If you like the annotated conversation here, you can also join in on the margins of the paper itself.

In our paper, we address this idea that ALL ✨sparkling intelligence✨ outputs are generated using the same technology and practices. We argue that it is useful to have a term for those outputs that don't match our shared reality or factual requirements, and for that we propose "mirage".

In my blog post introducing our paper, I suggest AI "rainbows" as a term for mirages that we do value.

I'm assuming this is some kind of ✨sparkling intelligence✨ and given that Dr. Oblivion seems to miss the point of the paper and our discussion here, I found it more illustrative than helpful ;)

Agree! This is a point we make in the paper. And then there are those mirages that we actually value, which I have proposed the term "AI rainbows" in my blog post introducing our paper.

Turns out the story is a bit more complicated than that, at least according to the history shared by another participant below.

This is a great history of the term "hallucination" in the discourse of ✨sparkling intelligence✨ — huge thanks to whoever shared it! I've also added it to our collaborative bibliography.

Mostly worth it is not worthy enough for Stephens.

"people I know" standing in for evidence

Came out of nowhere?

hm, does EDU only perpetuate wealth inequality? I'm not sure that the the question of EDU's role in US economic mobility is so fully settled...

Stephens starts out by suggesting that the issue is generational.

This statement draws a direct connection between what the Trump administration is doing to EDU and a vague description of an alleged popular opinion, while providing no proof of the connection. While Trumpists may be fomenting and harnessing anti-EDU sentiment, they may have other reasons for their anti-EDU actions.

On popular opinion about EDU, see https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2024/02/01/colleges-and-universities-k-12-public-schools/

You might also want to visit my blog post, where I introduce the publication of this paper alongside some additional ideas on interventions to prevent AI mirages, on AI mirages vs AI rainbows, and on how AI terminology plays out in different disciplines.

This is perhaps the most compelling recommendation here. And bringing in the student voice not only in OER, but also in the other ways in which OER support additional open educational practices.

This seems essential, but also difficult to implement. What would be some specific tactics to collect such data?

This recommendation seems key as clearly, the work to increase student success will be long.

I'm not sure this acronym has been defined before in the text and so maybe should be.

Is this a quote? If so, it seems like it should be marked and attributed.

This is absolutely key: The OER movement has too long relied on individuals and not realized institutionalization.

I wonder if in the age of AI and information disorder if different messaging might gain traction. For example: messaging about how OER and OEP can lead to higher information literacies...

This seems like the headline: OER is not an end in itself, but as one tool in enabling progress in these larger and more impactful goals.

This heterogeneity seems like a symptom of efforts that are working against dominant commercial practices.

At issue: while individual learners may provide the financial support for commercial endeavors (eg, textbook costs), the costs for OER seem to always need to be underwritten at a higher level, often with public funding.

While I concur with the need to continue to examine the equity and accessibility of OER, I wonder if it is being held to a standard that proprietary commercial resources are not held. equity and inclusivity goals? What equity and inclusivity goals are commercial proprietary educational materials setting and/or meeting?

interesting: perhaps the overall impacts of education are hard to measure against the brass tacks of commercial endeavors...there are likely studies in the field of economics that could help weigh education's less monetary measures against commercial activities...the following paragraph suggests some avenues for exploration

This is a core insight — while the cost savings and related accessibility of OER are compelling, there is also the collateral effects of instructors and instructional designers revisiting course materials and practices that can lead to other improvements.

I'm not sure why this even matters, but I would have loved to see this report use just "OER" in both the singular and plural cases. Maybe it's a bit like "deer" versus "deers"...

So this sentence would be: "In those instances, OER is framed as both a cost-savings tool and also as a means to advance student success and equity."

I might also add Stencila here...I see it in the endnotes.

What about funding?

not a great wrap

I lol'd when I saw this because I started with the naming and here it is as the first in the list!

?

this seems key: HTML is far closer to a good digital lingua franca than PDFs, and can be effectively transformed for print if needed

A deep concern, especially in a wider context where the value of expertise itself is being undermined...

another possible necessary cultural shift for PRC to succeed? where scholarly progress is recognized as a more dynamic activity with crystalized moments (ie, VORs)?

enables?

VOR already defined above

good to see this focus on the way money flows in the scholarly communications system...I wonder if it might not be brought up earlier as a concern to more fully addressed in its proper place as it is here...

maybe a good point to reflect on the ways in which the open source software community did not fully open and dismantle hierarchies, and how maybe scholarly communication is also not yet as open and non-hierarchical as we might want it to be

maybe it's not surprising that the part of PRC where most of the money is located is also the part that's hardest to redefine...

this seems like an essential and fundamental cultural shift: away from private critique and toward public review as part of the open scholarly process

"dynamic post-publication evaluation" is a key phrase in this work...perhaps "dynamic post-distribution evaluation" to differentiate between depositing work in preprint form and publishing it in a curation?

"simple" and "non-threatening" maybe to people who are really comfortable submitting manuscripts in LaTex...

See my note above on possibly renaming the PRC idea...

The characters of the two systems seem well-aligned with the cathedral/bazaar metaphor, but what of the financial and motivational aspects of the two systems?

enabling?

I have to admit, when I first saw "PRC" my immediate thought was the People's Republic of China — even though that's clearly way off topic — and it took me a few pages in to the document to see it defined. I realize insiders may get PRC right away, but I wonder if there might be a more distinct shorthand for this topic, like maybe "PuReCu", which could maybe be pronounced "Pure Queue"...

Molly says: "If anyone enshittifies my newsletter, it's going to be me, dammit!"

I think Kissinger's figure is too controversial to leave it at "celebrated".

See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%E2%80%93ought_problem

hm, I'm not sure how LLMs acquire these higher-level concepts out of the probabilistic relations just described.

And we embark on this voyage in the gravy boat...

Just learned about https://github.com/scidsg/page-builder from @glennsorrentino at @scidsg. Very cool lightweight way to create portable, standalone HTML documents for use online and off!

Skinned, augmented MediaWiki by https://scidsg.org/

Great to see IOI walking the walk here and releasing data with the recommended CC0 public domain dedication.

One issue with blanket, automatic entry of AI-generated works to the public domain is privacy: A human using AI could have good reasons not to have the outputs of their use made public.

Idea of opt out technical mechanism.

I had to read this a couple of times before I concluded that the meaning was a commercial entity would likely lose a case where it had infringed a trademark. It was unclear which commercial entity was mentioned: the trademark holder or the alleged infringer?

Possible typo: could be "proportional and not excessive"?

Possible typo: could be "a relatively short time".

On EU TDM exceptions.

On a benefit of text and data mining as fair use.

Key questions around exceptions.

Possible typo: could be "a mouse and a squirrel on their mobile phones"

Josepha Hayden Chomposi is the Executive Director of the WordPress project.

This cat looks a lot like my cat!

Treaty Regulating Immigration from China 1880 (also at Wikisource; at Wikipedia), known commonly as the "Angell Treaty" after its primary US negotiator James B. Angell, which amended the 1868 Burlingame-Seward Treaty (in this same document at US Library of Congress; at Wikisource; at Wikipedia).

1868 Burlingame-Seward Treaty (at Wikisource; at Wikipedia).

Uses wicking filter

The new open will be enacted by policymaking, first in the EU.

The new open will be enacted by "sensemaking work" and "creating new narratives".

About TagTeam

Make your own Mexican Pizza at home: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1efvtI5mJKA

Here's how they make Mexican Pizzas at Taco Bell https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4VWzXKoQeE

A tool one can use to think about different ways of opening education is Open Learning Experience Bingo, a "game" you can apply to learning experiences and identify and/or imagine different ways to open them up.

Has Katz not encountered persuasive arguments for why one might support systematic change in policing?

Is "evil" really the right word? Profoundly immoral and wicked? Doing the work of the Devil?

Much has been made out of these few words. No doubt calling BJL "terrorist" is incendiary. Does Katz believe incendiary rhetoric makes his case more convincing?

This section demonstrates how calls to "objectivity" undermine critical thinking. Objectivity becomes its own dogma.

It boggles Katz's mind that advantages for certain people have been established and are still working today for "no reason other than their pigmentation"? Does Katz believe that structural racism is no longer in operation?

Like armed conflict? Very dramatic.

Rush to judgment; unsound research. Because Katz's friends' POVs and POVs he found online are all extreme, all POVs are extreme.

A focus on "proper" writing: recognizing the historical specificity of why "united" might not yet have been capitalized in 1776, but avoiding an understanding of why today one might capitalize Black and white differently.

More nostalgia; Katz projects his own experience and the experience of people like him onto "every American child".

Hyperbolic nostalgia for the loss unexamined hero worship of "founding fathers".

Another value of the data cooperative model might be that each individual might not have time to research and administer possible new data-sharing requests/opportunities, and it would be helpful to entrust that work to a cooperative entity that already has one's trust.

Amen. This resonates with my concern about systems that want to govern human relations without humans at the center. It's not like I believe having humans at the center of our relations guarantees good practices and outcomes (we have ample proof it does not), but rather that NOT centering humans in human relations may cast aside what's good about humanity along with what's bad.

What do we gain — or lose — by labeling teachers and learners as "workers"?

An awareness of other structural, economic issues that are weakening democracy: Globalization, Automation, Inequality.

Another possible structural cause of weakened democracy, though I'm not sure how urbanization leads to a decrease in communal glue.

So this is a different way social media has intervened in the constellation of issues here then right? So to combat this issue, we might take different steps.

Uh oh. Is this a trial balloon for ending online anonymity?

The move to blame specific corporate social media algorithms.

Placing blame with users, as if only users were selecting what they see online.

Structural effects of global digital networks: more content, splintered audiences.

Obama's three strategies: better capitalism, better politics, better stories/communications.

This formulation almost makes it sound like marginalized folks are to blame.

Against technodeterminism.

"We Use Technology, Research & Participatory Action to Unveil Corruption." Visit website >

"The News Literacy Project, a nonpartisan national education nonprofit, provides programs and resources for educators and the public to teach, learn and share the abilities needed to be smart, active consumers of news and information and equal and engaged participants in a democracy." Visit website >

"Designing tools, methods, and systems to understand and address societal fragmentation." Visit website >

"National School of Journalism (NSoJ) is a highly selective J-school that identifies and trains India's best journalistic talents. Our newsroom-focused curriculum, in-house digital news portal, expert faculty members and unparalleled industry connections prepare our students for successful careers in broadcast, print and convergence journalism." Visit website >

Call for civics.

Call to improve journalism.

Call to improve online media literacies.

Preprint of study: Broockman, D., & Kalla, J. (2022, April 1). The manifold effects of partisan media on viewers’ beliefs and attitudes: A field experiment with Fox News viewers. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/jrw26

Will regulation be able to change the North Star?

PATA via Senator Coons website.

EC's DSA website.

Possible s230 reform in advertising.

s230 first mention

Call for more transparency in social media algorithms, with a little threat of regulation.

Reminder to folks who misunderstand the reach of the First Amendment.

Pretty close to a "marketplace of ideas" POV.

A solution that suggests some fixes to the existing structures will suffice.

Putting the "open" in internet.

This suggests there is enough transparency in social media algorithms to game them.

Another call to focus on social media platform design.

Are there interventions that can be made with these actors rather than at the level of the algorithms?

Read a full-text transcription of Obama's 21 April 2022 speech at Stanford University and engage in its annotated discussion.

I wonder if that suggests the tests matter less, or more?

Known by who for educating who? This is the most ridiculously reductionist and nostalgic lament in the entire piece.

Please define this "real merit".

Do the policies and practices that shape disadvantaged lives come festooned (eg, drug sentencing laws)? Or do they seep out with a colder, darker, less obvious rhetoric?

So the lack of civics lamented above is not caused by the global cultural studies that happened? There could be both, right?

How many generations have passed mistaking this solution as progress?

Except ideas have always been structured by identify. Perhaps universal ideas might be better seen as the identity politics of a privilege that doesn't appreciate being interrogated.

It's easy to reach for these "universal" principles, which have always been universal in theory only. It doesn't surprise me that folks heretofore excluded challenge universal principles that have not served their purposes.

Or was it a quiet plea that people can figure things out without hard rules and signs?

What were the problems with the other boys?

Wow. That's an incredibly long reach to make an incendiary point.

This is where it gets really interesting. I'd have to explore what branches out from here, but the term "political correctness" is not really just one thing that everyone agrees on, and from where I'm sitting, mostly seems to arise around areas where people who historically have had less of a voice start having one that disturbs established POVs.

hm: another statement I'd need to think about or hear more about. How would we measure if there really was significant disillusionment from hope Obama's presidency raised? Sounds sorta right, but hard to prove.

Wait, how does meritocracy value security?

This is a great juxtaposition of the trap the author and so many upper-middle-class people find themselves in.

A worry I have for sure...

Ahhh...so THIS is why we stay married!

Interesting, I'm ready to buy that the post-WWII period had the biggest opening to education in the USA — tho far from truly open or meritocratic and definitely unevenly distributed in many ways, including between K12 and higher ed — but I'm not sure I'd put standardized tests first in a list of reasons for the opening. I'd want to hear more about that.

I like an alternate theory: their kid had been making representational drawings for a long time, but purposely obscuring it until the revelation could make the biggest impact.

So idealistic with other values?

This is where social annotation can be powerful, by making the habits of a reading mind visible, and open for discussion.

This is great to see as so often infrastructure is considered to be only within a purely technical layer.

Also key: A common view of infrastructure as more permanent structures like "roads and bridges", or even digital networks, shapes understanding away from infrastructure as a more dynamic socio-technical system.

Another positive outcome from students taking courses with collaborative assignments.

Interesting: Discussions are excluded from collaborative activies.

Mention of Hypothesis social annotation as a site for teacher/learner engagement.

Interesting positive student success finding for courses with collaborative assignments.

Love this! It's hard to make happen, but learners voices are so often missing from EdTech conversations and may well be the most important voices to be heard. Given how tech decisions can have huge impacts on learner success and well-being, how can we ensure that they are a bigger part of the conversation?

So often learning technologies emphasize metrics of engagement that easily become metrics of surveillance. Maybe instead of focusing on "time on page" they might flower out to "connections made" to other people, texts, writing, and ideas.

I wish every technology move would begin by investing in people. Yes, technologies can help us do wonderful things, but the most effective teaching and learning is in human connection.

This seems like essential digital literacies work that should be part of all educational levels...otherwise, we run the risk of always being mere consumers of knowledge/content services that may not support our agency.

This is such a crucial point...how much content and knowledge is buried in obsolete file types? In the end, HTML may be one of the most robust file types, as well as being one of those that is most easily made accessible. Even the PDF we are reading here has layers of complexity beyond HTML that may make it less available in the future.

WVU Press has graciously enabled author Jenae Cohn to share a chapter from her book, Skim, Dive, Surface, publicly so the community can annotate it together.

Help support small presses by buying her book directly from the Press.

As in entropy?

Typo? “that which is to be”?

https://media.giphy.com/media/lRdooI7yhvJl5WhRkE/giphy.gif

In the light of day, this seems especially harsh. I bet you have read a lot of books, maybe even in multiple languages. However, the point stands when we look at it in the context of the traditions in the USA (and UK) that proper thinking must be easily intelligible, or it is suspect. Traditions on the European continent don't demand that hard things always be easy to understand.

And not only encouraging practices directly related to OER, but also other open educational practices that the use of OER can "open" up, such as renewable assignments, authentic assessment, ungrading, etc.

Maybe we should consider other policy-making levels too, as there are good examples of regional/provincial/state level OER policy, such as in Oregon. What are other examples/levels?

I read this letter with growing unease as it seems to be participating in the increasingly common rhetoric where otherwise well-meaning progressives get caught up in what I think is a "panic" manufactured by rightist propaganda. The panic about "cancel culture" and a progressive undermining of free speech seems like the evolution of the older rightist culture wars panic about "political correctness".

A couple of other readings have helped me think about this more deeply. You can read and respond to my annotations on each at the following links:

• Atlantic writer Hannah Giorgis's A Deeply Provincial View of Free Speech
• A More Specific Letter on Justice and Open Debate in The Objective that was a "group effort, started by journalists of color with contributions from the larger journalism, academic, and publishing community". 30 Jan 2022 Note: The original letter seems now unavailable at the link above, but one can view it in the Internet Archive, though annotations are apparently only available while using the Hypothesis Chrome extension.
• And most powerfully, writer @gabbybellot's more personal take on the whole thing: Freedom Means Can Rather Than Should: What the Harper’s Open Letter Gets Wrong in Literary Hub
• And although I didn't find myself totally in agreement with it, Lili Loofbourow's Illiberalism Isn’t to Blame for the Death of Good-Faith Debate in Slate
• Adding Meredith Clark's DRAG THEM: A brief etymology of so-called “cancel culture” in Communication and the Public

First impressions on #web3 (or #w3b as I like to call it), from Signal founder Moxie Marlinspike.

Made me think of the Indigenization Project at BCCampus, that works "to co-create open educational resources that support faculty and staff with the incorporation of Indigenous epistemologies into professional practice, enabling post-secondary institutions to continue to build the structures and processes by which Indigenous students experience their post-secondary education in resonance with their own lives, worldviews, and ambitions."

Are there other examples of projects focused on OER in indigenous languages? Love to hear about them in replies to this annotation.

Can we embed PhET sims in Hypothesis annotations?

So far, only linking is supported: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/ph-scale/latest/ph-scale_en.html

Learn more about Jennifer Hardwick on her KPU English faculty webpage.

A group of educators will be annotating this post together as a part of the 17 Sep 2021 AnnotatED workshop with Dr. Rajiv Jhangiani, as a part of his OLC Accelerate 2021 keynote. Join us annotating here, at the workshop live, or viewing the workshop recording afterwards.

Dr. Jhangiani collaborates with this post's author, Jennifer Hardwick, in the Teaching & Learning Commons at Kwantlen Polytechnic University.

I'm seeing a space of opportunity in the way we map and plan at the intersection of knowledge practices — like teaching and learning, research, publication, archiving — and tools. I'm thinking about ways we can use practices like Jennifer Hardwick outlines here to map and plan in new ways that emphasize human activity and connections rather than technologies.

What spaces of opportunity are you seeing?

Although I'm not teaching at the moment, I have collaborated on some Open Pedagogy activities, most fulsomely on what we've been calling "Open Learning Experience Bingo", a tool you can use to think about the "openness" of educational activities. I also gave a lightning talk about the bingo if you'd rather watch than read.

Do other readers have examples of open, UDL, or — new to me — appreciative inquiry practices they've been experimenting with or thinking about?

This is a pretty impressive list of initiatives above. It would be great to have people link similar initiatives from other institutions here to get a sense of how widespread this kind of activity is and help make connections across efforts.

One of the changes I've been trying to make is to listen more and talk less — which is hard for a blabbermouth like me. Rather than have my voice continue to take up the great space it so often does, I instead try to focus on how I can hear and amplify other voices — especially voices so often marginalized by those like mine.

For example: Rather than weigh in on a tweet that resonates with me, I simply retweet it, hopefully spreading its message and letting it speak for itself, making its own connections.

What "difficult and uncomfortable work" have you been taking on?

Follow this link to read Jessica Zeller's post, "Pedagogy as Protest: Reimagining the Center", with social annotation enabled.

Indeed, where is our humanity?

From the POV of educational technology, we seem to be bent on replacing humanity with machines as fast as possible, either "because technology scales" and so we need it to deliver more educational goodness to the growing population of potential learners, or because technology "capitalizes" and so enables some people to generate more/new revenue from education.

Meanwhile, the one thing we have in abundance that we know improves learning outcomes is...humans. Let's use them!

👈you mean like this?

Likely a reference to the "Mothership" spaceship of Dr. Funkenstein, an alter ego of Parliament's George Clinton.

See how you can highlight some words on the page and add an annotation? Use the links above to sign in to or create a Hypothesis account.

Example of tension between indigenous IP and commercial use.

Indigenous people's license example.

Example of ethical open principles.

Interesting analysis about the lifespans of various EDU IT systems.

Or maybe rather, engineering and the sciences, have, to a greater degree, been very differently shaped due to their different connections to commercial forces.

Critical theory invites us to step away from an idea of there being some kind of realm of pure, valid thinking/knowledge that might be corrupted/shaped by either academic structures (as Morningstar finds in critical theory), or commerce (as Morningstar finds in engineering and science), or connections to reality and instead explore how any human practice is connected to, shaped by and shaping of all those things and more.

Morningstar is on to something here in explaining critical theory's faults as the result of some structural, social/culture forces, but ends up misrecognizing his own insight for something that derives from intrinsic qualities of critical theory itself rather than how it participates in specific historical periods.

Morningstar steps away from his clever ridicule to finally reveal what he found valuable in his exploration of critical theory.

Surprised to see Baudrillard categorized as harder? more opaque? more sophisticated? than Derrida... Someone who had read both might switch the order...

I can't find it right now, but recently came across an example of how a different field, perhaps closer to Morningstar's, has experienced a kind of "drift", wherein a sizable portion of artificial intelligence research was characterized as being of low quality and published only due to a small "in group" colluding.

One of the things critical theory does is try to understand how culture works beyond this or that individual human interaction with say, one specific text. Part of this line of thinking is that culture (a critical theorist might say "discourse") has its own patterns, histories, structures, effects, etc. This might be why Morningstar finds the idea that a text could "deconstruct itself" fantastical.

Again Morningstar shows a lack of recognition that academia (most especially in the USA) operates in a marketplace, even though he describes some of its market characteristics elsewhere.

So for example, if a computer program had one primary database and one replica of the primary database that copied the primary database nightly, a computer scientist wouldn't recognize that setup as a hierarchy with two elements?

Does Morningstar think that math too suffers from the same issues he finds in critical theory, or just Godel's incompleteness theorem (I'm assuming that's what Morningstar is alluding to)? Explore a deep discussion about whether Godel's incompleteness theorem is a cheap trick.

Or is questioning labels and categories a quite legitimate move given that one of the primary focuses of critical theory is to look at how labels and catetgories shape understanding?

Morningstar's big takeaway.

Morningstar frames his inquiry as a crime investigation.