The basic assumption under-lying theories of rationality is that people choose how to act according to their benefit; in otherwords, they are rational.

Moreover, control theory offers a broad view of interaction; itis not limited to input.

All theories of interaction discussed in this part assume intentionality: People have goalsthat have a (mutually) causal role in interaction.

One type of determination is shared by all theories of interaction in HCI: teleological determina-tion.

For example, interaction-as-tool-usefocuses on this idea (Chapter 19). Tools change people and their activities; in turn, this changesthe tools.

However, such a description does not count as a theory ofinteraction because it does not link the effect back to the cause. It is silent on how the design ofthe button affects its pressing.

Theories of interaction illuminate interactive phenomena beyond intuition and helpsolve design and engineering problems in HCI.

个人学习可能取决于他人行为的主张突出了将学习环境视为一个涉及多个互动参与者的系统的重要性

Holmberg, distance education ischaracterized by the following statements:

Holmberg's (1989) theory of distance education, what he calls "guid-ed didactic conversation," falls into the general category ofcommunication theory. Holmberg noted that his theory had explanatoryvalue in relating teaching effectiveness to the impact of feelings ofbelonging and cooperation as well as to the actual exchange of ques-tions, answers, and arguments in mediated communication

Theory of Interaction and Communication

We define 'reflection' as referring tocritical reflection, orbringing unconscious aspects of experience to conscious awareness, thereby making them available for conscious choice. This critical reflection is crucial to both individual freedom and our quality of life in society as a whole, since without it, we unthinkingly adopt attitudes, practices, values, and identities we might not consciously espouse. Additionally, reflection is not a purely cognitive activity, but is folded into all our ways of seeing and experiencing the world.

Our perspective on reflection is grounded in critical theory, a Western tradition of critical reflection embodied in various intellectual strands including Marxism, feminism, racial and ethnic studies, media studies and psychoanalysis.

ritical theory argues that our everyday values, practices, perspectives, and sense of agency and self are strongly shaped by forces and agendas of which we are normally unaware, such as the politics of race, gender, and economics. Critical reflection provides a means to gain some awareness of such forces as a first step toward possible change.

We believe that, for those concerned about the social implications of the technologies we build, reflection itself should be a core technology design outcome for HCI. That is to say, technology design practices should support both designers and users in ongoing critical reflection about technology and its relationship to human life.