for
- individual / collective gestalt - gene centrism - paradigm shift
- adjacency - mistake of 20th century biology - reductionism - separating organism from environment - individual / collective gestalt, individual / environment gestalt
- quote - mistake of 20th century biology - Ray Noble
- key insight - mistake of 20th century biology- Ray Noble
quote - mistake of 20th century biology - Ray Noble
- (see below)
- I think one of the other mistakes that have been made in biology of the 20th century
- was to treat organisms as if they existed within an
environment that was sort of like some nebulous box as it were
- and you could study the organism by taking it out
- and you study it in isolation
- It's the beginning of reductionism in a sense because
- you taken it away from the environment but the organism has an intimate relationship with the environment
- It's feeding both
- to the environment and
- from the environment
- What is that environment?
- That environment in large part is
- other organisms of the same species but
- other organisms of different species
- and it's in a continuous bubble of change
- It's like a cauldron of change
- So the big question for life is
- how do you maintain yourself in this cauldron of
change?
- You cannot do it by standing still
- You have to respond to it
- so it's not surprising therefore that you find that you know organisms have mechanisms for responding to those changes
adjacency - mistake of 20th century biology
- between
- reductionism
- separating organism from environment
- individual / collective gestalt,
- individual / environment gestalt
- adjacency relationship
- The mistake that 20th century biology has made is in
- ascribing too much power to the gene, and
- minimizing the role of epigenetics
- Focusing the majority of attention and resources on the genes of the organism, and
- defocusing attention on the organisms (epigenetic) interactions with the environment, including both
- biotic elements and
- abiotic elements
- It's not the case that the genes are the major determinant factor and the epigenetics play a minor role
- It IS the case that epigenetics play an equally important role in transmitting and assimilating features into the genome
- The individual organism is intertwingled with its environment and with other living organisms
- The individual / collective gestalt and the individual / environment gestalt is the appropriate unit of study