310 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2026
    1. 23 c.583C>T p.Gln195X p.Q195X Familial VHL

      GroupID/ KindredID: 23

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: 2

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: Described are 2 patients with this familial VHL mutation. They belong to family 23 and have the germline VHL mutation of c.583C>T

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797; HP:0002666 (retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 2 familial patients affected; 2 rHAB (retinal hemangioblastoma), 1 cHAB (central nervous system hemangioblastoma), 1 pheochromocytoma.

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0001737 (renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: None have the above manifestations

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: Previously reported, HGMD (Human Gene Mutation Database: http://uwcmml1s.uwcm.ac.uk/uwcm/mg/search/120488.html)

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Q195* (c.583C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVar: 428794 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428794/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Q195* (c.583C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. 20 c.481C>T p.Arg161X p.R161X Familial VHL

      GroupID/ KindredID: 20

      Case: Age, Sex, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Familial VHL; One registrant belonging to family 20 has the germline VHL mutation of c.481C>T.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0000107; HP:0001737 (retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cyst, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0002666; HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: Previously reported, HGMD (Human Gene Mutation Database: http://uwcmml1s.uwcm.ac.uk/uwcm/mg/search/120488.html)

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R161* (c.481C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2217 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2217/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: R161* (c.481C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. 15 c.500G>A p.Arg167Gln p.R167Q Familial VHL

      GroupID/ KindredID: 15

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: 5

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: Described are 5 patients with this familial VHL mutation. They belong to family 15 and have the germline VHL mutation of c.500G>A.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0000107; HP:0001737; HP:0002666; HP:0030393 (retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, renal cyst, pancreatic cysts, pheochromocytoma, endolymphatic sac tumor)

      GroupHPOFreeText: of the totalling 5 members, 3 have rHAB, 3 have cHAB, 3 have renal cysts, 2 have RCC, 2 patients suspected (deafness, tinnitius, or vertigo) for an endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST), 1 has a pheochromocytoma and 1 has a pancreatic cyst. Additionally an adnexal papillary tumor of probable mesonephric origin (APMO) was recorded in this cohort.

      GroupNotHPOs: N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: Previously reported, HGMD (Human Gene Mutation Database: http://uwcmml1s.uwcm.ac.uk/uwcm/mg/search/120488.html)

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 152

      KindredID: 152

      Case: Sex Unknown, 24Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0001737, HP:0000107 (retinal capillary hemangioma, pancreatic cyst, renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666, HP:0010797, HP:0006770 (pheochromocytoma, hemangioblastoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table S1, S2, S3.

      Variant: p.N78S(c.233A>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 93326 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/93326/

      CAID: CA020131 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.233A%3EG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType:missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: N78S(c.233A>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. PatientID: 194

      KindredID: 194

      Case: Sex Unknown, 46Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0001732; HP:0002666; HP:0000107 (Hemangioblastoma, Abnormality of the pancreas, Pheochromocytoma, Renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: CNS hemangioblastoma, pancreatic cyst or tumor, pheochromocytoma and renal cystic lesion.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006770 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Clear cell renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table S1, S2 and S3

      Variant: p.P59Rfs*8 (c.176del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA432536374, https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.176del

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: deletion; minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: P59fs (c.176delC)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. PatientID: 259

      KindredID: 259

      Case: Sex Unknown, 29Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001737, HP:0009711 (pancreatic cysts, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs:HP:0002666, HP:0006770, HP:0000107, HP:0010797 (pheochromocytoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, renal cyst, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table S1, S2, S3.

      Variant: p.R167Q(c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: CA020454 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.500G%3EA

      gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167Q(c.500G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    4. PatientID: 78

      KindredID: 78

      Case: Sex Unknown, 29Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family history noted but details not specified.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001732 (Abnormality of the pancreas)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Pancreatic cysts or tumors.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0006770; HP:0002666; HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0000107 (Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, Pheochromocytoma, Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Renal cyst)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table S1, S2 and S3

      Variant: p.C162W (c.486C>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223227, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223227/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: C162W (c.486C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    5. PatientID: 45

      KindredID: 45

      Case: Sex Unknown, 33Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001737, HP:0010797 ( pancreatic cysts, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666, HP:0006770, HP:0009711, HP:0000107 (pheochromocytoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cyst)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table S1, S2, S3.

      Variant: p.N78S(c.233A>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 93326 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/93326/

      CAID: CA020131 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.233A%3EG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType:missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: N78S(c.233A>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    6. PatientID: 262

      KindredID: 262

      Case: Sex Unknown, 54Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Positive family history for VHL.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0010797 (retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001737, HP:0002666, HP:0006770, HP:0000107 (pancreatic cysts, pheochromocytoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, renal cyst)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table S1, S2, S3.

      Variant: p.Q195* (c.583C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 428794 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428794/

      CAID: CA70052558 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.583C%3ET

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Q195* (c.583C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    7. PatientID: 207

      KindredID: 207

      Case: Sex Unknown, 30Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family history noted but details not specified.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (Hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: CNS hemangioblastoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001732; HP:0002666; HP:0009711; HP:0006770; HP:0000107 (Abnormality of the pancreas, Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, Renal cyst)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table S1, S2 and S3

      Variant: p.F136S (c.407T>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 496064, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/496064/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000003976, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10188264-T-C?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: F136S (c.407T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    8. PatientID: 53

      KindredID: 53

      Case: Sex Unknown, 37Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family history noted but details not specified.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002666 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0006770; HP:0001732; HP:0010797; HP:0000107 (Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, Abnormality of the pancreas, Hemangioblastoma, Renal cyst)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table S1, S2 and S3

      Variant: p.V170G (c.509T>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351756196, https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.509T%3EG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: V170G (c.509T>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    9. PatientID: 249

      KindredID: 249

      Case: Sex Unknown, 32Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006770, HP:0000107 (clear cell renal cell carcinoma, renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711,HP:0010797, HP:0001737, HP:0002666 ( retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma, pancreatic cyst, pheochromocytoma )

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table S1, S2, S3.

      Variant: p.P86L(c.257C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182977 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182977/

      CAID: CA020186 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.257C%3ET

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: P86L(c.257C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    Tags

    Annotators

    URL

    1. 226_228delTTC

      GroupID/ KindredID: 5

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: 3

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: Polish

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: Familial VHL stated; 3 family members recorded with this mutation.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797 (retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: all 3 patients were tallied with retinal capillary hemangiomas and 2 with cHemangioblastomas. These phenotypes could be paired with the same or different members in this family as it was not clear.

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: None of the patients were recorded to have RCC

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 32179488

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.F76del (c.226_228delTTC)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: NM_000551.3:c.226_228delTTC automaps to updated c.227_229delTCT

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA357012 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.226_228delTTC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: inframe_deletion

      CivicName: F76del (c.227_229del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. 226_228delTTC

      GroupID/ KindredID: 6

      Case: Age unknown, Sex unknown, Polish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: This mutation was found in Family No. 6 with 1 member affected.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797 (retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 32179488

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.F76del (c.226_228delTTC)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: NM_000551.3:c.226_228delTTC automaps to updated c.227_229delTCT

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA357012 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.226_228delTTC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: inframe_deletion

      CivicName: F76del (c.227_229del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. 24Exon 3 deletion (8.5 kb abnormal band on QSA)*

      GroupID/ KindredID: 24

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: 2

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: Polish

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: Familial VHL stated; 2 family members recorded with this deletion.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma; retinal capillary hemangioma; renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: Both (2) patients had hemangioblastomas, and RCC, and 1 had retinal capillary hemangioma

      GroupNotHPOs: N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Exon 3 deletion

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: Patients were both found with an Exon 3 deletion (and 8.5 kb abnormal band on QSA)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 3 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    4. Exon 1deletion

      GroupID/ KindredID: 19 / S 1

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: 2

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: Polish

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: Familial VHL stated; 2 family members recorded with this deletion.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma; retinal capillary hemangioma; renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: Both (2) patients had RCC, 1 had hemangioblastomas and 1 had retinal capillary hemangioma. These phenotypes couldn’t be paired as it was not clear.

      GroupNotHPOs: N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Exon 1 deletion

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 1 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    5. Exon 3 deletion

      GroupID/ KindredID: 23 / S 5

      Case: Age unknown, Sex unknown, Polish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: This deletion was found in Family No. 23 with 1 member affected. No other family info was given

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0005584; HP:0010797 (retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Exon 3 deletion

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 3 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    6. Complete deletion

      GroupID/ KindredID: 28

      PatientID: II

      Case: 24Y0M, Sex unknown, Polish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family 28 consisted of 4 members; one relative (age 27Y) was found with multiple cerebellar HABs at 25Y, and multiple spinal HABs, another (40Y) diagnosed at 30Y with multiple cerebellar HABs, and multiple spinal HABs, and a final relative (62Y), diagnosed with a single HAB.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient was diagnosed with a single cerebellar HAB at 24Y

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0009713; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (spinal hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma; renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: complete deletion of VHL gene

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Haplotype analysis information in Table 3

      MutationType: deletion

      CivicName: deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.341-6C > T (intron 1)

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 5

      Case: Sex, Age, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: dilatation of the cerebral artery

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004944 (dilatation of the cerebral artery)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient had an intracranial aneurysm

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: c.341-6C>T

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 371898 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/371898/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.00008132 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10188192-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: splice_site_variant

      CivicName: Splice Site (341-6C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. c.463 + 8C > T (intron 2)

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 6

      Case: Sex, Age, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: dilatation of the cerebral artery

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0004944 (dilatation of the cerebral artery)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient had an intracranial aneurysm

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: c.463+8C>T

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 127830 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/127830/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.0005055 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10188328-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: splice_site_variant

      CivicName: Splice Region (c.463+8C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.499C>T p.Arg167Trp

      PatientID: II:4 (proband 5’s sister 2)

      KindredID: 5

      Case: F, 34Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Her father and two sisters presented with this same mutation. The father had RCC diagnosed at 54Y. The one sister (II:3) had had pancreatic tumors at 36Y and hemangioblastomas at 38Y. The brother (II:1) appeared to be non-affected, while the other sister (II:2) had hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts, and Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis diagnosed at 37Y; and pheochromocytoma at 39Y

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (retinal capillary angiomas)

      CaseHPOFreeText: had retinal angiomas at 34Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2218 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/)

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007954 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. 1Deletion

      PatientID: II:2

      KindredID: 8

      Case: F, 43Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: a 3 generational family found with 5 phenotypically affected members, two of which were confirmed with the exon 1 deletion. This patient and her son were tested to be found with the deletion of exon 1. Her son was found with retinal angiomas at 17Y, pancreatic cysts and epididymal/ovarian cystadenoma at 19Y, and hemangioblastomas at 23Y. Her two sisters and father all had hemangioblastomas; and father also had RCC, however the father and one sister were deceased; and the other sister was not available to provide a DNA sample.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797 (retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient was found with retinal hemangioblastomas at 35Y and hemangioblastomas at 43Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: exon 1 deletion

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: exon 1 deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. 3Deletion

      PatientID: unknown (sister)

      KindredID: 13

      Case: F, 30Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: the patient’s brother was found with hemangioblastomas, RCC, and multiple pancreatic cysts or tumors at 23Y, and retinal angiomas at 24Y. Their mother was found at 43Y with CNS hemangioblastomas, however she died before diagnosis; no DNA sample was available.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0001737 (hemangioblastoma; renal cell carcinoma; pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had hemangioblastomas, RCC, and multiple pancreatic cysts or tumors diagnosed at 30Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: exon 3 deletion

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: exon 3 deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    4. c.269A>T p.Asn90Ile

      PatientID: I:1

      KindredID: 4

      Case: F, 63Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Patient’s one son (II:3) was found with the same mutation and hemangioblastoma at 22Y and retinal capillary hemangioma at 32Y. Her other son (II:1) died before diagnosis; thus no DNA sample available. He presented with hemangioblastoma at 19Y

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had RCC at 63Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.N90I (c.269A>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223172 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223172/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: N90I (c.269A>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. proband’s mother (52 years)

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 52Y0M, Danish

      DiseaseAssertion: Breast carcinoma

      FamilyInfo: The patient had three sons all of whom carried the VHL mutation. Two of the sons were asymptomatic and one had renal cell carcinoma. The affected son also had a P2P mutation and he had a child who was found to have the VHL mutation (P2P). The patient's mother had the mutation but was also asymptomatic. See Figure 1 for family pedigree.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0003002 (Breast carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had breast cancer at age 34.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P81S (c.241C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2233 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2233/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.0002179 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183772-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName:P81S (c.241C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. GroupID: 7

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 7

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: 7 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to the mutation belonging to 1 family. This mutation (c.194delC) was found in 1 VHL family with 7 patients.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0005584; HP:0009711; HP:0002666 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma; retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 3 patients had retinal angiomas diagnosed at a mean age of 18Y, 2 patients had cerebellar hemangioblastomas diagnosed at a mean age of 33Y, and 2 patients had RCCs with a mean age of diagnosis of 30Y and one single patient had pheos diagnosed at age 20Y.

      GroupNotHPOs: N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.S65Wfs*2 (c.194delC)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA432536395 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.194del

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: S65FS (c.194delC)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. GroupID: 85

      Case: 27Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation (c.538A>G) was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had RCCs diagnosed at 27Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006880; HP:0002666 (retinal capillary hemangioma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma; pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.I180V (c.538A>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 161401 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/161401/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.00001061 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191545-A-G

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: I180V (c.538A>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. GroupID: 50

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 5

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: 5 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have the following mutation belonging to 1 family

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0006880; HP:0009711 (renal cell carcinoma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma; retinal capillary hemangioma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 4 patients had retinal angiomas diagnosed at a mean age of 27Y, and 3 had cerebellar hemangioblastomas diagnosed at a mean age of 32Y

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.R82_V84del (c.243_251delGCGCGTCGT)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA658820713 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.243_251del

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: inframe_deletion

      CivicName: R82_V84del (c.243_251del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    4. GroupID: 36

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 4

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: 4 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have the following mutation belonging to 3 families altogether.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0005584; HP:0009711 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma; renal cell carcinoma; retinal capillary hemangioma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: all 4 patients had retinal angiomas diagnosed at a mean age of 30Y and cerebellar hemangioblastomas diagnosed with a mean age of 25Y, and 2 had RCC diagnosed at a mean age of 29Y

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.Y185* (c.555C>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223233 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223233/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Y185* (c.555C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    5. GroupID: 4

      Case: 24Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation (c.166dupG) was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006880 (retinal capillary hemangioma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had cerebellar hemangioblastoma at 15Y and retinal capillary hemangioma at 24Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666 (renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.A56Gfs*76 (c.166dupG)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA645524645 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.166dupG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: duplication

      CivicName: A56fs (c.166dup)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    6. GroupID: 15

      Case: 23Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006880 (retinal capillary hemangioma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had retinal angiomas at 21Y and cerebellar hemangioblastomas diagnosed at 23Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666 (renal cell carcinoma; pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.F91* (c.272_273delinsAA)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: c.272T>A and c.273C>A results in c.272_273delinsAA

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: CA2499307077 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA2499307077

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: delins; stop_gained

      CivicName: F91* (c.272_273delinsAA)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    7. GroupID: 6

      Case: 31Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation (c.182_185delCCGT) was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006880 (retinal capillary hemangioma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient had retinal capillary hemangioma diagnosed at 31Y and cerebellar hemangioblastoma diagnosed at 30Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666 (renal cell carcinoma; pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.P61Rfs*5 (c.182_185delCCGT)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA658820712 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.182_185del

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: P61FS (c.182_185delCCGT)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    8. GroupID: 53

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 8

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: 8 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have identical variants. This mutation (S65W (c.194C>G)) was found in 1 VHL family with 8 patients.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006880; HP:0005584 (retinal capillary hemangioma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 6 had retinal hemangioblastoma, 5 had cerebellar hemangioblastomas, and 1 had renal cell carcinoma. Mean ages for each diagnosis follows: 32 (RH), 39 (CHB), 56 (RCC - with one patient)

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromcytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.S65W (c.194C>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 43597 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/43597/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: S65W (c.194C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    Tags

    Annotators

    URL

    1. not only showed loss of the open-reading frame, but more extended deletions by using c11 and P1 demonstrating complete loss of the VHL gene sequence (>35 kb, but <90 kb)

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Hemangioblastoma

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (Hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: deletion (deletion on chromosome 3 (>35kb, <90kb) resulting in complete loss of VHL gene)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: germline deletion on chromosome 3 (>35kb, <90kb) resulting in complete loss of VHL gene. Hemangioblastoma from this patient shows a missense mutation R200W(c.598C>T) in the second copy of VHL gene.

      MutationType: deletion

      CivicName: Deletion AND R200W (c.598C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: Somatic, VHL, c.598C>T (p.Arg200Trp)

    1. IPType 1 VWDc.7464C>T11A1>3009635Normal multimer size distribution*

      Case: Female, Caucasian, 11 years at diagnosis

      DiseaseAssertion: VWD1

      FamilyInfo: Non-consanguineous family, parents carry no bleeding history but have risk factors (prolonged closure time and modestly decreased VWF:Ag level)

      ParentalGenotype(s): Mother has c.7464C>T, Father carries no mutation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000421, HP:0000978, HP:0001934, HP:0030140, HP:0004846, HP:0006298

      CaseHPOFreeText: Cumulative bleeding score of 17, Reduced VWF:Ag of 9IU/dL, VWF:GPIb of 6 I/dL, and factor VIII coagulant activity of 35 IU/dL, prolonged PFA closure time of >300 and reduced concentration of all multimers.

      CaseNOTHPOs: None reported

      CaseNOTHPOFreeText: Normal multimer size distribution (tested in Agarose gel)

      CasePreviousTesting: NA

      GenotypingMethod: Direct sequencing of genomic DNA exons 1 to 52, exon/intron boundaries, 5' and 3' UTR, promoter region, and whole intron 44 of VWF. RT-PCR followed by sequencing of cDNA to detect splicing defect due to c.7464C>T.

      PreviouslyPublished: PMID:22871923

      Gene: VWF

      Variant: c.7464C>T

      HGVS: NM_000552.5:c.7464C>T (p.Gly2488=)

      ClinVarID: 619755

      CAID: CA232284628

      gnomAD: 0.000008799 MAF in European (non-Finnish) and 0.000008664 MAF in XX. https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/12-6080849-G-A

    1. 3 patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      Case#: patient 1

      DiseaseAssertion: Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      **FamilyInfo: **

      ParentalGenotype: If noted by authors, annotate with the carrier status of each parent in regards to the variant(s) identified in the proband.

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      PlateletAggregation: absent platelet integrin αIIbβ3. Monolayer of spread platelets essentially devoid of fibrinogen binding but with high CD62P expression and phosphatidylserine exposure (Figure S1). Figure 5.

      CaseHPOFreeText:

      CaseNotHPOs:

      **CaseNotHPOFreeText: **

      ProteinExpression:

      CasePreviousTesting:

      **PreviouslyPublished: **

      Gene: ITGA2B

      **HGVS: ** NM_000419.4:c.2943G>A

      **ClinVar: **

      CAID: CA500262444

      **gnomAD: **

    1. c.463+

      PatientID: VHL 11

      KindredID: VHL 11

      Case: Sex, Age, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: hemangioblastoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Three samples of VHL hemangioblastomas were represented here (.1, .2, .3). They are recorded as both germline and somatic, involving the VHL- and C3ORF10-gene.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A - This sample was likely duplicated in 24132471

      SupplementalData: Yes - See Supplementary Table 1

      Variant: c.463+3A>C

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: Supplemental data records this as a c.463+3A>C (p.(?)) mutation. The only time the text mentions a splice site mutation however is at: c.463+2T>C p.(?). Will go by supplemental data but be cautious of this discrepancy.

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA645525016 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.463%2B3A%3EC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: splice_site_variant

      CivicName: Splice Region (c.463+3A>C) 

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Ninety-eight individuals were tested for VHL mutations--23 symptomatic and 75 asymptomatic individuals belonging to 16 families. Seven of the families had definite clinical criteria of VHL disease, five had sporadic hemangioblastoma, and four had CNS hemangioblastoma combined with minor visceral signs. Molecular genetic testing identified five germline mutations in six of the definite VHL families (sensitivity 85%), but none in the possible VHL and sporadic hemangioblastoma cases; four of these mutations had been previously described and one is a novel mutation present in two unrelated families. After patients carrying the mutation were identified, they underwent clinical screening and asymptomatic VHL-related lesions were identified in 43%.

      PatientID: 22

      KindredID: C

      Case: Sex unknown, 30Y0M, Mexican (Latino/Admixed American)

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: At least 13 members in this family presented with the mutation. 5 were asymptomatic (ages 9, 12, 13, 17, and 29Y). Other family manifestations include: cerebellar, spinal, retinal HBs, pancreatic, hepatic, suprarenal and kidney cysts, epididymal cystadenoma, and RCC. Fig 1 displays family pedigree.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0001737; HP:0000107 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, pancreatic cysts, renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient had 1 cerebellar HB, pancreatic and kidney cysts.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 20064270 (Here, the family cohort is given with a reportedly different variant of: p.G34Rfs*98 (c.99_100insA). Unclear of why this is or which most correctly corresponds to the family).

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.T100Nfs*32 (c.298dupA)

      LegacyVariant: c.1012_1013insA

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: The ‘1012_1013insA’ mutation is out-of-frame, leading to a modification of 31 amino acids downstream and a premature stop codon at nucleotides 5441-5443 (amino acid residue 131).

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA2573129737 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.298dupA

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: The modified amino acids are located in a domain common to all pVHL isoforms, the highly conserved cctbinding domain of the protein, involved in the formation of the pVHL elongin complex that is crucial for tumor suppression. Furthermore, the mutant protein is prematurely truncated and lacks the C-terminal half of exon 2 and exon 3 completely, which includes the nuclear export signal and the elongin C binding site of pVHL. Thus, this truncated protein would affect the two functional isoforms of pVHL: the major isoform pVHL30 and pVHL19, but not isoform 2, which lacks exon 2 but is not functional

      MutationType: plus_1_frameshift_variant; duplication

      CivicName: T100Nfs*32 (c.298dupA)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. Ninety-eight individuals were tested for VHL mutations--23 symptomatic and 75 asymptomatic individuals belonging to 16 families. Seven of the families had definite clinical criteria of VHL disease, five had sporadic hemangioblastoma, and four had CNS hemangioblastoma combined with minor visceral signs. Molecular genetic testing identified five germline mutations in six of the definite VHL families (sensitivity 85%), but none in the possible VHL and sporadic hemangioblastoma cases; four of these mutations had been previously described and one is a novel mutation present in two unrelated families. After patients carrying the mutation were identified, they underwent clinical screening and asymptomatic VHL-related lesions were identified in 43%.

      PatientID: 11

      KindredID: C

      Case: Sex Unknown, 45Y0M, Mexican (Latino/Admixed American)

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: At least 13 members in this family presented with the mutation. 5 were asymptomatic (ages 9, 12, 13, 17, and 29Y). Other family manifestations include: cerebellar, spinal, retinal HBs, pancreatic, hepatic, suprarenal and kidney cysts, epididymal cystadenoma, and RCC. Fig 1 displays family pedigree.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0001737; HP:0000107; HP:0005584 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, pancreatic cysts, renal cyst, renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient had 1 cerebellar HB, pancreatic & kidney cysts, RCC

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 20064270 (Here, the family cohort is given with a reportedly different variant of: p.G34Rfs*98 (c.99_100insA). Unclear of why this is or which most correctly corresponds to the family).

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.T100Nfs*32 (c.298dupA)

      LegacyVariant: c.1012_1013insA

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: The ‘1012_1013insA’ mutation is out-of-frame, leading to a modification of 31 amino acids downstream and a premature stop codon at nucleotides 5441-5443 (amino acid residue 131).

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA2573129737 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.298dupA

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: The modified amino acids are located in a domain common to all pVHL isoforms, the highly conserved cctbinding domain of the protein, involved in the formation of the pVHL elongin complex that is crucial for tumor suppression. Furthermore, the mutant protein is prematurely truncated and lacks the C-terminal half of exon 2 and exon 3 completely, which includes the nuclear export signal and the elongin C binding site of pVHL. Thus, this truncated protein would affect the two functional isoforms of pVHL: the major isoform pVHL30 and pVHL19, but not isoform 2, which lacks exon 2 but is not functional

      MutationType: plus_1_frameshift_variant; duplication

      CivicName: T100Nfs*32 (c.298dupA)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. Ninety-eight individuals were tested for VHL mutations--23 symptomatic and 75 asymptomatic individuals belonging to 16 families. Seven of the families had definite clinical criteria of VHL disease, five had sporadic hemangioblastoma, and four had CNS hemangioblastoma combined with minor visceral signs. Molecular genetic testing identified five germline mutations in six of the definite VHL families (sensitivity 85%), but none in the possible VHL and sporadic hemangioblastoma cases; four of these mutations had been previously described and one is a novel mutation present in two unrelated families. After patients carrying the mutation were identified, they underwent clinical screening and asymptomatic VHL-related lesions were identified in 43%.

      PatientID: 16

      KindredID: C

      Case: Sex Unknown, 54Y0M, Mexican (Latino/Admixed American)

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: At least 13 members in this family presented with the mutation. 5 were asymptomatic (ages 9, 12, 13, 17, and 29Y). Other family manifestations include: cerebellar, spinal, retinal HBs, pancreatic, hepatic, suprarenal and kidney cysts, epididymal cystadenoma, and RCC. Fig 1 displays family pedigree.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000107 (renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient had renal cysts. They however appeared absent of clinical manifestations of VHL disease prior to clinical and imaging scrutiny.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 20064270 (Here, the family cohort is given with a reportedly different variant of: p.G34Rfs*98 (c.99_100insA). Unclear of why this is or which most correctly corresponds to the family).

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.T100Nfs*32 (c.298dupA)

      LegacyVariant: c.1012_1013insA

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: The ‘1012_1013insA’ mutation is out-of-frame, leading to a modification of 31 amino acids downstream and a premature stop codon at nucleotides 5441-5443 (amino acid residue 131).

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA2573129737 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.298dupA

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: The modified amino acids are located in a domain common to all pVHL isoforms, the highly conserved cctbinding domain of the protein, involved in the formation of the pVHL elongin complex that is crucial for tumor suppression. Furthermore, the mutant protein is prematurely truncated and lacks the C-terminal half of exon 2 and exon 3 completely, which includes the nuclear export signal and the elongin C binding site of pVHL. Thus, this truncated protein would affect the two functional isoforms of pVHL: the major isoform pVHL30 and pVHL19, but not isoform 2, which lacks exon 2 but is not functional

      MutationType: plus_1_frameshift_variant; duplication

      CivicName: T100Nfs*32 (c.298dupA)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PMID: 29813026

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: hemangioblastoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A - Not specified

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: VHL syndromic HB

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Null (Complete deletion)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: A VHL subject in our patient population had a full length deletion (FLD) in the germline VHL gene, but a VHL gene tumor second hit mutation (c.360-362 del AGA) causing an amino acid change of p.RD120-121S detected in the HB tumor

      MutationType: deletion

      CivicName: Deletion AND R120_121S (c.360_362delAGA)

      MultipleGeneVariants: Somatic, VHL, c.360_362delAGA, p.Arg120_121Ser

    2. PMID: 29813026

      PatientID: 1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: hemangioblastoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A - Not specified

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: VHL syndromic HB

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Q96_P102del (c.287_307del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA2573106190 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA2573106190

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: inframe_deletion

      CivicName: Q96_P102del (c.287_307del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. WM06 VHL VHL 0.84 

      PatientID: WM06

      KindredID: 12

      Case: Sex Unknown, 10Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: MAX, RET, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, TMEM127

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes

      Variant: N/A - Unspecified

      LegacyVariant: Given as an unspecified germline mutation

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: N/A

      CivicName: N/A

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. We have described the development and validation of a new gene-expression diagnostic test called Pheo-type for classification of PPGL tumors based on the underlying genetic driver of the disease. Our assay confirms that the predominant gene-expression subtypes of PPGL are closely linked to tumor genotype and for the first time show that classification can be achieved using a relatively small gene set. Pheo-type is similar to other clinical assays developed on the Nanostring platform for subtyping of solid tumors (50–52). As with these other studies, we have shown that robust gene-expression analysis can be achieved from small amounts of FFPE tissue material generating data that are comparable to other gene-expression platforms. The assay is rapid, largely automated, and cost effective, enabling the generation of results in 2 days from RNA extraction to data analysis, facilitating its implementation in a routine diagnostic laboratory.
    3. VCB.14T VHL VHL 0.63 

      PatientID: VCB.14T

      KindredID: 6

      Case: Sex Unknown, 34Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002668; HP:0002666 (paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: MAX, RET, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, TMEM127

      PreviouslyPublished: 25545346 (see table S1 and S10)

      SupplementalData: Yes

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: SDHA, Germline, c.619A>C (p.Arg207=); SDHA, Germline, c.1969G>A (p.Val657Ile); KIF1B, Germline, c.2192A>G (p.Asn777Ser); MDH2, Somatic, c.26C>T (p.Ala9Val)

    1. A 20-year-old Caucasian woman presented to our institution with decreased vision in the right eye (RE) with a 4-month evolution. The patient’s vital signs were within normal limits, and no abnormalities were noticed upon physical and neurological examination. Similarly, her past medical history was unremarkable. Her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 50 ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) letters in the RE and 84 ETDRS letters in the left eye. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) was normal in both eyes, and the result of her anterior segment examination was unremarkable. Upon ophthalmoscopic examination, a red-colored globular lesion of 3 disk diameters (DDs) with prominent feeder vessels was noticed in the superior temporal region of the retina in the RE (Fig. 1). The fellow eye was normal on fundus examination, and no other lesions were found in the posterior pole or periphery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was carried out using the DRI OCT Triton™ SS-OCT device (Topcon Medical, Tokyo, Japan).

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 20Y0M, Caucasian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient’s mother had died of pulmonary edema during pregnancy at the age of 40.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with decreased vision in the right eye with a 4-month evolution. The patient’s vital signs were within normal limits, and no abnormalities were noticed upon physical and neurological examination. Similarly, her past medical history was unremarkable. Upon ophthalmoscopic examination, a red-colored globular lesion of 3 disk diameters with prominent feeder vessels was noticed in the superior temporal region of the retina. A structural OCT B-scan showed a diffuse cystoid macular edema, which involved the posterior pole and expanded outside the vascular arcades. The other eye was normal.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0012443; HP:0011732 (Abnormality of brain morphology, abnormality of renal morphology)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: Results of renal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were both negative for visceral lesions.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Y112C (c.335A>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223189, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223189/

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: Y112C(c.335A>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. GroupID/ KindredID: F41

      Case: Sex unknown, 22Y0M, Spanish

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: familial antecedents found; unknown of any additional features to index case relatives

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0006770; HP:0006880; HP:0000107; HP:0001737 (retinal capillary hemangioma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, renal cysts, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Multiple lesions were found with the patient’s cerebellar hemangioma. Unilateral ccRCC. Age of onset is 22Y0M.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L128R (c.383T>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351753891 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.383T%3EG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: L128R (c.383T>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. GroupID/ KindredID: F11

      Case: Sex unknown, 32Y0M, Spanish

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: familial antecedents found; unknown of any additional features to index case relatives

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (pheochromocytoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Multiple lesions were found with the patient’s retinal hemangioma. Bilateral pheo. Age of onset is 32Y0M.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0006770; HP:0000107; HP:0006880; HP:0001737 (clear cell renal cell carcinoma, renal cysts, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Y175N (c.523T>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351756226 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.523T%3EA

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: Y175N (c.523T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. M22redMale22Pro86Arg1st R (2 subs R, no L)Former- <10 pack years33.46 (5*)No

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 3

      Case: M, 22Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CohortInfo: The National Cancer Institute has a frozen tumour bank of ccRCC tumours that have been removed from VHL patients. We selected six patients, three males and three females, with at least five tumours from a single surgery from one kidney.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006770 (clear cell renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: One of the samples from this patient had few variants and clustered with the normal samples. Further inspection showed these samples were cyst-like rather than tumours, so they were excluded from further analysis. This suggests that the patient had renal cysts alongside ccRCC at age 22.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P86R(c.257C>G)

      LegacyVariant:N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223170 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223170/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: P86R(c.257C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. P5PCC VHL c.292T>C

      PatientID: P5

      KindredID: 2

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Y98H (c.292T>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVar: 2223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2223/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.00001343 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183823-T-C

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: Y98H (c.292T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates the production of angiogenic factors. Mutations in the VHL gene cause VHL syndrome, which is characterized by highly vascularized tumors. Here we report a c.464T>A mutation of the VHL gene in three patients with hemangioblastoma from a Chinese family. This mutation was not reported previously and was absent in the unaffected family members. The mutation is predicted to cause Val to Glu substitution at VHL protein residue 155 in a conserved region. Previous biochemical studies demonstrated that residue Val-155 was critical for VHL protein binding to chaperonin TRiC/CCT, an essential step for proper VHL protein folding. Our finding of naturally occurring VHL V155E mutation in patients with VHL syndrome supports the functional importance of Val-155 residue in VHL protein and illustrates the diversity of VHL gene defects underlying VHL syndrome.

      PatientID: III-1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 26Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 10 members of this Chinese family were tested, and 3 were found with the same genetic mutation (c.464T>A). The proband’s grandmother (I-1, 79Y), and father (II-1, 53Y) had hemangioblastomas, and tested positive for the mutation. This mutation was not found in the other unaffected members in the family.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0030405; HP:0002666 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, endolyphmatic sac tumor, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: patient suffered with dizziness and headache and frequent vomiting since 25Y (CT and MRI identified occupying lesions and obstructive hydrocephalus in the cerebellar vermis). The cerebellar tumor nodes were removed surgically. Abdominal CT showed multiple lesions in the liver, pancreas and posterior peritoneum. The tumors in the proband’s pancreatic tail and retroperitoneal space also were removed subsequently. Histological analysis indicated the tumors to be pancreatic isletcell tumor and phaeochromocytoma, respectively.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: patient was negative in the bilateral Babinski’s sign test

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V155E (c.464T>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351756032 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.464T%3EA

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: V155E (c.464T>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Patient 2 A 17-year-old girl with a history of primitive headache, intense nocturnal sweating and 2-month-long amenorrhoea and elevated blood pressure presented a 7-cm-diameter right adrenal mass at abdominal sonography, confirmed by MRI. The mass showed inhomogeneous density: hypodensity in T1 and hyperdensity in T2 and after Gadolinium contrast. Immunometric assays indicated very high levels of chromogranin A (242 UI/L; NR 2–18) and catecholamines: noradrenaline levels were 14·460 nmol/day (NR: 90–470), and adrenaline and dopamine levels were in the normal range. A 123I-MIBG scintigraphy showed a high tracer uptake in right adrenal gland, as expected. The patient underwent surgical removal of the mass, which was 8 × 6 × 5 cm in size. Immunohistochemical assays indicated that the tumour was positive for chromogranin A and synaptophysin, compatible with a diagnosis of PHEO. Follow-up blood test after 2 years was within normal limits, except for a still moderate elevated CgA (67 UI/L, NR 2–18). The family history was negative for PHEO or other neuroendocrine tumours.

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: F, 17Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: adrenal pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: None - The family history was negative for PHEO or other neuroendocrine tumours. Their parents however, decided not to be tested neither to extend the test to other family members

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748 (adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Apparently sporadic pheo. She had a history of primitive headache, intense nocturnal sweating and 2-month-long amenorrhoea and elevated blood pressure presented a 7-cm-diameter right adrenal mass at abdominal sonography, confirmed by MRI.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET, SDHB, SDHD

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.D197N (c.589G>A)

      LegacyVariant: p.D197N (g.13,278)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351756524 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.589G%3EA

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: D197N (c.589G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: N/A

      KindredID: 442

      Case: Age unknown, Sex unknown, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: Paper states: Germline, de novo (no clear confirmation)

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0010797 (renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bilateral RCC and a hemangioblastoma

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes (Specifically Supp. Table S2)

      Variant: p.G144* (c.430G>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223208 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223208/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: G144* (c.430G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. PatientID: N/A

      KindredID: 198

      Case: Age unknown, Sex unknown, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: Paper states: Germline, de novo

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes (Specifically Supp. Table S2)

      Variant: p.W117Cfs*42 (c.351del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: paper states c.350delG which automaps to NM_000551.3:c.351delG

      ClinVarID: 223197 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223197/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: W117fs (c.351del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Poorer survival has been associated with loss of function events (frameshift or nonsense mutations) compared with wild-type, missense mutations, and mutations of unknown biological consequence (25, 32) although numbers of cases in the LOF group were very small. We found no prognostic effect of VHL mutation but a trend (although not quite statistically significant) was seen for increased frequency of microvascular invasion in tumors where the presumed deletion would occur essentially from the elongin binding region onwards, possibly indicating a role for either HIF-regulated factors or other VHL substrates in this aspect of tumorigenesis. The largest previous study also found no relationship between clinicopathologic factors and VHL mutation/LOH in cRCC (26, 35). In marked contrast, however, is that 0 of 11 cRCC cases with methylation had an intragenic mutation whereas we found 14 of 19 methylated cases to have a confirmed mutation, although their mutation and methylation frequencies overall were much lower (51% and 5.4%, respectively). However, a significantly better cancer-free and overall survival was seen in patients with stage I to III cancer with VHL alteration (mutation or methylation) but wasn't seen in stage IV disease (35). Our data fails to confirm this although when stage IV patients were included a similar trend was seen. Differences between studies might reflect samples sizes, length of follow-up, and postoperative treatment.
    1. p.Pro81Ser has been inherited from his healthy father (I.1)

      PatientID: I.1

      KindredID: 3

      Case: M, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion:Asymptomatic

      FamilyInfo: The patient had a son who he passed this mutation to. The son (II.1) presented with hemangioblastoma and pancreatic cysts and had an additional de novo exon 1-3 deletion. Refer to figure 1, pedigree C for family information.

      CohortInfo: Patients were registrants from the European-American Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma and German von Hippel-Lindau Disease Registries.

      CasePresentingHPOs: N/A

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET/SDHB/SDHD/SDHC

      PreviouslyPublished: May have been previously published in 11106358 and/or 7563486.

      SupplementalData: Yes, File 1 for methods.

      Variant: p.P81S(c.241C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2233 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2233/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.0002179 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183772-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: P81S(c.241C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Germline de novo mutations and linkage markers vs. DNA sequencing for carrier detection in von Willebrand disease F. Ahmad,  Corresponding Author F. Ahmad Department of Haematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India Center for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Correspondence: Firdos Ahmad, PhD, Center for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. Tel.: +1 215 707 6518; fax: +1 215 707 9820; e-mail: firdos.ahmad@temple.edu Renu Saxena, MD, Professor and Head, Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029. Tel: +91-11-2659 4670 Fax: +91-11-2658 8663 e-mail: renusaxena@outlook.comSearch for more papers by this authorF. Oyen,  F. Oyen Department of Pediatric Haematology Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorR. Jan,  R. Jan Department of Haematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorU. Budde,  U. Budde Hämostaseology, Medilys Laborgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorR. Schneppenheim,  R. Schneppenheim Department of Pediatric Haematology Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorR. Saxena,  Corresponding Author R. Saxena Department of Haematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India Correspondence: Firdos Ahmad, PhD, Center for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. Tel.: +1 215 707 6518; fax: +1 215 707 9820; e-mail: firdos.ahmad@temple.edu Renu Saxena, MD, Professor and Head, Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029. Tel: +91-11-2659 4670 Fax: +91-11-2658 8663 e-mail: renusaxena@outlook.comSearch for more papers by this author

      PMID: 24712919

      Gene: VWF

      HGNCID: 12726

      Note: abnormal multimers found in patient with p.I1628T variant

    1. 3'

      PatientID: 4

      KindredID: 4

      Case: F, 16Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: retinal capillary hemangioma

      FamilyInfo: N/A - family history was unremarkable. The paper states however that this patient inherited the duplication from a nonsymptomatic parent.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: a 16- year-old girl referred to this center for VHL testing due to an isolated retinal angioma

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: c.*1149A>G

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA2573130264 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA2573130264

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Quantitative Southern blot/real-time quantitative PCR analyses was normal in this patient. Known polymorphic variant on the 3’UTR of the VHL gene, as well as the 5’UTR. PCR–RFLP assay approach showed that both alleles were expressed in apparently equimolar amounts (Fig. 2d) suggesting that the 11 bp duplication has no effect on expression of the affected allele.

      MutationType: 3_prime_UTR_variant

      CivicName: c.–65_–55dup11 AND 3' UTR alteration (c.*1149A>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: Germline, VHL, c.–65_–55dup11

    1. c.319C>G [p.Arg107Gly]

      PatientID: 7

      KindredID: 7

      Case: 55Y0M, Sex unknown, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Positive -- Their father and brother both had the same germline mutation. Their father was screened after genetic testing and found to have a left RCC with lung metastasis at age 80, and their brother was asymptomatic.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: CNS hemangioblastoma first presenting at 55Y

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666; HP:0009715 (renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R107G (c.319C>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 43599 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/43599/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: R107G (c.319C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. V#2exon 3c.485G > Ap.C162YCNS-HB

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes

      Variant: p.C162Y (c.485G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223225, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223225/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: C162Y (c.485G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. V#1exon 3c.500G > Ap.R167QCNS-HB, renal carcinoma

      PatientID: 1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584 (Hemangioblastoma; Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2216, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000003977, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

      VariantEvidence: Confocal staining shows the distribution of pVHL in the cell cytoplasm.

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. nonsense mutation

      PatientID: 96

      KindredID: None

      Case: Age and Sex unknown, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0001737; HP:0000107 (hemangioblastoma, pancreatic cysts, renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0009711; HP:0002666; HP:0030405; HP:0030393 (Renal cell carcinoma, Retinal capillary haemangioblastoma, Pheochromocytoma, Pancreatic endocrine tumour, Endolymphatic sac tumour)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes; See Suppl 1 (Supporting table)

      Variant: p.Y175* (c.525C>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182974 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182974/

      CAID: CA020466 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.525C%3EG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Y175* (c.525C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Eighteen VHL patients who underwent pancreatectomy for one or several endocrine tumors at Beaujon hospital from 1997 to 2008 were retrieved from the file of VHL patients (Table 1).

      PatientID: 15

      KindredID: 15

      Case: M, 48Y0M, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: pancreatic endocrine tumor

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405 (pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: See Table 1 for more information

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R82P (c.245G>C)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 193118 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/193118/

      CAID: CA020159 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.245G%3EC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: R82P (c.245G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. Eighteen VHL patients who underwent pancreatectomy for one or several endocrine tumors at Beaujon hospital from 1997 to 2008 were retrieved from the file of VHL patients (Table 1).

      PatientID: 14

      KindredID: 14

      Case: F, 56Y0M, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: pancreatic endocrine tumor

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405 (pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: See Table 1 for more information

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Y112H (c.334T>C)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2222 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2222/

      CAID: CA020277 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.334T%3EC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: Y112H (c.334T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    3. Eighteen VHL patients who underwent pancreatectomy for one or several endocrine tumors at Beaujon hospital from 1997 to 2008 were retrieved from the file of VHL patients (Table 1).

      PatientID: 9

      KindredID: 9

      Case: M, 51Y0M, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: pancreatic endocrine tumor

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405 (pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: See Table 1 for more information

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.H191Tfs*11 (c.571delC)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA658795182 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.571delC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: H191Tfs*11 (c.571delC)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PMID: 24112165 Item in Clipboard

      PatientID: 2 (II:2)

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 40Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: large family history of VHL was tested - 3 members found. The patient's brother and her daughter had the same mutation - Her brother (patient 1) was diagnosed with spinal hemangioblastoma, and at 43Y he was diagnosed with ccRCC in his right kidney

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0006770; HP:0000107; HP:0001737 (hemangioblastoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; renal cysts; pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: had cerebellum hemangioblastoma at 38Y and a neoplasm of both kidneys at 40Y, as well as ccRCC, renal and pancreatic cysts.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 22398592

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L101R (c.302T>G)

      LegacyVariant: L101R (c.515T>G)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351751004 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.302T%3EG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: L101R (c.302T>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. The discovery in 1990 that a point mutation at residue 403 (R403Q) in the β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) caused a severe form of FHC was the first of many demonstrations linking FHC to mutations in muscle proteins. A mouse model for FHC has been widely used to study the mechanochemical properties of mutated cardiac myosin, but mouse hearts express α-MHC, whereas the ventricles of larger mammals express predominantly β-MHC. To address the role of the isoform backbone on function, we generated a transgenic mouse in which the endogenous α-MHC was partially replaced with transgenically encoded β-MHC or α-MHC. A His6 tag was cloned at the N terminus, along with R403Q, to facilitate isolation of myosin subfragment 1 (S1).

      We find in agreement with earlier studies that the R403Q mutation in a mouse α-MHC backbone results in a gain of function, a model that has been widely accepted as the primary cause leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, we find that this enhancement does not extend to the R403Q mutation in a mouse β-MHC backbone. Our results do not necessarily imply a universal mechanism for FHC mutations in the β-myosin heavy chain.

      NM_000257.4:c.1208G>A (p.Arg403Gln)

    1. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay efficiency influencesbleeding severity inITGA2Bc.2659C > T (p.Q887X)knock-in mice

      PMID: 33928629

      Previously annotated and reported Probands: PMID: 29675921. New Functional Evidence.

      CAID: CA8602626

      Gene: ITGA2B

      Variant: NM_000419.3:c.2671C>T (p.Gln891Ter)

      FunctionalEvidence: For Q887X mutation: Knock-in mice generated using CRISPR/Cas9 displaed no spontaneous bleeding phenotypes. Platelet morphology cofirmed to be normal and comparable platelet numbers to WT mice. Mean bleeding time increased and platelet aggregation impaired compared to WT. ITGA2B mRNA levels low in KI mice.

    1. At 21 h post-transfection, the EGFP-tagged MyHC-slow was distributed throughout the cytoplasm, aggregating into discrete structures. The wild-type aggregates formed long, filamentous structures (Fig. 6A, B). The Arg1712Trp mutant MyHC-slow instead formed many small, round inclusions (Fig. 6C).

      ExperimentalAssay

      Variant: NM_000257.4(MYH7):c.5134C>T (p.Arg1712Trp), homozygous

      ClinVar: 14118, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/14118/

    1. German Landrace pigs

      ExperimentalAssay: The authors used TALEN genome editing to introduce the orthologous mutation in MYH7 into pigs. Sanger sequencing verified successful knock-in. Most of the pigs using embryos with this mutation died prematurely, with the surviving cohort showing phenotypes of HCM similar to those in human patients. Whole genome sequencing was also performed to test for off-target mutations, but none were found.


      Human Variant

      Variant: NM_000257.3:c.2167C>G (p.Arg723Gly)

      ClinVar: 42885 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/42885/

      gnomAD: Not in gnomAD


      Pig Variant

      Variant: NM_213855:c.2223C>G

      This variant is orthologous to the above mutation in humans.

    1. F10, II.1c.429C>T/c.429C>TVHL p.Asp143Asp/VHL p.Asp143Asp2002/4.5 yF22.564-77.412.6264Erythrocytosis, splenomegalyβ thalassemia

      PatientID: II.1

      KindredID: F10

      Case: M, 4Y6M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Polycythemia

      FamilyInfo: This patient’s asymptomatic patients were both found to be carriers of the D143= (c.429C>T) germline variant in VHL. Their other child (II.2) also carried the gene. The current patient was the only one who was homozygous for the variant.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001901; HP:0001744 (Polycythemia, Splenomegaly)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Diagnosed with erythrocytosis (Polycythemia) and splenomegaly at 4.5 years old (DOB: 2002).

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.D143= (c.429C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 416990, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/416990/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007953, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10188286-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

      VariantEvidence: Variant is present in allele 1 and 2 (i.e. homozygous).

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition; synonymous_variant

      CivicName: D143= (c.429C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: Germline, Beta Thalassemia

    2. F4, II.1c.598C>T/c.340+694_711dupVHL p.Arg200Trp/X1 p.Trp159X?1990/7 yM20.6648.2549.9Erythrocytosis, deep vein thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhageFV Leiden

      PatientID: II.1

      KindredID: F4

      Case: M, 7Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Polycythemia

      FamilyInfo: Variant c.340+694_340+711dup is inherited from mother (genetically confirmed) and variant R200W (c.598C>T) is assumed to be inherited from father.

      CohortInfo: Patients with Chuvash polycythemia for whom VHL R200W had been found in a heterozygous state.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001901; HP:0002625; HP:0001342 (Polycythemia, Deep venous thrombosis, Cerebral hemorrhage)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Diagnosed with erythrocytosis (Polycythemia), deep vein thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage at age 7 (DOB: 1990).

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R200W (c.598C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2232, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2232/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.0002016, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191605-C-T

      VariantEvidence: Variants are heterozygous.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R200W (c.598C>T) and c.340+694_340+711dup

      MultipleGeneVariants: Germline, VHL, c.340+694_340+711dup

      MultipleGeneVariants: Germline, Factor V Leiden

    1. A149S (34) 4 

      GroupID: None

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: 4

      GroupNumberMales:N/A

      GroupNumberFemales:N/A

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: ≥12

      GroupInfo: The four patients were grouped by mutation.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0001732 (abnormality of the pancreas)

      GroupHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupNotHPOs:N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.A149S (c.445G>T)

      LegacyVariant:N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID:127829 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/127829/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: A149S (c.445G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. c.236G>C, p.R79P

      PatientID: II-1

      KindredID: Family B

      Case: M, 23Y0M, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family positive pedigree showing patient’s father with RCC and CNS hemangioblastoma; as well as 2 sisters with CNS/spinal and retinal hemangioblastomas

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711 (hemangioblastoma; retinal capillary hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: underwent surgery for multiple CNS hemangioblastomas at the age of 15, and at the same age multiple peripheral retinal hemangioblastomas were found in his right eye, which were treated successfully with laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy. At the age of 20, he developed a large peripheral retinal hemangioblastoma in his left eye, which was treated successfully with cryotherapy.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666 (renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R79P (c.236G>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351749311 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.236G%3EC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: R79P (c.236G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. codon 120, exon 3 (R120*)

      Clinical case report of a 32-year-old male presenting with hematuria. Blood and tissue samples were isolated and samples were paired-end multiplex sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform to a median target depth of >100×.A germline de novo nonsense mutation, c.358A>T leading to an early stop codon, was confirmed on exon 3 of the VHL gene. The man also presented with multiple renal cysts; renal cell carcinoma; capillary retinal angiomas; brain hemangioma; and spinal hemangioma. Confirmation of paternity and maternity was not described, therefore assumed de novo.

    1. PMID: 21528239

      GroupID/ KindredID: A

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      GroupSize: 8

      GroupNumberMales: 2

      GroupNumberFemales: 6

      GroupEthnicity: N/A

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: The kindred comprised of 21 individuals over 4 generations. The following members have a confirmed mutation: I:1 (F, deceased), II:2 (F, deceased), III:2 (F, deceased), III:4 (M), III:6 (F), IV:4 (F), IV:6 (M), IV:7 (F, is predicted to be affected). The 3 deceased members had died from VHL related tumors. Another 3 were suffering from VHL, another developed RCC an cHB, and 1 was a VHL carrier. All 8 members had this mutation

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0006880; HP:0009711; HP:0030421 (renal cell carcinoma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma; retinal capillary hemangioma; epidymidal tumor)

      GroupHPOFreeText: 5 members had RCC, 5 had multiple cerebellar hemangioblastomas, 2 had retinal capillary hemangioma and 1 had an epidymidal tumor.

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: None of the eight VHL carriers of the first kindred had developed pheochromocytoma, and this kindred clearly presents VHL disease type 1

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 7700111

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.S183Cfs*19 (c.548delC)

      LegacyVariant: p.183 (c.761delC)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA658795184 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.548delC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: S183fs (c.548delC)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. The mother, aged 49, had a history of well-controlled hypertension. Supine plasma normetanephrine was elevated (1382 pmol/l, RR <900 pmol/l) whilst plasma metanephrine was normal (117 pmol/l, RR <500 pmol/l). MRI of the brain, spine and abdomen revealed multiple, asymptomatic VHL-associated lesions. These included a spinal haemangioblastoma, bilateral T2-hyperintense adrenal lesions (18 mm and 12 mm), subsequently confirmed to be PCCs, and two pancreatic lesions (11 mm and 16 mm), subsequently confirmed to be grade 1 neuroendocrine tumours.

      PatientID: N/A (mother)

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 49Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Prior to her daughter being tested, there was no family history of PCC/paraganglioma (PGL), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or VHL. Genetic testing and observation found the mutation (c.361G>C) in her daughter, who also presented with extraadrenal and adrenal pheochromocytoma.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009713; HP:0006748; HP:0030405 (spinal hemangioblastoma, adrenal pheochromocytoma, pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: MRI of the brain, spine and abdomen revealed multiple, asymptomatic VHL-associated lesions. These included a spinal haemangioblastoma, bilateral T2-hyperintense adrenal lesions (18 mm and 12 mm), subsequently confirmed to be PCCs, and two pancreatic lesions (11 mm and 16 mm), subsequently confirmed to be grade 1 neuroendocrine tumours.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: SDHA, SDHB

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.D121H (c.361G>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351753752 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.361G%3EC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: D121H (c.361G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  2. Sep 2026
    1. Figure 3: Protein yield and ATP-binding capacity of 37 naturally occurring ABCR variants produced in transiently transfected 293 cells.Membranes were analysed by immunoblotting with affinity-purified anti-ABCR antibodies (top) and photoaffinity labelling with α-32P azido-ATP (bottom). We loaded 1 μg (immunoblotting) or 2.5 μg (azido-ATP labelling) of total membrane protein, as determined by Bradford assay, per track. The mutations that reside in NBD-1 and NBD-2 are indicated above the corresponding lanes. The relative levels of the different variant proteins and the extent of azido-ATP labelling were observed to be highly reproducible in multiple independent experiments. ABCR (large arrowhead); an endogenous 55-kD protein (small arrowhead) serves as an internal control for azido-ATP labelling. Molecular mass standards are shown on the left in kD.Full size imageThe combination of immunoblotting and azido-ATP labelling revealed defects in more than 75% of the variants tested. Among the variants with reduced yield and/or ATP binding are G863A and delG863, the two protein products of a guanosine2588→cytosine mutation that both generates a glycine-to-alanine substitution at codon 863 and activates a cryptic splice acceptor site in exon 17 that results in the removal of codon 863 from approximately 50% of the transcripts10. This is the most common allele among STGD patients in Northern Europe, representing roughly 20% of disease-associated alleles. It is also present at a frequency of approximately 3% in the general population in Northern Europe and approximately 1% in the United States population7,9,10. Genotype-phenotype correlations suggest that it is a mild allele and that it leads to STGD only when paired with a more severe allele10. Relative to wild type, the G863A variant is subtantially impaired and the delG863 variant is mildly impaired (Fig. 3).

      This variant was transfected into HEK 293 cells and appears to show reduced expression and ATP-binding capacity, but no quantities were provided

    2. The two codon 863 variants, G863A and delG863, show a decrease in both basal and retinal-stimulated ATPase, with G863A showing the greater decrease (Fig. 4d).

      In HEK293 cells, G863A was purified, reconstituted into membranes, and tested for basal and retinal-stimulated ATPase activities. G863A was shown to have reduced basal and retinal-stimulated ATPase (Fig 4d)

    3. Over 200 ABCA4 sequence variants have been reported so far in patients with STGD and other retinopathies1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17. We have examined 33 missense mutations, 3 small in-frame deletions and 1 frameshift near the carboxy terminus (Table 1 and Fig. 2), including those mutations most commonly encountered in STGD patients1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and several that were reported in AMD patients15. As an initial step in assessing protein folding and stability, we analysed each ABCR variant by immunoblotting and azido-ATP labelling (Fig. 3). Mutations that cause small deletions (delVVAIC1681 and delPAL1761) or introduce charged amino acids into predicted transmembrane domains (G851D and G1886E) produce greatly reduced amounts of protein. Among the ABCR variants that are expressed with normal or nearly normal yield, azido-ATP labelling revealed a subset that is defective in ATP binding. A variety of mutations that lie outside of the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) can impair azido-ATP labelling, including L541P, predicted to reside adjacent to a transmembrane domain, and W1408R, which resides between the homologous halves of ABCR (Fig. 2). These data suggest that ATP binding to the NBDs is allosterically coupled to conformational changes in or near the transmembrane regions. Moreover, some mutations within either of the two NBDs abolish or nearly abolish all azido-ATP labelling, as seen, for example, with variants T971N, L1971R, G1977S and E2096K, implying allosteric coupling between the two NBDs, as described for P-glycoprotein22,23.Table 1 Naturally occurring ABCR variants produced in transfected 293 cellsFull size tableFigure 2: Locations of 37 naturally occurring ABCR sequence variants and 4 synthetic mutations.The predicted transmembrane topography and domain structure of ABCR is based on the hydropathy profile and sequence alignment with other ABC transporters. The cytosolic face of the membrane is downward. NBD, nucleotide binding domain; HH, highly hydrophobic domain shared with other members of the ABC1/ABCR subfamily of ABC transporters. A, B and C indicate the sequence motifs characteristic of nucleotide binding folds. Asterisks denote the four synthetic mutations.Full size imageFigure 3: Protein yield and ATP-binding capacity of 37 naturally occurring ABCR variants produced in transiently transfected 293 cells.Membranes were analysed by immunoblotting with affinity-purified anti-ABCR antibodies (top) and photoaffinity labelling with α-32P azido-ATP (bottom). We loaded 1 μg (immunoblotting) or 2.5 μg (azido-ATP labelling) of total membrane protein, as determined by Bradford assay, per track. The mutations that reside in NBD-1 and NBD-2 are indicated above the corresponding lanes. The relative levels of the different variant proteins and the extent of azido-ATP labelling were observed to be highly reproducible in multiple independent experiments. ABCR (large arrowhead); an endogenous 55-kD protein (small arrowhead) serves as an internal control for azido-ATP labelling. Molecular mass standards are shown on the left in kD.Full size imageThe combination of immunoblotting and azido-ATP labelling revealed defects in more than 75% of the variants tested. Among the variants with reduced yield and/or ATP binding are G863A and delG863, the two protein products of a guanosine2588→cytosine mutation that both generates a glycine-to-alanine substitution at codon 863 and activates a cryptic splice acceptor site in exon 17 that results in the removal of codon 863 from approximately 50% of the transcripts10. This is the most common allele among STGD patients in Northern Europe, representing roughly 20% of disease-associated alleles. It is also present at a frequency of approximately 3% in the general population in Northern Europe and approximately 1% in the United States population7,9,10. Genotype-phenotype correlations suggest that it is a mild allele and that it leads to STGD only when paired with a more severe allele10. Relative to wild type, the G863A variant is subtantially impaired and the delG863 variant is mildly impaired (Fig. 3).

      This variant was transfected into HEK 293 cells and appears to show reduced expression and ATP-binding capacity, but no quantities were provided

    4. Variants S206R and L541P have reduced basal ATPase and S206R shows little, and L541P shows no, stimulation by retinal (Fig. 4a).

      L541P was purified, reconstituted into membranes, and tested for basal and retinal-stimulated ATPase activities. L541P was shown to have reduced basal ATPase, and no stimulation by retinal (Fig 4a)

    5. Figure 3: Protein yield and ATP-binding capacity of 37 naturally occurring ABCR variants produced in transiently transfected 293 cells.Membranes were analysed by immunoblotting with affinity-purified anti-ABCR antibodies (top) and photoaffinity labelling with α-32P azido-ATP (bottom). We loaded 1 μg (immunoblotting) or 2.5 μg (azido-ATP labelling) of total membrane protein, as determined by Bradford assay, per track. The mutations that reside in NBD-1 and NBD-2 are indicated above the corresponding lanes. The relative levels of the different variant proteins and the extent of azido-ATP labelling were observed to be highly reproducible in multiple independent experiments. ABCR (large arrowhead); an endogenous 55-kD protein (small arrowhead) serves as an internal control for azido-ATP labelling. Molecular mass standards are shown on the left in kD.

      This variant was transfected into HEK 293 cells and appears to show reduced expression and ATP-binding capacity, but no quantities were provided

    6. Over 200 ABCA4 sequence variants have been reported so far in patients with STGD and other retinopathies1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17. We have examined 33 missense mutations, 3 small in-frame deletions and 1 frameshift near the carboxy terminus (Table 1 and Fig. 2), including those mutations most commonly encountered in STGD patients1,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and several that were reported in AMD patients15. As an initial step in assessing protein folding and stability, we analysed each ABCR variant by immunoblotting and azido-ATP labelling (Fig. 3). Mutations that cause small deletions (delVVAIC1681 and delPAL1761) or introduce charged amino acids into predicted transmembrane domains (G851D and G1886E) produce greatly reduced amounts of protein. Among the ABCR variants that are expressed with normal or nearly normal yield, azido-ATP labelling revealed a subset that is defective in ATP binding. A variety of mutations that lie outside of the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) can impair azido-ATP labelling, including L541P, predicted to reside adjacent to a transmembrane domain, and W1408R, which resides between the homologous halves of ABCR (Fig. 2). These data suggest that ATP binding to the NBDs is allosterically coupled to conformational changes in or near the transmembrane regions. Moreover, some mutations within either of the two NBDs abolish or nearly abolish all azido-ATP labelling, as seen, for example, with variants T971N, L1971R, G1977S and E2096K, implying allosteric coupling between the two NBDs, as described for P-glycoprotein22,23.Table 1 Naturally occurring ABCR variants produced in transfected 293 cellsFull size tableFigure 2: Locations of 37 naturally occurring ABCR sequence variants and 4 synthetic mutations.The predicted transmembrane topography and domain structure of ABCR is based on the hydropathy profile and sequence alignment with other ABC transporters. The cytosolic face of the membrane is downward. NBD, nucleotide binding domain; HH, highly hydrophobic domain shared with other members of the ABC1/ABCR subfamily of ABC transporters. A, B and C indicate the sequence motifs characteristic of nucleotide binding folds. Asterisks denote the four synthetic mutations.Full size imageFigure 3: Protein yield and ATP-binding capacity of 37 naturally occurring ABCR variants produced in transiently transfected 293 cells.Membranes were analysed by immunoblotting with affinity-purified anti-ABCR antibodies (top) and photoaffinity labelling with α-32P azido-ATP (bottom). We loaded 1 μg (immunoblotting) or 2.5 μg (azido-ATP labelling) of total membrane protein, as determined by Bradford assay, per track. The mutations that reside in NBD-1 and NBD-2 are indicated above the corresponding lanes. The relative levels of the different variant proteins and the extent of azido-ATP labelling were observed to be highly reproducible in multiple independent experiments. ABCR (large arrowhead); an endogenous 55-kD protein (small arrowhead) serves as an internal control for azido-ATP labelling. Molecular mass standards are shown on the left in kD.Full size imageThe combination of immunoblotting and azido-ATP labelling revealed defects in more than 75% of the variants tested. Among the variants with reduced yield and/or ATP binding are G863A and delG863, the two protein products of a guanosine2588→cytosine mutation that both generates a glycine-to-alanine substitution at codon 863 and activates a cryptic splice acceptor site in exon 17 that results in the removal of codon 863 from approximately 50% of the transcripts10. This is the most common allele among STGD patients in Northern Europe, representing roughly 20% of disease-associated alleles. It is also present at a frequency of approximately 3% in the general population in Northern Europe and approximately 1% in the United States population7,9,10. Genotype-phenotype correlations suggest that it is a mild allele and that it leads to STGD only when paired with a more severe allele10. Relative to wild type, the G863A variant is subtantially impaired and the delG863 variant is mildly impaired (Fig. 3).

      This variant was transfected into HEK 293 cells and appears to show reduced expression and ATP-binding capacity, but no quantities were provided

    1. p.Cys2137Tyr (c.6410G>A)0.63±0.090.45±0.03 0.32±0.120Severe 17(Riveiro-Alvarez et al., 2013)

      The relative expression level (0.63) and relative substrate-stimulated ATPase activity (0.45-0.32) as compared to WT were assessed in transfected HEK293T cells. F-Index= 0, which is said to be "indicative of a severe phenotype" or categorized as Class 1 (F-index <0.05). Three or more independent experiments were carried out and unpaired T-test was used to analyze differences between WT and several variants

    1. Functional studies of the arRP-associated complex allele [L541P; A1038V] also showed abnormal localization to rod IS although the IF studies revealed a different staining pattern than R602W, because the mutant protein forms fine aggregates in the IS (Fig. 2E and F). The aggregate formation suggests a mechanism distinct from that observed for R602W may be responsible for the retention of [L541P; A1038V] in the IS. To determine which mutation prevents translocation of [L541P; A1038V] to ROS, we examined functionally the L541P and A1038V mutants independently. We observed retention of L541P in the IS (Fig. 2G and H) and correct localization of A1038V to ROS (Fig. 2I and J). These results suggest that L541P is a disease-causing mutation that affects ABCA4 processing.

      ABCA4 localization in transgenic tadpoles showed retention of L541P in the IS (Fig. 2G and H). However, this assay does not meet the requirements for use of PS3 by the ClinGen ABCA4 VCEP.

    2. The measurement of ATPase activity has been the only assay available to study the effects of mutations on ABCA4 function. We employed this assay to examine the effects of [L541P; A1038V], R602W and C1490Y mutations on in vitro ATP hydrolysis. Constructs containing wild-type and mutated ABCA4 cDNAs, tagged with the eight amino acid bovine opsin C-terminal epitope (1D4), were expressed in COS7 cells and proteins were purified on a 1D4 affinity column. CHAPS-solubilized ABCA4 was incubated subsequently with ATP, and the hydrolysis rate was estimated with the charcoal method (31).The rate of ATP hydrolysis of the complex allele [L541P; A1038V] was decreased to 68.1% of wild-type ABCA4 (Fig. 3).

      ATPase activity in COS7 cells showed decreased activity (68.1% of wild-type), indicating that this variant impacts protein function (PS3_Supporting; PMIDs). However, this is not a cell type that is counted for PS3 evidence by the ABCA4 VCEP.

    1. Patient 4 with an early frameshift mutation in one allele and a downstream p.Val552Ile mutation in the second allele has a mild form of STGD1. Because the frameshift mutation is likely to result in a null allele, any residual functional activity of ABCA4 would arise from ABCA4 harboring the p.Val552Ile missense mutation. Our in vitro studies showing that the p.Val552Ile variant expresses at close to WT levels, exhibits normal N-Ret-PE binding properties, and has only a modest reduction in ATPase activity (Table 2) are consistent with the mild disease phenotype of patient 4. Another study has also reported that the p.Val552Ile mutation is associated with a STGD1 disease phenotype.50 However, in silico predictions on the pathological relevance of this mutation have been variable.20,13 On the basis of allele frequencies in controls versus patients, it has been argued that the p.Val552Ile is most likely benign.20 At a protein level, a hydrophobic amino acid residue valine is replaced with another hydrophobic residue isoleucine. Accordingly, this substitution would be predicted to have only a marginal impact on ABCA4 protein structure and function. However, valine at position 552 of ABCA4 is invariable among vertebrate species, including other mammals, chicken, Xenopus, and Japanese puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes), attesting to the likely importance of valine at this position. Collectively, these studies suggest that the p.Val552Ile is a mild mutation in which the pathogenicity may only be displayed in selected cases. More specifically, the p.Val522Ile would display a mild STGD1 phenotype when combined with a null allele as in the case of patient 4 or a missense mutation with little or no activity such as the p.Asn965Ser mutation,37,51 but would not display a disease phenotype in a patient homozygous for this mutation or patients in which this mutation is combined with a mutation that shows significant ABCA4 function because under these circumstances sufficient ABCA4 activity would be realized to prevent the accumulation of toxic retinoids.

      In HEK293T cells, p.Val552Ile expresses at close to WT levels, exhibits normal N-Ret-PE binding properties, and has only a modest reduction in ATPase activity. Consistent with mild disease phenotype

    2. Next, we measured the effect of disease-associated mutations on the ATPase activity of ABCA4. WT and ABCA4 variants were solubilized in CHAPS, purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, and subsequently reconstituted into PE-containing liposomes at similar protein concentrations. The ATPase activity of the mutants in the presence and absence of N-Ret-PE substrate is shown in Figure 6A, ​A,6B.6B. As previously reported,25,47 addition of 40 μM all-trans retinal to WT ABCA4 resulted in a 1.8- to 2.5-fold increase in ATPase activity (Fig. 6). The ATPase activity of the mutants was measured at the same protein concentration as WT ABCA4 to determine the effect of the mutation on the functional activity of ABCA4. Five mutants (p.Val552Ile, p.Ala1038Val, p.Ala1357Thr, p.Ala1794Pro, and p.Leu2027Phe) showed reduced basal ATPase activity relative to WT ABCA4 (∼40%–85%), but this activity was stimulated 1.6- to 3.0-fold by the addition of all-trans retinal. On the other hand, p.Gly72Arg, p.Met448Lys, p.Leu541Pro, p.Gly1091Glu, p.Gly1961Glu, and p.Arg2077Trp variants showed drastically reduced basal activity with little or no substrate stimulation.Open in a separate windowFigure 6ATPase activity of ABCA4 variants. The ATPase activity of immunopurified and reconstituted ABCA4 variants was measured in the presence or absence of all-trans retinal. (A) Quantification of the basal and retinal-stimulated ATPase activity of ABCA4 variants normalized to WT basal ATPase activity. ATPase assays were carried out using similar concentrations of purified ABCA4. Data expressed as an average ± SD for n ≥ 3 independent experiments. (B) Representative curves of specific ATPase activity as a function of all-trans retinal concentration for WT and ABCA4 variants. (C) Relative basal ATPase activity of WT and A1794P using equal amounts of transfected HEK293T cells. Data expressed as an average ± SD. Measurements were done in triplicate.To more directly evaluate the expression and function of the p.Ala1794Pro variant, we transfected HEK293T cells separately with WT ABCA4 and the p.Ala1794Pro mutant cDNAs at similar levels. After solubilization in CHAPS buffer, the samples were subjected to high-speed centrifugation and the supernatant was reconstituted into liposomes for analysis of its basal and substrate activated ATPase activity. As shown in Figure 6C, the p.Ala1794Pro had a significantly reduced activity due largely to the low expression of this variant. These studies indicate that only a small fraction of the p.Ala1794Pro mutant folds into a functionally active protein and correlates well with the phenotype of patient 5.

      As shown in other publications, the ATPase activity of this variant appears to be drastically reduced compared to WT when transfected into HEK293 cells, but expression is comparable to WT.

    1. The plots of fluorescence anisotropy changes of 11-cis-retinal with wild type and mutant NBD1 protein titrations are shown in Fig. 6, A–C. The binding of mutant G863A was significantly attenuated as indicated by the drastic right shift of the binding isotherm as well as its inability to achieve saturation in the presence of a high concentration of protein (Fig. 6A). Nonlinear regression analysis gave Kd of 8.0 ± 1.3 × 10−8 m, 8.0 ± 2.0 × 10−6 m, and 4.0 ± 1.4 × 10−6 m for the wild type and R943Q and P940R mutations, respectively (Fig. 6 and Table 1). As a consequence of Stargardt disease mutations, 100-fold (R943Q) to 50-fold (P940R) decreases in the binding affinity of the NBD1 domain for 11-cis-retinal were observed. The retinal binding of the G863A mutant was severely attenuated, and the Kd was ≥1.0 × 10−5 m.

      The effects of this variant on 11-cis-retinal interaction with the NBD1 was evaluated via fluorescence anisotropy. The binding of mutant G863A was significantly attenuated (Kd was ≥1.0 × 10−5 m) as indicated by the drastic right shift of the binding isotherm as well as its inability to achieve saturation in the presence of a high concentration of protein (Fig. 6A).

    1. A 37-year-old East Asian woman

      Case#: Patient 37 yo, F, Eastern Asian, onset at 8yo (early onset), Heterozygous, AR inheritance patterns

      DiseaseAssertion:Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)

      FamilyInfo: Two brothers with RP and father with poor vision at 30 yo but no formal diagnosis

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0003581, HP:0007737, HP:0000510, HP:000133

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP: 0000007, HP:0007663, HP:0000505, HP:0000662

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      Genotyping Method: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: Panel of genes; RP1L1, RP-GRIP1, ABCA4, and GRM6

      Variant: c.5501T>C p.(Met1019Ille)

      ClinVar: 1481089

      SupplementalData: see tables 1 and 2 for genetic variant panel

    1. G818EER51 ± 1363 ± 5111 ± 825 ± 312 ± 32Moderate/Severe

      When expressed in transfected HEK293T cells and quantified by Western blotting, this variant was in the range of 40%-52%. This variant has a basal ATPase activity of 63% ± 5% compared to WT (100%) and was categorized as class 2 (partial reduction in expression and basal ATPase activity that was modestly stimulated by N-Ret-PE) with a moderate/severe predicted severity.

    1. Analysis of the rates of hydrolysis of ATP and CTP in the mutant protein demonstrated that they were significantly reduced (Fig. 3). The results presented in Fig. 3A indicated that the ATPase function of G863A mutant protein was reduced ∼3-fold as compared with NBD1wt, indicating ∼70% of inhibition of the ATPase activity. TheVmax (ATPase) for G863A mutant was 128 pmol/min/mg and that of the wild-type NBD1 was 584 pmol/min/mg (Table II). A time-course analysis of ATP hydrolysis using 2.5 μg of protein (Fig. 3C) suggested the actual rates of ATP hydrolysis were attenuated 3-fold as a consequence of the mutation. We have earlier reported that the NBD1wt has significantly higher CTPase than ATPase activity (1717.Biswas, E.E.Biochemistry. 2001; 40:8181-8187CrossrefScopus (25)PubMedGoogle Scholar). However, in the mutant G863A protein the CTPase activity was reduced (Fig.3B). In this case, the CTP hydrolysis of G863A was reduced to ∼30% of the activity of NDB1wt. The Vmaxfor G863A mutant was 104 pmol/min/mg and that of the wild-type NBD1 was 376 pmol/min/mg (Table II).

      ATPase function of G863A mutant protein was reduced ∼3-fold as compared with NBD1wt, indicating ∼70% of inhibition of the ATPase activity (Fig. 3). TheVmax (ATPase) for G863A mutant was 128 pmol/min/mg and that of the wild-type NBD1 was 584 pmol/min/mg (Table II).

  3. Jul 2026
    1. Complete deletion

      GroupID/ KindredID: 28

      PatientID: II

      Case: 24Y0M, Sex unknown, Polish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Family 28 consisted of 4 members; one relative (age 27Y) was found with multiple cerebellar HABs at 25Y, and multiple spinal HABs, another (40Y) diagnosed at 30Y with multiple cerebellar HABs, and multiple spinal HABs, and a final relative (62Y), diagnosed with a single HAB.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient was diagnosed with a single cerebellar HAB at 24Y

      GroupNotHPOs: HP:0009713; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (spinal hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma; renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: complete deletion of VHL gene

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Haplotype analysis information in Table 3

      MutationType: deletion

      CivicName: deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. GroupID/ KindredID: F28

      Case: Sex unknown, 23Y0M, Spanish

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: familial antecedents found; unknown of any additional features of index case relatives

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000107; HP:0009711; HP:0006880; HP:0006770; HP:0002666 (renal cysts, retinal capillary hemangioma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: unilateral pheo, bilateral ccRCC and multiple lesions were found with the patient’s renal cysts. Age of onset is 23Y0M.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001737 (pancreatic cysts)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: rearrangement (unspecified)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Southern blot positive

      MutationType: rearrangement_region

      CivicName: Rearrangement

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A