15 Matching Annotations
  1. Apr 2026
    1. Cephalosporins or extended-spectrum penicillins are commonly used (eg, cephalexin, 0.5 g orally four times daily for 7–10 days; see Table 35–6). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (two double-strength tablets orally twice daily for 7–10 days) should be considered when there is concern that the pathogen is MRSA (see Tables 35–5 and 35–6). Vancomycin, 15 mg/kg intravenously every 12 hours, is used for patients with signs of a systemic inflammatory response.

      cephalexin, dicloxacillin, penicillin VK, amoxicillin/clavulanate, or clindamycin (for penicillin-allergic patients). [1-2] These beta-lactam antibiotics provide excellent coverage against streptococci and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA

    1. Treatment of superficial vein reflux (see Varicose Veins, above) has been shown to decrease the recurrence rate of venous ulcers. Where there is substantial obstruction of the femoral or popliteal deep venous system, superficial varicosities supply the venous return and should not be removed.

      Failure of venous insufficiency ulcerations to heal is most often due to inconsistent use of first-line treatment methods. Ongoing control of edema is essential to prevent recurrent ulceration; the use of compression stockings following ulcer healing is critical, with recurrence rates 2–20 times higher if compression stockings are not used

      Duplex ultrasound evaluation should assess blood flow direction, venous reflux, and venous obstruction, and include examination of the deep venous system, great saphenous vein (GSV), small saphenous vein (SSV) and its thigh extension (Giacomini vein), accessory saphenous veins, and perforating veins. Venography is recommended primarily in patients with post-thrombotic disease, especially when intervention is planned, as it provides greater anatomic detail than duplex ultrasonograph The examination also identifies patterns of disease that have treatment implications. Axial reflux is defined as uninterrupted retrograde flow from groin to calf and can occur in either superficial or deep systems. [4] Junctional reflux is limited to the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction, while segmental reflux occurs in a portion of a truncal vein. [4] Understanding whether reflux originates from superficial junctions versus deep venous incompetence fundamentally changes treatment planning, as superficial disease is amenable to ablation while deep disease typically requires conservative management Management of secondary varicose veins from post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is fundamentally different and more challenging. Compression therapy, lifestyle modifications, and symptom management form the cornerstone of PTS treatment. [4-8] Elastic compression stockings (20-30 mm Hg), leg elevation, weight loss, and exercise constitute the primary therapeutic approach Endovascular interventions for PTS—including percutaneous transluminal venoplasty and stenting—are reserved for select patients with significant iliofemoral obstruction who have failed conservative management. [7] These procedures require careful patient selection and standardized criteria. The role of superficial venous ablation in PTS patients with concomitant superficial reflux remains controversial and should be approached cautiously, as the underlying deep venous pathology may limit benefit

    Tags

    Annotators

    URL

  2. Mar 2026
  3. Nov 2023
  4. Jun 2021
    1. "Many North American music education programs exclude in vast numbers students who do not embody Euroamerican ideals. One way to begin making music education programs more socially just is to make them more inclusive. For that to happen, we need to develop programs that actively take the standpoint of the least advantaged, and work toward a common good that seeks to undermine hierarchies of advantage and disadvantage. And that, inturn, requires the ability to discuss race directly and meaningfully. Such discussions afford valuable opportunities to confront and evaluate the practical consequences of our actions as music educators. It is only through such conversations, Connell argues, that we come to understand “the real relationships and processes that generate advantage and disadvantage”(p. 125). Unfortunately, these are also conversations many white educators find uncomfortable and prefer to avoid."

  5. Apr 2021
  6. Feb 2021
  7. Dec 2019
    1. the discomfort of grading highly personal work. Sometimes keeping the spirit of “open pedagogy” may involve the idea of “closed” –  considerations of student privacy, personal spaces, and making it equally ok to restrict access

      Openness on including and/or creating new/different evaluation strategies that are sensitive to personal dimensions of works produced in the experience.