18 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2025
    1. Intertwined with its concern over ethnicity and religion, the Orange Order presented an ideal of nationalism that differed from the conceptions being presented by other competing forces in Canada. While other Canadian thinkers of the early-twentieth century began to conceive of the Canadian nation as part of a North American tradition, along with the United States, or as a “northern nation” that, through the crucible of Arctic winters, broke with both the United States and Europe, the Orange Order celebrated Canada’s past and highlighted the accomplishments of the British in North America. As the Order saw it, the devotion of the Loyalists and the rise of an Anglophone hegemony in North America were foundational to Canada’s existence, and both owed their authority to British identity. Indeed, as Scott See points out with regard to the Orange Order’s Loyalism of the nineteenth century, The Orange Order served as a form of connective tissue to link the Old World with the New. It was a complex blend of full-throated dedication to the Empire and unswerving support for Britain’s imperial endeavors, as well as an indigenous pronouncement of colonial identity in North America that applauded the British connection, yet strove to articulate a distinct identity of Britishness. (See Citation2014, 182)

      "Intertwined with its concern over ethnicity and religion, the Orange Order presented an ideal of nationalism that differed from the conceptions being presented by other competing forces in Canada. While other Canadian thinkers of the early-twentieth century began to conceive of the Canadian nation as part of a North American tradition, along with the United States, or as a “northern nation” that, through the crucible of Arctic winters, broke with both the United States and Europe, the Orange Order celebrated Canada’s past and highlighted the accomplishments of the British in North America. As the Order saw it, the devotion of the Loyalists and the rise of an Anglophone hegemony in North America were foundational to Canada’s existence, and both owed their authority to British identity. Indeed, as Scott See points out with regard to the Orange Order’s Loyalism of the nineteenth century,

      The Orange Order served as a form of connective tissue to link the Old World with the New. It was a complex blend of full-throated dedication to the Empire and unswerving support for Britain’s imperial endeavors, as well as an indigenous pronouncement of colonial identity in North America that applauded the British connection, yet strove to articulate a distinct identity of Britishness. (See Citation2014, 182)"

      SPECIFIC BRITISH IDENTITY -> EMPHASIZES THIS AS OPPOSED TO NORTH AMERICAN IDENTITY CURRENTS LIKE AMERICANISM

      Flag is connection between Canadians and the British Empire. Again, empty identity though. " “the Flag of our Empire, upon which the sun never sets is the outward and visible emblem of our loyalty to the great British Commonwealth, of which Canada is an integral part” (“Forms” Citation1937). This strain of thought resembled the ideas of imperialists like Stephen Leacock, who before World War I had advocated for greater Canadian participation in British imperial ventures as a means of sharing in the military victories won overseas and the spread of Anglo-Saxon civilization."

  2. Dec 2024
    1. once I began to see in 3D, I realized how wrong I had been. My theoretical knowledge of stereopsis did not prepare me in the least for the experience of seeing in stereo. Dr. Sacks must have suspected that stereopsis would provide me with an astonishing new way of seeing, one that I could not even have imagined

      for - cliche - the finger pointing to the moon - the finger is not the moon - language is NOT the experience it describes - from Psychology Today website - article - What Oliver Sacks Taught Me - Susan R. Barry - 2024 - Jan. 23

  3. Oct 2024
  4. Jan 2024
    1. Instance methods Instances of Models are documents. Documents have many of their own built-in instance methods. We may also define our own custom document instance methods. // define a schema const animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String }, { // Assign a function to the "methods" object of our animalSchema through schema options. // By following this approach, there is no need to create a separate TS type to define the type of the instance functions. methods: { findSimilarTypes(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); } } }); // Or, assign a function to the "methods" object of our animalSchema animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); }; Now all of our animal instances have a findSimilarTypes method available to them. const Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema); const dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog' }); dog.findSimilarTypes((err, dogs) => { console.log(dogs); // woof }); Overwriting a default mongoose document method may lead to unpredictable results. See this for more details. The example above uses the Schema.methods object directly to save an instance method. You can also use the Schema.method() helper as described here. Do not declare methods using ES6 arrow functions (=>). Arrow functions explicitly prevent binding this, so your method will not have access to the document and the above examples will not work.

      Certainly! Let's break down the provided code snippets:

      1. What is it and why is it used?

      In Mongoose, a schema is a blueprint for defining the structure of documents within a collection. When you define a schema, you can also attach methods to it. These methods become instance methods, meaning they are available on the individual documents (instances) created from that schema.

      Instance methods are useful for encapsulating functionality related to a specific document or model instance. They allow you to define custom behavior that can be executed on a specific document. In the given example, the findSimilarTypes method is added to instances of the Animal model, making it easy to find other animals of the same type.

      2. Syntax:

      Using methods object directly in the schema options:

      javascript const animalSchema = new Schema( { name: String, type: String }, { methods: { findSimilarTypes(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); } } } );

      Using methods object directly in the schema:

      javascript animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); };

      Using Schema.method() helper:

      javascript animalSchema.method('findSimilarTypes', function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); });

      3. Explanation in Simple Words with Examples:

      Why it's Used:

      Imagine you have a collection of animals in your database, and you want to find other animals of the same type. Instead of writing the same logic repeatedly, you can define a method that can be called on each animal instance to find similar types. This helps in keeping your code DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) and makes it easier to maintain.

      Example:

      ```javascript const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const { Schema } = mongoose;

      // Define a schema with a custom instance method const animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String });

      // Add a custom instance method to find similar types animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); };

      // Create the Animal model using the schema const Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema);

      // Create an instance of Animal const dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog', name: 'Buddy' });

      // Use the custom method to find similar types dog.findSimilarTypes((err, similarAnimals) => { console.log(similarAnimals); }); ```

      In this example, findSimilarTypes is a custom instance method added to the Animal schema. When you create an instance of the Animal model (e.g., a dog), you can then call findSimilarTypes on that instance to find other animals with the same type. The method uses the this.type property, which refers to the type of the current animal instance. This allows you to easily reuse the logic for finding similar types across different instances of the Animal model.

      Certainly! Let's go through each part and explain it in simple terms: ### 1. `this` in Mongoose: - **What is `this`?** In JavaScript, `this` refers to the current context or object. In Mongoose, particularly within methods and middleware functions, `this` represents the instance (document) the function is currently operating on. - **Why is it used?** `this` is used to access and modify the properties of the current document. For example, in a Mongoose method, `this` allows you to refer to the fields of the specific document the method is called on. ### 2. Example: Let's use the `userSchema.pre("save", ...)`, which is a Mongoose middleware, as an example: ```javascript userSchema.pre("save", async function (next) { if (!this.isModified("password")) { next(); } else { this.password = await bcrypt.hash(this.password, 10); next(); } }); ``` - **Explanation in Simple Words:** - Imagine you have a system where users can sign up and set their password. - Before saving a new user to the database, you want to ensure that the password is securely encrypted (hashed) using a library like `bcrypt`. - The `userSchema.pre("save", ...)` is a special function that runs automatically before saving a user to the database. - In this function: - `this.isModified("password")`: Checks if the password field of the current user has been changed. - If the password is not modified, it means the user is not updating their password, so it just moves on to the next operation (saving the user). - If the password is modified, it means a new password is set or the existing one is changed. In this case, it uses `bcrypt.hash` to encrypt (hash) the password before saving it to the database. - The use of `this` here is crucial because it allows you to refer to the specific user document that's being saved. It ensures that the correct password is hashed for the current user being processed. In summary, `this` in Mongoose is a way to refer to the current document or instance, and it's commonly used to access and modify the properties of that document, especially in middleware functions like the one demonstrated here for password encryption before saving to the database.

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