1,355 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. Experimental evidence sug-gests shading similar to that expected from FPV may lead toincreased phytoplankton biomass and reduced macrophytebiomass,50 though this remains to be tested

      Inferring how primary producers respond to light and shade using experimental data is an example of an experiment-based method.

    2. Using ourmeasured emissions per kWh, we can estimate that at present,FPV-derived GHG emissions from waterbodies are 6.7 GgCO2-eq year−1 (assuming ∼1000 kWh kWp−1). At modeledpractical potential generation of 9434 TWh year−1, FPV-derived waterbody GHG emissions may increase to 24.6 TgCO2-eq year−1.

      It uses a method that scales up global emissions based on measured GHG output per unit of energy (like per kWh).

    3. we estimate a 26.8% increase in greenhouse gasemissions following FPV installation using a carbon dioxide-equivalent basis.

      This sentence explains a method that estimates greenhouse gas emissions using the CO₂-equivalent standard.

    4. Rates of bubble accumulation were similarbetween pond types (p = 0.955; Figure S4A), so any changesin CH4 ebullition associated with FPV installation must havebeen driven by differences in bubble CH4 concentration�indeed, the CH4 concentration in bubble trap headspace inponds with FPV (60.0 ± 4.70% CH4) was nearly twice as highas in ponds without FPV (34.4 ± 4.00% CH4; p < 0.001;Figure S4B).

      Measurement of bubble accumulation rate is an experimental monitoring technique.

    5. Combin-ing measured dissolved gas concentrations and k600 values toestimate diffusive CO2 and CH4 flux, we found that, onaverage, whole-pond diffusive CO2 emissions were 23.6 ±7.50% lower and diffusive CH4 emissions were 17.5 ± 25.1%lower following FPV deployment (Figure 6A and Table S4).

      Diffusive flux calculation through numerical integration is a quantitative modeling method.

    6. Using a BACI approach, we demonstrate that FPV deploymentwith 70% coverage led to increased pond GHG emissionswithin days of deployment, and this effect lasted for weeks tomonths. Increased emissions were driven by greater CH4ebullition which offset reduced diffusive CO2 and CH4emissions in FPV-covered ponds.

      BACI (Before-After Control-Impact) is a classic ecological experimental design.

    7. wecalculated whole-pond diffusive flux, assuming edge area forboth control and treatment ponds was 270 m2, the pond centersurface area for control ponds was 630 m2, pond center surfacearea for treatment ponds was 270 m2 (this subtracts the totalarea of FPV array that is in physical contact with the watersurface), and that fluxes were constant over a 24 h period.

      The method for scaling experimental results to the whole pond is described.

    8. We compared GHG dynamicsbetween ponds with and without FPV using a mixed modelapproach in R Statistical Software following a BACIapproach.

      Descriptions of the statistical analysis methods are provided.

    9. measuring linear rates ofCO2 and CH4 accumulation (or depletion) in a floatingchamber (18.93 L; 0.071 m2 cross-sectional area) connected toa cavity-ringdown spectroscope (Los Gatos, Inc.) for 5 minand collecting surface water and air samples for analysis of CO2and CH4 concentrations from the same location immediatelyafter the 5 min incubation period as described previously

      The measurement approach using floating chambers is described.

    10. Diffusive exchange of dissolved gases between ponds and theatmosphere (mmol m−2 h−1) can be calculated from dissolvedgas concentrations as35k C Cdiffusive flux ( )x water air=where Cwater and Cair indicate the gas concentration (μmol L−1)in the water and atmosphere, respectively

      Equations used to calculate diffusive flux are described.

    11. We calculatedebullitive flux asVebullitive flux CH bubble volumefunnel area time4m= [ ] ×× ×where [CH4] is the concentration of CH4 in the trap (μL L−1)and Vm is the molar volume of gas at standard conditions (22.4L mol−1).

      Specific equations used for calculations are explained.

    12. We deployed passive bubbletrap samplers from May to October 2023 to measure rates ofebullitive CH4 flux.

      The use of bubble traps and how they are utilized is described.

    13. Wecalculated dissolved gas concentrations using constantsdetermined by Weiss32 and Wiesenburg and Guinasso.

      Constants used in calculations and literature-based methods are mentioned.

    14. using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flameionization detector and autosampler (Shimadzu GC 2014).

      The name of the analytical instrument is specifically mentioned.

    15. We sampled for dissolved GHGconcentrations in pond surface water on two occasions in2022, and 14 occasions in 2023 using a headspace equilibrationapproach.

      The headspace equilibration method is described.

    16. We characterized the temperature and dissolved oxygenconcentrations of the water column in each pond using athermistor and an optical dissolved oxygen sensor attached to aManta +35 or a Manta +20 instrument (Eureka Water Probes,Austin, TX).

      Specific instrument and sensor names are explicitly stated.

    17. Floating solar arrays (Ciel etTerre International, France) were deployed on three ponds:the FPV array on pond 124 was constructed from June 15−29,2023, pond 123 from June 29 to July 14, 2023, and pond 125from September 18−28, 2023.

      The source of the installation equipment and the details of the experimental setup are explicitly provided.

    18. Using these measure-ments, we calculated diffusive CO2 and CH4 emissions andcompared total GHG emissions between ponds with andwithout FPV.

      The calculation method and the comparison reference are described.

    19. We measured water column temperature,dissolved oxygen saturation, and dissolved CO2 and CH4concentrations in surface and bottom waters, quantified ratesof CH4 ebullition, and determined treatment-specific air−watergas exchange rates (i.e., k600 values)

      The specific measurement parameters used in the experiment, along with the calculated coefficient k600, are mentioned.

    20. We deployed FPV arrays on constructed ponds at the CornellExperimental Pond Facility in New York, USA in summer2023 (Figure 1). Arrays were designed to maximize powerproduction potential and thus also potential impacts (70%panel coverage)

      The installation method and the design intention of the PV experimental array are specifically described.

    21. Here, we report results from the first two years of anecosystem-scale experiment used to test the effect of FPVdeployment on GHG dynamics and atmospheric GHGexchange in pond

      This sentence presents a method using ecosystem-scale experiments to measure the effect of FPV on GHG exchange.

    22. Here, we usean ecosystem-scale experiment to assess how GHG dynamics in ponds respond toinstallation of operationally representative FPV

      This sentence describes the use of ecosystem-scale experiments as a tool to measure GHG dynamics before and after FPV installation.

    1. . In order to establish the mentionedcountry-specific database, a national strategy should belaunched.

      A methodological proposal for building a database is presented.

    2. The GWP results of the base scenario of this study is 5.24g CO 2 eq/kWh.

      The GWP calculation is an output of tools commonly used in LCA.

    3. Realdata based on monthly energy generation collected from awind farm for a year indicates capacity factors ranging from21 to 64% with an average value of 40%.

      It demonstrates the collection and application of actual measured data.

    4. The results obtained by changing the recycle ratioof metals at EoL are given in Fig. 5.

      An LCA analysis tool was used to derive results under varying conditions.

    5. In this part of the study, two scenarios involving the trans-portation of the main units during the construction phase andthe metal recycling ratios at end-of-life (EoL) are analysed.

      A scenario analysis methodology was employed.

    6. The main uncertainty in thisLCA is the considered amount of recycling in the futureafter decommissioning the wind farm, and the impact of thisuncertainty on the results is handled by performing scenarioanalysis for various recycling ratios.

      Scenario analysis represents a typical methodological approach to addressing the uncertainty inherent in LCA.

    7. Electricity consumption during the manufacturing andinstallation stage is strictly measured by the service providerto determine the cost. Similarly the exact amount of dieselconsumption is obtained from the facility records.

      Measurement and record-based data collection methods are utilized as tools in the study.

    8. The contribution of various phases of life cycle to environ-mental impact categories are shown in Fig. 3.

      Data is derived through visualization of the results obtained from the LCA analysis method.

    9. The LCA study is performed as given in ISO 14040/14044standards (ISO 2006a, b). Therefore, goal and scope defini-tion, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpreta-tion are conducted in an iterative way.

      The LCA implementation procedure, the use of international standards (ISO 14040/14044), and the iterative steps involved describe the specific methodological tools and processes employed in the research.

    10. The objective of this study is to apprise the envi-ronmental impacts of a full-scale wind farm via LCA meth-odology in a cradle to grave scope.

      This sentence outlines the methodological framework of this particular study(LCA over the entire life cycle).

    11. The study by Jianget al. (2018) examines the environmental impacts of gearboxvia LCA.

      Clearly states LCA as the method applied to study a specific component (gearbox), thus demonstrating methodology in practice.

    12. . LCA is used to examine the environ-mental impacts of a wind farm with 76 turbines of 1.5 MWin another study (Ozoemena et al. 2018)

      This explicitly describes the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as the method employed in the cited study.

    13. The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental impacts of a full-scale wind farm using life cycle assessmentmethodology.

      It clearly states the method used in the study (LCA), aligning directly with the “tools and methods” category.

    1. We therefore adviseresearchers to earn trust and foster healthy working relation-ships with Indigenous peoples to determine research prioritiesand agreements long before data collection begins (Lake et al.2017)

      It outlines concrete practices for building trust and setting priorities prior to data collection.

    2. Research design should then unfold in acollaborative and transparent manner, with input from IKholders (Adams et al. 2014

      It clearly explains the collaborative approach in the research design process and the methodological inclusion of IK holders.

    3. At the onsetof collaborative studies, scientists should first develop researchagreements with Indigenous peoples in whatever form islocally appropriate, a step independent of any institutionalethics approvals

      It presents specific methodological procedures that must be undertaken during the early stages of research, such as the establishment of research agreements.

    4. McBride et al. (2017) usedParticipatory Geographic Information Systems that drew uponand analyzed IK observations from Indigenous peoples acrossthe US related to fuel load, forest type, and burn severity.

      It is a specific example of tool use that combines GIS technology with IK.

    5. trackers could provideauxiliary natural history data whereas radio tracking waslimited solely to data on movement.

      It compares the types of data each method can collect, highlighting the advantages of IK-based tools.

    6. Attum et al. (2008) demon-strated that estimates of Egyptian tortoise (Testudo klein-manni) home ranges in North Sinai, Egypt, derived fromradio telemetry were in agreement with estimates byIndigenous people, who tracked tortoises on foot,

      It presents a specific methodological comparison between two tools: radio telemetry and direct tracking.

    7. In the example mentioned above,Riedlinger and Berkes (2001) also described how Inuit observa-tions and hypotheses of climate change in northern Canadacould account for multiple interacting variables and ecologicalcomplexity, such as climate variability and sea-ice break up.

      The approach of using observation and hypothesis to explain complex system variables reflects a methodological aspect.

    8. Similarly, Bonta et al. (2017) testedhypotheses about how fire-foraging raptors in tropicalsavannas in Australia could deliberately spread wildfires bycarrying burning sticks to unburned areas to flush outpotential prey species.

      It outlines an experimental research method in which hypotheses derived from IK are scientifically tested.

    9. For instance,Riedlinger and Berkes (2001) detailed contexts in whichInuit developed hypotheses based on their own observa-tions, such as the prediction that increased winterkill ofcommon eiders (Somateria mollissima) would follow irregu-lar sea-ice conditions.

      It describes a specific methodological example of hypothesis formation based on observation by the Inuit.

    10. Polfus et al. (2014) developed habitatmodels for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)based on IK from the Taku River Tlingit First Nation ofnorthern British Columbia, and showed a high degree ofsimilarity between resource selection functions (RSF) thatestimated habitat use derived from IK and collared caribou.

      It describes a specific methodology involving the development of a habitat model using IK. / It utilizes place-based information about habitats in a specific region (northern British Columbia).

    11. Long-termobservations by Indigenous peoples amountsto monitoring of species and ecosystems,which carries abundant potential for rapidand sensitive detection of contemporary eco-logical changes (Berkes et al. 2007; Serviceet al. 2014; Thompson et al. 2019)

      It points out that IK itself functions as a long-term monitoring tool.

    12. Catley (2006) found agreement in diseaseidentification and diagnostic criteria between Indigenouspastoralists and veterinarians in their independentapproaches in monitoring livestock health. TranslatingIndigenous terms into a format recognizable by veterinari-ans, and vice-versa, enhanced livestock surveillance systemsby providing culturally relevant disease diagnostic criteriafor use in rural areas.

      It specifically addresses the harmonization of diagnostic criteria as a methodological approach.

    13. Polfuset al. (2016) described how the Sahtú Dene and Métis peo-ples of northern Canada distinguished among geneticallydifferent populations of boreal, mountain, and barren-ground caribou based on unique behaviors, habitat prefer-ences, and morphology, with subsequent genetic analysesproviding evidence of distinct caribou subpopulation struc-ture that aligned with Dene classifications.

      The classification through IK is shown to align with scientific genetic analysis, representing a tool-based integration.

    14. distribution of non-invasive hair snares from which datawere subsequently used in a DNA-based capture–recaptureanalysis.

      It incorporates field-based knowledge into research design and uses non-invasive methods (e.g., hair snares), as well as place-based information about specific habitat areas.

    15. Housty et al. (2014) developed andapplied a monitoring program for grizzlybears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in HaíɫzaqvTerritory (coastal British Columbia), explic-itly guided by the Gvi’ilas (customary law) ofthe Haíɫzaqv people.

      It mentions the development of a specific monitoring program and the tools on which its design is based, such as the Gvi’ilas law.

    16. While often used on its own or in parallel to science, IK is alsoincreasingly interwoven with data collected via the scientificmethod, and vice versa (that is, scientific methods are incorpo-rated into contemporary processes underlying IK generation).

      The explanation that a convergence is occurring between scientific methods and IK addresses the intersection between different methodologies.

    17. . IK is often augmented with contemporary obser-vations and experiences that refine accumulated knowledge andallow for flexibility and adaptability in the context of environ-mental and social change.

      The process of modifying and adapting existing knowledge through modern observation and experience clearly pertains to tools and methods.

    18. Thevaried contributions of IK stem from long periods of observation, interaction, and experimentation with species, ecosystems, andecosystem processes.

      The process of forming IK is based on observation, interaction, and experimentation, which describes the methodology of knowledge creation.

    1. The study offers some bright sides for floating solar: When comparing floating solar to terrestrial solar in total emissions cost, from site development to maintenance and disposal

      It explains the scope of the comparative study (from development to disposal), thereby illustrating the category of evaluation methods.

    2. This is the first manipulative study to produce empirical results.

      It states that a manipulative study was conducted.

    3. Grodsky and collaborators covered three ponds at the Cornell Experimental Pond Facility with solar panels, at 70% coverage, and found that, almost immediately, methane and carbon dioxide emissions

      This sentence provides a detailed explanation of the experimental method, including the experimental site (Cornell Experimental Pond), experimental conditions (70% panel installation), and measurement indicators.

    1. Housty et al. (2014) developed andapplied a monitoring program for grizzlybears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in HaíɫzaqvTerritory (coastal British Columbia), explic-itly guided by the Gvi’ilas (customary law) ofthe Haíɫzaqv people. The approach combinedHaíɫzaqv cultural values with their knowl-edge of bears, salmon, and people in animportant large watershed.

      It mentions the development of a specific monitoring program and the tools on which its design is based, such as the Gvi’ilas law.

    2. While often used on its own or in parallel to science, IK is alsoincreasingly interwoven with data collected via the scientificmethod, and vice versa (that is, scientific methods are incorpo-rated into contemporary processes underlying IK generation).

      The explanation that a convergence is occurring between scientific methods and IK addresses the intersection between different methodologies.

    3. . IK is often augmented with contemporary obser-vations and experiences that refine accumulated knowledge andallow for flexibility and adaptability in the context of environ-mental and social change.

      The process of modifying and adapting existing knowledge through modern observation and experience clearly pertains to tools and methods.

    4. Thevaried contributions of IK stem from long periods of observation, interaction, and experimentation with species, ecosystems, andecosystem processes.

      The process of forming IK is based on observation, interaction, and experimentation, which describes the methodology of knowledge creation.

    1. A qualitative research was em-ployed by reviewing papers in the scope of the study.

      It specifies a methodology for reviewing papers using qualitative research methods.

    2. Renewable energy reduces energy imports and contributediversification of the portfolio of supply options and reduce an economy’s vulnerability to price vola-tility and represent opportunities to enhance energy security across the globe.

      The explanation of energy supply portfolio diversification represents a structural approach to the energy supply system through renewable energy.

    3. Distributed grids based on the renewable energy are generally more competitive in rural areaswith significant distances to the national grid and the low levels of rural electrification offer substan-tial openings for renewable energy-based mini-grid systems to provide them with electricity access

      This sentence presents an approach using distributed power grid technologies based on renewable energy.

    4. The change in total GHG emissions in European EnvironmentalAgency (EEA) countries for 1990–2012 and their GHG emissions per capita are depicted in Figures 2and 3.

      It presents specific figures on greenhouse gas emission changes and demonstrates the methodology to track them.

    5. Wind turbines convert the energy of wind into electricity.

      It explains the method of electricity generation using wind, specifically describing the conversion tools and technologies.

    6. Solar energy technology is obtained from solar irradiance to generate electricity using photo-voltaic (PV) (Asumadu-Sarkodie & Owusu, 2016d) and concentrating solar power (CSP), to producethermal energy, to meet direct lighting needs and, potentially, to produce fuels that might be usedfor transport and other purposes

      Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) are explicitly mentioned as direct technological means.

    7. Heat is mined from geothermal reservoirs using wells and other means.

      It explains specific methods for extracting geothermal resources.

    8. water is drained from lakes and watercourses andtransported through channels over large distances and to pipelines and finally to the turbines thatare often visible, but they may also go through mountains by created tunnels inside them

      This sentence explains the flow path and method of water for hydropower generation, describing the methodology for constructing hydropower facilities and directing water movement.

    9. Turbines are constructed for an optional flow of water

      Since this sentence refers to the attempt to achieve efficiency through the introduction of technical methods such as hydropower facility design (turbine design), it falls under tools and methods.

    10. Fortunately, the continuous technological advances in computer hard-ware and software are permitting scientific researchers to handle these optimization difficulties usingcomputational resources applicable to the renewable and sustainable energy field

      This sentence addresses a method of solving problems using computer hardware, software, and optimization techniques. Since it mentions the use of computational resources to address “optimization difficulties,” it falls under tools and methods.

    1. Grodsky and collaborators covered three ponds at the Cornell Experimental Pond Facility with solar panels, at 70% coverage, and found that, almost immediately, methane and carbon dioxide emissions

      This sentence provides a detailed explanation of the experimental method, including the experimental site (Cornell Experimental Pond), experimental conditions (70% panel installation), and measurement indicators.

    2. This is the first manipulative study to produce empirical results.

      It states that a manipulative study was conducted.

    3. The study offers some bright sides for floating solar: When comparing floating solar to terrestrial solar in total emissions cost, from site development to maintenance and disposal

      It explains the scope of the comparative study (from development to disposal), thereby illustrating the category of evaluation methods.

    1. A qualitative research was em-ployed by reviewing papers in the scope of the study.

      It specifies a methodology for reviewing papers using qualitative research methods.

    2. Distributed grids based on the renewable energy are generally more competitive in rural areaswith significant distances to the national grid and the low levels of rural electrification offer substan-tial openings for renewable energy-based mini-grid systems to provide them with electricity access

      This sentence presents an approach using distributed power grid technologies based on renewable energy.

    3. Renewable energy reduces energy imports and contributediversification of the portfolio of supply options and reduce an economy’s vulnerability to price vola-tility and represent opportunities to enhance energy security across the globe.

      The explanation of energy supply portfolio diversification represents a structural approach to the energy supply system through renewable energy.

    4. The change in total GHG emissions in European EnvironmentalAgency (EEA) countries for 1990–2012 and their GHG emissions per capita are depicted in Figures 2and 3.

      It presents specific figures on greenhouse gas emission changes and demonstrates the methodology to track them.

    5. Wind turbines convert the energy of wind into electricity.

      It explains the method of electricity generation using wind, specifically describing the conversion tools and technologies.

    6. Heat is mined from geothermal reservoirs using wells and other means.

      It explains specific methods for extracting geothermal resources.

    7. Solar energy technology is obtained from solar irradiance to generate electricity using photo-voltaic (PV) (Asumadu-Sarkodie & Owusu, 2016d) and concentrating solar power (CSP), to producethermal energy, to meet direct lighting needs and, potentially, to produce fuels that might be usedfor transport and other purposes

      Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) are explicitly mentioned as direct technological means.

    8. water is drained from lakes and watercourses andtransported through channels over large distances and to pipelines and finally to the turbines thatare often visible, but they may also go through mountains by created tunnels inside them

      This sentence explains the flow path and method of water for hydropower generation, describing the methodology for constructing hydropower facilities and directing water movement.

    9. Turbines are constructed for an optional flow of water

      Since this sentence refers to the attempt to achieve efficiency through the introduction of technical methods such as hydropower facility design (turbine design), it falls under tools and methods.

    10. Fortunately, the continuous technological advances in computer hard-ware and software are permitting scientific researchers to handle these optimization difficulties usingcomputational resources applicable to the renewable and sustainable energy field

      This sentence addresses a method of solving problems using computer hardware, software, and optimization techniques. Since it mentions the use of computational resources to address “optimization difficulties,” it falls under tools and methods.

    1. In the US, you can get one hundred 4" mascara brushes for around $5. Eye Tees (cottton swabs with a firm point on one end and a flat tip on the other) cost roughly the same. You'll find them at most beauty supply stores or online. These get into tight spaces. Dipped in mineral spirits (or whichever solvent you've come to like), the brush gets the stuff loose and the Tee wipes it away. Blasting air helps as well. Works for me. Others will have other ideas.

      via u/scmowner

      https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1jyr2hc/the_best_way_to_get_rid_of_all_this_gunk/

      Colloquial advice to use 4" mascara brushes as a replacement for a segment pick for cleaning out typewriters.

  2. Mar 2025
  3. Feb 2025
    1. Having a beautiful website isn’t enough anymore. It's about functionality, ease of use, and the ability to integrate easily with different tools enhancing the user experience. For all the developers and designers, webflow is the best choice for building a website, and that too without writing a single code. Webflow has gathered a vibrant community along with many SAAS tools. All the webflow development service comes with many plugins and integrations, all with the sole purpose of making the development process efficient and productive.

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  4. Jan 2025
    1. Virtual Hermans - Lucas Dul

      Lucas Dul does an overview of affordable and available tools for typewriter repair as well as more advanced

      Basic Tools

      • screwdriver sets
        • Carpenter screwdrivers (come to a point) the point can slip and causecam out screws
        • Hollow ground - provide the most amount of torque and prevent cam-out problems (also called gunsmith He uses the 0623 Chapman set (the number is the date of international typewriter day) The large tip can be problematic
        • long reach screwdriver
        • magnetic screwdriver
        • tempered stainless steel ruler (as a screwdriver, especially
        • microdrivers (usually used for eyeglasses or electronics)
      • spring hooks (push/pull)
        • Fixture from an embroidery set with length for getting length
        • grab hooks
      • pliers
        • standard needle nose pliers
        • 45-90 degree pliers (he uses more often)
        • wire cutters (for modifying springs in machines and modifying links in machines)
        • parallel draw pieces (with heavy duty cutters)
      • Mechanics' wrench set
        • prefer cast ones
        • socket screwdrivers (fixed hex screwdriver) expecially for shift adjustment on the Royal Ps
        • Chapman's has a mini rachet 1/4" socket in it's 0623 set
      • Forceps especially a long pair for IBM Selectrics (via Duane Jensen)
      • Tweezers
      • Blowtorches
        • alcohol torches (for heating and bending metal)
        • soldering, brazing, and heat shrinking
        • small butane torch (cigarette lighter use)
      • Oilers with needlepoint applicator (he uses sewing machine oil)
        • One can use the surface tension of the oil to place a dot on the tip of a scewdriver (flat head) and then place the dot within a machine with reasonable precision
      • MIG Pliers - have cutouts for taking rubber off of old feedrollers (otherwise these pliers are used for welding); he describes it as the nutcracker of the typewriter world
      • strap wrench (especially for removing platen knobs to prevent damage)
      • knife (butter knife)
        • razor blade for trimming rubber (otherwise too thin for other applications)
      • flashlight (simple is fine)
      • marker (Sharpie)
        • marking orientation of removed parts (washes off with alcohol)
      • hammer
      • retainer clip pliers (especially for IBMs, Brothers, Swintecs) with spare e- and c-clips (some have thumbscrews for minimizing damage to clips) openers are more useful than "closers"
      • Bristol wrenches - looks like Allen Keys, but with star cross section for bristol locks in IBM machines
      • Hand crank (for IBM Selectrics) thread into the operational cam shaft

      Intermediate Tools

      • segment bearing rod (good for removing individual typebars)
      • drinking straw for ball bearings on royal portables and S-C portables and flat tops staggered 1/2" ball bearings with orbital gear (star-shaped) - snip opposite sides to insert orbital ring and ball bearing for holding and placement in typewriter
      • carpenter's pencil for marking

      Advanced/Specialty tools

      • t-bender for forming metal (exp. thin pieces)
      • 9 jaw pliers for bending typebars
      • peening pliers (for manipulating and stretching materials)
      • wheel benders (he doesn't use often)
      • eyelete tool for putting eyelets in typewritter ribbon
      • files (small/cheap) widen gaps inside of type guides when necessary or thinning out tight pieces

      Very specialized

      • Type slug solder jig or solder guide (30:52)
      • keyring pliers ($400 and above to purchase)
      • multimeter for checking circuit components on electric models. Primarily using Ohm setting to see if current is passing through parts, otherwise they're broken.

      Honorable mentions

      • center punch for drilling points and new screws
      • dental mirror for looking into machines
      • spring gauge to set 2lbs for desktop and 1lb for portables

      Q&A

      air compressors are useful for cleaning

      Don't damage screws on older machines.

      US used imperial screws until 1940/50s and machines after are all metric.

      3 dessert island tools<br /> - screwdrivers, pliers, spring hook

  5. Dec 2024
  6. Nov 2024
    1. Just this week I co-facilitated such a process in Colombia, last week in Brazil at the pre-opening events in Rio (G20), and also with other colleagues earlier this year in Chile (cross-sector), and in Indonesia (with the newly elected government and cabinet).

      for - Indyweb dev - Presencing Institute - U-lab - natural application - weaving together these subnets with mindplexes via open source SRG complexity mapping tools in the Indyweb

    1. Start of an outline for a longer article on typewriter tools<br /> Suggested by reply to u/Confident_Avocado768 at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1gy25og/christmas_gift_help/


      If they've been doing restoration for a while, try to find out what they already have to avoid duplication. Anyone who's done a few machines is likely to have a lifetime supply of lubricant (it really goes a long way) and is likely to have gone well beyond cotton swabs. The sort of kit you mention would be more appropriate to someone who's recently gotten their first typewriter, not someone who has restored more than a machine or two.

      Chances are that you can up the level of their restoration tool bag with a small handful of inexpensive and easy to source options:

      • oiler bottles for solvents/cleaning
      • spring hook (push)
      • spring hook (pull)
      • spring hook (captive)
      • wiping cloths (cotton)
      • nylon, brass, and steel brushes (example; 2 or 3 sets of these are always useful)
      • high quality wool mats make a great (soft) surface for working on machines (as well as for typing on). Here's some details and a link to a well-recommended one.

      I've documented some of my own versions of these with links at https://boffosocko.com/2024/08/11/adding-to-my-typewriter-toolset/

      Slightly more expensive tools that they may not have:

      If you really want to shoot the moon and they're into the older vintage machines, you could get them a new pair of keyring pliers: http://mytypewriter.com/hello-qwerty-typewriter-keyring-pliers-kit.aspx

      You can also browse Lucas Dul's kit for other ideas via this presentation: https://virtualhermans.com/lucas-dul

      Good luck and Merry Christmas! 🪛🛠️🎅🏼🎄

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    1. Gerren HotRod TypewriterCoChris Aldrich this is the mat I use. It's $15 and it's soaked up 5 years of everything I do and it still looks like the day I bought it.

      Gerren of the HotRod Typewriter Co. uses a 17" x 13.5" Wool Pressing mat from the Zomoneti Store on Amazon for his typewriter repair set up https://amzn.to/3CkQS4V

    1. “We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us,” said Sir Winston Churchill in his speech to the meeting in the House of Lords, October 28, 1943, requesting that the House of Commons bombed out in May 1941 be rebuilt exactly as before.

      Is there a document/source?

    1. So look for this blog to become something like Cory Doctorow’s Memex Method, a commonplace book as a public database — though I prefer to call it the Mathom-house Method. There will be more posts here, I think. But for heaven’s sake if you don’t like, or don’t agree with, or otherwise disapprove of something I quote, don’t send me an email about it.

      I always thought that Alan Jacobs blogging practice was a method of commonplacing and digital publishing all rolled up into one. Nice to see him lay out some of his thinking and method here.

  7. Oct 2024
    1. Typewriter Basics: Carriage Locks by [[Sarah Everett]] of [[Just My Typewriter]]

      Sarah describes having a common spacebar issue when repairing a typewriter, bending the spacebar down which causes the machine not to work/advance as a result when it's put back into the typewriter shell.

      Sarah also shows some type bar benders, but doesn't demonstrate how she (or her father) used them to do the repair.

    1. Any ordinary light machineoil will do, but regular typewriter or spermoil is best. Apply it sparingly—as much aswill cling to the end of a toothpick will do—and wipe off all excess.

      toothpick as a typewriter tool

    1. Royal Quiet DeLuxe Typewriter Complete Total Body Removal by [[The HotRod Typewriter Co.]]

      Gerren uses a Weaver gunsmith screwdriver set for most of his screwdriver needs. [5:00]

      On the newer QDLs two of the screws for removing the rear plate are accessible from the top underneath the carriage instead of all on the rear.

      The screws for the front body plate can be loosened and don't need to be fully removed to take the body plate off of the machine.

    1. emust bewareofacertaincrazeforcollectingwhich sometimestakespossessionofthosewhomakenotes.Theywanttohaveafullnotebookorfilingcabinet;theyareinahurrytoputsomethingintheemptyspaces,andtheyaccumulatepassagesasotherpeoplefillstamp and postcard albums.Thatisadeplorablepractice;itisasortofchild-ishness,andrisksbecomingamania. Orderisanecessity, butitmustserveus,notweit.Toin-dulge obstinatelyinaccumulatingandcompletingistoturn one’smindaway from producingandeyen from learning; excessive attentiontoclassifi-cation interferes withuse;nowinthisconnectioneverything mustbesubordinatedtothegoodofthework.

      If you collect everything, you collect nothing.

    1. he English education does notencourage learners to think. They are generally told toreproduce the ideas of others, and, unless the questioncomes straight out of the Text-book, they often findthemselves quite unable to answer it.

      This statement follows the broad thesis that imitation is far easier than innovation.

    1. https://www.amsterdamtypewriter.com/en-us/products/typewriter-care-kit-diy

      Amsterdam Typewriter's kit contains all the following essentials:<br /> * Brass wire brush (for cleaning the typeface) * Natural bristled brush (general cleaning purposes) * Microfiber cotton cloth (for polishing, gentle to paint) * New ribbon (black, red or black or purple color) * 3 compact cotton tissues (disposable, soak in cleaner or mild soap solution to clean typewriter) * Alcohol spray for cleaning (removes ink, oxidation, stains, surface rust) * Deodorizing spray (for disinfection and removing odor from cases and felt lining) * 10 Special cotton buds with long reach (do not leave cotton strings behind) * Our miracle polishing paste (wonderfully revives paint, also polishes on metal, paint, glass, fiberglass, plastic) * Leather rolling pouch for carrying * Comfy cotton bag for storage * Checklist for cleaning * Copy of manual with tips on cleaning of your typewriter and detailed steps

    1. Beyond the cards mentioned above, you should also capture any hard-to-classify thoughts, questions, and areas for further inquiry on separate cards. Regularly go through these to make sure that you are covering everything and that you don’t forget something.I consider these insurance cards because they won’t get lost in some notebook or scrap of paper, or email to oneself.

      Julius Reizen in reviewing over Umberto Eco's index card system in How to Write a Thesis, defines his own "insurance card" as one which contains "hard-to-classify thoughts, questions, and areas for further inquiry". These he would keep together so that they don't otherwise get lost in the variety of other locations one might keep them

      These might be akin to Ahrens' "fleeting notes" but are ones which may not easily or even immediately be converted in to "permanent notes" for one's zettelkasten. However, given their mission critical importance, they may be some of the most important cards in one's repository.

      link this to - idea of centralizing one's note taking practice to a single location

      Is this idea in Eco's book and Reizen is the one that gives it a name since some of the other categories have names? (examples: bibliographic index cards, reading index cards (aka literature notes), cards for themes, author index cards, quote index cards, idea index cards, connection cards). Were these "officially" named and categorized by Eco?

      May be worthwhile to create a grid of these naming systems and uses amongst some of the broader note taking methods. Where are they similar, where do they differ?


      Multi-search tools that have full access to multiple trusted data stores (ostensibly personal ones across notebooks, hard drives, social media services, etc.) could potentially solve the problem of needing to remember where you noted something.

      Currently, in the social media space especially, this is not a realized service.

  8. Sep 2024
    1. They open up new possibilities for building a decentralised social Semantic Web of Knowledge.

      QUERY What are the 20204 tools that have caught up with the vision

    1. What do you mean with Zettelkasten ratchet? I am too unfamiliar with the word ratchet to really understand the meaning.[9:46 AM] Or if someone else has an idea and can help me out

      The additional "hidden context" is that the rachet/gear seen in many of these diagrams is usually attached to a radial spring (or some other device) which, as it is wound, stores energy which is later used by the bigger device in which the rachet and pawl are encased. Examples include the stem of watches, which when wound, store energy which the watch later uses to run as it counts the seconds. Another example is the mainspring of a typewriter which is attached to a ratchet/pawl set up; when you push the carriage to the right, the spring gets wound up and stores energy which is slowly expended by the escapement a space or a letter at a time as you type. In the zettelkasten analogy, the box and numbered cards placed in it act as the pawl (the wedge that prevents backward movement), as you add more and more information, you're storing/building up "potential energy" in small bits. This "stored energy" can be spent at a later time by allowing you to more easily write an article, paper, book, etc. In some sense, the zettelkasten (as most tools do) allows you a "mechanical advantage" in the writing process over trying to remember everything you've ever read and then relying on your ability to spit it all back out in a well-ordered manner.


      reply to Muhammed Ali at https://discord.com/channels/992400632390615070/992400632776507447/1286577013439594497

      continuation of https://hypothes.is/a/GTPIPnYiEe-GTUu4YcdeAQ

  9. Aug 2024
    1. I have it too, and I'm not a fan. it only contains imperial bits. So you can't use it on any brand from the European mainland, that have metric screws. They break when you over torque them, instead of the screw. That's good with very old machines. What is bad us that they only provide one of the smallest bit which is most prone to breaking. And also I have many typewriters with even thinner slots on the slotted screws. the bit holder is very fat, making it very difficult to use in narrow spaces. And typewriters have a lot of those. You're better off with a gunsmithing set from Wheeler or Weaver. This is the one I ended up buying: https://www.weaveroptics.com/gunsmithing-tools/driver-and-hammer-sets/multi-bit-tool-kit/WV-849718.html

      via u/Private_Bonkers

      the cons of the Chapman 0623 screwdriver set for typewriter repair

    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixedink

      MixedInk was a startup that provided web-based, collaborative writing software enabling large groups of people to create text that expresses a collective opinion, such as a mission statement, editorial, political platform, open letter or product review.

    1. Tools of the typewriter trade by [[Retrotype]]

      Excellent overview of many of the basic tools for typewriter repair. Didn't have the strongest grasp of all the tools' specific names, but good enough for describing their general use cases.

      Example of a typewriter toolset including a case made for telephone company repair, but which works with typewriters.

      • Shore A durometer gauge
      • nylon fishing/picture hanging wire spec to 25kg (for drawband replacement)
      • thick waxed string/yarn for repairing fishing nets (for drawbands)
      • nitrile gloves (to prevent staining, issues with mineral spirits, and other caustic chemicals)
      • XPower pressure blower for blowing out dust/dirt and mineral spirits. (smaller than an air compressor)
      • nail grooming set with tweezers, picks, etc. (not technically necessary, but sometimes useful)
      • dental tools (for use as spring hooks)
      • Renaissance micro-crystalline wax (non-corrosive, made for British Museum, good on marble, wood, leather, etc. Good on bare metal for treating previously rusted metal. (It's recommended to use an abrasive polish for improving the shine of glossy paint however)
      • Pouch and set of precision screwdrivers (he only uses the flatheads though the set includes other) Prefer hollow ground tips which are squared off rather than wedges.
      • Chapman bit set of screwdrivers (with hollow ground tips) He prefers these for hard to remove screws. Issue that it's a bit thicker at the tip.
      • Liquid wrench penetrating oil for helping to loosen screws (he likes this better than WD-40)
      • brash wire brushes
      • steel wire brushes (uses less frequently as they're more abrasive)
      • pouch of precision wrenches (imperial and metric) his are bladed, Moody tools wrenches (mfg.) prefer the thinnest tips
      • microfiber cloths
      • jig for soldering typeslugs on typearms
      • pouch with various typewriter specific pliers:
        • 3 prong pliers (total of 9 prongs) for making bends/forming typebars (especially making bends in the middle of bars rather than the end.;
        • peening bend pliers;
        • bending pliers for sideways bends esp. with thinner typebars;
        • vertical adjustment pliers (with rollers) not good for making adjustments of 3mm or more;
        • forming pliers with screws on the end to rotate heads for bending, peening and cutting;
        • peening pliers (bending by metal displacement)
      • Magnetized screwdrivers
      • forceps
      • screw grabber (active capture)
      • spring hooks (push/pull)
      • nylon brushes for dusting
      • needle nose pliers
      • t-bender with slotted head for forming metal
      • small bottles for mineral spirits and sewing machine oil. They have small metal tips for precision application.
    1. This manual suggest using a knitting needle with a bent tip to assist as both a spring hook for pulling springs as well as for pulling drawbands back through typewriter carriages.

    1. “Man is a Tool-using Animal (Handthierendes Thier). Weakin himself, and of small stature, he stands on a basis, at mostfor the flattest-soled, of some half square-foot, insecurelyenough; has to straddle out his legs, lest the very windsupplant him. Feeblest of bipeds! Three quintals are acrushing load for him; the Steer of the meadow tosses himaloft, like a waste rag. Nevertheless he can use Tools, candevise Tools: with these the granite mountain melts intolight dust before him; he kneads glowing iron, as if it weresoft paste; seas are his smooth highway, winds and fire hisunwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without Tools;without Tools he is nothing, with Tools he is all.”

      often shortened to:

      Man is a Tool-using Animal... Nowhere do you find him without Tools; without Tools he is nothing, with Tools he is all.”

      Link to:<br /> - Thoreau https://hypothes.is/a/vooPrPkwEe2r_4MIb6tlFw - Culkin https://hypothes.is/a/6Znx6MiMEeu3ljcVBsKNOw

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. Typewriter Tool Kit from the DOLLAR TREE by [[Just My Typewriter]]

      Overview of cheap tools for typewriters available at Dollar Tree and similar dollar stores.

      • microfiber cloths
      • q-tips
      • LA's Totally Awesome cleaner
      • Silly Putty
      • toothbrushes
      • allen wrenches
      • wire bristle brushes
      • hook and pick kit
      • screwdrivers and sets
      • extendable mini mirror
      • rubber gloves
      • flashlights
      • magnets to hold screws
  10. Jul 2024
    1. Does anyone here use a purpose made typewriter desk? How do you like it? Alternatively, has anyone tried one and found it wasn't for them?

      I've used the small typewriter tables with drop sides and wheels before. I appreciate their small size and ability to move around. I'm actively looking for a new one at the moment. (I sold the original 20 years ago when downsizing during a move between apartments and prior to restarting my collection.)

      I currently use a dual pedestal desk and and usually have my typewriters on the pull out writing drawers. This drops the typewriter an inch and makes one's typing position (27" off the floor) much more comfortable than having the typewriter higher up 29-31" for most modern desks and tables.

      I have tested a pedestal desk with a spring-loaded typewriter platform that moves up and out of the desk after opening a door. This was an excellent experience, and if I find another, I will surely purchase it. The tough part is that they take up a lot of space as the internal desk space is given entirely to hiding the typewriter when not in use. They're definitely great if you have a heavy 30+ pound standard typewriter that's not so mobile.

      The third type are wooden desks with two desk height levels. One for traditional desk work and a second lower one as the typewriter platform. The lower height is obviously much more ergonomic for typing for long periods. On most of these desks, the inset typewriter space is most often given completely over for the typewriter to be there permanently. If your plan is to only have a typewriter, then jump, but their use is more difficult if you're sharing that space with a computer and need to move the two back and forth regularly. Additionally, the wooden desks have either permanent cut outs or can be flipped over to hide the cutout and make the entire desk space flush when the typewriter isn't in use. You'll have to use your own gut to decide which of these two might be best for you. I recently saw a reasonable version of a convertible wooden desk at https://abqtypers.substack.com/p/convertible-typewriter-desk

      I find these pop up pretty regularly in the $200-500 range. Often owners don't want them because they don't use typewriters, and they don't move easily, so they're likely to come down in price pretty quickly/easily.

    1. Sometimes the most important thing about a tool is not that it accomplishes its purpose—like every other typewriter will—, but how much you enjoy using it.<br /> —Lucas Dul, in The IBM Personal Typewriter and the Selectric 1 - IBMs Two Smallest Typewriters, timestamp 10:28

    1. What are the must have tools for a maintenance of a typewriter, some tools you recommend, some that make maintenance a little bit easier

      reply to u/riatai69 at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1e3c0zy/tools_for_a_deep_maintenance/

      You can do a tremendous amount with just a few things:

      • thin Philips screwdriver with a small magnet to hold/catch screws
      • small adjustable wrench
      • bottle of Simple Green (or other mild cleaner)
      • can of mineral spirits (naphtha, paint thinner, varnish remover, PB B'laster etc.) with a standard/cheap restaurant refillable ketchup/mustard squeeze bottle
      • Toothbrush (and/or brass bristle brush)
      • canned air
      • a piece of string (useful for reattaching some pieces without more specialized tools, and particularly for reattaching springs)
      • light machine oil (gun or sewing machine) for very lightly oiling your carriage rails
      • YouTube for watching lots of typewriter repair videos

      If you want to go higher end and do a lot more

      • a set of spring hooks with push/pull ends
      • full set of small wrenches
      • more custom screw drivers
      • a nice thick felt pad (approx 15" x 15" x 1/2"+ for having a place to sit your typewriter on without scratching it up)
      • a small lazy susan big enough to set your typewriter on to more easily manipulate it
      • air compressor (to replace your canned air)
      • bins and trays for storing typewriter parts and screws while you're taking them apart and putting back together
      • a set up for spraying down/washing out typewriters (DIY ideas include paint roller trays or plastic milk crates as a base and plastic bins for catching the run off)
      • wiping cloths or similar cloth rags for wiping things down

      If you want to go crazy

      • Keyring pliers
      • set up for respooling ribbon from 330+ yard spools
      • The Manual Typewriter Repair Bible https://typewriterrepairbible.com/ as well as various other repair manuals and all the tools listed within them.
      • storage shelving for 100+ typewriters
      • a small collection of machines for parting out
      • an 800+ square foot workshop space
      • a publisher for you book about typewriters

      When you're really ready for full-on insanity

    1. https://once.com/writebook

      Writebook<br /> Instantly publish your own books on the web for free, no publisher required.

      ᔥ[[Evan Hildreth]] in Downloaded 37Signals’ Writebook at 2024-07-04 (accessed:: 2024-07-04 08:29 AM)

      Downloaded 37Signals’ Writebook because free. I might try to run it locally as a Scrivener replacement, but I’m bristling at the thought of running a full Rails app on the server for what should be static files.

    1. The Early History of Counting is a great article focusing on how long humanity has been offloading its brain, which makes me feel way less awkward about taking so many notes and using fancy tools like calculators and LLMs. Ancient philosophers like Socrates complained about books making people lazy because of not doing oral memorization anymore, which solved into people complaining about computers. Stone Age cavemen probably complained about people offloading their number sense onto tally sticks.

      makes me think of tools that extend parts of ourselves. terms like "second brain" or "pkms"

    1. Type Shop, Ep. 15: The Ultimate Keyring Toolset Guide by [[Typewriter Chicago]]

      Charles Gu's new keyring pliers for about $500 for a set are as good as if not better than vintage tools. In particular the new rubber pieces seem to help protect from breaking the original glass key tops which will then require replacement.

  11. Jun 2024
  12. May 2024
    1. A few cautionsinstructors would be wise to keep in mind

      list of cautions for external tool adoption

    2. As with portfolios, brainstorming tools requirechoice and agency of students and are typically intrinsicallymotivating.

      Padlet - brainstorming tools

    3. Portfolio assignments are excellent vehicles for activelearning. The ability to select and create content allows plentyof room for student agency and fosters intrinsic motivation.

      Portfolios - way for active learning

    1. Even with keyring pliers and the skill to use them, the blackout paper method is a lengthy one.

      Keyring pliers are used to remove the metal rings off of both circular and tombstone glass typewriter keys so that the legends can be replaced or even covered over with black paper circles for teaching or learning typing. They take some practice and skill to use, but speed up the replacement of legends significantly.

    1. He eschewed computers, often writing by fountain pen in his beloved notebooks.“Keyboards have always intimidated me,” he told The Paris Review in 2003.“A pen is a much more primitive instrument,” he said. “You feel that the words are coming out of your body, and then you dig the words into the page. Writing has always had that tactile quality for me. It’s a physical experience.”He would then turn to his vintage Olympia typewriter to type his handwritten manuscripts. He immortalized the trusty machine in his 2002 book “The Story of My Typewriter,” with illustrations by the painter Sam Messer.

      digging the words into the page sounds adjacent to Seamus Heaney's "Digging" which analogizes writing to digging: https://hypothes.is/a/J-z8OgfQEe-0adtJyXyb3g

      There's something here which suggests pens, typewriters, keyboards, etc. as direct extended mind objects as tools for thought. A sense of rumination and expulsion simultaneously.

  13. Apr 2024
    1. Laptops are ideal forwhen I research and write at the sametime, or when I work on several storiesat once, going back and forth amongwindows. But for everything else, Iseek a departure from my primaryworld. It’s a different type of writing,so I need a different tool.
    1. Confusion about what it means toown a book leads people to a falsereverence for paper, binding, and type—a respect for the physical thing—thecraft of the printer rather than thegenius of the author.

      This sort of worship of objects extends to those who overbuy notebooks (or other stationery). It's nice to "own" them, but it's even more valuable to write your thoughts in them and use them as the tools they were meant to be.

      cross-reference: https://hypothes.is/a/sSgxLMGoEe6j8ccyyMeDTw

    1. Make those judgments for your communities, instance by instance, not by network or software. Those sledgehammers are too big and unweildy.

      or even person by person...

  14. Mar 2024
  15. betula.mycorrhiza.wiki betula.mycorrhiza.wiki
    1. https://betula.mycorrhiza.wiki/

      Betula is a free federated self-hosted single-user bookmarking software for the independent web. Use it to organize references or maintain a linklog.

    1. By having a longer historical view, it actually tends to extend our time horizons in both directions. So, by thinking more about the past, it sets us up to think more about a long-term future and to challenge ourselves to think more expansively and ambitiously about what might come by having the sense of a wider aperture to think about rather than just thinking about the here and now or what’s coming out in the next cycle.