2,460 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. c.2608C > T(p.Arg870*)

      Case78

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.2608C>T (p.Arg870*)

      ClinVar: 189009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189009/

      gnomAD: European (Non-Finnish) 4.888e-5, Overall 2.662e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78092118-C-T


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      CaseAddInfo: Adult Late Onset Pompe Disease

    2. c.2512C > T(p.Gln838*)

      Case42

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.2512C>T (p.Gln838*)

      ClinVar: 92479 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92479/

      gnomAD: African 6.177e-5, Overall 3.997e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78092022-C-T


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2105G>T (p.Arg702Leu)

      CAID: 92472 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92472/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD


      CaseAddInfo: Infantile Onset Pompe Disease

    3. c.1942G > A(p.Gly648Ser)

      Case34

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant: NM_000152.4:c.1942G>A (p.Gly648Ser)

      ClinVar: 188902 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188902/

      gnomAD: South Asian 3.365e-4, Overall 5.361e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086728-G-A


      CaseAddInfo: Infantile Onset Pompe Disease, Patient is homozygous for this variant

    4. c.1796C > A(p.Ser599Tyr)

      Case56

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1796C>A (p.Ser599Tyr)

      ClinVar: 551558 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/551558/

      gnomAD: European (Non-Finnish) 2.683e-5, Overall 1.207e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086418-C-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      CaseAddInfo: Juvenile Late Onset Pompe Disease

    5. c.784G > A(p.Glu262Lys)

      Case85

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.784G>A (p.Glu262Lys)

      ClinVar: 188806 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188806/

      gnomAD: East Asian 5.016e-5, Overall 1.417e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081447-G-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      CaseAddInfo: Adult Late Onset Pompe Disease, 2 other patients have the same genotype

    6. c.1978C > T(p.Arg660Cys)

      Case10

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1978C>T (p.Arg660Cys)

      ClinVar: 558604 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/558604/

      gnomAD: East Asian 5.554e-5, Overall 4.142e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086764-C-T


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2221G>A (p.Asp741Asn)

      ClinVar: 571521 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/571521/

      gnomAD: East Asian 1.087e-4, Overall 7.971e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78090798-G-A


      CaseAddInfo: Infantile Onset Pompe Disease

    7. c.1411_1414del4(p.Glu471fs*5)

      Case27

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1411_1414delGAGA (p.Glu471fs*5)

      ClinVar: 188874 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188874/

      gnomAD: East Asian 2.513e-4, Overall 1.781e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78083827-CGAGA-C


      Significance of this variant is unknown.

      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.460_465del (Arg154_Thre155del)

      ClinVar: 551306 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/551306/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD


      CaseAddInfo: Infantile Onset Pompe Disease

    8. c.1143delC(p.Ala382Leufs*10)

      Case58

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1143delC (p.Ala382Leufs*10)

      CAID: 370263 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/370263/

      gnomAD: European (Non-Finnish) 8.946e-6, Overall 4.031e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78082353-AC-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      CaseAddInfo: Adult Late Onset Pompe Disease

    9. c.1933G > A(p.Asp645Asn)

      Case32

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant: NM_000152.4:c.1933G>A (p.Asp645Asn)

      ClinVar: 188728 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188728/

      gnomAD: African 6.599e-5, Overall 8.250e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086719-G-A


      CaseAddInfo: Infantile Onset Pompe Disease, Patient is homozygous for this variant, 1 more patient has the same genotype

    10. c.2560C > T(p.Arg854*)

      Case21

      HPOsFreeText: See Group Phenotypes


      CasePreviousTesting: Sanger sequencing

      CaseMethod1: Sanger sequencing and PCR Amplification

      CaseMethod2: Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Patients were previously confirmed with Pompe disease by Sanger sequencing to capture the pathogenic variants. The process was repeated as part of the study taking care to amplify the coding regions and exon/intron boundaries to compare with the WES results afterwards.


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.2560C>T (p.Arg854*)

      ClinVar: 4034 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4034/

      gnomAD: African 1.891e-3, Overall 2.090e-4 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78092070-C-T


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.1129G>C (p.Gly377Arg)

      ClinVar: 497033 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/497033/

      gnomAD: European (Non-Finnish) 2.356e-5, Overall 1.072e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78082341-G-C


      CaseAddInfo: Infantile Onset Pompe Disease

    1. 10 mg/kg (N = 3)

      Case4HPOsFreeText: 10 mg/kg GAA treatment, GAA activity at 0.1 pmol/punch/hr, GAA activity at 33% lower limit of normal

      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease


      CaseGenotypingMethod: Method not described, only that the diagnosis was "confirmed … based on 2 GAA gene mutations"


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.1441T>C (p.Trp481Arg)

      ClinVar: 189007 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189007/

      gnomAD: African 8.031e-5, Overall 2.126e-5 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78084529-T-C


      CaseAddInfo:

    2. 20 mg/kg (N = 16)

      Case17HPOsFreeText: 20 mg/kg GAA treatment, GAA activity at 0.38 umol/g/h, GAA activity at 12.7% lower limit of normal

      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease


      CaseGenotypingMethod: Method not described, only that the diagnosis was "confirmed … based on 2 GAA gene mutations"


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2242dupG (p.Glu748Glyfs)

      ClinVar: 370651 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/370651/

      gnomAD: European (Non-Finnish) 1.767e-5, Overall 7.975e-6 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78090813-T-TG


      CaseAddInfo:

    3. 20 mg/kg (N = 16)

      Case8HPOsFreeText: 20 mg/kg GAA treatment, GAA activity at 8 pmol/punch/hr, GAA activity at 33% lower limit of normal

      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease


      CaseGenotypingMethod: Method not described, only that the diagnosis was "confirmed … based on 2 GAA gene mutations"


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2242dupG (p.Glu748Glyfs)

      ClinVar: 370651 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/370651/

      gnomAD: European (Non-Finnish) 1.767e-5, Overall 7.975e-6 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78090813-T-TG


      CaseAddInfo:

    4. 20 mg/kg (N = 16)

      Case14HPOsFreeText: 20 mg/kg GAA treatment, GAA activity at 0.1 umol/h/L, GAA activity at 33% lower limit of normal

      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease


      CaseGenotypingMethod: Method not described, only that the diagnosis was "confirmed … based on 2 GAA gene mutations"


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.1441T>C (p.Trp481Arg)

      ClinVar: 189007 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189007/

      gnomAD: African 8.031e-5, Overall 2.126e-5 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78084529-T-C


      CaseAddInfo:

    1. PD07

      Patient7: Female, Southern China

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: IOPD

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo:

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1432G>A (p.Gly478Arg)

      ClinVar: 551295, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/551295/

      gnomAD: 8.525e-06, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78083849-G-A

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1802C>T (p.Ser601Leu)

      ClinVar: 194154, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/194154/

      gnomAD: n/a

    2. PD04

      Patient4: Female, southern China

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: IOPD

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo:

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1935C>A (p.Asp645Glu)

      ClinVar: 4029, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4029/

      gnomAD: 0.0001721, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086721-C-A

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.2185delC (p.Leu729Trpfs) **this is not the same protein transcript listed in paper (p.Thr729fsX8) but I could not find this in clinvar or allele registry)

      ClinVar: 370552, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/370552/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/370552/

      gnomAD: n/a

    1. 6

      Case6: Male, 1 yr onset, 2 yr diagnosis, 8.2 yr report

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001371 (Contractures)

      HPOsFreeText: Wheelchair partially used, FVC z-score sitting -3.47 (59% pred), FVC z-score supine -4.36 (48% pred), 79% MRC Scale, 3078 CK U/l, 4.5 GAA activity (nmol/h/mg)^h from cultured fibroblasts

      NotHPOsFreeText: No respiratory support

    2. 10

      Case10: Male, 2.5 yr onset, 3 yr diagnosis, 13 yr report

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001371 (Contractures)

      HPOsFreeText: FVC z-score sitting -3.01 (66% pred), FVC z-score supine -4.09 (54% pred), 84% MRC Scale, 1960 CK U/l, 8.6 GAA activity (nmol/h/mg)^h from cultured fibroblasts

      NotHPOsFreeText: No wheelchair used, No respiratory support

    1. CaseLP2-6: Female, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 0.10 umol/hr/L, Serum CK at 103 U/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.752C>T (p.Ser251Leu)

      ClinVar: 325781 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/325781/

      gnomAD: East Asian 2.760e-3, Overall 3.540e-4 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081415-C-T


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.761C>T (p.Ser254Leu)

      ClinVar: 325782 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/325782/

      gnomAD: East Asian 2.759e-3, Overall 1.947e-4 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081424-C-T


      Variant3: NM_000152.4:c.1004G>A (p.Gly335Glu)

      ClinVar: 180142 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/180142/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD


      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease, Nomenclature indicates Variants 1 and 2 are in cis

    2. CaseOPOPD-64: Male, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 0.72 umol/hr/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification

      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A

      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2024_2026delACA (p.Asn675del)

      ClinVar: 189006 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189006/

      gnomAD: East Asian 1.106e-4, Overall 8.275e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086806-CACA-C

      CaseAddInfo: One Pompe Mutation allele and One Pseudodeficency Mutation allele, 3 other people have this genotype

    3. CaseOPOPD-43: Female, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 1.20 umol/hr/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1082C>T (p.Pro361Leu)

      ClinVar: 403712 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/403712/

      gnomAD: Latino 5.798e-5, Overall 1.203e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78082294-C-T


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      CaseAddInfo: One Pompe Mutation allele and One Pseudodeficency Mutation allele

    4. CaseOPTPD-78: Male, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 0.91 umol/hr/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2214G>A (p.Trp738Ter)

      ClinVar: 370223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/370223/

      gnomAD: East Asian 5.437e-5, Overall 3.986e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78090791-G-A


      CaseAddInfo: One Pompe Mutation allele and Two Pseudodeficency Mutation alleles, Nomenclature indicates patient is homozygous for Variant 1 and Variant 2 is in cis with one copy

    5. CaseOPOPD-61: Female, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 0.63 umol/hr/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2024_2026delACA (p.Asn675del)

      ClinVar: 189006 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189006/

      gnomAD: East Asian 1.106e-4, Overall 8.275e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086806-CACA-C


      CaseAddInfo: One Pompe Mutation allele and One Pseudodeficency Mutation allele, 3 other people have this genotype

    6. CaseOPOPD-63: Male, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 1.05 umol/hr/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification

      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A

      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2024_2026delACA (p.Asn675del)

      ClinVar: 189006 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189006/

      gnomAD: East Asian 1.106e-4, Overall 8.275e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086806-CACA-C

      CaseAddInfo: One Pompe Mutation allele and One Pseudodeficency Mutation allele, 3 other people have this genotype

    7. CaseOPOPD-72: Male, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 1.31 umol/hr/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2662G>T (p.Glu888Ter)

      ClinVar: 578595 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/578595/

      gnomAD: East Asian 2.719e-4, Overall 1.998e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78092467-G-T


      CaseAddInfo: One Pompe Mutation allele and One Pseudodeficency Mutation allele, 2 other patients have the same genotype

    8. CaseOPOPD-38: Female, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 0.56 umol/hr/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.784G>A (p.Glu262Lys)

      ClinVar: 188806 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188806/

      gnomAD: East Asian 5.016e-5, Overall 1.417e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081447-G-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      CaseAddInfo: One Pompe Mutation allele and One Pseudodeficency Mutation allele

    9. CaseOPTPD-1: Female, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 1.47 umol/hr/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.546+5G>T

      ClinVar: 557811 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/557811/

      gnomAD: East Asian 4.978e-4, Overall 3.824e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078936-G-T


      CaseAddInfo: One Pompe Mutation allele and Two Pseudodeficency Mutation alleles, Nomenclature indicates patient is homozygous for Variant 1 and Variant 2 is in cis with only one copy, 2 other patients have the same genotype

    10. CaseIP2-4: Female, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 0.08 umol/hr/L, Serum CK at 385 U/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1194+2T>C

      ClinVar: 370077 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/370077/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.1935C>A (p.Asp645Glu)

      ClinVar: 4029 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4029/

      gnomAD: East Asian 1.729e-3, Overall 1.240e-4 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086721-C-A


      Variant3: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      CaseAddInfo: Infantile Onset Pompe Disease, Nomenclature indicates Variant 1 and 2 are in trans, also that Variant 3 is in cis with only one of them

    11. CaseLP2-10: Male, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 0.06 umol/hr/L, Serum CK at 670 U/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.752C>T (p.Ser251Leu)

      ClinVar: 325781 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/325781/

      gnomAD: East Asian 2.760e-3, Overall 3.540e-4 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081415-C-T


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.761C>T (p.Ser254Leu)

      ClinVar: 325782 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/325782/

      gnomAD: East Asian 2.759e-3, Overall 1.947e-4 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081424-C-T


      Variant3: NM_000152.4:c.2662G>T (p.Glu888Ter)

      ClinVar: 578595 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/578595/

      gnomAD: East Asian 2.719e-4, Overall 1.998e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78092467-G-T


      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease, Nomenclature indicates Variants 1 and 2 are in cis

    12. CaseOPOPD-62: Female, Taiwan, Birth diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA (MS/MS) enzyme activity at 0.85 umol/hr/L

      GenotypingMethod: GAA Gene Sequencing and PCR Amplification

      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A

      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2024_2026delACA (p.Asn675del)

      ClinVar: 189006 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189006/

      gnomAD: East Asian 1.106e-4, Overall 8.275e-6 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086806-CACA-C

      CaseAddInfo: One Pompe Mutation allele and One Pseudodeficency Mutation allele, 3 other people have this genotype

    1. 13

      Case13: 56yo

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0003325, HP:0002093, HP:0004887, HP:0020038

      HPOsFreeText: GAA = 6.3%, BMI = 22.5, nucleo-capsular and subcortical white matter lacunes

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText: No cardiovascular risk

      CaseAddInfo: 24yr disease duration, variants in trans

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.784G>A (p.Glu262Lys)

      ClinVar: 188806, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188806/

      gnomAD: 1.66e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081447-G-A

    1. LOPD-17

      CaseLOPD-17: 6 weeks diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA activity 6.5 (nmol · h−1 · mg−1), Mean percentage of normal 9.2%

      GenotypingMethod: Newborn Screening Panels


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.1552-3C>G

      ClinVar: 419722 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/419722/

      gnomAD: European (Non-Finnish) 2.713e-4, Overall 1.344e-4 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78084737-C-G


      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease

    2. PD/Pathogenic-2

      CasePD/Pathogenic-2: 3 weeks diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA activity 8.8 (nmol · h−1 · mg−1), Mean percentage of normal 12.4%

      GenotypingMethod: Newborn Screening Panels


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2065G>A (p.Glu689Lys)

      ClinVar: 4030 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4030/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.2355, Overall 0.05524 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78087041-G-A


      Variant3: NM_000152.4:c.2646+2T>A

      ClinVar: 188924 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188924/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD


      CaseAddInfo: Patient has one pseudodeficency allele and one pathogenic allele, Nomenclature claims Variant 1 and 2 are in cis

    3. LOPD-19

      CaseLOPD-19: 2 weeks diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA activity 2.7 (nmol · h−1 · mg−1), Mean percentage of normal 3.8%

      GenotypingMethod: Newborn Screening Panels


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.1115A>T (p.His372Leu)

      ClinVar: 370483 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/370483/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD


      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease

    4. PD/VOUS-3

      CasePD/VOUS-3: 2 weeks diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA activity 11.3 (nmol · h−1 · mg−1), Mean percentage of normal 15.8%

      GenotypingMethod: Newborn Screening Panels


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2065G>A (p.Glu689Lys)

      ClinVar: 4030 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4030/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.2355, Overall 0.05524 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78087041-G-A


      Variant3: NM_000152.4:c.664G>A (p.Val222Met)

      ClinVar: 290223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/290223/

      gnomAD: South Asian 5.393e-3, Overall 6.931e-4 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78079665-G-A


      CaseAddInfo: Patient has one pseudodeficency allele and one allele of uncertain significance, Nomenclature claims Variant 1 and 2 are in cis

    5. LOPD-18

      CaseLOPD-18: 2 weeks diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA activity 2.9 (nmol · h−1 · mg−1), Mean percentage of normal 4.0%

      GenotypingMethod: Newborn Screening Panels


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2188G>T (p.Glu730Ter)

      ClinVar: 495665 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/495665/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD


      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease

    6. PD/VOUS-2

      CasePD/VOUS-2: 2 weeks diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA activity 16.6 (nmol · h−1 · mg−1), Mean percentage of normal 23.3%

      GenotypingMethod: Newborn Screening Panels


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.1726G>A (p.Gly576Ser)

      ClinVar: 92467 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/92467/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.1427, Overall 0.01700 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085871-G-A


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2065G>A (p.Glu689Lys)

      ClinVar: 4030 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4030/

      gnomAD: East Asian 0.2355, Overall 0.05524 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78087041-G-A


      Variant3: NM_000152.4:c.2069C>T (p.Pro690Leu)

      ClinVar: 424308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/424308/

      gnomAD: East Asian 1.077e-4, Overall 2.337e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78087045-C-T


      CaseAddInfo: Patient has one pseudodeficency allele and one allele of uncertain significance, Nomenclature claims Variant 1 and 2 are in cis

    7. LOPD-14

      CaseLOPD-14: 2 weeks diagnosis

      HPOsFreeText: GAA activity 3.0 (nmol · h−1 · mg−1), Mean percentage of normal 4.2%

      GenotypingMethod: Newborn Screening Panels


      Variant1: NM_000152.4:c.-32-13T>G

      ClinVar: 4027 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027

      gnomAD: Ashkenazi Jewish 5.541e-3, Overall 3.401e-3 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G


      Variant2: NM_000152.4:c.2509C>T (p.Arg837Cys)

      ClinVar: 456408 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/456408/

      gnomAD: European (Non-Finnish) 4.676e-5, Overall 2.487e-5 http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78092019-C-T


      CaseAddInfo: Late Onset Pompe Disease

    1. 8

      Patient8: Female

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004887, HP:0002194

      HPOsFreeText: ERT dosage = 20 mg/kg/2 w, able to sit independently, reversal of HCM, CRIM positive

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: Symptom onset, diagnosis, and ERT at 4mo, ERT last for 54mo, ventilation required at 60 mo, died at 60mo

      CasePMIDs: 14695532, 14972326

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1064T>C (p.Leu355Pro)

      ClinVar: 284093, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/284093/

      gnomAD: 8.304e-06, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78082197-T-C

    2. 10

      Patient10: Male

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002194, HP:0001522

      HPOsFreeText: ERT dosage = 40 mg/kg/w, HCM reversal, CRIM positive

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0004887

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: Symptom onset at 3w, diagnosis at 3mo, ERT at 5mo, ERT lasted for 5mo, died at 12mo

      CasePMIDs: 22644586, 14695532

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.655G>A (p.Gly219Arg)

      ClinVar: 189065, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189065/

      gnomAD: 1.666e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78079656-G-A

    3. 17

      Patient17: Female

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004887, HP:0003819

      HPOsFreeText: ERT dosage = 20mg/kg/2w, able to sit, CRIM positive

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText: no HCM reversal

      CaseAddInfo: Symptom onset at 3mo, diagnosis at 6mo, ERT at 10mo, ERT lasted for 6mo, required ventilation at 26mo, died at 28mo

      CasePMIDs: 22644586, 14695532

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.655G>A (p.Gly219Arg)

      ClinVar: 189065, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189065/

      gnomAD: 1.666e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78079656-G-A

    4. 5

      Patient5: Female

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004887, HP:0002194, HP:0001522

      HPOsFreeText: ERT dosage = 20 mg/kg/2 w, CRIM positive

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: Symptom onset at 2mo, diagnosis and ERT at 4mo, ERT lasted for 1mo, ventilation required at 3mo, died at 5mo, variants in trans

      CasePMIDs: 21763167, 11738358

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.784G>A (p.Glu262Lys)

      ClinVar: 188806, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188806/

      gnomAD: 1.66e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081447-G-A

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1802C>T (p.Ser601Leu)

      ClinVar: 194154, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/194154/

      gnomAD: 0.00003187, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086424-C-T

    5. 13

      Patient13: Female

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: ERT dosage = 20mg/kg/2w, HCM reversal, CRIM positive, able to run and climb stairs, can speak well

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0004887, HP:0009046

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: Symptom onset at 2mo, diagnosis at 6mo, ERT at 8mo, ERT lasted for 111mo, currently 10yo

      CasePMIDs: 14695532, 14972326

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1064T>C (p.Leu355Pro)

      ClinVar: 284093, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/284093/

      gnomAD: 8.304e-06, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78082197-T-C

    1. 12/M

      Patient 12: male

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: CRIM positive, infusion associated reaction, heart normalization

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0004887, HP:0025156, HP:0002355, HP:0002546, HP:0000365, HP:0001371

      CaseAddInfo: variants in trans, symptom onset at 2yo, diagnosis at 3yo, ERT at 4yo

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.236_246delCCACACAGTGC (p.Pro79Argfs)

      ClinVar: 371302, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/371302/

      gnomAD: n/a

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1655T>C (p.Leu552Pro)

      ClinVar: 279811, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/279811/

      gnomAD: 1.663e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78085800-T-C

    2. 8/F

      Patient8: Female

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004887, HP:0001270

      HPOsFreeText: CRIM positive, tracheostomy partial heart normalization

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0025156, HP:0001371

      NotHPOsFreeText: infusion associated reaction

      CaseAddInfo: variants in trans, symptom onset at 1yo, diagnosis at 9yo, ERT at 10yo. Died due to infusion reaction with ERT.

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.525delT (p.Glu176Argfs)

      ClinVar: 4033, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4033/

      gnomAD: 7.041e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078909-CT-C

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.670C>T (p.Arg224Trp)

      ClinVar: 189188, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189188/

      gnomAD: 2.53e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78079671-C-T

    3. 18/M

      Patient18: Male

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004887, HP:0001270, HP:0002546

      HPOsFreeText: CRIM positive, Anti-rh GGA antibodies maximum titer = ≤ 1:400, heart normalization

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0025156, HP:0000365, HP:0001371

      NotHPOsFreeText: infusion associated reaction

      CaseAddInfo: homozygous variants in trans, symptom onset at 1yo, diagnosis at 1.5yo, ERT at 4yo

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.784G>A (p.Glu262Lys)

      ClinVar: 188806, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188806/

      gnomAD: 1.66e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081447-G-A

    4. 5/F

      Patient5: female

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001270

      HPOsFreeText: CRIM negative, Anti-rh GGA antibodies maximum titer = 1:25.600, infusion associated reaction, heat normalization

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0004887, HP:0025156, HP:0001371

      CaseAddInfo: homozygous variants in trans, symptom onset and diagnosis at 1yo, ERT at 2yo. Died due to infusion reaction with ERT.

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.236_246delCCACACAGTGC (p.Pro79Argfs)

      ClinVar: 371302, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/371302/

      gnomAD: n/a

    5. 13/F

      Patient13: female

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004887, HP:0011471, HP:0001270, HP:0002546, HP:0000365

      HPOsFreeText: CRIM positive, tracheostomy, partial heart normalization

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001371

      NotHPOsFreeText: infusion associated reaction

      CaseAddInfo: variants in trans, symptom onset at 6yo, diagnosis and ERT at 11yo

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.236_246delCCACACAGTGC (p.Pro79Argfs)

      ClinVar: 371302, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/371302/

      gnomAD: n/a

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1927G>A (p.Gly643Arg)

      ClinVar: 4023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4023/

      gnomAD: 5.884e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086713-G-A

    1. 3

      Family 3 - Patient 3

      FamilyPresentingHPOs: HP:0002355, HP:0003701, HP:0000467, HP:0003327, HP:0002111, HP:0040081, HP:0100284

      HPOsFreeText: Vacuolar myopathy, myopathic muscle unit action potentials

      FamilyNotHPOs: HP:0010628, HP:0002015, HP:0003691, HP:0003306, HP:0002650

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      Ethnicity: Iranian

      ProbandLabel:

      FamilyAddInfo: female, 2yo at onset, 26yo at diagnosis, MRC sum score = 76, NIV used beginning at 22yo

      FamilyPreviousTesting: Respiratory Evaluation: FVC = 31%, CK = 1,551 U/L, Vacuolar myopathy present in muscle pathology exam, DBS enzyme activity (with inhibition) = 5.1 μmol/L/h, NCS, EMG

      FamilyGenotypingMethod: GAA analyzed with Sanger Sequencing for entire coding region and conserved exon-intron splice junctions, PCR performed for deletion screening

      VariantAllele1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      VariantAllele2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1004G>A (p.Gly335Glu)

      ClinVar: 180142, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/180142/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

    2. 9

      Family 9 - Patient 9

      FamilyPresentingHPOs: HP:0007340, HP:0003701, HP:0000467, HP:0003327, HP:0010628, HP:0003306, HP:0002111, HP:0040081

      HPOsFreeText: muscle pathology with slight vacuolar myopathy with mild glycogen excess

      FamilyNotHPOs: HP:0002015, HP:0003691, HP:0002650

      Ethnicity: Iranian

      ProbandLabel:

      FamilyAddInfo: onset at 28yo, diagnosed at 35yo, MRC sum score = 81

      FamilyPreviousTesting: Respiratory Evaluation: FVC = 71%, CK = 748 U/L, muscle pathology examined, DBS enzyme activity (with inhibition) = 3.5 μmol/L/h

      FamilyGenotypingMethod: GAA analyzed with Sanger Sequencing for entire coding region and conserved exon-intron splice junctions, PCR performed for deletion screening

      VariantAllele1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      VariantAllele2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1799G>A (p.Arg600His)

      ClinVar: 370130, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/370130/

      gnomAD: 8.675e-06, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78086421-G-A

    1. 22

      Patient22: Male, 30 years report, 23 year onset

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001324, HP:0002098 (Muscle weakness, Respiratory distress)

      HPOsFreeText: GAA activity 1.1% from leukocyte, Wheelchair needed

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001640, HP:0002240 (Cardiomegaly, Hepatomegaly)

      NotHPOsFreeText: Respiratory Assistance not needed

      CaseAddInfo: LOPD

    2. 16

      Patient16: Female, 36 years report, 28 years onset

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001324 (Muscle weakness)

      HPOsFreeText: GAA activity 1% from a dried blood spot

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002098, HP:0002240, HP:0001640 (Respiratory distress, Hepatomegaly, Cardiomegaly)

      NotHPOsFreeText: No wheelchair needed, Respiratory Assistance not needed

      CaseAddInfo: LOPD

    1. P8a

      Patient8: Female, 61yo

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000822, HP:0003077

      HPOsFreeText: LOPD

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: 5yr follow-up MRI, 21yr disease duration, ERT lasted for 63mo

      CasePMIDs: PMID: 25614309

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1478C>T (p.Pro493Leu)

      ClinVar: 379593, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/379593/

      gnomAD: 0.00001416, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78084566-C-T

    2. P5a

      Patient5: Male, 52yo

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0003077, HP:0000822

      HPOsFreeText: LOPD

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: 15yr disease duration, ERT lasted for 63mo, 5yr follow-up MRI

      CasePMIDs: PMID: 25614309

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1478C>T (p.Pro493Leu)

      ClinVar: 379593, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/379593/

      gnomAD: 0.00001416, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78084566-C-T

    3. P17

      Patient17: Male, 81yo

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0003077, HP:0000822

      HPOsFreeText: LOPD

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: 6yr disease duration, ERT lasted 37mo

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.925G>A (p.Gly309Arg)

      ClinVar: 188797, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188797/

      gnomAD: 0.00002860, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081665-G-A

    4. P9

      Patient9: Male, 64yo

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000822, HP:0000819, HP:0001513

      HPOsFreeText: LOPD

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: 11yr disease duration, ERT lasted 14mo

      CasePMIDs: PMID: 25614309

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.925G>A (p.Gly309Arg)

      ClinVar: 188797, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188797/

      gnomAD: 0.00002860, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78081665-G-A

    5. P10a

      Patient10: Female, 75yo

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000822

      HPOsFreeText: LOPD

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: 5yr follow-up MRI, 40yr disease duration, ERT lasted 103mo

      CasePMIDs: PMID: 25614309

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NC_000017.11:g.(?80118193)(80118357_?)del (del exon 18)

      ClinVar: 456368, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/456368/

      gnomAD: n/a

    1. 6

      Patient6: Male, 36yo at diagnosis, 40yo at ERT

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: anti rh-GAA antibodies titre = neg, enzyme (μmol/g/h) = 1.2 (2-10)

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText: NIV and mobility aid not used

      CaseAddInfo: 11yr disease duration

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1437G>A (p.Lys479=)

      ClinVar: 188044, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188044/

      gnomAD: n/a

    2. 15

      Patient15: Female, 48yo at diagnosis and ERT

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: anti rh-GAA antibodies titre = 1:1600, enzyme (μmol/g/h) = 0.48 (3-20), NIV required only after ERT

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText: mobility aid not required

      CaseAddInfo: 33yr disease duration

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1437G>A (p.Lys479=)

      ClinVar: 188044, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188044/

      gnomAD: n/a

    3. 21

      Patient21: Male, 56yo at diagnosis and ERT

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: anti rh-GAA antibodies titre = 1:1600, enzyme (μmol/g/h) = 0.57 (2-10), NIV and mobility aid required before and after ERT, developed wheelchair dependence after ERT

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: 35yr disease duration, variants in trans

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1128_1129delGGinsC (p.Trp376Cysfs)

      ClinVar: 189041, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189041/

      gnomAD: n/a

    4. 22a

      Patient22: Female, 40yo at diagnosis and ERT

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: anti rh-GAA antibodies titre = 1:12,800, enzyme = 2.77 pmol/punch/h (7.3–39), NIV and mobility aid required before and after ERT

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: 18yr disease duration, patient discontinued ERT, variants in trans

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.258dupC (p.Asn87Glnfs)

      ClinVar: 282842, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/282842/

      gnomAD: 2.653e-05, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078636-T-TC

    5. 4

      Patient 4: Male, 37yo at diagnosis, 41yo at ERT

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: anti rh-GAA antibodies titre = neg, enzyme (μmol/g/h) = 2.1 (3-20), mobility aid required before and after ERT

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText: NIV not used

      CaseAddInfo: 10yr disease duration

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.1437G>A (p.Lys479=)

      ClinVar: 188044, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/188044/

      gnomAD: n/a

    6. 17

      Patient17: Male, 34yo at diagnosis and ERT

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: anti rh-GAA antibodies titre = 1:800, enzyme (μmol/g/h) = 0.75 (3-20), NIV required only after ERT began

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText: mobility aid not required

      CaseAddInfo: 17yr disease duration, variants in trans

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NM_001079803.2(GAA):c.896T>C (p.Leu299Pro)

      ClinVar: 180144, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/180144/

      gnomAD: n/a

    1. Detailed characteristics of these patients

      Patient13: male, 32yo, juvenile onset

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: LOPD, BMI = 24.9 / 25 / n-a, WGMS = 3 / 3 / n-a

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002355

      NotHPOsFreeText: did not require respiratory support

      CaseAddInfo:

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: 0.003582, http://exac.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78078341-T-G

      Variant2: NC_000017.11:g.(?80118193)(80118357_?)del (c.2481+102_2646+31del)

      ClinVar: 456368, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/456368/

      gnomAD: n/a

    1. 3

      Case#: 3, age 48, age 41 (report)

      DiseaseAssertion: Pompe Disease

      FamilyInfo: Family 3, no further information

      CasePresenting HPOs:HP:0012378, HP:0003546, HP:0001324 (fatigue, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: single gene sequencing/analysis, 63.85 NaG/AaGIA, 91% inhibition of GAA; NaG/AaGIA above 40 and %INH above 87 are in the affected range

      Variants:

      Variant 1:NM_000152.5(GAA):c.-32-3C>A

      ClinVar: 371622

      Variant 2:NM_000152.5(GAA):c.-32-3C>A

      ClinVar: 371622

      ParentalGenotypes: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

    2. 4

      Case#: 4, age 24, age 18 (report)

      DiseaseAssertion: Pompe Disease

      FamilyInfo: Family 4, no further information

      CasePresenting HPOs:HP:0012378, HP:0003546, HP:0001324 (fatigue, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness)

      CaseHPOFreeText: vacuolar myopathy biopsy PAS +

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: single gene sequencing/analysis, 40.54 NaG/AaGIA, 90.54% inhibition of GAA; NaG/AaGIA above 40 and %INH above 87 are in the affected range

      Variants:

      Variant 1:NM_000152.5(GAA):c.2608C>T (p.Arg870Ter)

      ClinVar: 189009

      Variant 2: not reported

      ParentalGenotypes: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

    3. 2/a

      Case#: 2/a, age 20, age 14 (report)

      DiseaseAssertion: Pompe Disease

      FamilyInfo: Family 2, no further information

      CasePresenting HPOs:HP:0002878, HP:0012378, HP:0003546, HP:0001324 (Respiratory failure, fatigue, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness)

      CaseHPOFreeText: valvular myopathy, biopsy with vacuolar myopathy with PAS +

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: single gene sequencing/analysis, 64.47 NaG/AaGIA, 92.28% inhibition of GAA; NaG/AaGIA above 40 and %INH above 87 are in the affected range

      Variants:

      Variant 1:NM_000152.5(GAA):c.377G>A (p.Trp126Ter)

      ClinVar: 932904

      Variant 2: NM_000152.5(GAA):c.1655T>C (p.Leu552Pro)

      ClinVar: 279811

      ParentalGenotypes: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

    1. For GAA (Pompe disease) screening

      CaseP1-GAA: Male, ethnicity = North African, country origin = Morocco

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010899, HP:0010916, HP:0003236

      HPOsFreeText: enzyme activity = 0.61, CPK = 448 U/L, ALT = 48 U/L, AST = 98 U/L, CRIM positive

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText:

      CaseAddInfo: heterozygote, variants in trans. Patient underwent ERT.

      CasePreviousTesting: initial and confirmatory DBS, biochemical tests, echocardiography

      CaseGenotypingMethod: mutation analyses

      Variant1: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.-32-13T>G

      Clinvar: 4027, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/4027/

      gnomAD: n/a

      Variant2: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.236_246delCCACACAGTGC (p.Pro79Argfs)

      ClinVar: 371302, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/371302/

      gnomAD: n/a

    1. 1/F

      Patient1: Female, Caucasian, 10yo

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      HPOsFreeText: IOPD, rhGAA IgG antibody titer = 400, CRIM positive

      CaseNotHPOs:

      NotHPOsFreeText: no infusion associated reactions

      CaseAddInfo: homozygous, 6.5mo at diagnosis, 7.0mo at ERT start

      CasePMIDs:

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variant: NM_000152.4(GAA):c.655G>A (p.Gly219Arg)

      ClinVar: 189065, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/189065/

      gnomAD: 0.00001809, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/17-78079656-G-A

    1. 9

      Case#: Patient 9, Gender N/A, Onset at 3-4 months. Death around 1-2 years, Southeast Asian

      DiseaseAssertion: Pompe disease

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001252, HP:0001270, HP:0001640, HP:0005165

      Muscular hypotonia, Motor delay, Cardiomegaly, Shortened PR interval)

      CaseHPOFreeText: BVH, Ejection fraction 10%, Creatine kinase levels 1,010u/l

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: No GAA measurement . Ejection fraction 10%, Creatine kinase levels 1,010u/l

      PCR of all exons was performed and subsequently subjected to capillary Sanger sequencing in both directions

      Variant: NM_000152.5(GAA):c.1941C>G (p.Cys647Trp)

      ClinVar: 550327

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: Highes population MAF = 0.0001427 (Others)

      ParentalGenotype: Both parents were carriers for the viariant c.1941C>G (p.Cys647Trp)

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

    1. P2

      PatientF3P2: Female, 36 years diagnosis, European and Native American

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0003236, HP:0012378, HP:0003547, HP:0009113, HP:0002910 (Increased serum CK, Fatigue, Shoulder weakness, Weak diaphragm, Increased transaminases)

      HPOsFreeText: Decline in energy and strength reported with each of her four pregnancies most prominent after her youngest daughter's diagnosis of IOPD, Subsequent enzyme assay indicated deficient GAA activity via a dried blood spot (2.2 pmol/punch/hr, control >3.88 pmol/punch/hr), Pulmonary functioning tests (PFTs) showed a decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) from 93% predicted seated to 72% predicted supine, Laboratory results demonstrated an elevated CK level of 490 U/L (control 30–220 U/L) and mild elevation of transaminases with AST of 83 U/L (control 15–41 U/L) and ALT of 60 U/L (control 14–54 U/L)

      CaseAddInfo: Mother of proband F3P1, found to have minimally symptomatic LOPD

    1. Case#: Downes_2019_BSS, male, age unknown, South-Asian ancestry reported

      DiseaseAssertion: BSS

      FamilyInfo: NR

      ParentalGenotype: NR

      CasePresentingHPOs: NR

      PlateletAggregation: NR

      CaseHPOFreeText: NR

      CaseNotHPOs:

      CaseNotHPOFreeText:

      ProteinExpression: NR

      CasePreviousTesting:

      GenotypingMethod: HTS panel described in supplementary table 3

      PreviouslyPublished:

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: homozygous c.1005_1013del (p.His335_Leu338delinsGln)

      HGVS: NM_000419.5(ITGA2B):c.1005_1013del

      ClinVarID: 626948

      CAID:

      gnomAD: not found in v.2.1.1

      MultipleGeneVariants:

    1. dentification of ACO2 variants in individuals with ION Cohorts including about 1000 molecularly undiagnosed ION individuals from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium and the UK were screened by targeted sequencing for the presence of ACO2 variants. Among individuals with a single ACO2 variant, we selected cases with an MAF lower than 0.0001, whereas in individuals with biallelic heterozygous composite or homozygous variants, we selected the cases with an MAF lower than 0.005 for each variant. This led to the identification of 50 individuals harbouring 1 of 43 different heterozygous mutations, among which 29 were novel, as well as 11 individuals with biallelic mutations, among which 8 were novel. A compilation of these variants and the associated amino acid changes are displayed on ACO2 primary sequence and 3D structure in Fig. 1A and C and listed in the Supplementary Table 1. Notably, four dominant variants p.(Arg474Gly), p.(Trp603Ser), p.(Ser669Leu) and p.(Arg671Trp) were identified in two unrelated individuals and p.(Arg671Gln) in four unrelated individuals, while one recessive variant, p.(Leu74Val), with an MAF value of 0.00369, was found in five unrelated ROA individuals, and also formerly described in eight individuals with syndromic ACO2 presentations. This p.(Leu74Val) variant was associated once with p.(Gly661Arg) in the P56 individual, a combination already reported in an ROA family.6 Segregation analysis was performed where available. In DOA cases, all affected relatives carried the variant, whereas some relatives in the families of patients P6, P8, P9, P13 and P33 carrying the variant were asymptomatic, as occasionally observed in families with OPA1 mutations.15,41 Moreover, segregation analysis revealed de novo mutations in the P15 and P18 index cases. Analysis of the types of mutations identified in ACO2 (Fig. 1B) revealed that two-third of all variants were missense mutations, irrespective of the dominant or recessive mode of inheritance, while nonsense, frame-shift, splice-site mutations and deletions accounted together for the third part of all mutations identified, without significant difference between the distribution of the mutation types between dominant and recessive cases (P-value: 0.80). Notably, the identification of null alleles in dominant cases suggests that ACO2 haploinsufficiency contributes mainly to DOA pathophysiology.

      Case: Charif Patient #60, 7yo at report, 6yo at dx, male, European

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      CasePresentingHPOsFreeText: inherited optic neuropathy/dominant optic atrophy; BCVA= OD:0.25, OS:0.08; central scotoma; ODS: temporal atrophy

      CaseNOTHPOs:

      CaseNOTHPOSFreeText: other symptoms

      CasePreviousTesting:

      CaseGenotypingMethod: ACO2 mutations were screened using resequencing gene panels dedicated to the molecular diagnosis of IONs or of mitochondrial inherited diseases. All candidate pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing

      Variant: NM_001098.2 c.525+1G>A; c.220C>G p.(Leu74Val) compound heterozygous

      ClinVarID: or CAID: 1470169

      AddCaseInfo: no segregation data

      PreviouslyPublished: n/a

      VariantEvidence: n/a

    2. Identification of ACO2 variants in individuals with ION Cohorts including about 1000 molecularly undiagnosed ION individuals from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium and the UK were screened by targeted sequencing for the presence of ACO2 variants. Among individuals with a single ACO2 variant, we selected cases with an MAF lower than 0.0001, whereas in individuals with biallelic heterozygous composite or homozygous variants, we selected the cases with an MAF lower than 0.005 for each variant. This led to the identification of 50 individuals harbouring 1 of 43 different heterozygous mutations, among which 29 were novel, as well as 11 individuals with biallelic mutations, among which 8 were novel. A compilation of these variants and the associated amino acid changes are displayed on ACO2 primary sequence and 3D structure in Fig. 1A and C and listed in the Supplementary Table 1. Notably, four dominant variants p.(Arg474Gly), p.(Trp603Ser), p.(Ser669Leu) and p.(Arg671Trp) were identified in two unrelated individuals and p.(Arg671Gln) in four unrelated individuals, while one recessive variant, p.(Leu74Val), with an MAF value of 0.00369, was found in five unrelated ROA individuals, and also formerly described in eight individuals with syndromic ACO2 presentations. This p.(Leu74Val) variant was associated once with p.(Gly661Arg) in the P56 individual, a combination already reported in an ROA family.6 Segregation analysis was performed where available. In DOA cases, all affected relatives carried the variant, whereas some relatives in the families of patients P6, P8, P9, P13 and P33 carrying the variant were asymptomatic, as occasionally observed in families with OPA1 mutations.15,41 Moreover, segregation analysis revealed de novo mutations in the P15 and P18 index cases. Analysis of the types of mutations identified in ACO2 (Fig. 1B) revealed that two-third of all variants were missense mutations, irrespective of the dominant or recessive mode of inheritance, while nonsense, frame-shift, splice-site mutations and deletions accounted together for the third part of all mutations identified, without significant difference between the distribution of the mutation types between dominant and recessive cases (P-value: 0.80). Notably, the identification of null alleles in dominant cases suggests that ACO2 haploinsufficiency contributes mainly to DOA pathophysiology.

      Case: Charif Patient #1, 25yo at report, female, European

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      CasePresentingHPOsFreeText: inherited optic neuropathy/dominant optic atrophy; BCVA= OD:0.5, OS:0.63; ODS: diffuse loss;

      CaseNOTHPOs:

      CaseNOTHPOSFreeText: other symptoms

      CasePreviousTesting:

      CaseGenotypingMethod: ACO2 mutations were screened using resequencing gene panels dedicated to the molecular diagnosis of IONs or of mitochondrial inherited diseases. All candidate pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing

      Variant: NM_001098.2 c.172C>T p.(Arg58*) heterozygous

      ClinVarID: or CAID: 441075

      AddCaseInfo: no segregation data

      PreviouslyPublished: n/a

      VariantEvidence: n/a

    1. KMP 15

      Case#: KMP 15, female, 82 yrs, East Slovakia

      DiseaseAssertion: HCM

      FamilyInfo: yes

      CasePresentingHPOs: n/a

      CaseHPOFreeText: symptomatic, LVOTO yes; LVEF 60%; NYHA III.; ICD yes; ECG; echocardiography;

      CaseNotHPOs: n/a

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: n/a

      CasePreviousTesting: Additional Sanger sequencing of exons 12, 24, 25 of MYBPC3, exon 12 NEBL, exons 12, 20, 21 of SCN5A, exon 7 of TNNI3, and exon 9 of TNNT2 gene

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Sanger sequencing;

      Variant: NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.2734A>G (p.Lys912Glu)

      ClinVar: 520267 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/520267/

      CAID: n/a

      gnomAD: absent

    1. Case#: Consequence 7 Table 1 in Data Supplement (1 cases)

      DiseaseAssertion: HCM

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, BSA, NYHA functional class, obstructive HCM, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, NSVT, Syncope, SCD family hitory, wall thickness

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: Additional oligonucleotide hybridization–based DNA sequencing and dideoxy-based DNA sequencing for MYBPC3, TMP1, TNNC1, TNNI2, TNNI3, TNNT2, ACTC1, MYL3

      CaseGenotypingMethod: oligonucleotide hybridization–based DNA sequencing and dideoxy-based DNA sequencing

      Variant: NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.1608G>T (p.Glu536Asp)

      ClinVar: 177671 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/177671/

      CAID: n/a

      gnomAD: absent

    2. Case#: Consequence 5 Table 1 in Data Supplement (1 cases)

      DiseaseAssertion: HCM

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, BSA, NYHA functional class, obstructive HCM, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, NSVT, Syncope, SCD family hitory, wall thickness

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: Additional oligonucleotide hybridization–based DNA sequencing and dideoxy-based DNA sequencing for MYBPC3, TMP1, TNNC1, TNNI2, TNNI3, TNNT2, ACTC1, MYL3

      CaseGenotypingMethod: oligonucleotide hybridization–based DNA sequencing and dideoxy-based DNA sequencing

      Variant: NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.2198G>T (p.Gly733Val)

      ClinVar: 181177 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/181177/

      CAID: n/a

      gnomAD: absent

    3. Case#: Consequence 8 Table 1 in Data Supplement (1 cases)

      DiseaseAssertion: HCM

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, BSA, NYHA functional class, obstructive HCM, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, NSVT, Syncope, SCD family hitory, wall thickness

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: Additional oligonucleotide hybridization–based DNA sequencing and dideoxy-based DNA sequencing for MYBPC3, TMP1, TNNC1, TNNI2, TNNI3, TNNT2, ACTC1, MYL3

      CaseGenotypingMethod: oligonucleotide hybridization–based DNA sequencing and dideoxy-based DNA sequencing

      Variant: NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.2539A>G (p.Lys847Glu)

      ClinVar: 177757 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/177757/

      CAID: n/a

      gnomAD: absent

    1. Q380RR628PA8, A20, L14Mild, survival beyond age 35, no mental retardation

      Case#: Patient #17, Brazilian

      DiseaseAssertion: MPS1, mild

      FamilyInfo:

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      CaseHPOFreeText: survival beyond age 35

      CaseNotHPOs:

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: mental retardation

      GenotypingMethod:

      PreviouslyPublished:

      Variant: Q380R; R628P (also A8, A20, L14)

      ClinVar: 1064675

      CAID:

      SupplementalData:

    1. The institutional review board of the University of Michigan (IRBMED) approved this retrospective study. Patients who were referred to the Michigan Medicine Pediatric Genetics clinic for any reason and who underwent CES as part of their diagnostic workup were consecutively included in this study. Clinical evaluations of patients were performed in the comprehensive Pediatrics Genetics Clinic, and included detailed evaluation of each individual and construction of a pedigree. Patients were clinically assessed by a physician (medical geneticist) who reviewed prior history and medical workup, performed a patient interview and physical exam, and ordered diagnostic testing. Patients selected for this cohort included all consecutive patients in whom CES was deemed clinically indicated by the assessing physician who presented for evaluation during from October 1, 2012 through April 30, 2018. Based on physician clinical evaluation and reviews of prior workup and diagnostic testing, a binary yes/no phenotype dataset was curated for all patients across all body systems and other developmental / neurodevelopmental categories. This phenotyping was performed by the Medical Geneticist and then entered into the phenotype database. This was done upon the patient’s initial presentation to clinic before results from genetic testing had returned. The database was created in Excel format, and data were entered by genetic counsellors after the patient had been evaluated in clinic. The database was subsequently updated with results of genetic testing when available. The clinical system phenotypes assessed for abnormalities were: ear/nose/throat (Oto), ophthalmologic, neuromuscular, cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, skeletal/connective tissue/vascular, skin/hair/teeth, endocrine, hematologic/immunologic (hem/imm), disorders of sexual development (DSD)/ambiguous genitalia, metabolic/inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). A number of other non-body system categories were also assessed in a similar binary way: multiple congenital anomalies (MCA), dysmorphic features, cancer, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder or autism-like features, and any other behavioral phenotype not otherwise specified. In addition to these binary-curated features, all patients had a descriptive phenotypic summary, as well as demographic information (age, sex) and collation of any prior genetic/molecular testing including karyotype, CMA, or other single gene or panel based molecular testing. Each clinical phenotype was assigned its corresponding Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) term (Supplementary Table 2). All patients included in this study underwent CES as part of their clinical workup, based on physician clinical decision making. All patients were also required to have a separate genetic counselling appointment for pre-test counselling performed by a certified genetic counselor. Clinical exome sequencing was performed in a ‘send-out’ manner, with 424 to GeneDx, 96 to Ambry, 2 to UCLA, and one to Fulgent. Clinical CES results were reported using the ACMG classification scheme; however, for research purposes, we modified reporting for analysis here by collapsing pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants into the same category (pathogenic variants). We have also included genes of uncertain significance (GUS)—i.e. genes whose biologic function is not known or disease association has not been established—as these may be informative for future gene discovery research. Clinical phenotype data were analyzed by comparing summative analysis of the binary phenotypes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare differences between groups, with p-value < 0.05 considered significant.

      Patient 2 in the supplemental info has the same genotype, phenotype, and gender as from PMID: 30689204, so it seems likely that this is the same individual.

    1. A p.Ser112Arg missense mutation was first identified in 2 families with infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration.28 Affected individuals exhibited developmental delay including severe psychomotor retardation, with an age at onset between 2 and 6 months. Brain MRI revealed cerebellar degeneration and white matter abnormalities (dysmyelination). Optic atrophy and retinal degeneration were readily identifiable in the setting of progressively severe visual impairment. Mitochondrial aconitase enzymatic activity was significantly reduced in lymphoblasts.

      This variant is mentioned only in reference to a previous report.

    1. athogenic variants in mitochondrial aconitase were originally described in two families of Middle Eastern descent. The resulting defects in ACO2 activity were associated with a relatively severe clinical course that included optic and cerebellar atrophy associated with hearing loss and severe to profound developmental delay (8). Subsequent to that original report (preceding the results on our patient), Metodiev et al. described an additional five subjects in three families (two consanguineous) from France and Algeria with other ACO2 pathogenic variants (9). In that cohort, although the core symptoms of ataxia, optic nerve involvement and developmental delay were again noted, the severity of the associated symptoms varied widely. Our report therefore serves to further expand the phenotype associated with ACO2 deficiency in a similar manner – our patient falls outside of the ethnic groups so far described, and did not have evidence of cerebellar atrophy on MRI or of significant optic nerve involvement at the time of evaluation. However, the aconitase activity is within the range of previously reported patient’s with infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration syndrome, and the ACO2 protein activity is similar to at least one other patient (Figure 5).

      This variant is only mentioned in reference to a previous report.

    1. The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders with atrophy of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex and cerebellar vermis is broad even in young age groups; concomitant occurrence of degeneration of the retina points to lysosomal storage disorders, mitochondrial disorders, defects of carbohydrate glycosylation, and infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.1–4 We hereby report on the identification of a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle defect manifesting in infancy by the degeneration of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and retina. The subjects of this study were eight individuals, two males and six females, originating from two unrelated families of Arab Muslim origin (Figure 1). Their clinical data are summarized in Table 1. All were born following an uneventful pregnancy and delivery and had normal birth weights, head circumferences, and Apgar scores. Symptoms were first noted at 2–6 months of age and included variable appearance of truncal hyptonia, head bobbing, athetosis, generalized seizures, and ophthalmologic abnormalities that included strabismus, nystagmus, abnormal eye movements, and abnormal pursuit. The course was characterized by failure to thrive, gradual evolution of severe muscle wasting despite satisfactory oral intake, worsening of the hypotonia, attenuating deep tendon reflexes until complete areflexia was reached, progressive microcephaly, variable forms of seizures that were typically triggered by intercurrent febrile illnesses and were partly responsive to anticonvulsants, and failure to gain developmental milestones, culminating in profound psychomotor retardation. A distinctive feature was the appearance of head bobbing and athetoid movements of the upper limbs along with horizontal nystagmus when the individuals were held at the upright position. Visual tracking, normal at the newborn period, steadily deteriorated with the gradual evolution of bilateral optic atrophy. Visual evoked potentials in early infancy were normal, but the electroretinogram responses became critically reduced over the first two years of life, indicating severe retinal dystrophy. Similarly, auditory brain responses declined steadily, reflecting sensorineural hearing loss of variable severity. EEG disclosed generalized or focal spike and wave activity and slow background compatible with nonspecific encephalopathy. Electrophysiologic assessment of peripheral muscles and nerves performed in individual V-2 at 2 years revealed a normal electromyogram and a mild decrease of peripheral sensory and motor velocity suggesting demyelination. Taken together with the gradual disappearance of tendon reflexes, this finding indicates an evolving peripheral demyelinating neuropathy. Figure 1. Open in a new tab Pedigrees of the Two Families (A) Family A and (B) Family B. Affected individuals are represented by filled symbols.Table 1. Clinical Features of Affected Individuals Family A Family B IV-3 IV-5 V-2 V-5 V-7 III-1 III-2 III-3 Sex m f f f m f f f Current age (years) 18 13 7 3 0.5 9 8 2 Birth weight (centile) 2,900 g (10) 3,700 g (75) 2,700 g (10) 2,800 g (15) 3,700 g (75) 3,220 g (25) 3,450 g (50) 2,750 g (10) Birth head circumference (centile) 35 cm (40) 35 cm (50) 35 cm (50) 34 cm (25) 35 cm (40) 34.5 cm (40) 35 cm (50) 34 cm (25) Initial manifestations (age at presentation) H, A (5 months) H, A (6 months) H, A (2 months) H, E (4 months) H, E (3 months) H, S (3 months) A, H (5 months) A, E (5 months) Current weight (centile) 25 kg (−5 SD) 26 kg (−4 SD) 11 kg (−5 SD) 9 kg (−4 SD) 7.7 kg (25) 13 kg (−6 SD) 12 kg (−6 SD) 8 kg (−4 SD) Current head circumference (centile) 47 cm (−5 SD) 49.5 cm (−3 SD) 46.5 cm (−3.5 SD) 46.5 cm (5) 42.7 cm (25) 48.5 cm (−2.5 SD) 48 cm (3) 45.5 cm (5) Global DD/MR profound severe profound profound moderate profound profound severe Current motor skills no intentional movements crawls, rolls sits with support does not roll rolls, does not sit lift head when supine does not role does not role roles both sides Current cognitive skills vegetative state, no smile smile, recognize family smile, recognize family smile, recognize family smile, recognize family no eye contact, does not recognize family no eye contact, responds to auditory stimuli smile, recognize family Ataxia yes yes yes yes very mild yes yes yes Seizures generalized generalized focal and generalized focal and generalized no generalized myoclonic and focal focal and generalized no Retinal dystrophy (age at diagnosis) not evaluated severe (4 years) severe (1 year) severe (1 year) not evaluated profound (2 years) profound (1.5 years) moderate (1.5 years) ophthalmology optic atrophy, strabismus optic atrophy, strabismus optic atrophy, nystagmus optic atrophy, nystagmus, strabismus strabismus optic atrophy, nystagmus optic atrophy, nystagmus optic atrophy, nystagmus, strabismus Initial MR scan (age) not done normal (11 months) mild CoA (3 months) mild CoA (frontal and temporal) (11 months) normal (in utero, 30 weeks) CoA (frontal and temporal) mild thinning of CC (7 months) CoA abnormal WM (16 months) normal (in utero, 31 weeks) Last MR scan (age) not done severe CeA, moderate CoA (frontal and temporal), abnormal periventricular WM signal (12 years) severe CeA, moderate CoA (frontal and temporal), thin CC abnormal WM signal (4 years) severe CeA, moderate CoA (frontal and temporal), thin CC, abnormal WM signal (2.5 years) not done not done mild CoA and CeA (1y) Tendon reflexes absent brisk absent absent normal absent decreased absent Other severe scoliosis moderate SNHL severe SNHL (hearing aids) Open in a new tab The following abbreviations are used: A, ataxia/athetoid movements; H, hypotonia; E, eye abnormalities; S, seizures; HC, head circumference; DD, developmental delay; MR, mental retardation; CoA, cortical atrophy; CeA, cerebellar atrophy; WM, white matter; CC, corpus callosum; SNHL, sensorineural hearing loss.During gestation and throughout the first 6 months, brain MRI was typically normal. Thereafter, repeated MR scans (Figure 2) displayed progressive cerebellar atrophy of both hemispheres and the vermis. In addition, symmetric cortical atrophy gradually evolved, affecting mainly the frontal and temporal lobes along with a striking thinning of the corpus callosum. White matter abnormalities, indicated by T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) periventricular hyperintense signals, were first noted during the second year of life. Taken together, these serial MR scans revealed generalized progressive brain atrophy affecting primarily the cerebellum and to a lesser extent the white matter and the frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex. Figure 2. Open in a new tab Representative MRI Findings (A) T2-weighted, coronal section image of individual V-2 at 3 months shows a normal cerebellum and mild cortical atrophy. (B) T1-weighted, coronal section scan of the same individual at 4 years displays severe atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres (arrowheads) and the vermis (arrows). (C) T1-weighted, coronal section image of individual IV-5 at 12 years shows enlarged cerebellar folia and reduced volume indicating generalized (vermian and hemispheral) atrophy. Note also the mild cortical atrophy and visible sulci. (D) Cortical atrophy and white matter abnormal signals (arrows) demonstrated by FLAIR image of coronal section in the same individual. (E) Moderate cortical atrophy, very thin corpus callosum (arrow), and cerebellar atrophy (arrowhead) in a T1-weighted, sagital section of individual V-5 at 2.5 years. (F) FLAIR image, axial section of individual V-5 displaying frontal and temporal cortical atrophy compared with relatively preserved occipital cortex. The abnormal periventricular white matter signal (arrow) is consistent with dysmyelination.

      Case#: Spiegel Patient V-2 (proband not designated, so was chosen), female, 7yo at report, Arab Muslin origin

      DiseaseAssertion: Infantile Cerebellar-Retinal Degeneration

      FamilyInfo: All eight individuals were homozygous for the mutation; ten parents and one of the healthy sibs were heterozygous, and three healthy sibs were homozygous for the normal allele. 3 additional affected individuals are deceased, so it is possible that they were not genotyped and that may be the reason for the discrepancy in the count.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000648, HP:0000639, HP:0012736, HP:0001252, HP:0001251, HP:0002194, HP:0100543, HP:0007359, HP:0002197, HP:0000556, HP:0002120, HP:0001272, HP:0033725, HP:0002500, HP:0001284, HP:0000407

      CaseHPOFreeText: birth weight= 2,700 g (10th centile); birth head circumference= 35 cm (50th centile); initial manifestations: hypotonia and ataxia at 2 months; current weight= 11 kg (−5 SD); current head circumference= 46.5 cm (−3.5 SD); current motor skills= does not roll; current cognitive skills= smile, recognize family; focal and generalized seizures; severe retinal dystrophy dx at 1yo; mild cortical atrophy on MR scan at 3mo; severe cerebellar atrophy, moderate cortical atrophy (frontal and temporal), thin corpus callosum, abnormal white matter signal last MR scan at 4 yo; moderate sensorineural hearing loss

      CaseNotHPOs:

      CaseNotHPOFreeText:

      GenotypingMethod: homozygosity mapping, WES

      PreviouslyPublished: n/a

      Variant: c.336C>G in ACO2 [MIM 100850] (NM_001098.2), which causes p.Ser112Arg (NP_001089.1). homozygous

      ClinVar: 29584

      FunctionalEvidence: Specific aconitase activity in the individuals' lymphoblasts was severely reduced. Under restrictive conditions, the mutant human ACO2 failed to complement a yeast ACO1 deletion strain, whereas the wild-type human ACO2 succeeded,

      AdditionalInfo: 2 "unrelated" families reported, but "Affected individuals of both unrelated clans shared a similar homozygous haplotype, indicating that Ser112Arg is a founder mutation in this population" so will count the segregations as one family

      SupplementalData: n/a

    1. 926T > C and 121–1G > A in one case

      Case: Haagerup II:8

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      CasePresentingHPOsFreeText: not specified

      CaseNOTHPOs:

      CaseNOTHPOSFreeText: not specified

      CasePreviousTesting: same as group

      CaseGenotypingMethod: same as group

      Variants: c926T>C and c121-1G>A

      ClinVarID: or CAID: ClinVarID: 8426; ClinVarID: 859435

      gnomAD: 2/129174 European (non-Finnish) alleles at a frequency of 0.00001548 with no homozygotes; 4/112000 European (non-Finnish) alleles at a frequency of 0.00003571 with no homozygotes

      AddCaseInfo:

      PreviouslyPublished: no

      VariantEvidence: predicted but variant was proven to segregate with disease; predicted to delete all of exon 3

    1. 4H-Sc.236C>T (p.A79V)c.1882C>T (p.R628*)This report

      Case#: Kwak Patient #4, 2yo at dx

      DiseaseAssertion: Hurler-Scheie

      FamilyInfo:

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000280, HP:0007957, HP:0100790, HP:0000924, HP:0001627, HP:0001433

      CaseHPOFreeText: IDUA activity=6.5 nmol/mg protein/hr, uGAGs=202.8 CPC unit/g creatinine

      CaseNotHPOs:

      CaseNotHPOFreeText:

      PreviouslyPublished:

      Variant: c.236C>T (p.A79V); c.1882C>T (p.R628*)-Path in ClinVar

      ClinVar: 1458769; 550421

      CAID:

      SupplementalData: supplemental file contains phenotype information

    1. Ten of our patients were homozygous to the previously reported c.336C>G founder mutation

      These 10 patients include 8 that are explicitly stated to have been previously published (PMID: 22405087). The remaining 2 are not explicitly noted to have been previously published, but the first author from the other publication (Abela, PMID 28463998) is listed as an author on this paper, the probands are siblings from Israeli origin, and have the same age gap as in the other paper. Not scoring since these patients are likely previously published

    2. Here, we report an international multicenter cohort of 16 patients (of whom 7 are newly diagnosed) with biallelic pathogenic variants in ACO2 gene.

      Sharkia Proband A-3, onset at 5 weeks old, 5yo at report, Caucasian, American, male. Patient A3 has

      Variant: c.590A>G and c.172C>T

      CaseHPO: HP:0001252, HP:0001251, HP:0001250, HP:0002120, HP:0001272, HP:0000648, HP:0000512, HP:0012736, HP:0001508, HP:0000252, HP:0030890

    1. The ethnic background of these families was as follows: northern European (two), Czech, Spanish, Portuguese (two), Indian, and Honduran. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes using the Puregene Genomic DNA Isolation kit (Gentra Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota). Exons 2–8 of the cathepsin K gene (14) were amplified from genomic DNA of Pycno patients by PCR, isolated, and sequenced by cycle sequencing with an ABI 377 Sequencer (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, Conneticut, USA).

      Case: Family 2

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      CasePresentingHPOsFreeText: not specified

      CaseNOTHPOs:

      CaseNOTHPOSFreeText: not specified

      CasePreviousTesting: none

      CaseGenotypingMethod: Exons 2-8 were amplified by PCR and sequenced.

      Variant: Q190X

      ClinVarID: or CAID: ClinVarID: 371328

      gnomAD: The variant is reported in 1/30616 South Asian alleles at a frequency of 0.00003266, with no homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1.1.

      AddCaseInfo:

      PreviouslyPublished:

      VariantEvidence: none

    1. Medical records of 26 patients with germline mutations of the VHL gene who had been diagnosed with VHL disease in Severance Hospital (Seoul, Republic of Korea) and Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Republic of Korea) between 2003 and 2012 were respectively reviewed. Peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated and directly sequenced. One 17Y female patient (Patient 49) presented with multiple and/or bilateral renal cell carcinoma and central nervous system hemangioblastoma. She had a germline missense mutation in the VHL gene (c.586A>T; Lys196Stop). The patient had a positive family history of VHL disease and was diagnosed with VHL Type 1. Phenotypes revised from previous report (PMID 19270817).

    1. 19p.P86S>18NAffected1 Hb, KC, PC, 1 RCC+ 1RCC, 1 Hb, ELST, ✞

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 19

      Case: Sex and Ethnicity unknown; Age >18Y0M (deceased)

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797;HP:0000107; HP:0001737; HP:0005584; HP:0030393 (hemangioblastoma, renal cyst, pancreatic cysts, renal cell carcinoma, endolymphatic sac tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: At initial screening, patient was found with 1 HB, 1 renal cyst, 1 pancreatic cyst, and 1 RCC. By final screening, the 5 year follow up, there was an additional RCC, HB, and endolymphatic sac tumor.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P86S (c.256C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 178692 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/178692/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: P86S(c.256C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 86 VHL patients

      A cohort of VHL patients from the Greater Toronto Area in Canada were retrospectively reviewed. 3 patients were found with this germline mutation (c.263G>A). Whether patients were related, age, and sex data was not reported in this paper, although they were previously reported under PMID: 29437867. Both patients (patient 58 and 59) were asymptomatic, and Patient ID 43 was with hemangioblastoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

    2. 35 (45%) had missense variants

      PatientID: 7

      KindredID: 7

      Case: Age, Sex, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient was recorded with a CNS hemangioblastoma

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0030421; HP:0006770; HP:0100634; HP:0030405; HP:0009711 (epididymal tumour, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine neoplasm, pancreatic endocrine tumour, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: patient was recorded without CCRCC, and a pheochromocytoma and/or paraganglioma (neuroendocrine neoplasm), pancreatic endocrine tumour (or pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm), and a retinal hemangioblastoma, or a epididymal tumor

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes; see table S1 for VHL subject genetic and manifestation information.

      Variant: p.N78S (c.233A>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 93326 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/93326/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: N78S (c.233A>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. 35 (45%) had missense variants,

      PatientID: 49

      KindredID: 49

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0100634 (Neuroendocrine neoplasm)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Recorded as a pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0006770; HP:0030405; HP:0009711; HP:0030421 (hemangioblastoma; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, retinal capillary hemangioma, Epididymal neoplasm)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes; see table S1 for VHL subject genetic and manifestation information.

      Variant: p.P154L (c.461C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 649525 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/649525/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: P154L (c.461C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    4. 86 VHL patients

      PatientID: 59

      KindredID: 59

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL (asymptomatic)

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: None

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0100634; HP:0030405; HP:0030421; HP:0006770 (hemangioblastoma; retinal capillary hemangioma, Neuroendocrine neoplasm, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, Epididymal neoplasm; clear cell renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 29437867

      SupplementalData: Yes; see table S1 for VHL subject genetic and manifestation information.

      Variant: p.W88* (c.263G>A)

      LegacyVariant: p.W88* (c.476G>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182978 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182978/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: W88* (c.263G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Conference object (Published version)

      This study examined the expression of hypoxia related genes in renal cell carcinoma. The authors analyzed the tumor and surrounding healthy tissue in 10 patients who had radical nephrectomy due to RCC. DNA was isolated from blood, tumor and surrounding healthy tissue for sequencing VHL gene. Only 1 patient had a hereditary form of RCC with a substitution of leucine to proline at position 25 (P25L) as a polymorphism of the VHL gene. ACMG: 'PP4' because the patient' phenotype is highly specific for a disease with single genetic etiology.

    1. Medical records of 31 Asian Indian genetically proven VHL patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma were studied. A 42 year old male (Patient 20) presented with unilateral pheochromocytoma (42Y) and central nervous system hemangioblastoma (42Y). Genetic testing (PCR and Sanger sequencing) confirmed a non-familial missense mutation at c.487C>T of the VHL gene. He has a negative family history.

    1. PatientID: 3

      KindredID: A (III-11)

      Case: M, 35Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient's mother (II:7) carried the VHL mutation and presented with hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and renal cysts. The patient had one brother (III:12) who had the mutation and presented with renal cell carcinoma, one asymptomatic sister (III:10) who did not undergo genetic testing and a sister (III:13) who had the mutation and renal cell carcinoma, retinal angioma, and hemangioblastoma. On the mother's side of the family there was extensive history of VHL disease. Refer to Figure 1 for family pedigree and information regarding extended family members.

      CohortInfo: 10 VHL patients with renal cell carcinoma and a definite VHL family history.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0005584, HP:0000107, HP:0009711 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, renal cyst, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and retinal angioma at age 26. Underwent radical nephrectomy of both the right and left side. There was a complication, interstitial cellular rejection and retroperitoneal abscess. The patient had five renal cell carcinomas and five renal cysts. The patient had a satellite lesion.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V170D (c.509T>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625256 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625256/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence:N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: V170D (c.509T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Case 2This 10 year old girl presented with intermittent fever for the past one month. Her birth history was unremarkable. She was the fourth child of nonconsanguineous parents. Her family history was not significant for tumor occurrence. Physical examination revealed a blood pressure level of 160/100 mmHg (95p: 120/79 mmHg) and a heart rate of 110 beats per minute. Laboratory tests showed an elevated 24 h urinary VMA level of 83 mg/day. Abdominal MRI revealed a 44x33 mm, well circumscribed mass with a necrotic core in the left adrenal gland. Subtotal adrenalectomy was performed and histologic examination showed that the tumor was PCC. During two years of follow-up, a 20x19x12 mm mass was detected in the right adrenal gland on abdominal MRI. PET-computed tomography (CT) with 68Ga-DOTA‐DPhe1, Tyr3‐octreotate (68Ga- DOTATATE) showed increased uptake in the right adrenal gland and a 11x10 mm nodular lesion in the corpus of the pancreas (Figure 2). The tumoral masses in the adrenal gland and pancreas were removed. Histologic investigation of adrenal and pancreas specimens confirmed the diagnosis of PCC and PNET (World Health Organisation grade 3) respectively. One year later, an 8x7 mm lesion in the pancreas, compatible with recurrence, was observed on abdominal MRI and confirmed with 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT. Splenectomy and subtotal pancreatectomy were performed for removal of the lesion. Histologic examination of the pancreatic lesion reported a neuroendocrine tumor. Bilateral PCC with PNET suggested the diagnosis of VHL disease. Molecular genetic analysis of the VHL gene revealed a heterozygous missense mutation c. 386 T>G (p.Leu129Pro) which has been previously described. No additional VHL tumor developed during three years follow up.

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: F, 13Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family history was not significant for tumor occurrence.

      CohortInfo: Two cases of VHL disease in children, who presented with PCC as the first manifestation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748, HP:0030405 (Adrenal pheochromocytoma, pancreatic endocrine tumour)

      CaseHPOFreeText: At age 10, abdominal MRI revealed a 44x33 mm mass with a necrotic core in the left adrenal gland. Subtotal adrenalectomy was performed and histologic examination showed that the tumor was PCC. During two years of follow-up, a 20x19x12 mm mass was detected in the right adrenal gland and a 11x10 mm nodular lesion in the corpus of the pancreas which was found to be a pancreatic endocrine tumour. One year later, the pancreatic endocrine tumour reoccured.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L129P (c.386T>C) *the cDNA change is misrecorded in the paper as 386T>G

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625242 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625242/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: L129P (c.386T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.340G>A

      Of 31 Brazilian patients, four presented with the c.340G>A (p.Gly114Ser) mutation of the VHL gene. Genomic DNA was extracted and all VHL coding regions were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. MLPA was performed to investigate large deletions using SALSA® MLPA® P016 VHL probe mix. Data analysis was performed with Genescan 3.7. Of these four patients, three were of the same family. Individual 1 of family 1, 38 years old, presented with paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, and pancreatic endocrine tumor. Individual 2 of family 1, age 20, had a history of sudoresis, headaches, and abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with hypertension. At 4 years old, a CT scan revealed a 5cm heterogenous mass in the right adrenal gland and he underwent a right nodulectomy. 3 years later, a bilateral recurrence was found (4cm right and 1.5cm left nodules) and he underwent a right-side adrenalectomy and a left-side nodulectomy. 13 years later he presented with a left-side reoccurance (1.3cm nodule) and elevated plasmatic normetanephrine levels. He underwent left-side adrenalectomy. He also presented with paraganglioma, pancreatic endocrine tumor (at 20Y) and CNS hemangioblastoma. Individual 3 of family 1, 26 years old, presented with paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, pancreatic endocrine tumor, renal cyst, CNS hemangioblastoma and retinal hemangioblastoma. The relation between these familials was not specified. Individual 4 of family 2 presented with left-side pheochromocytoma (6cm) and a right-side pheochromocytoma, (5.5cm) at 8 years. She also presented with pancreatic endocrine tumor (1.5cm) at 14Y.

    1. 41 non-related patients with retinal angiomatosis presenting in the Benjamin Franklin University Eye Clinic between 1988 to 1999 Germany were evaluated for the presence of other VHL lesions. VHL disease was diagnosed clinically in 33 patients based on the presence of other severe VHL lesions (spinal hemangioblastoma 45% prevalence, cerebellar hemangioblastoma 42% prevalence, renal cysts 39% prevalence, pancreatic cyst 39% prevalence, renal carcinoma 18% prevalence, PCC 18% prevalence). VHL germline mutations were identified in 27 out of 29 VHL families screened with molecular genetics. This patient with VHL-related retinal angiomatosis was found to have germline nonsense (c.208G>T) mutaion in the VHL gene. 1 other affected relative was also evaluated. ACMG evidence codes: 'PP4' because the patients' phenotypes and family history are highly specific for a disease with single genetic etiology.

    2. GroupID: None (20)

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: 2

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: This family group of 2 individuals have clinically confirmed VHL disease. These individuals were found to harbor a c.463+3A>G splice variant (noted in the paper as c.676+3A>G due to Latif reference transcript being used).

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: Patients within this family were found to have a clinical diagnosis of VHL disease. No VHL clinical phenotypes were explicitly stated other than retinal angiomatosis in at least one patient.

      GroupNotHPOs: N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: c.463+3A>G

      LegacyVariant: c.676+3A>G

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 428796, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428796/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition; splice_site_variant

      CivicName: c.463+3A>G

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Germline mutations were identified in 300/469 (63%) of the families tested; 137 distinct intragenic germline mutations were detected.

      GroupID/ KindredID: R-D

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: N/A

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: This germline familial VHL mutation was taken from the Utrecht, The Netherlands database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID R-D. Table 4 lists all ID and mutations associated with individuals with pheochromocytoma.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: Described as a VHL family with pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, including renal cell carcinoma, however not detailed here.

      GroupNotHPOs: N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V170D (c.509T>A)

      LegacyVariant: p.V170D (c.722T>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625256 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625256/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: V170D (c.509T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. Germline mutations were identified in 300/469 (63%) of the families tested; 137 distinct intragenic germline mutations were detected.

      Germline mutational data on VHL was gathered from various countries to assess variation in germline mutations that produce disease within different populations. Families were grouped according to three possible outcomes of disease: renal cell carcinoma without pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma with pheochromocytoma, or pheochromocytoma alone. SSCP and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis identified mutations in 300/469 (63%) of families affected with VHL. This germline familial VHL mutation (E94* (c.280G>T)) was taken fromthe Cambridge, Department of Pathology database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID 51CA. It was reported in the paper as c.493G>T due to a difference in transcript reference. As reported in Table 3, this mutation is found in VHL families without pheochromocytoma, and with renal cell carcinoma.

    3. Germline mutations were identified in 300/469 (63%) of the families tested; 137 distinct intragenic germline mutations were detected.

      Germline mutational data on VHL was gathered from various countries to assess variation in germline mutations that produce disease within different populations. Families were grouped according to three possible outcomes of disease: renal cell carcinoma without pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma with pheochromocytoma, or pheochromocytoma alone. SSCP and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis identified mutations in 300/469 (63%) of families affected with VHL. This germline familial VHL mutation (N78H (c.232A>C)) was taken from multiple databases including: the National Cancer Institute database, the Department of Uroglogy, Yokohama database, and the Cambridge, Department of Pathology database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family IDs 4389NCI, 1YO, 34CA. It was reported in the paper as c.445A>C due to a difference in transcript reference. As reported in Table 3, this mutation is found in VHL families without pheochromocytoma, and with renal cell carcinoma.

    4. Germline mutations were identified in 300/469 (63%) of the families tested; 137 distinct intragenic germline mutations were detected.

      GroupID/ KindredID: 3563NCI

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: N/A

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: This germline familial VHL mutation was taken from the National Cancer Institute database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID 3563NCI. Table 3 lists all ID and mutations associated with individuals possessing renal carcinoma, without phechromocytoma.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005548 (renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: Described as a VHL familywith RCC, without pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, however not detailed in this publication

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 7728151; 9829911

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V62Cfs*5 (c.180delG)

      LegacyVariant: (c.393delG)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182986 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182986/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: This paper declares this variant is predicted to compromise the Elongin-binding site by truncating the protein.

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: V62fs (c.180delG)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    5. Germline mutations were identified in 300/469 (63%) of the families tested; 137 distinct intragenic germline mutations were detected.

      Germline mutational data on VHL was gathered from various countries to assess variation in germline mutations that produce disease within different populations. Families were grouped according to three possible outcomes of disease: renal cell carcinoma without pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma with pheochromocytoma, or pheochromocytoma alone. SSCP and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis identified mutations in 300/469 (63%) of families affected with VHL. This germline familial VHL mutation (W88R (c.262T>A)) was taken from the National Cancer Institute database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID 1255NCI. It was reported in the paper as c.475T>A due to a difference in transcript reference. As reported in Table 3, this mutation is found in VHL families without pheochromocytoma, and with renal cell carcinoma. Later publications reference this cohort as being reported in PMIDs: 7728151 and 9829911.

    6. Germline mutations were identified in 300/469 (63%) of the families tested; 137 distinct intragenic germline mutations were detected.

      GroupID/ KindredID: 13F, 564NCI, 1239NCI

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: N/A

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: This germline familial VHL mutation was taken from the Neuro Olcologie database in Paris and the National Cancer Institute database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family IDs 13F, 564NCI, 1239NCI. Table 3 lists all ID and mutations associated with individuals possessing renal carcinoma, without pheochromocytoma.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005548 (renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: Described as a VHL family with RCC, without pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, however not detailed in this publication

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 7728151; 9829911

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.W117C (c.351G>T)

      LegacyVariant: p.W117C (c.564G>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 167827 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/167827/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: W117C (c.351G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. missense mutation L128P in the VHL gene

      This study retrospectively reviewed the nephrectomy specimens for 20 patients, for whom histologic slides were available, from the authors respective institutes’ VHL clinics over a 15-year period (1996 to 2011). One patient (case 3) was found to have a history of VHL disease with a confirmed germline missense mutation (p.L128P (c.383T>C)) of the VHL gene. The 38 year old female proband presented with multiple bilateral renal tumors, and underwent multiple partial nephrectomies with tumor enucleations. Six of such tumors were identified and they ranged in size from 0.4-6.5 cm. Of these, 4 tumors were CCRCCs and 2 tumors showed were diagnosed as CCPRCCs confined to the kidney. Further, the tumors were classified as hemangioblastomas. ACMG evidence codes: 'PP4' since the patient presents phenotypes highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

    1. c.463 + 43A > G (intron 2)

      GroupID/ KindredID: None

      DiseaseAssertion: dilatation of the cerebral artery

      GroupSize: 8

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: 8 patients are listed with this SNP mutation; any relation is unknown.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0004944 (dilatation of the cerebral artery)

      GroupHPOFreeText: All members are stated to have intracranial aneurysms. Other manifestations are possible but not clear.

      GroupNotHPOs: N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: c.463+43A>G

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 1244574 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/1244574/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.01186 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10188363-A-G

      VariantEvidence: This variant’s large allele frequency means this is likely non disease causing (not deleterious; polymorphism).

      MutationType: splice_site_variant; intron_variant

      CivicName: Splice Region (463+43A>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.482 G>Aap.R161Q

      GroupID: 22B

      DiseaseAssertion: Unknown. Patients were pulled from either the VHL-Registry or NET-Registry and recorded with the given mutation. Symptoms or manifestations are not clear.

      GroupSize: 8

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: 8 patients with the given mutation were grouped as group 22(B) in this study. These patients were asymptomatic or unclear of symptoms.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: N/A

      GroupHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0030405 (pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R161Q (c.482G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182983 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182983/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: R161Q (c.482G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. c.357 C>Gap.F119L

      GroupID: 10A

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: 2

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: 2 VHL patients with the given VHL mutation and manifestation were grouped in this study.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0030405 (pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      GroupHPOFreeText: Patients have islet cell tumors (ICTs), or listed as pancreatic endocrine tumor. Other clinical manifestations outside of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor are possible, but were not discussed.

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.F119L (c.357C>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625240 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625240/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: F119L (c.357C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. c.266 T/Cap.L89P

      GroupID: 5A

      Case: Sex, Age, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None. The patient with the given mutation in this study was a VHL patient with pancreatic ICTs.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405 (pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient has islet cell tumors (ICTs), or listed as pancreatic endocrine tumor.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L89P (c.266T>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182979 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182979/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: L89P (c.266T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. In a study of 426 unrelated VHL patients, 111 were discovered to have alterations in the VHL gene. 18 novel variants were identified in VHL patients, but none were present in 200 unaffected control individuals. DNA samples from peripheral blood leukocytes underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis of the entire coding sequence and intron-exon boundaries. The R161Q (c.482G>A) germline missense mutation of the VHL gene was found in a 8 year old VHL patient with pheochromocytoma (index case 244).

    2. In a study of 426 unrelated VHL patients, 111 were discovered to have alterations in the VHL gene. 18 novel variants were identified in VHL patients, but none were present in 200 unaffected control individuals. DNA samples from peripheral blood leukocytes underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis of the entire coding sequence and intron-exon boundaries. The R161G (c.481C>G) germline missense mutation of the VHL gene was found in a 27 year old VHL patient with no family history, hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system and retinal hemangioblastomas and pheochromocytoma, and renal cysts (index case 5).

    1. Patient’s father has von Hippel-Lindau disease and had undergone bilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma and bilateral nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. A pathogenic VHL mutation (c.583C > T, p.Q195X) was found in the patient, which was same as the father.

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: M, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: This patient is the father of case 2 (patient 1; kindred 2). His son was found to have a right adrenal mass detected by MRI at 13Y0M. His son has the same VHL nonsense mutation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748, HP:0005548 (adrenal pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma )

      CaseHPOFreeText: This patient was previously diagnosed with VHL disease and undergone bilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma and bilateral nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Q195* (c.583C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 428794, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428794/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Q195* (c.583C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. one nonsense VHL mutation was detected in a young patient with a solitary central nervous system hemangioblastoma without familial history

      Eligible patients were all index cases with clinical diagnosis or clinical suspicion of type 1 VHL referred for genetic testing from 2003 to 2015. Universal primer quantitative fluorescent multiplex polymerase chain reaction (UPQFM-PCR) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis was completed using peripheral blood leukocytes. This patient (ID #22) was found with this VHL nonsense mutation (c.264G>A) when they were 13Y. They did not fulfil type 1 VHL clinical diagnosis. They presented with CNS hemangioblastoma at 13Y. Family history was unremarkable.

    1. other VHL patients

      An Israeli specialized center identified 32 VHL patients belonging to 16 diferent kindreds. This retorspective collection and analysis of clinical, labratory and imaging data of VHL patients involved one individual belonging to kindred II. Genetic analysis via direct VHL gene sequencing and quantitiative Southern blot identified the W88* (c.263G>A) mutation. This individual (49Y, M) had cerebellar hemangioblatomas, bilateral RCC and nephrectomy, as well as pancreatic surgery for his PNENs. He passed away at 54Y, without any family history reported.

    1. 383T>C

      PatientID: 5

      KindredID: 5

      Case: F, 27Y0M, Korean

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None. Sporadic

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: 'Other' phenotypes found in patient. These are noted in the paper to include: pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), renal and pancreatic cysts and central nervous system tumors, although it is not clearly stated that patient has all. (See Table 1).

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L128P (c.383T>C)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 1208816 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/1208816

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: L128P (c.383T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: III-9

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, Age Unknown, Middle Eastern

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Multigenerational Kuwaiti family with Arabian and Persian genetic admixture. Thirteen members of the family had been clinically diagnosed as having VHL. Patient 1-I had 6 children, 5 of which were found with VHL and the p.W117C mutation. 7/20 of her grandchildren also found to have VHL and the same mutation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0006770; HP:0009713; HP:0009711; HP:0006880 (hemangioblastoma; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; spinal hemangioblastoma; retinal capillary hemangioma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Member had clear cell renal carcinomas in addition to hemangioblastomas. She had undergone multiple surgeries because of tumors involving the cerebellum, cervical spine, lumbar spine, multiple abdominal and pelvic organs and the retina. The tumor had been demonstrated on angiography as very extensive and vascular. The patient had had a partial nephrectomy, adrenalectomy, distal pancreatomy for involvement of the tail of the pancreas with a hemangioblastoma and a left salpingoophorectomy.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: Lacked evidence of any pheos.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.W117C (c.351G>T)

      LegacyVariant: p.Trp117Cys (c.564G>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 167827 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/167827/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: W117C (c.351G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. PatientID: III-8

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, Age Unknown, Middle Eastern

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Multigenerational Kuwaiti family with Arabian and Persian genetic admixture. Thirteen members of the family had been clinically diagnosed as having VHL. Patient 1-I had 6 children, 5 of which were found with VHL and the p.W117C mutation. 7/20 of her grandchildren also found to have VHL and the same mutation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0006770; HP:0009725; HP:0030692 (hemangioblastoma; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; bladder tumour; brain tumour)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Member had clear cell renal carcinomas in addition to hemangioblastomas. She was also the only member of the family to be diagnosed as having a bladder tumor, considered rare in VHL cases, and a brain tumor.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: Lacked evidence of any pheos.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.W117C (c.351G>T)

      LegacyVariant: p.Trp117Cys (c.564G>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 167827 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/167827/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: W117C (c.351G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Missense VHL gene mutation Arg161Gln (695G-A) was found in two families

      PatientID: proband

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, Age unknown, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: There is a history of non-syndromic familial pheochromocytoma in this patient’s family history as well as a confirmed presence of this same germline mutation in their family: sister and mother

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Only non-syndromic pheochromocytomas were discussed here. See PMID: 20120764 for detailed information

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: No clinical manifestations of hereditary syndromes, including MEN2A, MEN2B, VHL, and NF1 were found

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 20120764 - contains detailed family and patient information

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R161Q (c.482G>A)

      LegacyVariant: p.R161Q (c.695G>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182983 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182983/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R161Q (c.482G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. Leu163Phe (700C-T)

      PatientID: (proband)

      KindredID: 3

      Case: M, Age unknown, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: There is a history of non-syndromic familial pheochromocytoma in this patient’s family history, however their relatives were not available for the study. It is not perfectly clear which pedigree belongs to this family.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: non-syndromic pheochromocytoma

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: No clinical manifestations of hereditary syndromes, including MEN2A, MEN2B, VHL, and NF1 were found

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L163F (c.487C>T)

      LegacyVariant: p.L163F (c.700C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 480772 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/480772/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: L163F (c.487C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. In a study of 114 unrelated VHL families, 85 germline mutations were found. VHL mutations were detected in affected family members, but not in unaffected family members or 96 normal individuals. This mutation also found in 3 family members with VHL type 1 phenotype (family ID 3624), using PCR and SSCP sequencing. The mutation of c.526delA was referred to in the paper by c.739delA due to a difference in transcript sequence. One of 3 individuals was identified with renal cell carcinoma, two with CNS hemangioblastomas and retinal hemngioblastomas. ACMG codes as follows: PVS1, frameshift variant occurs in a gene where loss of function is a known mechanism of disease.

    2. GroupID: 3575

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 3

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: Familial VHL stated; 3 family members recorded with this mutation.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 2/3 members had retinal angiomas (hemangiomas), 1 had CNS hemangioblastoma and 1 had RCC

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.N150Ifs*9 (c.448delA)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: NM_000551.3:c.448delA adjusts to up to date to NM_000551.4:c.449delA

      LegacyVariant: p.221fs (c.661delA)

      ClinVarID: 195093 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/195093/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: N150fs (c.448delA)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. GroupID: 3624

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 3

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: Familial VHL stated; 3 family members recorded with this mutation.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797; HP:0005584 (retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 2/3 members had retinal angioma (hemangioma), 2/3 had CNS hemangioblastoma, and 1 had RCC

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 8956040 (type 1 3624NCI)

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R176Gfs*26 (c.526delA)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: p.R247fs (c.739delA)

      ClinVarID: 625257 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625257/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: R176fs (c.526del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    4. GroupID: 3314

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 3

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: Familial VHL stated; 3 family members recorded with this mutation.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797; HP:0005584 (retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 2/3 members had retinal angioma (hemangioma), 2/3 had CNS hemangioblastoma, and 1 had RCC

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 8956040

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L178P (c.533T>C)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: p.L249P (c.746T>C)

      ClinVarID: 428795 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428795/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: L178P (c.533T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PMID: 7977367

      Tissue analysis from 61 VHL patients, 30 sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumor samples, and 6 sporadic RCC cell lines revealed 22 variants within VHL patients, 10 variants in tumor samples and variants in all cell lines. All mutations cluster to the 3’ end of the VHL gene open reading frame, implicating this region as important for the tumor-suppressor function of the VHL protein. Northern blot, SSCP and RT-PCR analysis from normal tissue found a germline p.G93Afs* (c.278delG) mutation, stated in the paper as c.490delG due to an older transcript. It was seen in family [pedigree No] 16, with an unknown number of members described as ‘VHL-affected’ with RCC. Other manifestations are possible but not clear.

    2. PMID: 7977367

      Tissue analysis from 61 VHL patients, 30 sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumor samples, and 6 sporadic RCC cell lines revealed 22 variants within VHL patients, 10 variants in tumor samples and variants in all cell lines. All mutations cluster to the 3’ end of the VHL gene open reading frame, implicating this region as important for the tumor-suppressor function of the VHL protein. RT-PCR analysis in RCC cell lines found a p.R82C (c.244C>T) mutation, stated in the paper as c.457C>T due to an older transcript. It was seen in cell line ACHN. Any family information or other manifestations apart from RCC were unclear.

    1. 21 missense mutations

      PatientID: 28

      KindredID: 288

      Case: Sex unknown, Age unknown, French

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: One other member belonging to family 288 was mentioned (Patient: 5). This patient was found to have a pancreatic endocrine tumour and pheochromocytoma, without renal cell carcinoma.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405; HP:0002666 (pancreatic endocrine tumour, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R161Q (c.482G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182983 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182983/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence:N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R161Q (c.482G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: III-23

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, Age unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: asymptomatic

      FamilyInfo: Large multigenerational family with a history of both VHL and spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Screening for clinical and genetic diagnostics were gathered as well as thorough information on non-living members. His mom and grandmother appeared to have the VHL mutation. See family pedigree (Fig. 1).

      CasePresentingHPOs: None

      CaseHPOFreeText: VHL found by genetic testing not clinical findings.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.E160Sfs*10 (c.477delA)

      LegacyVariant: c.688delA

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: c.477del, p.Glu160Serfs10 should be used. Details: 477del same as 475delA bc that codon is AAA so doesn't matter which A gets deleted: there is an A at 475 476 477 so for HGVS we say that 477 (the latter) is deleted since that follows HGVS nomenclature. Thus use c.477del: p.Glu160Serfs10

      ClinVarID: 182959 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182959/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: E160fs (c.477del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. 19 members of a large family were found to harbour the deletion of a single adenosine (A) at nucleotide 688 of VHL gene through genetic testing. Converted to NM_000551.3 standards this is a E160Sfs*10 (c.477delA) mutation. 9 members were genetically confirmed, alongside phenotypic presentations. Patient I.1 had 16 kids, 8 of which were known to have VHL. Southern blot analysis and PCR were performed on germline DNA samples. The proband (I.1), female of age 48, was found to have spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and subsequently died at age 54 of pneumonia. Two of her children (II.1, II.28) and one grandchild (III.24) were noted as having CNS and renal involvement. Another child (II.5), was reported as having renal involvement. Another daughter (II.13) and a grand daughter (III.38) were noted as having CNS involvement. Her son (II.26), age 34, presented with a haemangioblastoma in the cerebellum. One year later an oesophageal abnormality was found. 10 years later, bilateral clear cell renal cancer and a syrinx associated with a spinal cord haemangioblastoma were found. He had baseline tachycardia and cystic lesions in the pancreas. A scrotal ultrasound examination showed he had a multicystic mass above his left testis consistent with epididymal cystadenoma. Haemangioblastomas posterior to the medulla with cysts splaying the medulla were also reported as well as cervical and thoracic spine hemangioblastomas. Finally, the probands grand-daughter (III.9), age 32, had a history of retinal angiomas since teen years and retinal detachment at the age of 23. She had olivopontocerebellar atrophy since her mid-late 20's due to new onset slurred speech and illegible handwriting and cysts of the pancreas and kidney detected at 22 years. She also presented multiple renal cysts without renal tumours, neuroendocrine/islet cell carcinoma (mass in the tail of the pancreas) and liver metastatic foci. Neuroimaging showed diffuse cerebellar and brain stem atrophy with slight atrophy of the cervical cord. A neurological exam revealed ataxia, dysarthria, dysmetria, and bulbar signs. She and various members of this family were also found to have abnormal increase in CAG repeats (41 instead of the normal 15-29) in one allele of her ataxin-2 gene (SCA2). ACMG evidence codes: 'PP1' since we have cosegregation with the disease in multiple affected family members, 'PP4' since the patient presents phenotypes highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

    1. GroupID/ KindredID: VHL 29

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 2

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: German

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: 2 patients with the given mutation belonging to VHL family 29

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797; HP:0002666 (retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: both (2) patients have retinal capillary hemangiomas, hemangioblastoma, and pheochromocytoma

      GroupNotHPOs: N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L178Q (c.533T>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: p.L178Q (c.746T>A)

      ClinVarID: 625260 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625260/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes and hybridization conditions confirmed

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: L178Q (c.533T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. G93V (28) 1 

      GroupID:N/A

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CohortInfo: 301 were enrolled to evaluate the natural history of vHL-associated pancreatic lesions. Of these, 69 patients with pancreatic manifestations of vHL disease and missense VHL mutations were included in the current study.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001732 (abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.G93V (c.278G>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625232 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625232/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName:G93V(c.278G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. KindredID:52

      GroupID: 6

      GroupSize: Unknown

      GroupNumberMales: Unknown

      GroupNumberFemales: Unknown

      GroupEthnicity: Unknown

      GroupAgeRange: Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupInfo: Kindred no.52 describes a family where at least one member (unspecified how many) had this mutation in the VHL gene.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: N/A

      GroupHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: Pheochromocytoma was not observed in any members of the affected patient(s)' family (VHL type 1).

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.S65L (c.194C>T)

      LegacyVariant: c.407C>T (p.S136L)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182975, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182975/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence:

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: S65L(c.194C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.239G>T [p.Ser80Ile]

      PatientID: Fetus 2 (of proband)

      KindredID: 9

      Case: Fetus, sex unknown, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: N/A

      FamilyInfo: Positive - Family history of RCC and Pheo; Parent had CNS hemangioblastoma presenting at 26Y. In prenatal diagnosis, two fetuses (1 & 2) were positive for the mutation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.S80I (c.239G>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 625229 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625229/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: S80I (c.239G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 7 c.239G>A p.Ser80Asn p.S80N Familial VHL

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 7

      Case: Age, Sex, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Reported as familial VHL - no further information provided

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0010797; HP:0001737; HP:0005584; HP:0000107 (pheochromocytoma, hemangioblastoma, pancreatic cysts, renal cell carcinoma, renal cyst)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: Previously reported, HGMD (Human Gene Mutation Database: http://uwcmml1s.uwcm.ac.uk/uwcm/mg/search/120488.html)

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.S80N (c.239G>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 1070179 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/1070179/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: S80N (c.239G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 563T→C Ts Exon 3 188 CTG L L188P

      A study of 103 patients with VHL retinal manifestations and 108 patients without VHL retinal manifestations extracted from the French VHL database revealed that the number of hemangioblastomas appeared higher in patients who had a substitution when compared with patients with a truncated protein. Detected by PCR and SSCP, this mutation (L188P (c.563T>C)) was found in a VHL patient with retinal hemangioblastomas. Other manifestations are not clearly stated. No family information was provided. This is possibly previously published in PMID: 15300849

    1. 1 France c.266T>C p.Leu89Pro

      GroupID: 7

      Case: Sex unknown, Age unknown, French

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Unknown. 1 registrant was found with this variant; no family info was mentioned

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030393 (Endolymphatic sac tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L89P (c.266T>C)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182979 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182979/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: L89P (c.266T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. 1 France c.525C>G p.Tyr175*

      Patients with ELSTs were identified and included in the International Endolymphatic Sac Tumor Registry. The registry contained 93 patients as of July 2014, and of those, 25 were sporadic, and 68 associated with VHL. Patients with ELSTs and clinically confirmed diagnoses of VHL were included in this study. Statistics of this VHL subgroup are as follows: mean age 30, 62% female, 91% symptomatic, 54% with retinal angioma, 72% with CNS hemangioblastoma, 46% with renal cell carcinoma, 19% with pheochromocytoma, and 12% with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. In the data from this study, only endolymphatic sac tumours can be confirmed as a phenotype for this mutation, which was found in 1 individual from France (c.525C>G).

    1. P3F2F12661nyOU20/250nn20/25nnn

      PatientID: 3

      KindredID: 2

      Case: F, 71Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: A family pedigree is provided. Patient’s daughter and granddaughter have the same mutation. Patient’s daughter had a retinal capillary hemangioma and lamellar macular hole in the left eye. The granddaughter did not seem to be affected.

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient has tumours, but which she has were not specified (table 1).

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001737 (Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: Patient did not have retinal capillary hemangiomas.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P192L (c.575C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 526677, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/526677/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: P192L (c.575C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: V60

      KindredID: V60

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Four unaffected family members were tested and found to be negative. No other family history was available.

      CohortInfo:92 unrelated patients with VHL disease.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R161Q(c.482G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182983 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182983/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName:R161Q(c.482G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PMID: 23143947

      PatientID: BII:6

      KindredID: B

      Case: M, 24Y0M (deceased), Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: cerebellar hemangioblastoma

      FamilyInfo: A 3-generation family is given with 1 confirmed member tested for VHL (proband: III:5). His mother likely had the mutation as the mother and her brother both had VHL phenotypes at young ages (27Y and 22Y).

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient had operation for cerebellar hemangioblastoma at the age of 22 and died of bilateral multiple hemangioblastoma at the age of 24, with no chance of surgical treatment.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002666; HP:0005584; HP:0001737 (retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P154L (c.461C>T) [assumed]

      LegacyVariant: p.P154L (c.647C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 649525, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/649525/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: No genetic testing was done prior to death, however family history and presentation leads to this assumption

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: P154L (c.461C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 13

      KindredID: 6

      Case: F, Age unknown, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: Asymptomatic

      FamilyInfo: Family #6 is large. The proband (patient 12) had 8 family members genetically confirmed with the mutation and two family members who passed away before diagnosis. The 8 genetically confirmed family members include patient 13/ her daughter (asymptomatic,) 14/ her mother (CNS hemangioblastoma at age 59,) 15/ her uncle 1 (CNS hemangioblastoma age 45, renal cell carcinoma at 59, multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 65), 18/ the son of her uncle 2 (CNS hemangioblastoma at age 22, renal cell carcinoma at 30, multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 31,) 19/ the granddaughter of her uncle 2 (asymptomatic), 20/ the second son of her uncle 2 (asymptomatic), 21/ her aunt (CNS hemangioblastoma and retinal angioma at 53,) and 22/ her uncle 3 (multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 29). The 2 family members who passed away before diagnosis are patients 16/ son of her uncle 1 (CNS hemangioblastoma at 22) and 17/ her uncle 2 (CNS hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at age 51).

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband's daughter, patient 13, was asymptomatic at the time of the study.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002666; HP:0010797; HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0005584 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pheochromocytoma, Hemangioblastoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Renal cell carcinoma )

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.S65L (c.194C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182975; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182975/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: S65L(c.194C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. PatientID: 115

      KindredID: 42

      Case: M, 12Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 42) had four family members confirmed with the mutation: his son (CNS hemangioblastoma at 12, retinal angioma at 11); his sister 1 (patient 116) presented with multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 53; his niece (daughter of sister 2) was asymptomatic at the time of assessment, and his nephew (son of brother 2) presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 12, and pheochromocytoma and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 18. The proband also had three family members who passed away before diagnosis/ before they could be confirmed with the mutation: his sister 2 (patient 117) had multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 46, his brother 1 presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 47, renal cell carcinoma at 59, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 59; and his brother 2 presented with a retinal capillary hemangioma at 43, and CNS hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 44.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; (Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 36, multiple pancreatic cysts and/or tumors at 40, and retinal angioma and renal cell carcinoma at 44.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0005584 (Pheochromocytoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 24581539) and Wang et al., 2014 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.W117G (c.349T>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 862346; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/862346/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: W117G (c.349T>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. A retrospective cohort study included all the VHL patients diagnosed at Peking University First Hospital (Beijing, China) prior to June 1 2016. A total of 291 patients from 115 different families were included for analysis. One male patient (patient 226) was found with this germline mutation from family #84. He was diagnosed with CNS hemangioblastoma at 24Y and multiple pancreatic lesions at 26Y. This cohort was also published in a paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

    1. A previous study of 26 Japanese, VHL families was extended to 41 additional families. Germline mutations were detected in 55 of 77 Japanese families using SSCP, direct sequencing, and Southern Blot analysis of peripheral blood samples. The W117C (c.351G>T) germline missense mutation was found in a VHL type 1 patient with hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system and pancreatic cysts or tumors (unspecified) (family ID 83).

    2. PatientID: None

      KindredID: 64

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Japanese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (Hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: CNS hemangioblastoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0009711; HP:0001732 (Renal cell carcinoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P86S (c.256C>T)

      LegacyVariant: c.469C>T

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 178692, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/178692/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: P86S (c.256C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Disease-associated genetic abnormalities were identified in all of the seven families examined.

      PatientID: father

      KindredID: F

      Case: M, 53Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family history is said to be positive. Patient’s father had hemangioblastoma of the CNS at 23Y, and pancreatic cysts at 25Y.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0001737 (hemangioblastoma, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient had hemangioblastoma of the CNS and pancreatic cysts diagnosed at 53Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Q145* (c.433C>T)

      LegacyVariant: p.Q145* (c.646C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625249 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625249/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Q145* (c.433C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 28a6Mc.353T>G2Missensep.Leu118Arg13P, mu, AP, H Asynchronous

      PatientID: 28

      KindredID: 6

      Case: M, 13Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: 2 members of this family, IDs #28 (13Y, M) and #29 (19Y, F) presented with the same variant and pheochromocytoma. Patient #28 also presented with head and neck as well as abdominal paraganglioma.

      CohortInfo: Thirty-one subjects were included in this study consisting of 16 SDHB mutation carriers and 15 subjects with VHL disease followed-up between 1975 and 2008. Subjects were included in the study if they had complete imaging from the base of the skull to the pelvis and measurements of urinary or plasma catecholamines. The case-notes and hospital databases were examined for the required data, which included: age at first symptom/diagnosis, family history, disease penetrance, site and size of tumor, symptoms, secretion of catecholamines, multifocal disease, metastatic disease, treatment and disease outcome.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002668 (Pheochromocytoma, Parganglioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Head and neck paraganglioma, abdominal paraganglioma and multifocal pheochromocytoma. 13Y at VHL diagnosis.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L118R (c.353T>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 428802, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428802/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: L118R (c.353T>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. In family 9 in our series, we identified a VHL germline mutation(470 C>T, Pro86Leu) in a 53 years old woman (proband 9) with asynchronous bilateral renal clear cell carcinomas, multiple renal cysts and pancreatic cysts and with no positive family history, in her younger brother with a single phenotype (pancreatic cysts),and in her niece with no detectable VHL lesions. It is of interest that we find the same mutation in another unrelated VHL family (family 10) in which affected patients have severe phenotypes including multiple CNS haemangioblastoma, retinal angiomas, bilateral RCCs and pancreatic cysts. Compared with the family 10, it is very likely that the affected members in the family 9 will develop CNS haemangioblastoma and retinal angiomas in the future.

      PatientID: II-1 (proband)

      KindredID: 9

      Case: F, 53Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: Younger brother with a pancreatic cyst was mentioned. Her kids and grandkids (III-1, III-2, IV-1, IV-2, IV-3) were all tested for the VHL gene but found to be normal. Her niece was detected with the same mutation as her but with no detectable VHL lesions. [see Fig. 2].

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0000107 (Renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts, renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had bilateral renal clear cell carcinomas, multiple renal cysts and pancreatic cysts

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0010797; HP:0009711 (pheochromocytoma, hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P86L (c.257C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: p.P86L (c.470C>T)

      ClinVarID: 182977 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182977/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: P86L (c.257C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. In a family with VHL, we identified a novel missense mutation (N78D), which affects a fully conserved residue in the VHL protein. Interestingly, several other missense mutations reported at same codon in the VHL protein that might be associated with a low risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but not pheochromocytoma appear to be associated with a VHL type 1 phenotype. At the moment, RCC is present in none of the affected mutation carriers in the family described here. In contrast to other missense changes at codon 78, the change in our VHL family is predicted to have a mild effect on VHL function, which apparently is insufficient to cause predisposition to RCC.

      PatientID: II-3

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 35Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Reported 3 siblings (II:3, II:6, II:7) of a family clinically diagnosed as having VHL type 1 was identified with the c.232A>G mutation. Two female siblings (II:1, II:2) died from CHB. Three (II:3, II:6, II:7) of the ten siblings had multiple CNS haemangioblastomas, and all tested positive for the mutation. The age of onset for all patients varied from 20 to 25 years, and it was likely inherited from the mother who had died at the age of 40 years due to haemangioblastoma (in the medulla oblongata), and hydrocephalus after having multiple operations.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009713; HP:0006880; HP:0030393; HP:0001737; HP:0000107 (spinal hemangioblastoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma; endolymphatic sac tumor; pancreatic cysts; renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient presented with headache, tinnitus and abdominal pain. She had a history of endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) treated by surgery. She had cerebellar/spinal haemangioblastomas, pancreas and kidney cystic masses.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.N78D (c.232A>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625226 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625226/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: N78D (c.232A>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. GroupID: 39

      Case: 45Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006880; HP:0005584 (retinal capillary hemangioma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma; renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had retinal capillary hemangioma diagnosed at 45Y, cerebellar hemangioblastomas diagnosed at 24Y, and RCC at 45Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.K196Rfs*59 (c.584_585delAG) 

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: This mutation also automaps to NM_000551.3:c.585_586delGA

      ClinVarID: 547831 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/547831/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_2_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: K196fs (c.584_585delAG)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. Genotype-phenotype correlations of 573 VHL patients were analyzed and confirmed that higher risk of pheochromocytoma is associated with missense mutations that result in substitution of a surface amino acid or that disrupt the structural integrity of the VHL gene product (pVHL). This mutation (c.472C>G) was found in a VHL type 1 patient pf 21Y old, with retinal hemangioblastomas and cerebellar hemangioblastomas. ACMG codes as follows: Supporting evidence of pathogenicity because Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease (PP2).

    1. 56 male patients age 12 to 76 years, from 40 families with VHL were examined as part of a larger screening program for VHL. VHL mutations were identified in 16 families. Individual patient phenotype-genotype data was not available, but the mutations found and whether the corresponding patient had epididymal cystadenoma (EC) was reported. A c.526delA VHL mutation was found in a VHL patient without EC. This mutation was referred to in the paper as c.739delA due to a difference in transcript sequence.

    1. 14 Chinese patients from 10 families were diagnosed with Von Hippel-Lindau disease based on clinical criteria. Genetic testing using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was conducted and aberrant bands were purified and sequenced. 2 families were discussed with the same mutation, a c.529A>T stop mutation in the VHL gene (stated as c.742A>T in the paper which used the Latif sequence as reference). Patient 10, belonging to family VI presented with CNS hemangioblastomas and retinal capillary hemangioma. No family information was discussed. Patient 11, belonging to family VII presented with CNS hemangioblastomas and died at 28 from a pancreatic tumor. No family information was discussed for this patient either.

    1. missense mutation at codon 194 (V194G) in exon 3

      A 17-year-old female was referred for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and anemia. SHe had a 2-year history of episodic sweating and palpitations. She was diagnosed with a left adrenal pheochromocytoma. A left adrenalectomy was performed. One month after the left adrenalectomy, CT and 131I-MIBG scintigraphy showed a mass in the para-aortic region located superior to the left adrenal gland; later, histology confirmed this to be an extraadrenal pheochromocytoma. A second laparoscopic surgery was performed to remove a para-aortic mass. Six months after surgery, metastatic lesions were suspected in the lung, enlarged iliac lymph nodes, bilateral iliac masses, and a lumbar spinal mass. The histopathologic findings of thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimens confirmed metastasis of the malignant pheochromocytoma. Genetic testing confirmed a novel missense mutation at codon 194 (V194G) in exon 3 of the VHL gene, which was inherited from the paternal allele, and a loss of heterozygosity was noted in 3 of the patient's distinct tumors. Two independent in silico analyses suggested that this amino acid substitution was pathogenic.

    1. maternal aunts

      PatientID: IV-10

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband (V-5), his mother (IV-8), maternal grandmother (III-6), maternal aunts (IV-10, IV-12), cousin (V-9) and brother (V-6) were found to harbour the VHL mutation p.P86A (c.256 C>G). All were symptomatic of VHL except for his cousin.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0030405 (Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 7728151(family 4416); 20375333

      SupplementalData: Information obtained from Figure 1.

      Variant: p.P86A (c.256 C>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 93327, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/93327/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: P86A (c.256C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 2Y0M, Danish

      DiseaseAssertion:Asymptomatic

      FamilyInfo: The patient's father had the p.P2P VHL mutation as well as another VHL mutation (p.P81S) and presented with renal cell carcinoma. The patient's uncles had this p.P81S mutation but were both asymptomatic. The patient's paternal grandmother also had this mutation and had breast cancer. See Figure 1 for family pedigree.

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText:N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P2= (c.6C>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 456593 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/456593/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183537-C-G

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: synonymous_variant

      CivicName: P2= (c.6C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. A 1 0-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with complaints of headache and diplopia. On physical examination, he weighed 40 kg (7590p), with a height of 142 cm (50-75p). His brachial blood pressure was 150/120 mmHg (95th percentile 123/81 mmHg). His mother had been operated for bilateral pheochromocytoma at the age of 23 and had not been under medical follow-up since then. Laboratory tests showed elevated 24-hour (h) urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) (40 mg/day; normal value 1-11) and normetanephrine (>2000 µg/day), but normal metanephrine levels (143 µg/day). Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated the presence of multiple lesions in perivascular areas neighboring both adrenal glands. An iodine 123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan revealed multiple focal areas of increased uptake near the adrenal glands. After the preparation for operation, bilateral subtotal adrenalectomy including removal of the masses was performed. The diagnosis of bilateral pheochromocytoma was confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically. The patient remained asymptomatic with no laboratory or radiologic abnormalities for six years of follow-up. At the age of 16, the patient was referred to our clinic with visual defect in the left eye. Ophthalmologic examination led to the diagnosis of bilateral retinal hemangiomas, and he underwent laser photocoagulation. Positive family history with bilateral pheochromocytoma and retinal hemangioma revealed the diagnosis of VHL disease. Cerebral, spinal MRI and abdominal computed tomography (CT) were normal.

      PatientID: Proband

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 10Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Mother was found with the same VHL germline variant. His mother presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002315; HP:0000651; HP:0002666; HP:0009711; HP:0000822 (Headache, Diplopia, Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Hypertension)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Admitted with complaints of headache and diplopia. MRI indicated the presence of multiple lesions in perivascular areas neighboring both adrenal glands. An iodine 123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan revealed multiple focal areas of increased uptake near the adrenal glands. The diagnosis of bilateral pheochromocytoma was confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically. The patient remained asymptomatic with no laboratory or radiologic abnormalities for six years of follow-up. At the age of 16, the patient was referred to our clinic with a visual defect in the left eye. Ophthalmologic examination led to the diagnosis of bilateral retinal hemangiomas, and he underwent laser photocoagulation.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009713; HP:0006880 (Spinal hemangioblastoma, Cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: Cerebral, spinal MRI and abdominal computed tomography (CT) were normal.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R161Q (c.482G>A)

      LegacyVariant: c.695G>A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182983, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182983/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Variant was reported as “c.695G>A” which was mapped to p.Arg161Gln (c.482G>A) in accordance with reference sequence NM_000551.3.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R161Q (c.482G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. IV2(A002)−−−−−Female

      PatientID: (IV2)A002

      KindredID: A

      Case: F, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Asymptomatic

      FamilyInfo: Patient’s father possessed the same variant and presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cystic disease. As well, patient’s paternal grandmother, two granduncles, and grandaunt-in-law had hemangioblastomas and are not longer alive. Proband's uncle also had a hemangioblastoma (please see figure 1 for pedigree).

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0001737; HP:0002666; HP:0009919; HP:0006770 (Hemangioblastoma; pancreatic cysts; pheochromocytoma, retinoblastoma, Clear cell renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P86S (c.256C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 178692, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/178692/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Variant reported as GRCh37 chr3:10183787C>T in paper; individual is a T homozygote

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: P86S (c.256C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.263G>A p.Trp88Stop

      PatientID: None (proband 11)

      KindredID: 11

      Case: M, 38Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Patient’s mother (last known age 36Y) had a CNS hemangioblastoma diagnosed at 36Y.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0001737 (renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: RCC and multiple pancreatic cysts or tumors diagnosed at age 34 and 38Y.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 22357542

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.W88* (c.263G>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182978 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182978/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: W88* (c.263G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. VHLE3c.482G>Ap.R161Q

      314 Chinese patients with Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) from Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China, were included in this study for germline profiling. The majority of patients underwent surgery and were histopathologically diagnosed with PPGL. For patients who had an unresectable or metastatic tumor, PPGL diagnosis was determined based on clinical features (headache, palpitations, sweating, etc). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of all 314 PPGL patients, and detect potential variants in 12 known genes associated with hereditary PPGL (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, FH, VHL, RET, NF1, MAX, TMEM127, and KIF1B) using next-generation and Sanger sequencing. Germline variants were detected in 29% of the 314 PPGL patients. Germline genetic testing revealed a missense R161Q(c.482G>A) variant in exon 3 of the VHL gene in 2 patients. Patient #90 is a 23Y male PPGL patient who first presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma and retroperitoneal paraganglioma at age 19 and was also diagnosed at age 19. Patient 90 has a family history of PPGL, not further detailed. Patient #91 is a female PPGL patient who first presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma and retroperitoneal paraganglioma at age 10 and was also diagnosed at age 10. She was 28-years-old when metastasis was detected. She does not have a family history of PPGL.

    1. 20 vHL families were retrospectively identified in SickKids Genetics and Cancer Genetics Program SHIRE genetics database, with data entered between 30 August 1984 and 8 August 2016. Family 19 had 5 members confirmed with the stop gained mutation c,263G>A (stated as c.476G>A in the paper which used the Latif sequence as reference). The proband (male), cousin (female), and first cousin once removed (male) did not have any manifestations and their last known age was 12Y, 8Y and 27Y respectively. The uncle was found with hemangioblastoma at 28Y and died at 29Y. The mother was found with hemangioblastoma; renal cell carcinoma; pancreatic cysts/tumors; renal cysts/tumors and had an age of onset of 17Y and was 33Y at the time of the study. This family was later published in 31368132.

    1. PatientID: None

      KindredID: VHL22

      Case: M, 40Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CohortInfo: A total of 190 patients recruited by the COMETE network over 15 years were included in the study.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had one benign pheochromocytoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET/SDHB/SDHC/SDHD

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table 1 of Supplementary

      Variant: p.L178P (c.533T>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 428795, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428795/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: The patient had LOH found in the BAC array CGH data.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: L178P (c.533T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Case 1: Clinical historyA 25-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of slowly progressive and gradual decrease in hearing. Two years previously, the patient had undergone brain surgery because of hemangioblastoma of the cerebellum. Gene analysis performed at that time showed mutation in VHL gene in exon 1 TCG(Ser65)→TTG(Leu). On physical examination, she was found to have a middle ear mass that protruded into the external auditory canal. Bone destruction was found radiographically. At surgery, vascular tumor tissue and cysts were seen permeating and destroying the adjacent petrous portion of the temporal bone with invasion of the mastoid and the semicircular canal. The patient underwent a complete removal of the tumor from the middle ear, mastoid, and petrous bone. However, recurrent destructive tumor of the middle ear appeared after 26 months.Family historyThe family medical history disclosed the presence of symptoms of VHLD in the patient's grandfather, uncle, and father. In particular, the patient's father presented with multi-tumor syndrome and evidence of genetic VHLD due to causal mutation in VHL gene in exon 1 TCG(Ser65)→TTG(Leu). At the age of 30, he was operated on for cerebellar hemangioblastoma, and died of disseminated bilateral renal cell carcinoma of kidneys with multi-organ distant metastases 13 years later at the age of 43.

      PatientID: 1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 25Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: The family medical history disclosed the presence of symptoms of VHLD in the patient’s grandfather, uncle, and father. In particular, the patient’s father presented with multi-tumor syndrome and a confirmed genetic mutation of c.194C>T. The father died of disseminated bilateral renal cell carcinoma of kidneys with multi-organ distant metastases at the age of 43.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880;HP:0030393 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, endolymphatic sac tumour)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Woman presented with slowly progressive and gradual decrease in hearing (beginning at 24Y). At 23Y the patient had undergone brain surgery because of hemangioblastoma of the cerebellum. Physical examination revealed a middle ear mass that protruded into the external auditory canal (recurrent restrictive tumor)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.S65L (c.194C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182975, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182975/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183725-C-T

      VariantEvidence: genetic tests on tissue but suspected germline because father had same mutation, and 2 different tissue samples had same mutation; grandfather and uncle had VHL symptoms but not specified and no genetic confirmation

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: S65L (c.194C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. In a report of 3 novel VHL mutations in VHL Italian families, blood samples were obtained from 22 individuals of 5 families (13 affected individuals, 5 at-risk individuals, and 4 healthy parents); and PCR and SSCP analysis was performed. A missense mutation (p.N78S) was found in a family of 2 twin patients whose parents appeared to be clinically normal. Paternity and monozygosity of the 2 twins was ascertained and direct sequencing was completed resulting in a de novo missense mutation in these twins. The twins belong to family V5PG, both found with hemangioblastomas and 1 also with retinal hemangioblastomas. The mutation was referred to in the paper by c.446A>G due to a difference in transcript sequence.

    1. Eight patients with VHL disease type 2 were selected from the group of familial VHL patients with known VHL germline mutations followed on a clinical protocol at the Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH). Patient 2 was a 34Y female with bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma, hemangioblastoma, renal cancer and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour and no metastases. She had a p.Asn78Ser germline mutation (legacy notation c.466A>G converted to NM_000551.3).

    1. c.517 G > T E173X 

      The patient cohort consisted of 57 patients (26 male and 31 female) from Southern Italy, most of whom (55 of 57) presented with solitary HGB of the CNS: 6 were syndromic and 51 were apparently sporadic. 8 patients had germline VHL mutations. Both peripheral blood and tumor tissue samples were sequenced using Big Dye Terminator Ready Reaction mix v.1.1 (Life Technologies, Foster City, CA). Sequencing reactions were loaded on an ABI 3100 capillary sequencer (Life Technologies) and analyzed using the Sequencing Analysis software v.3.7 (PE Applied Biosystems, Grand Island, NY). One Italian patient (HGB-65) with a germline nonsense mutation (c.517G>T; p.Glu173*) in the VHL gene was diagnosed at age 26 with multiple cerebellar hemangioblastomas, reoccurrence at 29Y, and spinal hemangioblastoma at 30Y. The patient has a negative family history for VHL disease.