home-rule amendment in 1912

Constitutional Convention was called in 1875

The 1869 document contained more forceful language against secession, greater protections for freedmen, and limits on local power, as localities were believed to be the source of racial hostility.

election

hirteenth Amendment (the abolition of slavery), Fourteenth Amendment (the grant of citizenship and equality before the law—equal rights—to freedmen and women), and the

No major Articles were added or deleted. The individual property rights of the slave-owner was prioritized. No law could be passed about emancipation. Individuals could not free their own slaves. Immigration of slaves from other states could not be limited. Enslaved people continued to have the right to jury trials, punished as they would be against a White victim, “except in case of insurrection by such slave.”28 But to this was added: “or rape on a white female.”29 The nature of the changes make clear that the principle concern of the members of the secession Convention was to ensure the preservation of slavery.

exican–American War (1846-1848)

Convention

836 1845 1861

Many of its features reappear in most, and in some cases all, of the constitutions to come. These included the due process rights common in the American states (for example, protection against unlawful search and seizure and the right to be tried by a jury of your peers), the separation of powers backed up with checks and balances, and a wide variety of elected positions with short terms and term limits.

suffrage

Constitutional Convention in 1875

Great Depression ushered in the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932

Pure Food and Drug Act, the Federal Reserve Act, the Income Tax Amendment, and the Nineteenth Amendment, which gave women the right to vote

Progressive Era

Fourteenth Amendment

Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816), McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824).

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

In Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

artin v Hunter’s Lessee (1816)

Seventeenth Amendment

qual Protection Clause

state’s responsibility to protect the safety of its citizens so policing falls to the states and the federal government cannot suspend habeas corpus (protection from unlawful imprisonment)

reserved powers

Tenth Amendment

t that meeting—held in secret—Virginia’s Edmund Randolph began by outlining the deficiencies of the confederated form of government, and in turn what a national government should do: provide security against foreign invasion; settle quarrels between the states; promote commerce; pushback on encroachments from the state; wield power over the states.