she had genu valgum and myopia. The patient also had a long and narrow face, high-arched palate and crowded teeth. Respiratory failure and cardiac arrest at 22yo likely due to overuse of antiasthmatic medication.

      (PMID:20329304): She was delivered normally at term, weighed 3kg, made uncomplicated neonatal progress, no history of convulsions,reached early milestones at expected times but did not sit up until 13mo. On report she was well fed and well developed, but with persistent shadow in right upper load on roentgenogram, enlarged liver of normal consistence, spleen was not palpable, negative neurological exam, mental age was 9mo. Aortogram was negative for vascular abnormalities in upper left chest. Skull and long bones were normal but osteoporosis of the spine was detected by roentgenogram.

      CaseNotHPOs HP:0001083

      (Lens dislocation)

      NotHPOsFreeText no malar flush, lens displacement, or skeletal deformity on exam at 13mo.

      CasePreviousTesting Plasma homocysteine was 45μM pretreatment. Pyroxidine treatment reduced those levels to trace amounts. In patient fibroblasts, no CBS protein was detect on Western blot and CBS assay detected no activity. (PMID: 20329304): "Full hemogram, routine urine analysis, liver function tests, serum ion and iron-binding capacity, plasma magnesium, serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, fasting blood sugars, blood urea nitrogen, and bone marrow examination were all normal". Strong positive on cyanide nitroprusside, heavy homocysteine spot on chromatogram of urinary amino acids.

      CaseMethod1 PCR

      CaseMethod2 Sanger

      CaseGenotypingMethod Created a bacteria expression system in E.coli by substituting one of three fragments of (PCR amplified)patient cDNA into WT CBS sequence already subcloned in expression plasmids. Bacteria were screened based on which ones did not have CBS activity. Those that did not have activity were thought to have LOF variants in CBS. Plasmids containing the inactivating fragments, one cut with NcoI/XmaI and another cut with Bpu1102/BstX, were sequenced.

      Variant 1. NM_000071.2:c.715G>A (p.Glu239Lys),

      1. NM_000071.2:c.233C>G (p.Pro78Arg);3. NM_000071.2:c.306G>C (p.Lys102Asn) - 2&3 in cis, compound heterozygous

      ClinVar 1. n/a, 2. 188988;3. 188989

      CAID 1. CA410600501

      gnomAD 1. not in gnomAD, 2. MAF=0.0001631(Other), no homozygotes, 3. MAF=0.0001630(Other), no homozygotes

      CaseAddInfo n/a

      CasePMIDs 20329304

    3. These patients

      FamilyLabel Family 1

      Family1PresentingHPOs HP:0000924, HP:0000939

      (Skeletal anomalies, Osteoporosis)

      HPOsFreeText Patients diagnosed with homocystinuria after finding abnormally high homocysteine on urine sample exam.

      FamilyNotHPOs n/a

      NotHPOsFreeText n/a

      CountryOrigin Ireland

      Ethnicity n/a

      Race n/a

      Family1PreviousTesting Tested pretreatment plasma homocysteine in each patient. Pyroxidine treatment dramatically reduced plasma homocysteine in all patients. In patient fibroblasts, no CBS protein was detect on Western blot and CBS assay detected no activity. (PMID: 20329304): "Full hemogram, routine urine analysis, liver function tests, serum ion and iron-binding capacity, plasma magnesium, serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, fasting blood sugars, blood urea nitrogen, and bone marrow examination were all normal". Heavy homocysteine spot was detected on chromatogram of urinary amino acids.

      FamilyMethod1 PCR

      FamilyMethod2 Sanger

      FamilyGenotypingMethod Created a bacteria expression system in E.coli by substituting one of three fragments of (PCR amplified)patient cDNA into WT CBS sequence already subcloned in expression plasmids. Bacteria were screened based on which ones did not have CBS activity. Those that did not have activity were thought to have LOF variants in CBS. Plasmids containing the inactivating fragments were sequenced.

      ProbandLabel 1875

      Variant 1. NM_000071.2:c.715G>A (p.Glu239Lys),

      1. NM_000071.2:c.233C>G (p.Pro78Arg);3. NM_000071.2:c.306G>C (p.Lys102Asn) - 2&3 in cis, compound heterozygous

      ClinVar 1. n/a, 2. 188988;3. 188989

      CAID 1. CA410600501

      gnomAD 1. not in gnomAD, 2. MAF=0.0001631(Other), no homozygotes, 3. MAF=0.0001630(Other), no homozygotes

      FamilyAddInfo Father unavailable for study. Mother was clinically/biochemically healthy with an unexplained macrocytosis. Mother had absent CBS activity, but no homocystinuria symptoms and was heterozygous for the Glu239Lys variant. The variant was found in inactive bacteria carrying the BB segment. Presence of the variant was reinforced by amplifying, subcloning, then sequencing her genomic DNA of the region corresponding to BB.

      FamilyPMIDs 20329304

    1. The patient

      Case1 (Level 1)

      Case1: male, 5y (at time of study, born 1998), Greece, Gypsy (Roma)

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002587, HP:0008872, HP:0001662, HP:0003235 (projectile vomiting (at birth), feeding difficulties in infancy, bradycardia (infancy), hypermethioninemia)

      HPOsFreeText: 3350 g birthweight, elevated serum aminmotransferases, mildly elevated ALT and AST at 2y, mild ferritin elevation 173 ng/ml, serum triglycerides 155 mg/dl, total cholesterol 248 mg/dl, aspartate transaminase 31 to 154 U/L, alanine transaminase 34-180 U/L, urine methionine 508-627 umol/L, methionine excretion 60 umol/mmol, plasma methionine 1005-1049 umol/L, plasma AdoMet 1643-2222 nmol/L, plasma cystathionine 740-900 nmol/L, plasma phosphatidylcholine 2622-2641 umol/L, plasma betaine 218-382 umol/L, plasma dimethylglycine 11.7-12.1 umol/L

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002240 (hepatomegaly)

      NotHPOsFreeText: normal apgar score, normal blood ammonia, normal lactate, normal tyrosine, , normal plasma N-methylglycine 1.4-1.6 umol/L, normal plasma AdoHcy 32-43 nmol/L, normal plasma tHcy 11.1-12.1 umol/L, normal plasma tCys 206-217 umol/L, normal plasma choline 10.2-14.0 umol/L

      CaseAddInfo: Adopted at 9 mo, no family info,

      CasePMIDs: n/a

      Case1 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: metabolite assays: tHcy- fluorescent polarization method; urinary organic acids- gas chromatography mass spectrometry; plasma methionine, tHcy, cystathionine, tCys, dimethylglycine, sarcosine- capillary gas chromatography

      CaseMethod1: PCR

      CaseGenotypingMethod: genomic DNA isolated from blood samples (affected patient and 10 healthy American controls). 1.9 kb 5'-fragment of GNMT gene prepared using PCR primers and 1.8 kb 3' fragment prepared using other primers. PCR fragments were purified. Sequencing done by dideoxy sequencing method. Plasmid pGE3 containing wild-type GNMT cDNA was used to prepare mutated human GNMT cDNA. Fragments of all exons and most introns and 300 nucelotides at 5' and 3' flanking ends were sequence using the GNMT sequence specified by GI 8671581 which found a single nucleotide substitution in AAC codon of exon 3:3415A>G.


      Variant: NM_018960.5(GNMT):c.422A>G (p.Asn141Ser)

      ClinVar: 218931

      CAID: CA347847

      gnomAD: not in gnomAD


      CaseAddInfo: No additional point mutation was found in the coding regions of patients GNMT gene, so the paper concludes that either he is homozygous or he has a deletion on the other allele that overlaps 3415A>G change and prevented PCR amplification in region of question.

    1. Biallelic

      Case#: Hazelwood case, 43 yrs (report), male

      CaseHPOs: HP:0003235, HP:0012185 (hypermethioninemia, carpal tunnel)

      CaseHPOsFreeText: Elevated urine methionine; Halitosis due to elevated breath dimethylsulphide; mild aortic insufficiency “attributable to rheumatic fever”, Gilbert disease (based on transient hyperbilirubinemia)

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: Normal brain MRI with no evidence of demyelination (age 43 years). Developmentally, physically, and mentally normal. Liver histology was normal (age 31 years). Normal neurologic exam. Normal electrolytes and blood chemistry, normal cholesterol, normal AST, ALT, and LDH, normal testosterone.

      CasePreviousTesting: 25–30-fold elevation of plasma methionine (716-941 uM; controls 15-40, mean 26). Normal plasma tyrosine, normal homocysteine. Urine methionine 352-578 umol/day (controls 39-225, mean 99). Urine transamination metabolites 174-254 mmol/mol creatinine (controls ~1.8); breath dimethylsulfide 2.52-5.86 nmol/L (controls 0.13-0.65, mean 0.34); 7% normal activity of hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase in liver; hepatic activities of cystathionine-beta-synthase, gamma-cystathionase, and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase were normal.

      CaseMethod1: SSCP

      CaseMethod2: Sequencing

      CaseGenotypingMethod: All 9 exons and intron-exon junctions of MAT1A were amplified by PCR from genomic DNA. This was followed by SSCP analysis and sequence analysis of PCR products with abnormal mobility.

      Variant: c.539insTG (homozygous)

      ClinVar: NA

      CAID: CA210326818

      gnomAD: The highest population minor allele frequency = 0.00001759 (non-Finnish); no homozygotes in any population.

      CaseAddInfo: Both parents are heterozygous for the variant. Possible consanguinity - the patient’s father’s maternal grandfather and his mother’s paternal grandmother shared the same name and had lived their entire lives in an isolated West Virginia community.

      CasePMIDs: 3812486, 3339126

      Points: 1.5 points. This individual is homozygous for a frameshift variant in MAT1A. The highest population minor allele frequency = 0.00001759 (non-Finnish); no homozygotes in any population. The score is reduced because only some, but not all, causes of hypermethioninemia have been ruled out.

    1. Patient 1

      Case1: Newborn, male, Hmong (China)

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOFreeText: Delivered at 33 weeks of gestation as a result of preterm labor. Postnatally required care for respiratory distress and pneumonia. NBS revealed elevated C5 acylcarnitine. Treated with L-carnitine supplementation and discharged at 4 weeks. Normal development at 12 months.

      CaseNotHPOs:

      CasePreviousTesting: Plasma C5-acylcarnitine 0.7, 3.4 umol/L (ref <0.6); urine 2-MBG 1.8, 10.2, 13.4, 28.7 ug/mg creatinine (ref 0.3-7.5); urine IVG 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 1.1 ug/mg creatinine (ref 0.3-14.3).

      CaseGenotypingMethod: PCR and sequencing of entire gene.

      Variant: NM_001609.3:c.1165A>G (p.Met389Val) (homozygous)

      CAID: CA5730948

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.0005513

      VariantEvidence: PCR of cDNA using primers in exon 9 and exon 11 showed that exon 10 was missing. Analysis of intron exon junctions flanking exon 10 did not reveal any changes.

      CaseAddInfo: Diagnosis confirmed by Western blot of fibroblasts which showed no SBCAD protein. Treatment discontinued without consequence.

      CasePMIDs:

    2. Patient 2

      Case2: Newborn, Hmong (China)

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOFreeText: Born after normal pregnancy, postnatal course normal except for moderately elevated C5-acylcarnitine found during NBS. Treatment with L-carnitine supplementation. Treatment was discontinued without consequence.

      CaseNotHPOs:

      CasePreviousTesting: Plasma C5-acylcarnitine 3.0, 3.2 umol/L (ref <0.6); urine 2-MBG 2.9, 15.5 ug/mg creatinine (ref 0.3-7.5); urine IVG 0.1, 0.6 ug/mg creatinine (ref 0.3-14.3).

      CaseGenotypingMethod: PCR and sequencing of entire gene.

      Variant: NM_001609.3:c.1165A>G (p.Met389Val) (homozygous)

      CAID: CA5730948

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.0005513

      VariantEvidence: PCR of cDNA using primers in exon 9 and exon 11 showed that exon 10 was missing. Analysis of intron exon junctions flanking exon 10 did not reveal any changes.

      CaseAddInfo: Diagnosis confirmed by Western blot of fibroblasts which showed no SBCAD protein.

      CasePMIDs:

    1. HCU-102-3

      Case# HCU-102-3, 8yo report, Iran, Sistani

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0001083, HP:0003235, HP:0000924

      (Ectopia lentis, Increased methionine in blood, Skeletal abnormality)

      HPOsFreeText skeletal abnormality/elongated long bone, increased urinary cysteine, elevated plasma methionine

      CaseNotHPOs HP:0001249, HP:0002970, HP:0001010, HP:0000501

      (Intellectual disability, Genu varum, Hypopigmentation, Glaucoma)

      NotHPOsFreeText n/a

      CasePreviousTesting plasma methionine 108μm/l(normal range 6-40μm/l)

      CaseMethod1 Sanger

      CaseMethod2 n/a

      CaseGenotypingMethod Sanger sequenced exon 3 of the CBS gene

      Variant NM_000071.2(CBS):c.346G>A (p.Gly116Arg), homozygous

      ClinVar 188787

      gnomAD MAF=0.00002892(Latino), no homozygotes

      CaseAddInfo from the province of Sistan and Baluchestan. no known consanguinity although the patient is homozygous for a founder variant

      CasePMIDs n/a

    2. families

      FamilyLabel HCU-103

      Family#PresentingHPOs HP:0001249

      (Intellectual disability)

      HPOsFreeText elevated plasma homocysteine, elevated urinary cysteine

      FamilyNotHPOs HP:0001083, HP:0002970, HP:0001010, HP:0000501, HP:0000924

      (Ectopia lentis, Genu varum, Hypopigmentation, Glaucoma, Skeletal abnormalities)

      NotHPOsFreeText skeletal abnormality/elongated long bones

      CountryOrigin Iran

      Ethnicity Sistani

      Race n/a

      Family#PreviousTesting tested for homocysteine in plasma and for cysteine in urine

      FamilyMethod1 Sanger

      FamilyMethod2 n/a

      FamilyGenotypingMethod Sanger sequenced exon 3 of the CBS gene

      ProbandLabel HCU-103-4

      Variant NM_000071.2(CBS):c.346G>A (p.Gly116Arg), homozygous

      ClinVar 188787

      gnomAD MAF=0.00002892(Latino), no homozygotes

      FamilyAddInfo from the province of Sistan and Baluchestan. no known consanguinity although the affected individuals are homozygous for a founder variant

      FamilyPMIDs n/a

    1. 19

      Case19: 1 mo (at biopsy), White

      Case 19 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 1.2 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 1.0 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.655A>T (p.Asn219Tyr)

      ClinVar: 1886

      CAID: CA249731

      gnomAD: 0.0001318 (European non-Finnish)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1332+1delG

      ClinVar: 554656

      CAID: CA3846920

      gnomAD: 0.000008828 (European non-Finnish)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 type, heterozygous mutations, unknown cis or trans

    2. 18

      Case18: 2 mo (at biopsy), French Canadian

      Case 18 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.7 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 0.7 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.655A>T (p.Asn219Tyr)

      ClinVar: 1886

      CAID: CA249731

      gnomAD: 0.0001318 (European non-Finnish)

      __

      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1240delG (p.Glu414LysfsTer17)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA3846936

      gnomAD: 0.000008796 (European Non-Finnish)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 type. Variant 2 is novel. heterozygous mutations, unknown cis or trans.

    3. 17

      Case17: 6 y (at biopsy), Black

      Case 17 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.6 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 0.6 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.631_633delGAG (p.Glu211del)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA913187321

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.682C>T (p.Arg228Ter)

      ClinVar: 203855

      CAID: CA312778

      gnomAD: 0.0002615 (Latino)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 type, heterozygous mutations. Variant 1 is novel. MUT mutations are in trans- demonstrated by RT-PCR of mRNA. Additional variant found in MCEE gene (NM_032601.3:c.428G>A, ClinVar: 336936, CAID: CA1702575, gnomAD: 0.08102 (Latino)) MCEE variant is unlikely to be associated with patient's MMA.

    4. 16

      Case16: 5 days (at biopsy), Lao/Thai/Mexican/Portugese

      Case 16 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.6 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 0.5 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.581C>T (p.Pro194Leu)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA364404418

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.682C>T (p.Arg228Ter)

      ClinVar: 203855

      CAID: CA312778

      gnomAD: 0.0002615 (Latino)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 type, heterozygous mutation, unknown cis or trans

    5. 15

      Case15: 3 wks (at biopsy), white

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.5 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 0.7 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.572C>A (p.Ala191Glu)

      ClinVar: 203854

      CAID: CA312777

      gnomAD: 0.00006976 (European non-FInnish)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.754-2A>G

      ClinVar: 552691

      CAID: CA364402853

      gnomAD: n/a


      CaseAddInfo: variant 2 is a novel, splice site mutation. Heterozygous mutations, unknown cis or trans.

    6. 13

      Case13: 21 y (at biopsy), English/Irish

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 1.5 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 1.5 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.572C>A (p.Ala191Glu)

      ClinVar: 203854

      CAID: CA312777

      gnomAD: 0.00006976 (European non-FInnish)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.682C>T (p.Arg228Ter)

      ClinVar: 203855

      CAID: CA312778

      gnomAD: 0.0002615 (Latino)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 type, heterozygous mutation, unknown cis or trans

    7. 12

      Case12: 6y (at biopsy), no ethnicity recorded

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.5 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 1.3 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.556A>G (p.Met186Val)

      ClinVar: 551460

      CAID: CA3847093

      gnomAD: 0.00001760 (European Non-Finnish)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1106G>A (p.Arg369His)

      ClinVar: 203846

      CAID: CA312764

      gnomAD: 0.0001504 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: mut- type, heterozygous mutations, unknown cis or trans

    8. 11

      Case11: 6y (at biopsy), White/Hispanic

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 2.6 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 7.0 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.566A>T (p.Asn189Ille)

      ClinVar: 222915

      CAID: CA3847091

      gnomAD: 0.000008804 (European Non-Finnish)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.655A>T (p.Asn219Tyr)

      ClinVar: 1886

      CAID: CA249731

      gnomAD: 0.0001318 (European non-Finnish)


      CaseAddInfo: Variant 1 is novel, unknown cis or trans. mut- type.

    9. 14

      Case14: 3 mo (at biopsy), White/Australian

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.5 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 0.5 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.572C>A (p.Ala191Glu)

      ClinVar: 203854

      CAID: CA312777

      gnomAD: 0.00006976 (European non-FInnish)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.682C>T (p.Arg228Ter)

      ClinVar: 203855

      CAID: CA312778

      gnomAD: 0.0002615 (Latino)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 type, heterozygous mutation, unknown cis or trans

    10. 10

      Case10: 6 days (at biopsy), Northern European/Filipino

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.8 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 1.2 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.322C>T (p.Arg108Cys)

      ClinVar: 1887

      CAID: CA249732

      gnomAD: 0.0008393 (Latino)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.682C>T (p.Arg228Ter)

      ClinVar: 203855

      CAID: CA312778

      gnomAD: 0.0002615 (Latino)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 type, heterozygous mutations, unknown cis or trans.

    11. 9

      Case9: 46 days (at biopsy), Hispanic

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.8 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 1.2 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.322C>T (p.Arg108Cys)

      ClinVar: 1887

      CAID: CA249732

      gnomAD: 0.0008393 (Latino)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.654A>C (p.Gln218His)

      ClinVar: 551243

      CAID: CA364404273

      gnomAD: 0.000008809 (European non-Finnish)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 class, heterozygous mutations, unknown cis or trans.

    12. 8

      Case8: 12 days (at biopsy), White/Mexican

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.8 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 1.0 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.322C>T (p.Arg108Cys)

      ClinVar: 1887

      CAID: CA249732

      gnomAD: 0.0008393 (Latino)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.654A>C (p.Gln218His)

      ClinVar: 551243

      CAID: CA364404273

      gnomAD: 0.000008809 (European non-Finnish)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 class, heterozygous mutations, unknown cis or trans.

    13. 7

      Case7: 10 days (at biopsy), White

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.4 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 0.5 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.146_147ins279

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: n/a- could not register

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.372_374dupGA (p.Lys124_Asp125insGlu)

      ClinVar: 203861

      CAID: CA312788

      gnomAD: 0.000008799


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 class. heterozygous mutations. identified to be in trans through cDNA analysis. variant 1 is novel and consists of a 279 base pair insertion.

    14. 6

      Case6 2 mo (at biopsy), White

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 1.1 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 3.0 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.129G>A (p.Trp43Ter)

      ClinVar: 222908

      CAID: CA10575886

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.299A>G (p.Tyr100Cys)

      ClinVar: 218991

      CAID: CA347866

      gnomAD: 0.000008793 (European non-Finnish)


      CaseAddInfo: mut- class. heterozygous mutations. unknown cis or trans. variant 1 is novel.

    15. 5

      Case5: 1y 9 mo (at biopsy), Korean

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 0.7 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 0.7 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.91C>T (p.Arg31Ter)

      ClinVar: 92688

      CAID: CA249743

      gnomAD: 0.00008013 (African)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.349G>T (p.Glu117Ter)

      ClinVar: 1882

      CAID: CA115264

      gnomAD: n/a


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 class. heterozygous mutations. unknown cis or trans.

    16. 4

      Case4: 2 y (at biopsy), Black

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 2.1 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 3.1 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.91C>T (p.Arg31Ter)

      ClinVar: 92688

      CAID: CA249743

      gnomAD: 0.00008013 (African)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.323G>A (p.Arg108His)

      ClinVar: 100707

      CAID: CA235522

      gnomAD: 0.00006152 (African)


      CaseAddInfo: mut- class. heterozygous mutations. unknown cis or trans. Third variant in TCN2 gene (NM_000355.3:c.89T>G p.Leu30Arg, CAID: CA10184491, ClinVar: 529781, gnomAD: 0.01329 (African))

    17. 3

      Case3: 19y (at biopsy), Irish/Scottish/Polish

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 1.2 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 1.2 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.29dupT (p.Leu10PhefsTer39)

      ClinVar: 553287

      CAID: CA567155988

      gnomAD: 0.00003269 (South Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1658delT (p.Val553GlyfsTer17)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA450397348

      gnomAD: 0.000008808 (European non-Finnish)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 class. heterozygous mutations. variant 1 is novel. unknown cis or trans.

    18. 2

      Case2: 1 mo (at biopsy), Palestinian

      Case (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group. found 1.5 nmol/mg protein/18 h propionate incorporation, 1.5 nmol/mg/protein/18 h propionate incorporation with hydroxocobalamin supplementation

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.2T>C (p.Met1Thr)

      ClinVar: 222903

      CAID: CA10575890

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1630_1631delGGinsTA (p.Gly544Ter)

      ClinVar: 203860

      CAID: CA312786

      gnomAD: 0.0001088 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: mut0 class. heterozygous mutations- unknown cis or trans. 3rd mutation in CD320 gene (NM_016579.3:c.658G>A p.Gly220Arg, ClinVar: 136684, CAID: CA289989, gnomAD: 0.3086 (African) )

    1. Individual 2

      Case2: Female

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000252, HP:0001270, HP:0000750, HP:0001252 (Microcephaly, Motor delay, Delayed speech and language development, Muscular hypotonia)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0000407 (Sensorineural hearing impairment)

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Parents are non-consanguineous, Compound heterozyosity was confirmed in trans via parental testing

      CasePreviousTesting: At 2 yrs levels were at 2-oxoadipate, 520–970 mmol/mol creatinine; 2-hydroxyadipate, 100–150 mmol/mol creatinine; 2-aminoadipate, elevated; Moderate protein restriction did not influence disease course; IQ of 87

      CaseGenotypingMethod: After confirmation of the DHTKD1 mutations in Individual 1, Sanger sequencing confirmed compound heterozygous mutations in the same gene here.

      Variant1: NM_018706.7(DHTKD1):c.1228C>T (p.Arg410Ter)

      ClinVar: 39565 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/39565/

      gnomAD: 0.00005437, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/10-12136140-C-T

      Variant2: NM_018706.5(DHTKD1):c.2185G>A (p.Gly729Arg)

      ClinVar: 39564 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/39564/

      gnomAD: 0.002748, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/10-12154929-G-A

    1. Case presentation

      Case#: 64 year old (report), female

      CaseHPOsFreeText: At age 52 years, sudden difficulty with swallowing and speech, ophthalmoparesis with a vertical and horizontal eye movement disorder, dysesthesia of the hands with a quality of “pins and needles” and a glove-like distribution, as well as generalized areflexia. Diagnosed with Miller Fisher syndrome. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins led to remission of symptoms. Abdominal pain since childhood. At 63 years of age, she had generalized epileptic seizures with prolonged postictal confusion, persisting diarrhea, abdominal pain, renal failure, repeat episodes of lactic acidosis. Ventilated for >8 weeks due to massive metabolic acidosis and respiratory failure during seizure; tracheotomy, PEG. VitB6 supplement. Rehabilitation, and recovered after several months.

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: Muscle strength was normal. Abdominal computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gastroscopy were normal. No signs of infection in CSF. CT and MRI of the brain as well as abdominal- and thorax-CT were normal initially then fat embolies in brain, pulmonary embolism, vertebral fractures. EMG was normal. No signs of malnutrition or liver disease (which can cause hyperprolinemia).

      CasePreviousTesting: No evidence of porphyria on “laboratory tests”, or diseases of copper metabolism, lead poisoning, or adrenoleukodystrophy. Muscle biopsy showed nonspecific atrophy, but no evidence of mitochondrial disease. Serum proline 3085 μmol/l (reference 90-342 μmol/l), urine proline 46,531 μmol/g Crea (reference < 100 μmol/g Crea), CSF proline 104 mg/dl (reference < 6 mg/dl), urine Hydroxyproline 1395 μmol/g Crea (reference <100). Vitamin-B6 was decreased at 3.3 μg/l (reference > 4.9 μg/l). “targeted genetic analyses by Sanger sequencing revealed no pathogenic variant within the PRODH-gene (hyperprolinemia type I)”

      CaseMethod1: PCR

      CaseMethod2: Sequencing

      CaseGenotypingMethod: “targeted genetic analyses by Sanger sequencing” for ALDH4A1 (no further details).

      Variant: Compound heterozygous, confirmed in trans (the patient’s son only has one of the variants) 1) NM_003748.3:c.62+1G>A, 2) NM_003748.3:c.349G>C (p.Asp117His)

      ClinVar: 1) N/A; 2) N/A

      CAID: 1) CA338769667; 2) CA338760898

      gnomAD: 1) Not in gnomAD; 2) Not in gnomAD

      VariantEvidence: No functional evidence for the missense change. Score: This patient is an adult with hyperprolinemia who is compound heterozygous for two variants in ALDH4A1, c.62+1G>A and c.349G>C (p.Asp117His). Neither variant is in gnomAD. Variants in PRODH have been ruled out.

    1. Case 3

      Case# Case 3, M, Chinese, 3day onset

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0008344, HP:0001954, HP:0005972, HP:0011968, HP:0008947

      CasePreviousTesting Tested blood aa levels with liquid chromatography-mass spectrum spectrometry, several branched chain amino acids were overly abundant. Whole exome targeted capture sequencing was applied for the mutation screening of the suspicious patients. A total of 712 genes associated with inherited metabolic diseases were selected and their coding regions were captured.

      CaseMethod1 Whole Exome

      CaseMethod2 Sanger

      CaseGenotypingMethod validated whole exome findings with sanger and qPCR.

      Variant NM_000056.3:c.659del(p.D229fs)

      CAID CA658820635

      CaseAddInfo Mother was not tested but WES was used in the patient and father

    1. P39

      Case39: Female, Chinese, 3.4y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: 1y onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case39 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1741C>T (p.Arg581Ter)

      ClinVar: 554675

      CAID: CA364395893

      gnomAD: n/a


      CaseAddInfo: one variant, not homozygous.

    2. P40

      Case40: Female, Chinese, 2.1y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: 8 mo onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case40 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1777G>T (p.Glu593Ter)

      ClinVar: 558328

      CAID: CA364395728

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.2179C>T (p.Arg727Ter)

      ClinVar: 218998

      CAID: CA347913

      gnomAD: 0.0001504 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: variant 1 is novel. heterozygous mutations in trans

    3. P38

      Case38: Male, Chinese, 1.5y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case38 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1741C>T (p.Arg581Ter)

      ClinVar: 554675

      CAID: CA364395893

      gnomAD: n/a


      CaseAddInfo: one variant, not homozygous.

    4. twin sisters P35 and P36

      FamilyLabel: Family 1

      Family1PresentingHPOs: HP:0001987, HP:0001942, HP:0003128, HP:0002912 (hyperammonemia, metabolic acidosis, lactic acidosis, methylmalonic acidemia)

      NotHPOsFreeText: normal plasma total homocysteine

      CountryOrigin: China

      Ethnicity: Chinese

      ProbandLabel: Case35, Case36

      Family1 (Level 2)


      FamilyPreviousTesting: tandem mass spectrometry for blood levels, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for urine, NBS

      FamilyMethod1: PCR

      FamilyGenotypingMethod: genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from patients and their parents. Exonic ad flanking intronic regions of the MUT gene were amplified through PCR. PCR products were sequenced directly using forward and reverse primers on ABI 3700 sequencer. Mutation analysis using MUT reference NM_000255.3. Nucleotide numbering reflects cDNA numbering (initiation codon= codon1). All detected mutations were confirmed in the patients' parents. Novel variants were screened in 100 alleles from 50 control children. Novel variants were considered pathogenic when predicted to be deleterious by two algorithms.

      FamilyAddInfo: counted in group annotation also. identical twins. mut- and mut0 mutation together may explain relatively good clinical condition.

    5. P37

      Case37: Female, Chinese, 5.8y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: 3y onset

      NotHPOsFreeText: normal cognitive and motor development without further episodes of metabolic decompensation, not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case37 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1677-1G>A (p.=)

      ClinVar: 550012

      CAID: CA3846767

      gnomAD: 0.0003511 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: one variant, not homozygous

    6. P36

      Case36: Female, Chinese, 9.3(end of study)

      NotHPOsFreeText: asymptomatic, no onset

      Case36 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: NBS

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1630_1631delGGinsTA (p.Gly544Ter)

      ClinVar: 203860

      CAID: CA312786

      gnomAD: 0.0001088 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1943G>A (p.Gly648Asp)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA3846709

      gnomAD: 0.0001087 (East Asian)

      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans, but no symptoms. identical twin to Case35/P35.

    7. P35

      Case35: Female, Chinese, 9.3y (end of study)

      NotHPOsFreeText: asymptomatic, no onset

      Case35 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: NBS

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1630_1631delGGinsTA (p.Gly544Ter)

      ClinVar: 203860

      CAID: CA312786

      gnomAD: 0.0001088 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1943G>A (p.Gly648Asp)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA3846709

      gnomAD: 0.0001087 (East Asian)

      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans, but no symptoms. identical twin to Case36/P36.

    8. P34

      Case34: Male, Chinese, 5.5y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: 2 mo onset, poor neurologic outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case34 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1630_1631delGGinsTA (p.Gly544Ter)

      ClinVar: 203860

      CAID: CA312786

      gnomAD: 0.0001088 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1880A>G (p.His627Arg)

      ClinVar: 551830

      CAID: CA3846719

      gnomAD: 0.00002639 (European non-Finnish)

      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans

    9. P33

      Case33: Male, Chinese, 1.8y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: Neonatal development

      NotHPOsFreeText: normal cognitive and motor development without further episodes of metabolic decompensation, not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case33 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1280G>A (p.

      ClinVar: 218990

      CAID: CA347873

      gnomAD: 0.0004011 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: one variant, not homozygous

    10. P31

      Case31: Male, Chinese, 3.7y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case31 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1106G>A (p.Arg369His)

      ClinVar: 203846

      CAID: CA312764

      gnomAD: 0.0001504 (East Asian)

      CaseAddInfo: one variant, not homozygous.

    11. P30

      Case30: Male, Chinese, 1 mo (age at death)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case30 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.925T>G (p.Trp309Gly)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA364401026

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1630_1631delGGinsTA (p.Gly544Ter)

      ClinVar: 203860

      CAID: CA312786

      gnomAD: 0.0001088 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans, died at 1 mo

    12. P32

      Case32: Male, Chinese, 1.8y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case32 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.1280G>A (p.

      ClinVar: 218990

      CAID: CA347873

      gnomAD: 0.0004011 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1677-1G>A (p.=)

      ClinVar: 550012

      CAID: CA3846767

      gnomAD: 0.0003511 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans

    13. P29

      Case29: Male, Chinese, 3.2 y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case29 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: NBS

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.755dupA (p.His252GlinfsTer6)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA3847037

      gnomAD: 0.0001090 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1741C>T (p.Arg581Ter)

      ClinVar: 554675

      CAID: CA364395893

      gnomAD: n/a


      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans

    14. P28

      Case28: Male, Chinese, 6.8y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case28 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.754-1G>A (p.=)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA364402849

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1061C>T (p.Ser354Phe)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA364400211

      gnomAD: n/a


      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans.

    15. P27

      Case27: Male, Chinese, 1.8y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case27 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.729_730insTT (p.Asp244LeufsTer?)

      ClinVar: 552079

      CAID: CA3847064

      gnomAD: 0.0002008 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: one variant, not homozygous.

    16. P26

      Case26: Female, Chinese, 6.6y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: responsive to vitamin B12

      NotHPOSFreeText: asymptomatic, no onset

      Case26 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: NBS

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.729_730insTT (p.Asp244LeufsTer?)

      ClinVar: 552079

      CAID: CA3847064

      gnomAD: 0.0002008 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: one variant, not homozygous. asymptomatic.

    17. P25

      Case25: Male, Chinese, 3 mo (age at death)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case25 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: NBS

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.729_730insTT (p.Asp244LeufsTer?)

      ClinVar: 552079

      CAID: CA3847064

      gnomAD: 0.0002008 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1630_1631delGGinsTA (p.Gly544Ter)

      ClinVar: 203860

      CAID: CA312786

      gnomAD: 0.0001088 (East Asian)

      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans. died at 3 mo.

    18. P24

      Case24: Male, Chinese, 6.5y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case24 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.729_730insTT (p.Asp244LeufsTer?)

      ClinVar: 552079

      CAID: CA3847064

      gnomAD: 0.0002008 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1540C>A (p.Gln514Lys)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA364397122

      gnomAD: n/a

      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans. Variant 2 is novel

    19. P23

      Case23: Female, Chinese, 3y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: 1.8y onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case23 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.729_730insTT (p.Asp244LeufsTer?)

      ClinVar: 552079

      CAID: CA3847064

      gnomAD: 0.0002008 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1295A>C (p.Glu432Ala)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA364398703

      gnomAD: n/a

      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans

    20. P22

      Case22: Female, Chinese, 1.3y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: 11 mo onset, poor neurological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case22 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.729_730insTT (p.Asp244LeufsTer?)

      ClinVar: 552079

      CAID: CA3847064

      gnomAD: 0.0002008 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1106G>A (p.Arg369His)

      ClinVar: 203846

      CAID: CA312764

      gnomAD: 0.0001504 (East Asian)

      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans

    21. P21

      Case21: Male, Chinese, 9 mo (age at death)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case21 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.729_730insTT (p.Asp244LeufsTer?)

      ClinVar: 552079

      CAID: CA3847064

      gnomAD: 0.0002008 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1106G>A (p.Arg369His)

      ClinVar: 203846

      CAID: CA312764

      gnomAD: 0.0001504 (East Asian)

      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans, died at 9 mo

    22. P20

      Case20: Female, Chinese, 1 y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: neonatal onset, poor neruological outcome

      NotHPOsFreeText: not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case20 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.729_730insTT (p.Asp244LeufsTer?)

      ClinVar: 552079

      CAID: CA3847064

      gnomAD: 0.0002008 (East Asian)


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.1105C>T (p.Arg369Cys)

      ClinVar: 218989

      CAID: CA347895

      gnomAD: 0.00006536 (South Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans

    23. P19

      Case19: Female, Chinese, 2.4 y (end of study)

      HPOsFreeText: 1.8 y onset

      NotHPOsFreeText: normal cognitive and motor development without further episodes of metabolic decompensation, not responsive to vitamin B12

      Case19 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_000255.3:c.655A>G (p.Asn219Asp)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA364404270

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_000255.3:c.729_730insTT (p.Asp244LeufsTer?)

      ClinVar: 552079

      CAID: CA3847064

      gnomAD: 0.0002008 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: heterozygous mutations in trans

    1. Results Mutant G

      NonPatientCell: EFO:0002529 (INS-1), EFO:0000856 (islet of Langerhans), CL:0000182 (Hepatocyte)

      GeneFunction: GO:0004353 (glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity)

      GeneAlteration: Recombinant adenoviruses encoding WT human GLUD1 and the S498L variant were generated via an expression system, with the human GLUD1 gene being amplified and sub-cloned into a plasmid with a promoter. Digestion using EcoRV was used to discriminate between the wild-type and the mutant with sequencing verifying each step of the cloning. This adenovirus was amplified in HEK-293 cells and INS-1E β-cells were transduced with it. Mouse and human hepatocytes were isolated and seeded before being transduced with the same adenoviruses. The transfection efficency was confirmed via immunoblotting.

      FunctionalEvidence: The enzymatic activity was evaluated in both wild-type and mutant mice, with both showing very low activity without glutamate concentrations and the mutant showing higher activity when glutamate was increased. The reductive direction using α-ketoglutarate as substrate was also tested with similar increased results for the mutant. Sensitivity of both lines to the reaction activator (ADP) and inhibitor (GTP) levels were tested, showing that the mutant was more sensitive to the ADP activator and slightly reduced for the GTP inhibitor (particularly in the presence of ADP). Mitochondiral function in wid-type and mutant cells was assessed, demonstrating that glucose response from mutant and WT cells was preserved but that glutamine stimulation abnormally generates ATP in mutant cells.Calcium stimulation was also activated by both glutamine and glucose in mutant cells while only being affected by glucose in WT. Studies in mutant and WT-transfected mouse and human islets showed increased insulin and ammonia production in mutants from stimulation through this responsive glutamine sensitivity. All of this supports GLUD1's pathogenic mechanism, specifically causing a hyperctive mutant protein that responds to glutamine levels rather than simply glucose.

      FAVariants: NM_005271.5(GLUD1):c.1493C>T (p.Ser498Leu)

      ClinVar: 16122, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/16122/

    1. II. 1

      CaseBII-1: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      HPOsFreeText: Pretreatment phenylalanine level at 890 umol/L

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Proband for Family B

      Variant1: NM_000277.3(PAH):c.1222C>T (p.Arg408Trp)

      ClinVar: 577 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/577/

      gnomAD: 0.001766, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/12-102840493-G-A?dataset=gnomad_r3

      Variant2: NM_000277.3(PAH):c.1241A>G (p.Tyr414Cys)

      ClinVar: 593 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/593/

      gnomAD: 0.0005264, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/12-102840474-T-C?dataset=gnomad_r3

    2. II.2

      CaseEII-2: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      HPOsFreeText: Pretreatment phenylalanine level at 320 umol/L

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: N/A

      Variant1: NM_000277.3(PAH):c.1222C>T (p.Arg408Trp)

      ClinVar: 577 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/577/

      gnomAD: 0.001766, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/12-102840493-G-A?dataset=gnomad_r3

      Variant2: NM_000277.3(PAH):c.533A>G (p.Glu178Gly)

      ClinVar: 92746 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92746/

      gnomAD: 0.0001473, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/12-103249087-T-C

    1. 12258M19866 years726<0.5Intermediate?S97fs

      Case# Patient 12, Male, Turkish, 6yo diagnosis

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0004923

      CasePreviousTesting screened for BH4 deficiency using dried blood and urine spots, Final di-agnosis was made by measurements of neurotransmitter and pterinmetabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine, in addition toDHPR enzyme activity, which was assessed in whole red bloodcells

      CaseMethod1 PCR

      CaseMethod2 DGGE

      Variant NM_000320.2:c.371delC(p.S97fs)

      CAID CA658795310

      VariantEvidence frameshift

    1. 11

      Patient11: Group 2

      CasePresentingHPOs: same as group 2

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group 2

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group 2

      Variant1: NM_002225.3(IVD):c.941C>T (p.Ala314Val) listed in paper as c.932C>T (p.Ala282Val)

      ClinVar: 100060, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/100060/

      gnomAD: 0.0006507, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/15-40707653-C-T

      Variant2: NM_001354598.2:c.868G>A

      CAID: CA391720951, http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA391720951

      gnomAD: n/a

    1. Family 8

      CaseFZ8: Male, United States, 3 yrs report

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001511, HP:0008897, HP:0001999, HP:0000973, HP:0100678, HP:0000963, HP:0010648, HP:0001388, HP:0001374, HP:0001181, HP:0000938, HP:0000270, HP:0025356, HP:0001252, HP:0000518, HP:0000325, HP:0011220, HP:0000337, HP:0000411, HP:0000369, HP:0100790, HP:0005116, HP:0000717, HP:0008872, HP:0000486, HP:0500163, HP:0003572, HP:0500139 (Intrauterine growth retardation, Postnatal growth retardation, Abnormal facial shape, Cutis laxa, Premature skin wrinkling, Thin skin, Dermal translucency, Joint laxity, Congenital hip dislocation, Adducted thumb, Osteopenia, Delayed cranial suture closure, Psychomotor retardation, Muscular hypotonia, Cataract, Triangular face, Prominent forehead, Broad forehead, Protruding ear, Low-set ears, Hernias, Arterial tortuosity, Autism, Feeding difficulties in infancy, Strabismus, Hypoornithinemia, Low plasma citrulline, Hypoprolinemia)

      HPOsFreeText: Typical facial gestalt

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002645, HP:0012443, HP:0001762, HP:0002650, HP:0000252, HP:0001348 (Wormian bones, Abnormality of brain morphology, Talipes equinovarus, Scoliosis, Microcephaly, Brisk reflexes)

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Variant is confirmed de novo in this case with one other confirmed and one non-confirmed case with the same variant and similar presentation, No family history

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      CaseGenotypingMethod: ALDH18A1 and PYRC1 were investigated by Sanger sequencing, with the latter revealing no abnormalities and the former showing a heterozygous change at the Arg138 residue.Investigation revealed no further variants in the coding regions. Familial sequencing revealed the inheritance was de novo with no variants in the parents.

      Variant: NM_002860.4(ALDH18A1):c.413G>A (p.Arg138Gln)

      ClinVar: 217260 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/217260/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD

    1. Patient K.A. (BIODEF 264)

      Case: K.A./ BIODEF 264, male, Caucasian, 1 day

      CasePresentingHPOs:  HP:0008297, HP:0040206, HP:0040210, HP:0001252

      HPOText: Plasma Phe level of 290umol/L at 3 days old, 853 umol/L at 6 days old, and 1997 umol/L at 13 days old. Urinary pterins indicated high neopterin/biopterin ratio and increased levels of primapterin. At 1 month old, neopterin and biopterin levels in normal range. At one month old showed mild hypotonia (extermities and trunk), but at 2.5 years Phe diet stopped and patient developed normally.

      CasePreviousTesting: n/a

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Direct nucleotide-sequence determination of PCR products from blood samples was performed for the coding exons (2-4) of PCBD1.

      Variant: NM_000281.3(PCBD1):c.292C>T (p.Gln98Ter)

      ClinVar ID: 16799

      No-stars, 1 submission from OMIM.

      Homozygous, non-LOF.

      gnomAD: MAF (Euro-NF)= 2.2291E-4 (29/126606) hets only. No homozygotes recorded

      http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/10-72643730-G-A

      AddCaseInfo: The only individual in the family diagnosed with HyperPhe.

      VariantEvidence: The mutant Q97X protein was expressed in E.Coli to determine the solubility of the mutant enzyme and the activity. The mQ97X fragment was mostly found in the insoluble fraction of the supernatant. The remaining fraction obtained in the soluble fraction did retain some activity in vitro. Interestingly, when more Q97X was obtained in the soluble fraction (by growing the E.coli at 20 degrees C), the Km (Michaelis constant) was 2-3 times higher than wildtype (text only, no figures to compare).

      Patient part of the BIODEF database: PMID:8830181

    2. Patient I.B. (BIODEF 273)

      Case: I.B./ BIODEF 273, male, Ashkenazi Jewish, 3 days

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0040210, HP:0008297,

      HPOText: Plasma Phe levels were 240 umol/L at 3 days old, and 1845 umol/L at 14 days old. A low-Phe diet caused a rapid decline of Phe level to normal within 36 hours. An oral BH4–loading test (10 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a decrease of plasma Phe from 540 μmol/liter to 234 μmol/liter and then to 196 μmol/liter within 4 and 8 h, respectively. At 1 month, pterin and neurotransmitter in the CSF were normal. Starting a 2 month of age the patient was administered a low Phe diet and BH4 for 4 months. After the 4 months, the BH4 was discontinued, and Phe levels are between 120-300 umol/L at 5 years. Patient is developing normally.

      CaseNOTHPOs: n/a

      CasePreviousTesting: n/a

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Direct nucleotide-sequence determination of PCR products from blood samples was performed for the coding exons (2-4) of PCBD1.

      Variant: NM_000281.3(PCBD1):c.259G>T (p.Glu87Ter) 

      ClinVar ID: 16795

      No star, one submission for OMIM

      Homozygous

      gnomAD: MAF (Ashkenazi Jewish)= 1.183E-3 (12/10146) in heterozygous only. No homozygous reported.

      http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/10-72643763-C-A

      AddCaseInfo: The proband's older sister (J.B., 18 . months older) has the same genotype (homozygous for the T79I mutation), but was never noted as having HyperPhe, and was never treated. She has developed "normally." This family is recorded as Family B in the paper.

      VariantEvidence: The mutant E86X/E87X protein was expressed in E.Coli to determine the solubility of the mutant enzyme and the activity. The mutant E86X/E87X fragment was mostly found in the insoluble fraction of the supernatant. The remaining fraction obtained in the soluble fraction did retain some enzyme activity in vitro. Interestingly, when more E86X/E87X was obtained in the soluble fraction (by growing the E.coli at 20 degrees C), the Km (Michaelis constant) was similar to wildtype levels (text only, no figures to compare).

      Patient part of the BIODEF database: PMID:8830181

    1. Biallelic

      Case#: Patient 10, male, 5.9 years (report)

      CaseHPOs: HP:0003235 (hypermethioninemia)

      CaseHPOsFreeText: Identified by newborn screening

      CaseNotHPOsTest: Normal neurologic and/or muscular status, IQ 111

      CasePreviousTesting: Plasma methionine 484-742; transamination products in plasma 5.01-6.21 uM (normal 0.2-0.54) and in urine 45.2-75.6 mmol/mol creatinine (normal 1.2-4.6), urine dimethylsuphide 10 nM (normal – trace-2 nM).

      Variant: p.Arg199Cys (homozygous)

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAID: CA5576749

      gnomAD: The highest population minor allele frequency in gnomAD is 0.0001735 (Latino); no homozygotes in any population.

      VariantEvidence: When the variant was expressed in bacteria, the amount of MAT1A protein was reduced on Western blot, and MAT1A activity was 11% of normal.

      CasePMIDs: 7573050

      Points: 1 point. This individual is homozygous for a missense change, p.Arg199Cys, in MAT1A. When the variant was expressed in bacteria, the amount of MAT1A protein was reduced on Western blot, and MAT1A activity was 11% of normal. The highest population minor allele frequency in gnomAD is 0.0001735 (Latino); no homozygotes in any population.

    1. c.1A > T

      Case# PB1, Saudi Arabia

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0000707, HP:0003011, HP:0025031, HP:0001939, HP:0002715

      CasePreviousTesting Blood spot newborn screen/presented symptoms in Hospital

      CaseMethod1 PCR

      CaseGenotypingMethod PCR of coding exons of BCKDHA (9 exons), BCKDHB (11 exons) DBT (11 exons) and DLD (14 exons).

      Variant NM_000056.3:c.1A>T

      CAID CA364657845

      gnomAD 0.00003656 (European (Non-Finnish)), 0.00001346 (Overall)

      VariantEvidence none

      CaseAddInfo consanguineous family

    1. Clinical data

      Case#: Guo 2015 Proband, M, 18 months (onset), Chinese

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002329, HP:0011968, HP:0002317, HP:0012088, HP:0001946

      Onset of symptoms upon episode of fever. Slightly reduced muscle tension. Second episode 2 months later and plasma amino acid analysis was performed: 431.67 umol/L leucine (normal 4.2-367), 167.13 umol/L isoleucine (normal 26.9-146), 47.81 umol/L valine (normal 117.6-495.7), 44.88 umol/L alloisoleucine (normal 0-7.7).

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002373, HP:0002013, HP:0002361

      CaseGenotyping Method: BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, and DLD were screened for mutations using second generation sequencing. Direct sequencing was performed on the parents to confirm variants.

      Variant: 1. NM_000056.3:c.767A>G (p.Y256C); 2. NM_000056.3:c.768C>G (p.Y256X)

      CAID: 1. CA364659935; 2. CA142287564

      gnomAD: 1. 4.069e-6 overall

    1. 2DBT

      Case#: Patient 2, Lebanon, Arab

      CasePresentingHPOs: Intermediate form of MSUD

      CasePreviousTesting: Previously diagnosed with MSUD by GC/MS/MS.

      CaseMethod1: PCR

      CaseMethod2: Sequencing

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Genomic DNA extracted, sequencing of BCKDHA, BCKDHB and DBT.

      Variant: NM_001918.3:c.224G>A (homozygous)

      CAID: CA341345382

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD

      VariantEvidence: Mutation is present in lipoyl-binding domain, likely preventing binding of the lipoyl co-factor. Possibly results in a defect in the lipoyl-binding function (Alamut software analysis).

      CaseAddInfo: Same variant reported in patient 1 from the same geographical location, but unrelated according to the authors.

    1. 54

      Case54 Male, 7.3yo report, Ethnicity: Turkish

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0003571, HP:0008872, HP:0002013, HP:0008947, HP:0002789, HP:0002045

      (propionicacidemia, feeding difficulties in infancy, vomiting, infantile hypotonia, tachypnea, hypothermia)

      HPOsFreeText feeding difficulties, vomiting, hypotonia, tachypnea, hypothermia(3do). 55 IQ on Culture Free Test

      CaseNotHPOs n/a

      CasePreviousTesting Diagnosis by selective metabolic screen. Patient fibroblasts had 1.5% PCC activity of control

      Variant NM_000532.4(PCCB):c.990dupT (p.Glu331Terfs), homozygous

      ClinVar 167423

      gnomAD MAF= 0.001001(African), no homozygotes

      CaseAddInfo parental consanguinity

      CasePMIDs n/a

    1. Malaysian Family 2

      FamilyBJG_F2: Malaysia

      FamilyPresentingHPOs: N/A

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      FamilyNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      FamilyGenotypingMethod: See Group

      FamilyPreviousTesting: See Group

      FamilyAddInfo: Proband is confirmed homozygous for this variant

      Variant: NM_006721.4(ADK):c.89G>A (p.Gly30Glu)

      ClinVar: 29605, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/29605/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD

      Affected: 2

      Unaffected: 0

      Segregations: 1

      AddSegregationInfo: Not enough info

    1. Bidirectional sequencing on 3500 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) was done, and mutations in both the genes were analyzed by blasting them against the reference genomic sequences of PCCA (NM_000282.3) and PCCB (NM_000532.4).

      Method 1: Sanger

      GenotypingMethod: Coding regions as well as exon–intron boundaries PCCA and PCCB amplified by PCR then analyzed with bidirectional sequencing. Variants were blasted against references genomes PCCA (NM_000282.3) and PCCB (NM_000532.4).

    2. F-15

      CaseF-15 female, 1yo onset, Ethnicity: North Indian, Hindu

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0006846, HP:0001254, HP:0011968, HP:0002098, HP:0002013, HP:0001942, HP:0001943, HP:0003571

      (Acute encephalopathy, Lethargy, Poor feeding, Respiratory distress, Vomiting, Metabolic acidosis, Hypoglycemia, Propionicacidemia)

      HPOsFreeText Ketones present, acycarnitines 6.2(normal <3.6nmol/mL), died after acute crisis(1yo)

      CaseNotHPOs n/a

      CasePreviousTesting Also screened for variants in PCCA

      Variant NM_000532.4(PCCB):c.493C>T (p.Arg165Trp)

      ClinVar 217894

      gnomAD MAF= 0.00001456(European(non-Finnish), no homozygotes

      CaseAddInfo nonconsanguineous, no abnormality in family history noted

      CasePMIDs n/a

    1. Table 1:

      Case6: Female, 16 days at initiation of follow up, European ancestry

      HPOsFreeText: NBS C4-acylcarnitine 2.0 umol/L, Plasma C4-acylcarnitine 1.36 umol/L, in vitro probe isoC4-acylcarnitine 0.160 umol/g protein, in vitro probe C4-acylcarnitine 0.150 umol/g protein, urine c4 acylcarnitine 19.13 mmol/mol creatinine, urine C4/C3 ratio 101

      CaseNotHPOs: normal urine isobutyryglycine

      CaseAddInfo: no data for clinical condition or SCAD gene variants

      Case6 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_014384.2(ACAD8):c.958G>A (p.Ala320Thr)

      ClinVar: 372297

      CAID: CA6373180

      gnomAD: 0.001725 (European Finnish)


      Variant2: NM_014384.2(ACAD8):c.1129G>A (p.Gly377Ser)

      ClinVar: 5356

      CAID: CA117435

      gnomAD: 0.0001551 (European non-Finnish)


      CaseAddInfo: compound heterozygote, specified allele 1 and 2 but not maternal and paternal. no potential splice site alteration

    2. younger brother

      Case7a: Male, 7 days at initiation of follow up, Hispanic ancestry

      HPOsFreeText: NBS C4-acylcarnitine 2.2 umol/L, plasma C4-acylcarnitine 2.09 umol/L, in vitro probe isoC4-acylcarnitine 0.070 umol/g protein, urine C4-acylcarnitine 3.58 mmol/mol creatinine, Urine C4/C3 ratio 130.

      CaseNotHPOs: normal in vitro probe C4-acylcarnitine, normal urine isobutyrylglycine,

      CaseAddInfo: younger brother of patient 7b, part of Family2, unremarkable clinical condition

      Case7a (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_014384.2:c.687T>G (p.Phe229Leu)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA6373030

      gnomAD: 0.00008673 (Latino)


      Variant2: NM_014384.2(ACAD8):c.1129G>A (p.Gly377Ser)

      ClinVar: 5356

      CAID: CA117435

      gnomAD: 0.0001551 (European non-Finnish)


      CaseAddInfo: no potential splice site alteration, no data for SCAD gene variants

    1. Patient 5

      Case5: Male, 16 yrs report

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0012072, HP:0010864, HP:0000734 (Aciduria, Severe intellectual disability, Disinhibition)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo:

      CasePreviousTesting: Patient fibroblasts were analyzed for mutations in SLC25A21 and activities of KATII with no abnormalities; Metabolic work-up at 17 years of age revealed strongly elevated AAA (549 mmol/mol creatinine; ref <14) and KAA

      CaseGenotypingMethod: All 17 exons and flanking intronic sequences of DHTKD1 were Sanger sequenced.

      Variant1: NM_018706.6:c.2185G>A (p.Arg455Gln)

      CAID: CA5407838 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_canonicalid?canonicalid=CA5407838

      gnomAD: 0.0002538, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/10-12139688-G-A

      Variant2: NM_018706.6:c.2329T>C (p.Ser777Pro)

      CAID: CA376014875 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_canonicalid?canonicalid=CA376014875

      gnomAD: 0.000008948, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/10-12159681-T-C

    1. 4

      Case4 Female, 9yo report, USA, Lumbee

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0003150, HP:0011471, HP:0002540, HP:0001344, HP:0100309, HP:0012751, HP:0200147, HP:0100952

      (Glutaricaciduria, Gastronomy tube feeding in infancy, Non-ambulatory, Nonverbal, Subdural haematoma, Abnormal basal ganglia MRI signal intensity, Neuronal loss in basal ganglia, Enlarged sylvian fissure)

      HPOsFreeText Urine glutaric acid was highly elevated and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid was elevated. Patient presented with acute metabolic decompensation at 6mo. After decompensation, brain MRI found subdural hematomas, atrophied temporal lobes with widened Sylvian fissures, and elevated signal intensity in basal ganglia. Follow-up report studies noted volume loss in basal ganglia. Patient was diet restricted in lysine and tryptophan with per individual adjustments to maintain normal plasma amino acid levels. Treatment also included supplemental carnitine and riboflavin.

      CaseNotHPOs n/a

      NotHPOsFreeText n/a

      CasePreviousTesting n/a

      CaseMethod1 PCR

      CaseMethod2 Sanger

      CaseGenotypingMethod PCR and sanger sequencing was performed on exon 10 of the GCDH gene.

      Variant NM_000159.3(GCDH):c.1240G>A (p.Glu414Lys), homozygous

      ClinVar 167133

      gnomAD MAF=0.0002017(African), no homozygotes

      CaseAddInfo nonconsanguineous

      CasePMIDs n/a

    1. Italian family

      FamilyPA2: Italy

      FamilyPresentingHPOs: HP:0000519, HP:0002020, HP:0002572, HP:0002313, HP:0003693, HP:0002036, HP:0001761, HP:0003487, HP:0009830, HP:0001288, HP:0001348 (Developmental cataract, Gastroesophageal reflux, Episodic vomiting, Spastic paraparesis, Distal amyotrophy, Hiatus hernia, Pes cavus, Babinski sign, Peripheral neuropathy, Gait disturbance, Brisk reflexes)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      FamilyNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      FamilyGenotypingMethod: ALDH18A1 was directly sequenced upon investigation for a causal role in SPG9, due to being within the linked region 10q23.3-q24.2, not having been discarded as a candidate gene, and mutations having been known to cause cutis laxa. Previous haplotype analysis also confirmed the linkage to this specific genomic region. This revealed one mutation in each pedigree that strictly co-segregated with the disease. Exome NGS sequencing within the interval showed only two variants were unknown in ExAC with the MYOF substitution unlikely to be disease causing due to poor conservation.

      FamilyPreviousTesting: N/A

      FamilyAddInfo: Family shows autosomal dominant segregation and haplotyping, Proband is PA2:III-21

      FamilyPMIDs: 9973297

      Variant: NM_002860.4(ALDH18A1):c.755G>A (p.Arg252Gln)

      ClinVar: 217117 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/217117/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD

      Affected: 11

      Unaffected: 15

      Segregations: 17

      pLOD: 4.83

      AddSegregationInfo: Candidate gene sequencing

    1. AHN3.4

      CaseAHN3.4: Australia, White

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0008353 (Neutral hyperaminoaciduria)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Variants segregate with the disease

      CasePMIDs: 15286788

      CasePreviousTesting: Hartnup aminoaciduria profile was confirmed by ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography

      CaseGenotypingMethod: All SLC6A19 exons and flanking introns were directly amplified and sequenced from genomic DNA.

      Variant1: NM_001003841.3:c.719G>A (p.Arg240Gln)

      CAID: CA3182844, http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA3182844

      gnomAD: 0.0001307, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/5-1213633-G-A

      Variant2: NM_001003841.3(SLC6A19):c.1701+1G>A

      ClinVar: 623442, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/623442/

      gnomAD: 0.00005286, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/5-1221429-G-A

    2. AHN5.1

      CaseAHN5.1: Australia, White

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0008353 (Neutral hyperaminoaciduria)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Variant 1 is in-trans with Variants 2 and 3, which are in cis; Variant segregates with the disease

      CasePMIDs: 17555458

      CasePreviousTesting: Hartnup aminoaciduria profile was confirmed by ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography;

      CaseGenotypingMethod: All SLC6A19 exons and flanking introns were directly amplified and sequenced from genomic DNA.

      Variant1: NM_001003841.3:c.196G>A (p.Gly66Arg)

      CAID: CA359061114 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA359061114

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD

      Variant2: NM_001003841.3(SLC6A19):c.517G>A (p.Asp173Asn)

      ClinVar: 2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2019/

      gnomAD: 0.003016, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/5-1212453-G-A

      Variant3: NM_001003841.3(SLC6A19):c.718C>T (p.Arg240Ter)

      ClinVar: 2020 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2020/

      gnomAD: 0.0001960, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/5-1213632-C-T

    3. AHN9.2

      CaseAHN9.2: Australia, White

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0008353 (Neutral hyperaminoaciduria)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Variants segregate with the disease

      CasePreviousTesting: Hartnup aminoaciduria profile was confirmed by ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography;

      CaseGenotypingMethod: All SLC6A19 exons and flanking introns were directly amplified and sequenced from genomic DNA.

      Variant1: NM_001003841.3(SLC6A19):c.517G>A (p.Asp173Asn)

      ClinVar: 2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2019/

      gnomAD: 0.003016, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/5-1212453-G-A

      Variant2: NM_001003841.3:c.1550A>G (p.Asp517Gly)

      CAID: CA3183226, http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA3183226

      gnomAD: 0.00004675, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/5-1221277-A-G

    1. Proband

      CaseF3P: 4 yrs report, India

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001010, HP:0000750, HP:0001249, HP:0006801, HP:0004923 (Hypopigmentation of the skin, Delayed speech and language development, Intellectual disability, Brisk deep tendon reflexes, Hyperphenylalaninemia)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Family is consanguinous, Parents were confirmed heterozygous, Variant may not undergo NMD however would be missing essential domains (but PAH level supports some residual function)

      CasePreviousTesting: Blood phenylalanine before treatment was 439 μmol/l, Blood tyrosine before treatment was 121 μmol/l, PKU diagnosis was based on ferric chloride test on patient urine samples and detection of elevated Phenylalanine levels in blood samples by using HPLC, in addition to analysis of clinical features.

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of proband and family members. PCR amplification and sequencing was used to screen for mutations. Each mutation was confirmed by bi-directional DNA sequencing.

      Variant: NM_000277.3:c.976del (p.Trp326Glyfs*15)

      CAID: CA16020912 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA16020912

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD

    1. AM7162

      CaseAM7162: Female, 6 yrs report

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001992, HP:0002179, HP:0010864, HP:0008936, HP:0002509, HP:0000750, HP:0011968, HP:0008872, HP:0100247, HP:0002373, HP:0001347, HP:0011449 (Organic aciduria, Opisthotonus, Severe Intellectual disability, Muscular hypotonia of the trunk, Limb hypertonia, Delayed speech and language development, Feeding difficulties, Feeding difficulties in infancy, Recurrent singultus, Febrile seizure, Hyperreflexia, Knee clonus)

      HPOsFreeText: Birth weight 2.86 kg, Cranial circumference is 49 cm (3rd percentile), weight 18.6 kg (25th percentile) and height 115 cm (50th percentile) at 6 yrs of age

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Parents are first cousin consanguineous; Proband is confirmed homozygous for this variant via a QFM‐PCR assay for the dosage of ACY1 exons 12 and 13; Variant leads to skipping of Exon 13 and a resulting frameshift with a premature termination

      CasePreviousTesting: Urinary organic acid analysis confirmed by enzyme assay showed elevated levels of N ‐acetylated derivatives of glutamic acid, leucine, valine and isoleucine; Several genetic investigations, such as karyotyping, ring 15 chromosome analysis and mutational analysis of MECP5 and STXBP1 genes, were performed and were found to be normal; MRI showed dilatation of the left temporal horn at the age of 13 months;

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Genomic DNA was isolated and the ACY1 gene was PCR-amplified and sequenced. PCR analysis of retrotranscribed RNA was performed to analyze the effect of this variant on splicing.

      Variant: NM_000666.3(ACY1):c.1001_1001+5del

      ClinVar: 162019, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/162019/

      gnomAD: 0.00001758, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-52022618-ATGTGAG-A

    1. one male

      CaseWA: Male, 2 yrs onset, Germany

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002013, HP:0012470, HP:0004372, HP:0002069, HP:0010819, HP:0007359, HP:0010845, HP:0002133, HP:0007979, HP:0000572, HP:0000577, HP:0000543, HP:0001263, HP:0001310, HP:0002075, HP:0002317, HP:0002188 (Vomiting, Setting-sun eye phenomenon, Lowered consciousness, Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure, Atonic seizure, Focal-onset seizure, EEG with generalised slow activity, Status epilepticus, Gaze-evoked horizontal nystagmus, Visual loss, Exotropia, Optic disc pallor, Global developmental delay, Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesis, Unsteady gait, Delayed CNS myelination)

      HPOsFreeText: Tonic flexion of the right limbs, The right hemisphere showed continuous spike and slow-spike waves with a temporo-occipital maximum

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010841 (Multifocal epileptiform discharges)

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Parents are nonconsanguineous, Proband is confirmed homozygous via parental testing

      CasePreviousTesting: EEG showed severe cerebral dysfunction of the right hemisphere (continuous subdelta and delta activity); Antiepileptic treatment with phenobarbital was initiated after the first seizure but was replaced by levetiracetam after the second seizure

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Exome sequencing was performed and potential variants prioritized. Identified variants were selected for Sanger sequencing in both the proband and parents.

      Variant: NM_004171.4:c.1421+1G>C

      CAID: CA380121375, http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA380121375

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD

    1. Biallelic

      Case#: Patient 1, female, 25 years (report), German

      CaseHPOs: HP:0003235 (hypermethioninemia)

      CaseHPOsFreeText: Identified by newborn screening.

      CaseNotHPOsFreeText: Hepatic, vascular or neurological symptoms have never been noted, and cranial MRI was normal at the age of 20 years

      CasePreviousTesting: Over a period of 25 years, methionine concentrations ranged from 850 to 1100 µmol/L (normal 20–40), and fasting total plasma homocysteine was 30–45 µmol/L (normal 5–15).

      CaseMethod1: PCR

      CaseMethod2: Sequencing

      CaseGenotypingMethod: All 9 exons and intron-exon junctions of MAT1A were amplified by PCR from genomic DNA. This was followed by SSCP analysis and sequence analysis of PCR products with abnormal mobility.

      Variant: c.65C>T (p.Ser22Leu) (homozygous)

      ClinVar: N/A

      CAID: CA377364910

      gnomAD: The highest population minor allele frequency in gnomAD is 0.00002891 (Latino)

      VariantEvidence: When expressed in E. Coli, the variant resulted in reduction of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) and tripolyphosphatase (PPPase) activities to <50% of wild type (Fernandez-Irigoyn et al, 2010, PMID 20675163; Fig 2).

      CaseAddInfo: Parents are reported to be unrelated

      Points: 0.5

    1. Theproband

      CaseC: Male, Childhood onset, Asian, China

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004923 (Hyperphenylalaninemia)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Parents are confirmed heterozyogus and proband is homozygous for this mutation

      CasePreviousTesting: "Classical Severe PKU" presence confirmed by Guthrie test and clinical criteria described in PMID:7006308, Plasma phenylalanine level in excess of 20 mg/dl, Homozygous for RFLP haplotype 4

      CaseGenotypingMethod: PCR amplification of PAH exon three plus the flanking intronic regions was performed. The genomic DNA was cloned and sequenced to confirm the presence of the mutation. Haplotype analysis confirmed linkage disequillibrium with RFLP haplotype 4.

      Variant: NM_000277.3(PAH):c.331C>T (p.Arg111Ter)

      ClinVar: 581 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/581/

      gnomAD: 0.0001230, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/12-103288534-G-A

    1. 3

      Case 3 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: PCR

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_015506.2(MMACHC):c.463_465delGGG

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: n/a

      gnomAD: n/a


      Variant2: NM_015506.2(MMACHC):c.609G>A

      ClinVar: 30800

      CAID: CA259906

      gnomAD: 0.0005562 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: proband genotype, unknown cis or trans, not any phenotypic info given, sibling (fetus) not a carrier

    2. 11

      Case 11(Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: PCR

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group __

      Variant1: NM_015506.2(MMACHC):c.609G > A (p.Trp203Ter)

      ClinVar: 30800

      CAID: CA259906

      gnomAD: 0.0005562 (East Asian)


      CaseAddInfo: proband genotype, homozygous, no phenotypic info, sibling (fetus) carrier for p.W203X variant

    3. 1

      Case 1 (Level 2)


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: PCR

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_015506.2(MMACHC):c.80A>G (p.Gln27Arg)

      ClinVar: 552467

      CAID: CA827620

      gnomAD: not in gnomAD


      Variant2: NM_015506.2(MMACHC):c.482G>A

      ClinVar: 1425

      CAID: CA223191

      gnomAD: 0.001132 (latino)


      CaseAddInfo: proband genotype, unknown cis or trans, not any phenotypic info given, sibling (fetus) carrier of p.Gln27Arg maternal mutation

    1. t

      CaseSE4: Male, Australia

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0008353 (Neutral hyperaminoaciduria)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Five loci were investigated for evidence of linkage to Hartnup due to their established role in amino acid transport including SLC3A2, SLC7A8, SLC1A5, SLC6A18, and SLC6A19. These 5 regions were studied with microsattelite markers and produced linkage only between D5S392 and D5S417, the region with SLC6A18 and 19. SLC6A18 did not increase neutral amino acid uptake in X. laevis oocytes so SLC6A19 was investigated and directly sequenced in the families each of which displayed a causal variant.

      CasePreviousTesting: SLC1A5 had no causative variants detected.

      CaseAddInfo: Asymptomatic except for hyperaminoaciduria

      Variant: NM_001003841.3(SLC6A19):c.517G>A (p.Asp173Asn)

      ClinVar: 2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2019/

      gnomAD: 0.003016, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/5-1212453-G-A?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

    2. M

      FamilySE1: Australia

      FamilyPresentingHPOs: HP:0008353 (Neutral hyperaminoaciduria)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      FamilyNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      FamilyGenotypingMethod: Five loci were investigated for evidence of linkage to Hartnup due to their established role in amino acid transport including SLC3A2, SLC7A8, SLC1A5, SLC6A18, and SLC6A19. These 5 regions were studied with microsattelite markers and produced linkage only between D5S392 and D5S417, the region with SLC6A18 and 19. SLC6A18 did not increase neutral amino acid uptake in X. laevis oocytes so SLC6A19 was investigated and directly sequenced in the families each of which displayed a causal variant.

      FamilyPreviousTesting: SLC1A5 had no causative variants detected.

      FamilyAddInfo: Family is asymptomatic except for hyperaminoaciduria

      Variant1: NM_001003841.3(SLC6A19):c.1173+2T>G

      ClinVar: 449553 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/449553/

      gnomAD: 0.00008019, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/5-1217062-T-C?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

      Variant2: NM_001003841.3:c.725T>C (p.Leu242Pro)

      CAID: CA3182847 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA3182847

      gnomAD: 0.0001307, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/5-1213639-T-C

      Affected: 3

      Unaffected: 3

      pLOD: 2.68 combined max LOD score for linkage between D5S392 and D5S417

      AddSegregationInfo: Pedigree in SuppFig1A, Candidate gene sequencing

    1. 2927 (F)

      Case2927: Female, 2 years diagnosis, Czech

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001270, HP:0001263, HP:0003153, HP:0012443, HP:0000486, HP:0012795, HP:0000639, HP:0000545, HP:0000646, HP:0002280, HP:0030890, HP:0000488, HP:0001744 (Motor delay, Global developmental delay, Cystathioninuria, Abnormality of brain morphology, Strabismus, Abnormality of the optic disc, Nystagmus, Myopia, Amblyopia, Enlarged cisterna magna, White matter hyperintensity, Retinopathy, Splenomegaly)

      HPOsFreeText: Normal total homocysteine (7.1 μM/l; reference 5.1–13.9), Elevated cystathionine (6 μM/l; reference 0.04–0.34), Normal total cysteine (306 μmol/l; reference 203–369), Birth weight was 2400 g, Responsive to B6 treatment

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002240, HP:0001977 (Hepatomegaly, Abnormal thrombosis)

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Patient is homozygous for this mutation

      CasePreviousTesting: Cystathionine (Cysta), total cysteine (tCys), and total homocysteine (tHcy) panels

      CaseGenotypingMethod: PCR amplification of CTH coding regions and exon-intron boundaries was performed. These fragments were sequenced and aligned with a reference to find mutations. Those found were confirmed by restriction digest of 100 controls.

      Variant: NM_001902.5:c.200C>T (p.Thr67Ile)

      ClinVar: 2939 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2939/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 9.934e-3, Overall 6.308e-3 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/1-70881670-C-T

    1. AC013 II-1

      CaseAC013_II-1: Female, 7 yrs report, Turkey

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001992, HP:0001249, HP:0004322, HP:0001513, HP:0030838 (Organic aciduria, Intellectual disability, Short stature, Obesity, Hip pain)

      HPOsFreeText: BMI 93rd percentile

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Parents are consanguineous, Proband is asserted homozygous for this variant

      CasePreviousTesting: Identified by the assessment of urinary organic acids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Accumulation of N-acetylated amino acids was much less pronounced than in previously reported patients; Metabolic studies were initiated after the patient complained of pain in her left hip

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Genomic DNA was extracted either from peripheral blood or EBV-transformed lymphocytes. PCR-amplification and bidirectional sequencing of all exons and exon-intron boundaries of ACY1 was performed.

      Variant: NM_000666.3(ACY1):c.1133G>A (p.Arg378Gln)

      ClinVar: 809490, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/809490/

      gnomAD: 0.003104, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-52022997-G-A

    1. a single base deletion (c.G222del) in exon 2 led to a frame-shift terminating the protein at position 74 of 412 amino acids

      Case 18-IV-1

      Proband? Yes

      Phenotype HPOs: HP:0001249, HP:0000708, HP:0008762, HP:0002373, HP:0002197, HP:0010892, HP:0000729

      HPOFreeText: Failure to meet developmental milestones: did not sit until one year, never crawled, began to walk at two years, said her first words at two years old and never spoke in sentences.

      NotHPOs: HP:0001507

      Demographics: Female, Turkey, 21yrs (at report - final age)

      Previous Testing? The proband tested negative for known metabolic disorders. additionally, no chromosomal abnormalities were identified and cranial MRI was normal.

      Genotyping Method:

      Variant Info:


      Variant: c.222del (p.Met74IlefsTer15)

      CAID:CA891862642 ID created for this curation

      gnomAD: Found. Highest MAF 0.00003249 (South Asia), No homozygotes (all populations)

      Variant Evidence: Authors show reduced BCKDK mRNA levels and undetectable BCKDK protein levels in patient derived fibroblasts, suggesting nonsense-mediated decay.


      Additional Case Info: Family described to be of Egyptian ancestry. Parental first-cousin consanguinity. Had one sibling who was similarly affected. Allele Registry CAID created for this curation.

      Other Reporting PMIDs:

    1. 6

      Patient6: Male, 8yo

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002572 (episodic vomiting)

      HPOsFreeText: chronic intermittent IVA, 3 monthly attacks of cyclic vomiting, treated with IVA special formula, elevated isovalerylglycine, C5-carnitine = 9.06 µmol/l

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: symptom onset at 6mo, diagnosis at 72mo via clinical presentation, consanguineous family

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_002225.3(IVD):c.465+2T>C

      ClinVar: 94055, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/94055/

      gnomAD: 0.00001991, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/15-40702998-T-C

      Variant2: NC_000015.9:g.40699940T>C (NM_002225.4(IVD):c.234+14C=)

      CAID: CA147572, http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvs=NC_000015.9%3Ag.40699940T%3EC

      ClinVar: 94053, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/94053/

      gnomAD: 0.6830, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/15-40699940-T-C

    1. 7

      CasePU7: Female, 8 months report, White

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0012120, HP:0003193, HP:0004322, HP:0000964 (Methylmalonic aciduria, Allergic rhinitis, Short stature, Eczema)

      HPOsFreeText: Malonic aciduria

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0003353 (Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency)

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Proband cannot be confirmed in-trans due to lack of parental testing

      CasePreviousTesting: 6.3 propionate incorporation (nmol/mg protein/18 h); Plasma homocysteine and plasma amino acid levels were within the reference range; MMA levels responded partially to cobalamin treatment

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Genomic DNA was extracted from fibroblasts. Next-generation sequencing was performed with 24 genes being sequenced including all coding exons and 20 bp of their flanking intronic regions.

      CasePMIDs: PMID:30740739 as Case 5

      Variant1: NM_001243279.3:c.1239+2T>G

      CAID: CA397142431, http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA397142431

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD

      Variant2: NM_001243279.3(ACSF3):c.1672C>T (p.Arg558Trp)

      ClinVar: 31134, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/31134/

      gnomAD: 0.004790, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/16-89220556-C-T

    1. 39, 40

      Case39 sex unknown, Spain

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0006846, HP:0002540, HP:0001344, HP:0001332

      (Acute encephalopathy, Non-ambulatory, Nonverbal, Dystonia)

      HPOsFreeText Phenotype was classified as "severe," with passive or static dystonia and an inability to stand up, walk, or speak. Patient may have gone undetected by routine screens as glutarate excretion was normal and 3-hydroxyglutarate was only slightly increased.

      CaseNotHPOs n/a

      NotHPOsFreeText n/a

      CasePreviousTesting GC-MS measured glutarate of 16(nv 2–10 mmol/mol creatinine) and 3-OH-glutarate 77(nv 2–14 mm/mol creatinine). In patient fibroblasts, %GCD activity was <0.5.

      CaseMethod1 SSCP

      CaseMethod2 Sanger

      CaseGenotypingMethod PCR amplified and SSCP screened 11 exons and intron boundaries of GCDH gene. Confirmed variants with Sanger sequencing and restriction digest. The A293T variant, with the addition of a mismatch primer, destroys an HgaI restriction site. Thus, while the patient's DNA fragments would not cleave, control fragments would be cleaved.

      Variant 1. NM_000159.3(GCDH):c.877G>A (p.Ala293Thr), 2. NM_000159.3(GCDH):c.764C>T (p.Ser255Leu), compound heterozygous

      ClinVar 1. 2083, 2. 374435

      gnomAD 1. MAF= 0.0004013(African), no homozygotes, 2. MAF= 0.00005437(East Asian), no homozygotes

      CaseAddInfo Sibling (Case 40) presented with same enzyme activity, clinical onset and phenotype. Gluterate was 10mmol/mol creatinine and 3-OH-glutarate was 31mmol/mol creatinine.

      CasePMIDs see notes on previous studies

    2. 30

      Case30 sex unknown, Spain

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0006846, HP:0002540, HP:0001344, HP:0001332

      (Acute encephalopathy, Non-ambulatory, Nonverbal, Dystonia)

      HPOsFreeText Phenotype was classified as "severe," with passive or static dystonia and an inability to stand up, walk, or speak. Patient may have gone undetected by routine screens as glutarate excretion was normal and 3-hydroxyglutarate was only slightly increased.

      CaseNotHPOs n/a

      NotHPOsFreeText n/a

      CasePreviousTesting GC-MS measured glutarate of 25(nv 2–10 mmol/mol creatinine) and 3-OH-glutarate 571(nv 2–14 mm/mol creatinine). In patient fibroblasts, %GCD activity was 1. Patient tested negative in glutarylcarnitine blood spot test, even under carnitine supplementation.

      CaseMethod1 SSCP

      CaseMethod2 Sanger

      CaseGenotypingMethod PCR amplified and SSCP screened 11 exons and intron boundaries of GCDH gene. Confirmed variants with Sanger sequencing and restriction digest. The V400M variant creates an NlaIII restriction site. Thus, while the patient's DNA fragments would cleave, control fragments would not be cleaved. The R402W variant destroys a MspI site. This would lead to uncleaved patient fragments and cleaved control fragments.

      Variant 1. NM_000159.3(GCDH):c.1198G>A (p.Val400Met), 2. NM_000159.3(GCDH):c.1204C>T (p.Arg402Trp), compound heterozygous

      ClinVar 1. 2088, 2. 2085

      gnomAD 1. MAF= 0.0002769(Other), no homozygotes, 2. MAF= 0.0007566(European(Finnish)), no homozygotes

      CaseAddInfo n/a

      CasePMIDs n/a

    1. c G

      Case17 4yo diagnosis, Anglo-Celtic

      CasePresentingHPOs HP:0001083

      (Lens dislocation)

      HPOsFreeText Diagnosis was based on dislocated lenses. Treatment began with 100-200mg/day for two weeks followed by an addition of 5mg/day folic acid. This patient was not responsive to the treatment, plasma homocysteine levels went unchanged. This patient was given additional oral betaine(3g twice per day) with a low protein diet.

      CaseNotHPOs HP:0001249

      (Intellectual disability)

      NotHPOsFreeText no other sequelae

      CasePreviousTesting Free homocystine, methionine, cystine, and cysteine-homo-cysteine mixed disulfide levels were measured by amino acid analyzers and total (free plus bound)homocysteine (tHcys) was measured. Exact values were not provided.

      CaseMethod1 PCR

      CaseMethod2 Sanger

      CaseGenotypingMethod PCR amplified then direct sequenced the entire coding region of CBS.

      Variant NM_000071.2(CBS):c.919G>A (p.Gly307Ser), homozygous

      ClinVar 117

      gnomAD MAF= 0.00041539(Other), no homozygotes

      CaseAddInfo n/a

      CasePMIDs n/a

    1. To evaluate the effect

      Case1

      Variant: NM_013391.3:c.326A>G (p.His109Arg)

      VariantEvidence: The above mutation was introduced into hDMGDH cDNA and both the wild-type and mutant sequences were expressed in E. coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and other mammalian tissue culture samples. In the mutant E coli, no active enzyme could be detected. Similarly, no antigen could be detected in the other cells. The wild-type cells had detectable activity and much higher levels of mRNA than the mutants. Western blot of the cellular extracts showed that the levels of wild-type and mutant protein were similar, but the activity was undetectable.

    1. 4

      CaseGM01781: Female, 18 years report, Caucasian, Europe

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0003153 (Cystathioninuria)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Proband is a compound heterozygote for these variants, Variants were confirmed in trans by parental testing

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Primers were developed and the CTH exons 1-12 and exon-intron boundaries were PCR amplified and sequenced. All sequence variations were verified by restriction enzyme analysis and/or repeat sequencing.

      Variant1: NM_001902.5:c.200C>T (p.Thr67Ile)

      ClinVar: 2939 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2939/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 9.934e-3, Overall 6.308e-3 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/1-70881670-C-T

      Variant2: NM_001902.5:c.718C>G (p.Gln240Glu)

      ClinVar: 2940 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2940/

      gnomAD: European (Non-Finnish) 1.759e-5, Overall 7.957e-6 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/1-70896071-C-G

    1. A 2-year-old boy

      Case: Male, 5 days onset, Iran

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002572, HP:0004923 (Episodic vomiting, Hyperphenylalaninemia)

      HPOsFreeText: Brown eyes

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001249, HP:0032807 (Intellectual disability, Neonatal seizure)

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      CaseAddInfo: Parents are consanguineous first cousins

      CasePreviousTesting: Screened for HPAs by Guthrie test and on special diet

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. PAH gene was screened but no mutations were found. BH4-metabolizing genes were screened via STR markers, with PCBD1 having a homozygous pattern. Direct sequencing revealed a homozygous termination codon extension.

      Variant: NM_000281.4(PCBD1):c.313T>C (p.Ter105Gln)

      ClinVar: 428616, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428616/

      gnomAD: 0.00003301, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/10-72643709-A-G

    1. Homozygous c.295 C>T in exon 3 (p.Gln99X, precursor protein)

      Case1: Newborn, Indian (consanguineous)

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOFreeText: Identified by NBS with elevated C5-carnitine levels. Asymptomatic up to 3 year follow up. Levels of C5-carnitine decreased with time.

      CaseNotHPOs:

      CasePreviousTesting: Followup C5 carnitine 0.88 nM/ml (ref <0.8). Additional testing was performed on patients identified by NBS: all either had elevation of 2-methylbutyrlglycine in urine (with no intermediates consistent with isovaleric acidemia), or increase in 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine in culture from fibroblasts.

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Bidirectional sequence analysis of genomic DNA.

      Variant: NM_001609.3(ACADSB):c.295C>T (p.Gln99Ter) (homozygous)

      ClinVar: 281177

      gnomAD: 0.00006537 South Asian

      VariantEvidence: LOF

      CaseAddInfo:

      CasePMIDs:

    1. Case#: Patient 2; English/Dutch/German/French

      CaseHPOs: Clinical details in Weleber et al, 1982, “Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina… Birth defects: Original Article Series 18 (6) 219-230. Article has been requested.

      CaseHPOsFreeText: Not responsive to Vitamin B6.

      CaseNotHPOs:

      CasePreviousTesting: OAT activity was nondetectable in the patient’s fibroblasts. Northern analysis detected no OAT mRNA. Western blot analysis of OAT protein in the patient's fibroblasts demonstrated an essentially negligible amount of OAT.

      CaseMethod1: PCR

      CaseMethod2: Sequence analysis

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Truncated 5.0-kbp EcoRI OAT gene fragment in addition to the normal 5.8-kbp fragment on Southern blot analysis (Inana et al., 1988), suggesting heterozygosity for a deletion. Cloning and sequencing of the truncated fragment revealed a deletion of 1,072 base pairs. DGGE and sequence analysis of genomic DNA was carried out to identify the variant on the other allele.

      Variant: Variant 1: A 1,072-bp deletion starting in intron 5, 172 bp upstream of exon 6, and ending in intron 6, 772 bp downstream of exon 6 Variant 2: NM_000274.3(OAT):c.627T>A (p.Tyr209Ter)

      ClinVar: Variant 1: 174; Variant 2: 175

      gnomAD: Variant 1: Not listed (but large deletion may not be picked up) Variant 2: Maximum population minor allele frequency = 0.00004645 (European non-Finnish); no homozygotes in any population.

    1. 4

      Case4: Male, 1y 2m, Chinese

      HPOsFreeText: (at 21 days) 0.77 C4 umol/L, 0.07 C4/C2, 0.86 C4/C3

      NotHPOsFreeText: normal urine isobutyrylglycine

      Case4 (Level 2):


      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseMethod1: same as group

      CaseMethod2: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group


      Variant1: NM_014384.2:c.286G>A (p.Gly96Ser)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA6372895

      gnomAD: 0.001453 (East Asian)

      Variant2: NM_014384.2:c.444G>T (p.Pro148=)

      ClinVar: n/a

      CAID: CA6372946

      gnomAD: 0.0002772 (Other)


      CaseAddInfo: trans heterozygous, inherited one allele from each parent

    1. G

      FamilyST-I: Turkey

      FamilyPresentingHPOs: HP:0000961, HP:0000825, HP:0001643, HP:0002240, HP:0001395 (Cyanosis, Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, Patent ductus arteriosus, Hepatomegaly, Hepatic fibrosis)

      HPOsFreeText: N/A

      FamilyNotHPOs: N/A

      NotHPOsFreeText: N/A

      FamilyGenotypingMethod: See Group

      FamilyPreviousTesting: See Supp Info for methionine/transaminase values

      FamilyAddInfo: Family is homozygous for this variant

      Variant: NM_001123.3:c.905T>C (p.Phe302Ser)

      CAID: CA377399030, http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA377399030

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD

      Affected: 2

      Unaffected: 0

      Segregations: 1

      AddSegregationInfo: Not enough info