91 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. Mathematics

      Functional Analysis

      Optimization by Vector Space Methods<br /> Lectures and exercises on functional Analysis<br /> Convex Functional Analysis<br /> Functional Analysis for Probability and Stochastic Processes<br /> Abstract Calculus A Categorical Approach <br /> Banach-Hilbert Spaces, Vector Measures and Group Representations

      Differential Geometry

      Clifford algebra, geometric algebra, and applications<br /> Mathematical Structures From Linear Algebra over Rings to Geometry with Sheaves<br /> Diffeology<br /> Global Calculus<br /> Manifolds, Tensor Analysis, and Applications<br /> Manifolds, Sheaves, and Cohomology

      Algebra

      Basic algebra groups, rings and fields<br /> Further Algebra and Application<br /> Abstract Algebra - Paul Garrett.

      Linear Algebra

      Algebra An Approach via Module Theory<br /> Linear Algebra via Exterior Products<br /> Rings, Modules, and Linear Algebra<br /> Modules and Homological Algebra<br /> Module theory an approach to linear algebra<br /> 代数学方法I

      Measure, Probability and Statistics

      A Basic Course in Probability Theory<br /> Probability Theory An Analytic View<br /> Probability and Stochastics<br /> Measure-Theoretic Probability<br /> Measure-Theoretic Calculus in Abstract Spaces<br /> Plane Answers to Complex Questions<br /> Mathematical Statistics<br /> Time Series Theory and Methods<br /> The Coordinate-Free Approach to Linear Models<br /> Multivariate Statistics A Vector Space Approach<br /> hypo

      Logic Category Type

      THE OPEN LOGIC TEXT<br /> Categorical Logic and Type Theory

      Algebraic Topology

      Fundamentals of Algebraic Topology<br /> Algebraic Topology - A Structural Introduction<br /> Homology, Cohomology, and Sheaf<br /> Combinatorial Algebraic Topology<br /> Algebraic Foundations for Applied Topology and Data Analysis<br /> Topology A Categorical Approach<br /> hypo

      Combinatorics and Discrete

      Introduction to the Theory of Species of Structures<br /> Discrete Calculus Methods for Counting<br /> Combinatorics the rota way

    1. 朱苏力教授将基层法院法官的来源分了三类:一是复转军人;二是大专学校毕业生;三是其他地方单位调进的。其实还有一类人苏力教授没有提到,这就是85年(全国法院统一招干)以来历次招干进法院的,这批人约占目前基层法院在编人员的30—40%,而且绝大多数都具有审判职务,是审判岗位上的业务骨干,有的甚至已身担院庭领导职务,成为法院中坚力量的重要组成部分。就笔者所在基层法院而言,部队复转的占20%,大专学校毕业分配或毕业后考入的占9.7%,其他地方单位调进的占15.5%,而85年以来招干进法院的则占39.8%。全院具有助理审判员以上职称的共80人,其中招干进法院的就有33人,占41%。所有上述四类人员组成的基层法官群体,除大专学校的以外,一般在进法院时都不具备任何法律专业的学历,都是在进法院后通过参加各种成人教育来弥补的,而这期间他们仍参与审判着各类案件,在现实和理论的验证与磨合中形成了属于他们自己的审判经验和“地方性知识”,而且确实办了大量案件

      本文似发表于2004-05

  2. Jul 2025
    1. Lean's type theory does not feature subject reduction, the definitional equality is not necessarily transitive, and it is possible to make the type checker fail to terminate.

      See here

  3. Jun 2025
    1. (or context-free)

      Note that by pushing \(A \rightarrow \epsilon\) forwards to the nonterminal symbol that produce \(A\), we have that every context free grammar must have a equivalent grammar that is type 1.

    2. Types of Grammar

      Type 0 Unstricted<br /> Type 1 Monotonicity<br /> Context Sensitive<br /> Type 2 Context Free<br /> Type 3 Regular (Right Linear)

      Right/Left linear grammar are equivalent

    1. Lending is also constrained because banks have to takesteps to mitigate the risks associated with makingadditional loans

      从这个视角看,发放贷款是一种抽象的经济再生产活动,银行要评估风险,借款人要评估还款能力。

    2. 货币是信用是债,银行存款是银行的信用,银行信用由国家信用(监管)保证。

    3. Money can also be destroyed through the issuance oflong-term debt and equity instruments by banks.

      Short term debt -> 流动性 -> 货币<br /> Long term debt -> 无流动性 -> 货币消灭

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  4. May 2025
  5. Apr 2025
    1. .Ii + Ij = R

      In term of congruence, it means \(I_i \vee I_j = R\), which make decomposition map for algebra with permutable congruence surjective

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    1. outer product

      Compare this definition to 1-1 tensor Outer product

    2. The uniqueness of A'

      The uniqueness of adjoint operator lies in that inner product is non-degenerate

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    1. the Flow De-composition Theorem:

      Obtain a max-flow and consider the residual graph

    2. An alternative proof

      My Proof: Based on conservation law, split the network into s, L, R, t with nflow(L) = nflow(R) = 0, nflow(s) = excessive(t) for any split, thus max-flow <= min-cut.

      Given a max-flow, remove an edge and reducing flow value from all down-stream flowing edge repetitively. Eventually total flow value of removed edge must = nflow(s) and it must be a cut (otherwise the original flow can be arugmented and not maximized).

    3. Lemma 8.3. For any A ⊆ V (G) such that s ∈ A, t /∈ A, and any s-t-flow f ,(a) value ( f ) = ∑e∈δ+( A) f (e) − ∑e∈δ−( A) f (e).(b) value ( f ) ≤ ∑e∈δ+( A) u(e)

      Better Proof: The (net) outflow of a set of vertice equal the sum of net flow of each vertice (Just write the forumla) and is thus equal to zero due to conservation law. So nflow(A, s) + nflow(A, V \ A \ s) = 0 the former is = - nflow(s).

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  6. Mar 2025
    1. 超星电子书扒书指南(PDG转PDF)

      超星电子书扒书指南(PDG转PDF)

    1. n 是 l² 中第 n个坐标为 1,其余坐标为 0 的元

      \(l^2\)上的线性泛函若在一族无穷子基上每个向量都有\(f(v) \ge 1\), 则l不是有界的。考虑经典的\(\sum_n \frac{1}{n^2}\)

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    1. so press O and copy it directly using the file manager. Or turn off the metadata writing plugins for the formats you use in Preferences->Plugins.

      Hypothes.is annotation will be lost in this process of editing metadata, so as he says to make sure annotation are kept.

    1. 17-2.9.

      Charge Integration is Well-define

      $$ \begin{array}{r} \text{ By Splitting }A_{i},B_{j},\text{ we have } \ A_{i} \cap B_{j}\text{ is not measure zero } \rightarrow \alpha_i = \beta_j \end{array} $$

    2. Thereforeyu: F” — K is a well-defined extension

      By showing \( \mu \) is not affected by the selection of \(p, q\)

    3. 16-4.7.

      Use the limit structure of \(\mathbb{Q}, \mathbb{R}\) , wecan see that additive property leads to positive linar form

    4. Clearly everypositive linear form is real

      Note \(C - C = F^r \), apply linearity to see the form is indeed real.

    5. 16-3.10.

      Column/Row Decomposition for two family of vector in lattice

    6. (b)

      $$ (x + y)^+ = x^+ + y^+ $$ Link

    7. 16-3.4.

      Meet distribution

    8. imaginary part

      Obviously imaginary part is indeed real (its conguation equal to itself)

    9. (d)

      join and meet operation are compatible with lattice order

    10. 16-2.7. Lemma

      If any one of the following exists, the mid one exist. The equality follows from the fact that the two net are equivalent in cauchy sense.

    11. following calculation:

      The de morgan law apply to minus, join, meet as well

    1. parse it to a table of data.

      A record of data.

    2. In other words, the string "Hello, World" and the output value from echo "Hello, World" are equivalent

      echo is basically identity function. ~> (echo 3) 3 ~> (echo 3) | describe int

    3. Multi-dot shortcuts are available to both internal Nushell filesystem commands as well as to external commands. For example, running ^stat .... on a Linux/Unix system will show that the path is expanded to ../../../..

      In other word, the ... is also a glob. ~> let glob = ("..." | glob $in) ~> $glob ╭───┬─────╮ │ 0 │ C:\ │ ╰───┴─────╯ ~>

    1. 显然,这些元老们希望不惜一切代价保住他们的政治权力和经济特权;只有捍卫社会主义制度,才能维持他们的特殊地位。

      作者主观揣测地认为这些政治人物的决策主要由政治与经济私利驱动的;但同时他不以同样的滤镜审视学生领袖的“民主愿景”。

    2. 或可使国民政府的财政加强到在较早时期就遏制住通货膨胀的地步

      这很不现实

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    1. 6.8 Shortest Paths in a Graph

      The section address Bellman-Ford Algorithm.

      Problem

      In a directed graph, determine whether negative loop exist; if not, find shortest path from s to any node. (In other word, if negative loop exist, shortest path may not be found)

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  7. Feb 2025
    1. Establishes containingblock for both absolutelypositioned children

      The containing block of absolute element must be nonstatic, which is the use of position:relative

    2. when an element has a valuedefined using a length (px, em, rem, and so forth), its computed value is inherited bychild elements.

      So perfer rem for font-size and unitless number for else

    1. the M-actions on finitesets correspond to right admissible equivalences on M of finite index.

      It's yoneda lemma!

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  8. Jan 2025
    1. In the previous stats module, we could haveassigned the mean function to module.exports.mean instead ofexports.mean.

      note that xxx.yyy is required to assign property to exported value

    1. Accessing super.x behaves like Reflect.get(Object.getPrototypeOf(objectLiteral), "x", this), which means the property is always sought on the object literal/class declaration's prototype, and unbinding and re-binding a method won't change the reference of super

      super will remember the object literal it was defined on, so rebinding object won't change the output, but rebinding prototype of object itself or class' prototype can work. Note that when rebinding prototype, it's best to also rebind the class(constructor) function so that static methods are also rebound.

    1. Q1. Previous Brainbow tools work quite well in various applications. Why did the author bother to improve it further?

      Q2. What issues do Brainbow 3.x address? And how did the authors achieve that? (Hint: 6 sentences won’t be able to cover all the improvements that 3.x made. Please describe only two aspects).

      Q3. What is the purpose of making Flpbow? Can you give an example of using it in combination with Brainbow?

    1. It's worth mentioning that javascript a.p = (b.p = c) will set a.p = c, i.e. the return value in b.p setter is meaningless

    1. This sample complexity result admits the following equivalent statement as a gen-eralization bound: for any , δ > 0, with probability at least 1 − δ,R(hS ) ≤ 1m(log |H| + log 1δ).

      \(\epsilon\) here is not necessary. The statement is more precise

    2. false positives

      Positive/Negative stands for whether support the alternative hypothesis, in which case always exist.

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    1. githack is a proxy tool for changing content-type header and is useful with via.hypothes.is for pdf

    1. Positions the dropdownmenu below the togglebutton

      Two alternative css position:absolute bottom: 0; transform: translateY(100%); css /* remove top, bottom simple position:absolute would suffice*/

    2. On the absolutely positioned dropdown-menu, you used left: 0 to align its left sidewith the left side of the dropdown. Then you used top: 2.1em to place its top edgebeneath the label (with the padding and border, the label is about 2.1 em tall). A

      Both are not necessary: absolute without specified value will cause element to appear at its normal flow positon without affecting other.

    3. remove the word close from your markup and replaceit with an ×, but this would introduce an accessibility problem: a

      best practice: use aria-label on the button

    4. inset-inline: 20%

      Percentage for fixed element refer the viewport

    5. Its initial value is auto,

      flex-basis initial value is auto, note short-hand empty set it 0%

  9. Dec 2024
    1. converges uniformly with limit f : E → X if and only if

      For functions whose range is uniform space, the function then thus be defined as uniform space: $$ (f_1 \times f_2) (X) \subseteq U $$ Where \(U\) is entourage. We can apply Moore-Osgood Theorem to such function \( f(x, y) \) if \(f_x \rightrightarrows f\)

    1. inline style

      External <link><br /> Internal head > style<br /> inline <tag style="...">

    2. a selector has more IDs,

      It's actually possible. see Link

    3. hree different types, or origins, of stylesheets

      User-agent, User, author