217 Matching Annotations
  1. Aug 2020
    1. The most quoted and probably most fundamental essay by Peter Haff about the technosphere. The argumentation is clearly opposed to an argumentation that sees technology as something controllable by humans. It's about the whole world, or sphere of artifacts, and people, in so far as they are part of that sphere. In essence, Haff argues by starting from the different layers of a system (stratum 1, 2, and 3). From a certain layer (stratum 2) the components of the lower layer (stratum 1) are inaccessible and the components of the higher layer (stratum 3) are not to be influenced. Only components on the same layer can be influenced. - The sphere belongs to the prerequisites of its parts: Without biosphere no organisms, without semi-sphere no signs, without technosphere no techniques (Haff does not speak of semi-sphere here, but see Towards a semiotics of the technosphere). The technosphere depends on energy and is threatened by entropy. It needs to recycle the waste it produces in order to maintain its functions.

      After the first reading, much of this argument reminds me of conservative authors like Arnold Gehlen, Martin Heidegger (Gestell), and perhaps Ernst Jünger (who, as far as I know, has a similar understanding of the relationship of the worker to technology). I suspect that an actor-network theoretical argument would criticize the concept of closed spheres—although these spheres are not super-systems.


      Der am meisten zitierte und wohl grundlegende Aufsatz von Peter Haff über die Technosphäre. Die Argumentation ist klar einer Argumentation entgegengesetzt, die Technik als etwas von Menschen Kontrollierbares ansieht. Es geht um die gesamte Welt oder Sphäre der Artefakte und die Menschen, insofern sie Teil dieser Sphäre sind. Im Kern argumentiert Haff, indem er von den verschiedenen Schichten eines Systems ausgeht (Stratum 1, 2 und 3). Von einer bestimmten Schicht aus (Stratum 2) sind die Komponenten der niedrigeren Schicht (Stratum 1) unzugänglich und die Komponenten der höheren Schicht (Stratum 3) nicht zu beeinflussen. Zu beeinflussen sind nur Komponenten auf derselben Ebene. - Die Sphäre gehört zu den Voraussetzungen ihrer Teile: Ohne Biosphäre keine Organismen, ohne Semiosphäre keine Zeichen, ohne Technosphäre keine Techniken (wobei Haff hier nicht von Semiosphäre spricht, siehe aber Towards a semiotics of the technosphere). Die Technosphäre ist auf Energie angewiesen und wird von Entropie bedroht. Sie muss den waste den sie erzeugt, selbst recyceln, um ihre Funktionen weiter aufrechterhalten zu können.

      Nach der ersten Lektüre erinnert mich vieles in dieser Argumentation an konservative Autoren wie Arnold Gehlen, Martin Heidegger (Gestell) und vielleicht auch Ernst Jünger (der, so weit ich weiss, das Verhältnis des Arbeiters zur Technik ähnlich verstanden hat). Ich vermute, dass eine Actor-Network-theoretische Argumentation das Konzept der geschlossenen Sphären kritisieren würde—wobei diese Sphären aber keine Über-Systeme sind.

  2. Jun 2020
    1. copy editing

      I'd like to strike a blow for line editing. From Peter Ginna's brilliant What Editors Do:

      A line edit dials down to the paragraph/sentence/word level. As we said, it’s usually a much more expensive job than a developmental edit. A line editor will go through the pages of your book with a fine-toothed comb, looking for dialogue that feels awkward, sentences that don’t quite work, repetition, and more. Obviously this happens when the bulk of the work in terms of plot, character, beginnings, middles, and ends is done. It’s not that a line edit can’t address the bigger picture. But in most publishing houses an editor simply won’t do a line edit until the bigger issues are addressed, so as not to have to do the same work twice. It’s smart to stick with that order in self-publishing too. Line edits may or may not come with an editorial letter. But be sure that the fee includes time for you to meet in person or talk on the phone once you’ve had a chance to digest the edits. Often the same person could do both a developmental edit and line edit, if that’s what you decide to pay for, but you will also need a copyeditor. Copyeditors are the grammarians, the fact-checkers, the formatting gurus, the identifiers of repetitive words and phrases. They are the ones who make a book as smooth as a fresh jar of Skippy. The one instance where you might not need a separate copyeditor is if you hire someone to do a line edit who does a copyedit simultaneously. Some people have both skills and can pull this off, though it’s rare.

  3. May 2020
    1. In evolutionary terms, certainly, because the individuals that show these traits have a higher chance of survival in the long term.

      Not surprisingly, nature is a great teacher. Not until the 1950s and Johnny von Neumann did game theory get developed, but it was found that tit for tat with forgiveness is the optimal model. In other words, altruism or as Henry Ford called it, enlightened self-interest (https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Game_theory)

  4. Feb 2020
    1. The coat is a use value that satisfies a particular want

      Marx: "Yesterday I pawned a coat dating back to my Liverpool days in order to buy writing paper" (Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Collected Works, vol. 38 [1852-55]: 221).

      On the significance of Marx's coat, see Peter Stallybrass, “Marx’s Coat,” in Border Fetishisms: Material Objects in Unstable Spaces, ed. Patricia Spyer (New York: Routledge, 1998): 183–207. [PDF].

  5. Jan 2019
  6. Dec 2018
    1. That said, for a thoughtful survey of how the commons, cultural and otherwise, might thrive inside of, or along with, with current conditions I recommend Peter Barnes’s book, Capitalism 3.0: A Guide to Reclaiming the Commons. One of Barnes’s points is that our debates about the future often imagine only two actors: the government and private business. Barnes suggests a third set, common property trusts (as, for example, the kind of land trusts devised by the Nature Conservancy). There is much to say about common property trusts but for now the point is simply that we already have a mix of cultural modes and should continue to have them going forward with, I hope, the commons recognized and strengthened.

      One of the areas I find challenging in addressing Creative Commons culture is how Creative Commons relates to capitalistic culture (or rejects it). Creative Commons can be compatible with open market, but it can also challenge some of the fundamental tenants of it. Throughout the units, as I tried to imagine applications of Creative Commons, or making licensing decisions as a creative and academic, I found that I had questions about artists and how they can earn a living in this model, and how this model supported and challenged my role as a librarian in academe.

  7. Nov 2018
    1. But now it was all for the best: a law of nature, a chance for the monopolists to do good for the universe. The cheerer-in-chief for the monopoly form is Peter Thiel, author of Competition Is for Losers. Labeling the competitive economy a “relic of history” and a “trap,” he proclaimed that “only one thing can allow a business to transcend the daily brute struggle for survival: monopoly profits.”

      Sounds like a guy who is winning all of the spoils.

  8. Jul 2017
  9. Jun 2017
  10. May 2017
    1. rising

      I agree with the points made by Ssamo1 The Pope is trying hard to tell people to stick to the traditional Catholic practices and shun the reformatory ideas of Martin Luther. He is being religiously appealing for people of that time because he knew that those who have believed in Roman Catholicism and have been loyal to the Pope, Peter and the Church will listen to him and consider Martin Luther and his reformation as prime evil. These words work powerfully from religious as well as from the political perspective.

  11. Jan 2017
  12. Dec 2016
  13. Nov 2016