1,198 Matching Annotations
  1. Aug 2018
  2. www.hamburg-port-authority.de www.hamburg-port-authority.de
    1. In­tel­li­gen­t rail­way point Fre­quently used points on the har­bour rail­way are fit­ted with sen­so­rs that trans­mit da­ta to a cen­tra­l IT sys­tem in real-time. They col­lect a va­ri­ety of data by mov­ing or pass­ing over the switch­ing points and thereby pro­vide in­for­ma­tion about the con­di­tion and wear of the es­sen­tial op­er­a­tional in­ter­sec­tions. The ben­e­fit: we can iden­tify main­te­nance work or re­pai­rs at an early stage, thereby avoid­ing down­time.

      Intelligent Railway Points

    2. Shore power from re­new­able en­er­gies Thanks to a land­side cruise liner power sup­ply sourced from re­newa­ble en­er­gi­es, we are sig­nif­i­cantly re­ducing the en­vi­ron­men­tal im­pact in Ham­burg. These ocean-go­ing gi­ants are sup­plied with elec­tric­ity via a trans­former ­sta­ti­on and mo­bi­le trans­fer mech­a­nism at the Al­to­na cruise ship ­ter­mi­nal. The di­men­sio­ns of the land­side power plant are unique in Eu­ro­pe. We are cur­rently con­sid­er­ing us­ing sim­i­lar mo­dels in other ar­eas of the port in fu­ture.

      Shore Power from Renewable Energies

    3. smart­PORT en­er­gy The HPA pro­motes en­vi­ron­men­tally-friend­ly mo­bi­li­ty and ad­vo­cates re­du­ced en­er­gy con­sump­tion. smart­PORT en­er­gy there­fore helps limit its de­pen­dence on con­ven­tio­nally gen­er­ated power, re­duce emis­sio­ns and save money. It fo­cuses on three core ar­eas: re­newable en­er­gi­es, en­er­gy ­ef­fici­ency an

      smartPORT Energy

    1. Berlin: Invest in a city with a bright future Do you plan to invest in Berlin, start a company here, or relocate your headquarters here? Smart move! Your company can also benefit from the excellent local conditions in the German capital. The Berlin economic development corporation, Berlin Partner for Business and Technology, will support you while your company transfers to the new location, providing help with enterprise development and the transfer of technology with tailored service packages. Berlin Partner's experts can provide you with comprehensive and free advice about Berlin at the Business Location Center.

      Business Location Centre

    1. Berlin is Germany’s hotspot for founders and also the new venture capital. Entrepreneurs – and also potential entrepreneurs – find exactly the right environment here to implement their business ideas. With around 40,000 business registrations per year and more than 500 startup companies, Berlin is undisputedly Germany's founder capital and is expanding its nationwide lead. The capital is particularly appealing for founders in the creative sectors and technology. The starting conditions are advantageous: office and location expenses are much lower than in other major cities. Berlin attracts young, highly qualified people from all over the world. The high life quality at comparably low living costs, the vital scene life and international environment are the reasons for young entrepreneurs to implement their business ideas here. Numerous national and international studies regard Berlin as a leading global location for business start-ups with the world's best growth potential. The start-up scene is not only gaining importance as a job engine for the city, but has also become an important driving force for the Berlin office market.

      sdsd

    1. Internationalisation programme – support for SME projects Support for small and medium-sized enterprises Do you have a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) based or with a facility in Berlin and are you looking to enter new markets abroad for your products or services? In order to boost your international competitive strength, we can support you with a grant to open up new markets.

      Internationalization Program - support for SME

    1. Co-working spaces are generally fully-equipped offices and working areas, which offer an opportunity to network within the “community”, alongside complete infrastructure with a range of services. They are used by individuals, startups and an increasing number of outsourced departments of established companies as their main place of work. For the user, they represent a flexible and, depending on the deal, cost-effective alternative to conventional office spaces in self-contained rental units. Startups and larger companies are increasingly preferring co-working spaces over classic office spaces, as they offer straightforward opportunities for an exchange with other people, or to recruit new employees. Berlin is the capital city of company founders. The range of well-equipped co-working spaces in a central location is very wide, and points to continued dynamic growth. The spectrum ranges from small units with a few tables to professionally operated offices with hundreds or sometimes even over 1,000 workplaces. International providers allow their members the opportunity to make use of desks and meeting spaces in other cities around the world.

      Co-working Spaces

    1. With our online tool it is easy to find available financing options for your business in Berlin. Gain an overview over the relevant publicly funded programs and other funding opportunities and learn how to apply.  With just a few clicks you can find individual ways to finance your business in Berlin. The aim of this Funding Finder is to make it easier for founders and entrepreneurs in Berlin to access the various types of financing and funding.The range of funding opportunities includes not only public sources of funding but also other financing options such as venture capital, crowd funding, leasing and factoring.The information provided represents a selection of what in our experience are the most common forms of financing and funding which are available to businesses in Berlin. It is directed at current and future member companies of the CCI Berlin. 

      Funding Finder Berlin

    1. Our web app* is the personal assistant for anyone wanting to live and work in Berlin. After answering just a few simple questions, you will receive a customised to-do list to help make your arrival in the German capital easier.Whether you are looking for work, planning to set up or relocate a company, or wanting to embark on training or study courses, the web app will be able to help you by providing specific tips and information along with the details of various contact partners, thereby making the first steps towards this new part of your life that bit easier.

      Welcome to Berlin App

    1. Transfer BONUS Do you have a small or medium-sized company and are looking to develop your products and services further? Would you like to step up innovation and secure your company's future? And do you need the support of a scientific institution? Then you should make use of the Transfer BONUS. This support programme helps to finance co-operation between companies and scientific institutions from Berlin and Brandenburg.

      TransferBONUS

    1. Berlin Innovativ - Berlin innovation Our added benefit for your digital future and internationalisation Do you need financing for your project and do you meet with one of our innovation criteria? Under the 'Berlin innovation' programme, loans of up to EUR 2m are granted via your bank in order to finance investment and working capital. The advantage for you is that IBB provides your bank with 70% liability redemption. This support programme especially targets innovation companies and start-ups in Berlin with the aim of helping them to strengthen their competitiveness and to develop new markets.

      Berlin Innovation

    1. Berlin is a high-tech location with a clear focus on cutting-edge technologies and knowledge-based services. BERLIN INNOVATION is a technology platform which showcases innovations “made in Berlin”. It serves as a "showroom" to establish Berlin as a major innovation hub and offers information about innovations to the wider public, businesses, investors and state-owned companies in Berlin. Clearly structured information on innovative products, processes and services from businesses in Berlin offers insights into innovations which are successfully implemented in the city. The aim of this information is also to stimulate demand for innovative solutions to business needs.

      BERLIN INNOVATION

    1. The waste management strategy adopted by the Berlin House of Representatives for the period 2010 to 2020 also provides for an extension of the annual waste audits to provide a comprehensive report on material flows, and climate and environmental impacts for non­hazardous waste, in order to improve the control and evaluation of waste material flows. Therefore the Senate Environment Department, partially financed through the “Climate Protection – Sector strategies” programme of the Federal Ministry of the Environment, commissioned the IFEU Institute Heidelberg and the ICU Berlin to develop a plan for the im­plementation of exemplary, climate-friendly waste management measures for Land Berlin.

      Waste Management Audit

    2. The public acquisition system can play an important role in a modern closed-cycle econo­my. Every year, official bodies in the city, from the city and district administrations to the public corporations, statutory bodies and public-law foundations purchase products and services costing some EUR 4 to 5 billion. When placing orders, a considerable contribution can be made to environmental protection by giving preference to environmentally-friendly products and materials and to processes which reduce the impact on the environment. In this way it is not only possible to conserve resources such as energy and water, but also to prevent threats to health and the environment.

      Administrative Regulations - Waste Management

    3. Some 60,000 tonnes of organic waste are collected by BSR every year in the city’s BIOGUT bins. Since the summer of 2013, this organic waste has been treated in the newly-erected biogas fermentation plant in Berlin-Ruhleben. Recycling and energy recovery mean that in comparison with the composting procedures previously used it has been possible to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The biogas plant of BSR in Ruhleben has a capacity of 60,000 tonnes. The plant oper­ates using the dry fermentation method. Microorganisms from the organic waste generate the biogas. This method is particularly suitable for organic waste with a water content of 60–80%, which is typical for kitchen waste from Berlin households. After the biogas has been cleaned, treated and concentrated, it consists of 98% methane, and is therefore chemically identical with natural gas. After having been prepared in this way it can therefore be fed into the gas supply so that the natural gas vehicles used by BSR for waste collection can be refuelled at its own filling points. In the coming years it will be possible for BSR to operate as many as 150 natural gas vehicle

      Biogas Fermentation Plant

    1. BürgerBautStadt makes it easier for citizens to participate in construction projects and planning approval procedures. For this purpose, the authors have collected data from various sources and made available on the website as a map, list or e-mail notification. BürgerBautStadt was launched at the ideas competition Stadt Land <Code> of the Open Knowledge Foundation Germany and was supported until May 2013 with a scholarship in the implementation.

      Burger baut Stadt - Citizen Participation Application

    1. The tourism app CultiMapp opens up new possibilities to explore Berlin by linking and enriching the Berlin 3D city model with cultural information. The integrated 3D viewer allows you to fly over interesting buildings near your own location. In the future, historical photographs and detailed shots will also be integrated into the viewer to make Berlin's cultural heritage visible.

      CultiMapp

    1. naturtrip.org is the first public transport information where you do not have to know the destination. After all, when it comes to excursions, one usually does not know exactly where one wants to go, but only what one plans to do. Namely eat delicious, relax in the spa, dozing or paddling in the sun. Therefore one searches with naturtrip.org from A for "Strandbad" or "Kanuverleih". And how long you want to be on the road. 30 minutes, 60 minutes or more. Then you get on the map exactly the destinations shown, which can be reached from your own location in 30 min or 60 min currently by train, bus or bike. 

      Nature Trip - Public Transport Information Berlin

    1. How often are streets cleaned in Berlin? With the interactive map application street cleaning in Berlin, the cleaning frequency per week can be called up for each street in the Berlin city area. Additional information can be retrieved simply by clicking on the respective street - What is being cleaned? - Who is responsible and how high are the fees for the residents. The app can be used in any web browser on any device. The application is based on the geodata from the street cleaning directory of the Berliner Stadtreinigung (BSR) and is operated via the mapping platform ArcGIS Online .

      Street Cleaning - Berlin

    1. Enter AiRelo: a prime example of a small yet powerful tool for enhancing city administration and disrupting a previously unproductive model of registering an address. With AiRelo’s simple, quick and easily accessible approach, it saves time, money, and resources when registering an address. Its artificial intelligence algorithm can also be adapted and utilized to assist with other tiresome administration tasks in a variety of other cities. It also collects data on the user so it can further assist them in future administration-related dilemmas.

      AiRelo: City Registration

    1. VBB timetable data via GTFS The Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB) hereby provides the up-to-date bus and train timetable data from Berlin and Brandenburg in GTFS format. This current record includes lines, departure times, routes, etc. (more on the format at https://developers.google.com/transit/gtfs/ ). VBB logos for the required naming "VBB Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg GmbH" are available at https://www.vbb.de/presse/media-service/logos?slug=logos . Outdated timetable data can be requested at api@vbb.de .

      VBB Bus Train Timetable

    1. Today Ayumi and Christian von Dycle were with us. They have found a way to create an eco-friendly cycle with their diapers: The 100% biodegradable deposits are collected, composted so that no bad odor arises, and can then be used as soil. The Dycle Community is still producing the diaper liners by hand , but this year it is planned to develop a machine that can produce much more diapers in less time. It is not important to invent a high-tech device, but a machine that is simple and effective so that it will be used in as many Dycle communities as possible in the future.

      DYCLE - Recycling Baby Diapers

    1. Nikolaus Starzacher from Discovergy visited us last week . The start-up has developed its own smart meter gateway, which not only measures and displays the power consumption live, but can even recognize some of the appliances used in the household based on specific consumption data. With the help of real-time data, more transparency is created and users can precisely optimize their power consumption. For example, by replacing old appliances which - now recognizable - consume a lot of energy with new ones or choose a different time of day with more favorable electricity prices for the use of a washing machine or dishwasher. The Discovergy user interface works both in the browser and via an app on the smartphone or tablet. There is also the option to subscribe to evaluations or to receive notifications when exceptional consumption is perceived.

      DISCOVERGY - Full transparency and control over energy consumption and production

    1. visited us to produce Instinct 's first organic- grade insect snack . For this they use grilling flour without visible insect constituents, as this reduces the inhibition threshold to eat food of this kind at all. After all, Instinct is not a fun lifestyle product that is bought for the horror of, and perhaps only consumed. The bar should rather be a healthy alternative to normal snacks. Why eat insects? Those who eat insects protect the environment. For the cultivation of one kilogram of barbecues one needs only an area of ​​15 square meters, for the same amount of beef already 250 square meters. Also, the CO2 emissions in the crickets is many times smaller: for one kilogram it is only 0.27 kilos, for beef it is 27 kilos, so 100 times as much. In addition, crickets are healthy: Instinct contains all the essential amino acids and plenty of vitamin B12 - and the snacks are crystal sugar, gluten and lactose free

      Instinct 's first organic- grade insect snack

    1. Perttu, co-founder of Radbahn , has presented the concept for the cycle path below the U1 in Berlin. The special feature of this line: over several kilometers, it does not run underground, but runs on a route made of steel. The space underneath is largely unused - ideal for creating a covered bicycle path that leads from the southeast of the city to the west . Cycle track is more than a bike path At selected locations, electricity is to be generated by means of photovoltaic elements or the kinetic energy of cars crossing the route. This is then available at charging stations for electric cars or bicycles. In addition, the median strip is to become an urban meeting place. VibRad has just won the "Radbahn + Innovators" competition. In their concept, tubes are suspended from the route on a partial section. By subway wagons and passing cars resulting vibration is thus converted into energy. This is fed into the circuit and also produces light at the ends of the tubes. Radbahn has already won prestigious awards, aroused great interest among German and international media and completed a successful crowdfunding campaign

      Radbahn Berlin Future Visions for the Ecomobile City

    1. The DIGINET-PS research project involves the development and implementation of a connected urban infrastructure test field along a stretch of Straße des 17. Juni between Ernst-Reuter Platz and the Brandenburg Gate, designed to advance and validate automated and autonomous driving and its broad range of individual areas under real-life traffic circumstances. The test infrastructure is intended to provide central, regional and supra-regional companies and R&D institutes with the opportunity to field test automated driving within an authentic urban setting. This will establish Germany’s first pilot project to build a digital test field for automated driving in highly complex traffic situations. DIGINET-PS will contribute to implementing Berlin’s smart city strategy in the area of mobility and will also support the state’s Digital Agenda.

      DIGINET-PS: The digitally connected protocol route – urban test field for automated and connected driving in Berlin

    1. The ELEKTRA research project seeks to develop an energy-efficient, hybrid-powered inland push boat. The project will demonstrate hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in combination with accumulators on inland waterway vessels in order to test the technology under operating conditions. Focus AreasElectric heavy-cargo shipsBZ drive

      The ELEKTRA research project seeks to develop an energy-efficient, hybrid-powered inland push boat

    1. The research project eMobility-Scout deals with the conceptualization, implementation and testing of a cloud-based IT solution for the operation of electric vehicles and for sharing charging infrastructures among different businesses. In doing so, eMobility-Scout is considering the interest shown by many companies and institutions for simple and smart integration of electric vehicles into their fleets. Solutions for diverse areas of application in commercial mobility are being developed and tested, while taking logistical, economic and ecological aspects into account. Experienced project partners and affiliates, as well as renowned end users, are contributing extensive knowledge to the project. The results of the research project for IKT EM III should also gain substantial recognition in the public sphere.

      eMobility-Scout - cloud-based IT solution for operating electric vehicles and sharing private charging infrastructures

    1. Berlin’s urban tourism sector has been growing for years. The demand for sustainable and green vehicle solutions for city tours is rising accordingly. Within this project, BCT City Tour GmbH and its subsidiary POKRA Omnibus Werkstatt GmbH is converting diesel-powered double-decker buses to exclusively electric drive systems.

      Electrification of double-decker buses for tourism purposes

    1. A fully integrated logistics concept to establish environment and climate friendly supply chains in urban districts is going to evolve from the project. Co-creation processes, which are supported by online tools, are being used to develop the concept. The development and testing of sustainable business and deployment models is the goal of Distribut(e) and this will be addressed through the development of a shared e-logistics system in Klausenerplatz and at Mierendorff-Insel. The system will relate to a specific district (Kiez) in Berlin. A digital dialogue platform will be set up for the purpose of ordering local goods and for the booking of cargo bikes. Other low-threshold service offerings will be developed using Urban Design Thinking and will be integrated into the operating model.Focus Areas Integrated shared e-logistics at Mierendorff-Insel and at KlausenerplatzUrban Design Thinking: Formats for the co-creation process for sustainable urban district logisticsEfficiency enhancement in the delivery of goods in the ‘last mile’Mobile and online participation: Promotion of local production chains and activation of local stakeholders such as small to medium sized companies and local residentsIdentification of new sharing and value-in-use conceptsHigher standards in terms of the transparency, sovereignty, security and efficiency of data on the online platform

      Distribut(e): Green city district (Kiez) supply chains for the city of tomorrow

    1. The project's objective is the introduction of electric vehicles featuring innovative charging techniques inpublic transport and the demonstration of the use of inductive charging technology during ongoing operations. Berlin's public transport association, the BVG, intends to establish an electric bus line including an inductivecharging infrastructure. The battery capacity in buses can be reduced to a size of 90 kWh, thanks to opportunity based charging.

      E-Bus Berlin

  3. Jul 2018
    1. 6

      Step 5:

      Secure the back panel of the drawer by sliding one side in first. There are 2 110519 for each side, secure them by hand or a hammer.

      Step 6:

      Screw 100481 using a Phillip-Head screwdriver into the underside of the desk. Make sure they are secured in the top-most and bottom-most positions.

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    Annotators

  4. May 2018
  5. Mar 2018
    1. Now inasmuch as the territorial possessions of each Province were reserved as a means of producing local revenue for the respective Provinces, it was evident that if the Province of New Brunswick were deprived of this privilege of imposing an export duty it would be obliged to revert to the old expensive process of levying stumpage dues, against which its representatives in Conference very strongly protested.

      §.92(5) of the Constitution Act, 1867.

  6. Feb 2018
    1. . Literature on theme studies and inquiry cycles Language Arts, Vol. 82 No. 5, March 2005 (Fisher, 1998; Gamberg, Kwak, Hutchings, 8t Altheim, 1988; Short 8t Burke, 1991) helped me transform my curriculum from themes about teddy bears and applesauce to in- quiry cycles where the children asked questions pertinent to their worlds. Questions surfaced about the house that was being demol- ished and rebuilt across from the school. When spring came, it rained and rained and eventually caused major flooding. Nature gave us in- credible reasons to investigate our world

      Connecting lessons and concepts to concrete things that children are familiar with helps them understand it better. It goes from feeling foreign to feeling understandable and important.

    2. On the following day during writing workshop, I pull my chair up along- side Aaron, and we decide to write a story together about our experience. When we share our story with the rest of the class, many more chil- dren are prompted to share stories from their worlds- stories of Sandra's next-door neighbor who raises 200 birds and of Manuel's grandma who had a runaway tamale!

      Students sharing their stories in the classroom is so important. It helps build a sense of community of learners who care about one another on a deeper level than just being classmates. They can understand what their life outside of school is like, and it expands their view of the world. It not only helps them get to know their classmates better, but it helps them learn about certain things that they may not even know were happening or existed. Not only this, but it provides students with an environment in which they feel safe and comfortable to share these stories about their life with everyone.

    3. "He is doomed to failure."

      This, as well as the others before it, is a phrase that should never be said about a student. No student is ever doomed to failure. Even if their home life is not perfect, they can still excel. If teachers have this mindset, then of course their students will not do well. They need to provide an environment for students where phrases like this do not exist. Aaron was demonstrating great literacy skills that his teacher did not even realize he had, so it is not fair to say that this home environment he was in makes him doomed to failure.

    4. Aaron comes over and whispers to me that it is a good thing that I am teaching him to read because they need him to read a lot here at the bar.

      Although she saw him as a struggling reader, in his environment, he is great at it. This is because he is able to apply it to things he knows. He is using reading in a way that he believes is useful and helpful, so it comes easily for him there. As teachers, we need to implement this in our classroom. We need to integrate their home life and community in our classroom.

    5. hat every child who comes through the classroom door becomes our tea

      This is so important! Teachers should learn from their students just as much as they learn from us. This is important for students to understand as well. Learning is a two way relationship.

  7. Nov 2017
  8. Sep 2017
    1. As the reproductive system awakens to activity it naturally attracts the attention of the girl, and an effort should be made to call her thoughts to other themes.

      Discussion of hysteria in girls, making sex taboo for girls and also stating that there are "other things" that they should be taking care of. What would the view towards men's sexual development be?

    2. It is unfortunate that girls generally have the idea that it is not modest to think of marriage further than the ceremony.

      This is now the era where a woman thinks past the ceremony of marriage and about the possibility of future children; because of this, it is now the woman's responsibility as the one who actually bears the children to make sure that they are not messed up genetically and educated correctly.

    3. But she has the power to decide what shall be the paternal ancestry of [213]her household; and if she is duly impressed with the responsibility of this power, she will not allow herself to fall in love and marry a man of whose family she knows nothing, or knows facts that do not promise well for posterity.

      This is also the idea that the poor chose to be poor. If the women did not choose to marry poor men there would not be poor children.

    1. Here we go round the prickly pear     Prickly pear prickly pear     Here we go round the prickly pear     At five o'clock in the morning.

      The repetition here demonstrates the hollow man's ardent search for any form of relief from his hopeless condition. The speaker always feels that he is on the verge of entering into a greater hope, but instead finds himself going in circles.

  9. May 2017
    1. economic planning regions

      The Soviet Union’s economy was one that was planned by leaders in the Party. The Gosplan was the agency that was responsible for the central economic planning in the Soviet Union. It was established in 1921 and did not have a large role at first. However, after the October Revolution and Russian Civil War, a large period of economic collapse occurred and a planned economy was necessary to stimulate the economy, increase productivity, and distribute necessary commodities. The Gosplan’s main task was to create and administer a series of 5-year plans that governed the economy of the USSR. The committee was disbanded in 1991 at the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

      Faulhaber, Gerald R., and David J. Farber. "Spectrum management: Property rights, markets, and the commons." Rethinking rights and regulations: institutional responses to new communication technologies (2003): 193-206.

  10. Apr 2017
  11. Feb 2017
  12. Oct 2016
    1. "Dismissing violent misogynists as 'crazy' is a neat way of saying that violent misogyny is an individual problem, not a cultural one,"

      McEwan expertly phrases this important point! This excerpt could be used to support my claim that culturally, white males are privileged and coddled which can lead to violent outbursts.

    2. (Only last month, a young woman was allegedly stabbed to death for rejecting a different young man's prom invitation.)

      By offering further evidence of misogynistic crime, the reader begins to understand how pressing this issue is. This plays to both the ethos and logos of Valenti. Ethos, because the author includes a link to the source, and logos because a list of examples can be seen as data, as evidence of wrongdoing.

    3. But to dismiss this as a case of a lone "madman" would be a mistake.

      Valenti is aware of the way in which crimes of this nature (and their perpetrators) are typically addressed in the media, and she makes a point to not allow the excuses. Too many times, excuses are made for men who commit heinous crimes like this. The perpetrator is referred to as the "lone wolf" who got in over his head, or was in some other way irresponsible for his own actions. By addressing this issue head on, Valenti gains trust from the reader and grows her ethos.

    4. We should know this by now, but it bears repeating: misogyny kills.

      Valenti addresses her claim head-on here. Misogyny is toxic ideology that contributes to white male privilege. When that privilege is disrupted, and self-image is threatened, disaster can ensue.

    5. Elliot Rodger's California shooting spree: further proof that misogyny kills

      Valenti, Jessica. "Elliot Rodger's California Shooting Spree: Further Proof That Misogyny Kills." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 24 May 2014. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.

  13. illiad.library.colostate.edu illiad.library.colostate.edu
    1. Nursing standard

      This article would not let me use hypothesis.is in the actual article; however, I decided to write the entire source needs up here.

      Erin Dean is the author of this article that appeared in the news. As a reporter, Dean is expected to research conversion therapy through out time. This source does not provide much insight on the conversion therapy or the lgbt+ youth that are subjected to it; however, it does provide an interesting viewpoint on how it affected the people who were on the other side of these tests.

      Dean suggests that this 'cure' of conversion therapy on lgbt+ individuals through out the ages is unpleasant and harsh; however, it also explains that conversion therapy was not just harsh on the patients, but those involved with administering these treatments were also affected.

      Dean explains that conversion therapy is harmful to more than just one group, which may be an unpopular opinion to people who believe this is solely an lgbt+ individual's issue because they may believe that by talking about the nurses and doctors involved in this practice that it takes away from the issue at hand.

      The author of this article uses the facts of historic occurrences and suicides that happened to people who were involved in conversion therapy.

      I would need to do more research on how the stakeholder of nurses and doctors involved are affected by doing following orders of hurting the lgbt+ individuals for their 'treatments'. The nurses are stakeholders because they have opinions on the horrifying therapy that they placed on another human being. [](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/28/gay-conversion-therapy-ruins-lives-lgbt-rights This article explains that conversion therapy hurts lgbt+ the most, however, it should affect the community as a whole.

    1. While!Pakistan!was!created!with!the!intention!of!equal!rights!for!all!citizens,!ZiaEulEHaq’s! militaryEcoup! and! subsequent! presidency! from! 1977E1988! shifted! the! track!by!changing!many!of!these!laws.!In!line!with!his!notorious!Islamization!process,!Zia!believed! in! his! own! version! of!‘true! Islam’! and! there! in! implemented! the! Hudood!Ordinance!in!1979,!enforcing!Qur’anic!punishments!in!their!literal!form.

      I would use this source by integrating the history of Pakistan and Pakistani women to better understand the reasons why Pakistan got to be where it is now, in terms of both women's and other citizens oppression throughout past years. Also, it shows how Islamic ideals and misinterpretations came to play such an important role as an underlying reason to inflict such harsh conditions on women. This piece selected from the article also gives evidence in supporting the author's original claim. It's stating how equal right was the original goal for Pakistan, however the shift in presidency form 1977-1988 played a substantial role in the islamization process. This reflects what the author was saying about women's oppression being a long time problem.

    2. From!1956!onwards,!women!were!allowed!the!right!to!vote!in!national!elections!and!were!allotted! a! number! of! seats! in! the!Parliament.3(I

      This demonstrates how there was attempts at progression in Pakistan when it comes to women's rights but it was never successful. It relates back to Rathore's claim because it shows that women's rights have been a problem for a long period of time and have continued to be a problem.

    3. The! 1950sE1970s! were! progressive! years! for! women’s! rights! in! Pakist

      The authors is claiming that Pakistani women still struggle with equal rights today just as they have for a mass amount of time.

    4. Women's Rights in Pakistan: The Zina Ordinance& the Need for Reform

      Rathore, Minah Ali, "Women's Rights in Pakistan: The Zina Ordinance & the Need for Reform" (2015).Center for Public PolicyAdministration Capstones.Paper 38

    1. That was the most eye-opening finding in a Pew Research Center study on science literacy undertaken in cooperation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and released in January. The survey represented a sample of 2,002 adult citizens and 3,748 scientists, all members of the AAAS.

      A company that has vested interest in making GMOs appear safe.

    2. Yes, there is a vigorous public discussion over GMOs. Yes, the thought of tinkering with our food in a lab—unaccountable scientists mixing steaming flasks—conjures up visions of soylent green and grotesque deformities. Let us acknowledge it; no one wants “technology” for dessert. The thought of GMO foods is not appetizing!

      The author really connects to the opposition here, voicing their concerns and somewhat agreeing with them.

    3. then tested the heck out of them for safety and allergenicity

      In all the previous articles I've read it has been stated that these GMOs are not required to be tested, so I would probably like to research this topic more so I could determine whether or not these products are tested for safety.

    4. You may have read, from anti-GMO websites or oh so reliable sources like Dr. Oz, or Jeffrey Smith’s Institute for Responsible Technology or Food Babe that the use of GMOs has unleashed a pesticide tsunami that is sweeping across the plains. Not

      The overtly sarcastic tone in this article is just obnoxious. With such a controversial topic I think it would be wise for the author to be a bit more serious.

    5. Introduced barely a decade ago, now upwards of 90 percent of Indian cotton is grown using Bt seeds

      While bragging that the crops have been introduced very recently and their benefits in such a short time the author is missing the very controversial point that these crops have not been tested for their long term effects.

    6. Among other nefarious tactics, anti-GMO activist posing as journalists have been telling farmer that their children could become paralyzed from eating Br brinjal.

      This statement seems overly defensive possibly turning away the author's intended audience. It also has improper grammar, further lessening the author's credibility.

    7. alled Bt, that is highly specific to pests but is nontoxic to birds, fish and humans. It is less toxic than table salt. It has been used safely in organic farming for nearly 100 years.

      I have trouble fathoming how something can kill insects but is completely harmless to humans, is is because of the dosage? I would like to do more research on this to see if this is possible.

    8. It is not owned or patented by major corporations. It is grown from public sector seeds, developed for distribution to resource-poor shareholder farmers.

      The author states this as if it is an important fact, whereas most GMOs are produced by a private sector.

    9. In fact, almost none of our foods that we eat today is the product of Nature’s way.

      Selecting genes to pronounce in food is different than taking genes from other organisms and inserting them into another organism. Author loses credibility here for presenting GMOs as selective breeding.

    10. GMO critics seem comfortable with that kind of genetic manipulation. But when it comes to inserting genes from one species into another, many people go “yuck,” claiming that it is “totally different” than conventional breeding.

      The author just led his readers to believe that the two were the same in the beginning of the article, yet now he states that they are different things. Again, losing credibility.

      The author's claim is that selective breeding and genetically modifying foods are essentially the same and we have been doing this for thousands of years, so GMOs must be safe.

    11. And that way you could avoid the ‘taint’ of eating food that might have come in contact with ‘dangerous’ GMOs

      The author already loses the interest of the audience they are trying to reach here by mocking them. The "they" the author is trying to persuade is probably cautious of genetically modified foods.

    1. There-fore, we wonder whether audience perceptions in other, perhaps more common,debate contexts (e.g., in courtrooms or during live political debates), where nonver-bal cues are present, though less salient, would produce similar audience responses.

      This article was written by John Seiter, Harold Kinzer and Harry Weger Jr. They write for Routledge about nonverbal background behavior in live debates. They made a study claiming how nonverbal background behaviors influence the audience and the credibility of the speaker. They used evidence from past debates, including John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon, watching the opponent not speaking doing gestures like shaking his head. Not only does opponents attacking each other verbally through a debate have an impact on the audience, this study shows that nonverbal behavior influences it, if not more. The audience knows that the opponent should not interrupt with the other person is talking, so they are coming up with a new strategy. They uses nonverbal behaviors to draw the attention of the audience to them rather the opponent speaking in that moment. The authors seem credible in how they did their research to do this study and how they conducted this study themselves rather than getting facts from the internet. There seems to be no bias in this article. Those who would disagree with this article would be the people who think that the only way to influence the audience is by how the candidate speaks on either an issue or talking about the other opponent negatively. This article would appeal to anyone interested in voting for the presidential debate. People tend to educate themselves on who they should vote for before they choose a preferred candidate, and articles like these will have them paying close attention to the candidates body language along with their verbal responses to figure out who they like better.

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. Stem cells are important tools for disease research and offer great potential for use in the clinic. Some adult stem cell sources are currently used for therapy, although they have limitations. The first clinical trials using cells made from embryonic stem cells are just beginning. Meanwhile, induced pluripotent stem cells are already of great use in research, but a lot of work is needed before they can be considered for use in the clinic. An additional avenue of current research is transdifferentiation – converting one type of specialised cell directly into another.

      The author of this article is not listed and is most likely a group of people. It was published by the EuroStemCell, an independent organization signed to, "help European citizens make sense of stem cells." Before I say anything Europe, especially the United Kingdom, has far less regulation of embryonic stem cell research compared to the United States. In the UK, as long as the research furthers human knowledge of how to treat disease and help people, then it is legal. That being said, there is a possibility that their research could be of higher value due to the little restrictions in their country compared to ours where it is very difficult to do research. I think that EuroStemCell is a fairly reliable source, however, they do not cite any of their sources which does hurt their credibility. This article talks about a lot of interesting and important things but the major part of the article I would like to talk about is the clinical uses of each type of stem cell. ESCs are just starting clinical trial after over 15 years of research on them and they are still in the very early stages of trials. They are thought to have the least amount of complications in clinical usage compared to iSPCs and umbilical cord iSPCs. What does this mean for iSPCs? It could mean that much more research needs to be done with them in order to be prepared for clinical trial. It is still unclear the exact clinical uses that they could have but among the ones listed in this article are patient specific treatments to decrease or eliminate the possibility of rejection. Overall, I think the article does a very nice job of outlining the progress made in stem cell research, especially in each field individually. It's important to remember, as I noted earlier, this source is not completely credible so it may not be completely accurate. EuroStemCell is obviously a stakeholder on the issue but we cannot assume their stance on the issue of embryonic research. The article does a fairly nice job of establishing ethos and making them as credible as they can be, however, they could easily make this article a more reliable source by adding citations or references. Questions I would have for this article would be where they obtained their information and what, exactly, they do as an organization and they fit into all of this.

      "Types of Stem Cells and Their Current Uses." EuroStemCell. EuroStemCell, 17 Aug. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.

      Outside Sources Used: "About Us | Europe's Stem Cell Hub | EuroStemCell." About Us | Europe's Stem Cell Hub | EuroStemCell. EuroStemCell, n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.

      Dhar, Deepali, and John Hsi-en Ho. "Stem Cell Research Policies around the World." The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. YJBM, Sept. 2009. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.

    1. If you know someone who’s lonely and you want to help, here are some of White’s suggestions:     Don’t text. Use the phone.     If you leave a message and don’t get a return call, call back.     Set up something low-key, like a walk. Keep the emotional temperature low.     Don’t diminish what the lonely person is going through.     Recognize that you may have to do more work to get the same level of response that you would get from another friend.

      Even if we do not experience loneliness or feel that we experience it we should still be made aware that it is a serious issue. We should be made aware on how to address those who are experiencing the pain of loneliness and how to help them heal.

    2. A therapist can help, especially if loneliness is accompanied by feelings of anxiety or depression. “Loneliness promotes secrecy and distrust,” says White. “If you find someone outside of your social circle…you can talk really openly.”

      Another great way to take action against loneliness by helping students feel comfortable and in an enviroment with no ties to their social life and being able to express openly to someone who has no idea of their persona around their friends or family.

    3. Feeling lonely is not the same as being alone. “For some people, even though they have what on the outside looks like a social world, their internal experience is loneliness,”

      This statement relates back to my other article when they talk about loneliness and knowing " the discrepancy between an individual’s desired and actual relation-ships (8) " It is not so much that being alone is bad it is distinguishing what is healthy for the personality type and what is unhealthy.

      chrome-extension://bjfhmglciegochdpefhhlphglcehbmek/content/web/viewer.html?file=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FLouise_Hawkley%2Fpublication%2F11351278_Loneliness_and_health_potential_mechanisms%2Flinks%2F0fcfd50ad2394d8996000000.pdf

    4. Second, understand what the loneliness is doing to your mind and body. “Unless you understand the psychological complexities of loneliness, you won’t understand what you’re doing,” says White.

      This is the second article that has talked about understanding what loneliness is but fails to talk about how we can implement resources for people to understand what it is.

    5. Alzheimer's Association International Conference in Washington, D.C., found that loneliness is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in older adults.

      This author establishes his credibility extremely well by naming credible sources that have done studies to back up these theories. It does more than relay the information, it tells the reader where the initial information for the statement comes from.

    6. Studies show that loneliness increases the risk for early death by 45 percent and the chance of developing dementia in later life by 64 percent.

      If loneliness is a leading cause for early death and dementia than there is a serious issue that needs to be addressed.

    7. The brain goes into a self-preservation state that brings with it a lot of unwanted effects.”

      When the brain goes into this state it is not something that we recognize. We can recognize when we get a cut or a bruise because we feel the pain that comes with them. But in this case it is internal not external which is not recognizable to the human body as physical pain until it leads to physical issues later in life. Another reason it needs recognition.

    8. the effects of social isolation or rejection are as real as thirst, hunger, or pain

      Another great analogy. Great use of something that everyone experiences to explain the effects of something not everyone experiences.

    9. New research suggests that loneliness and social isolation are as much a threat to your health as obesity.

      I like how they put a comparison in there to find a way to show an example that the reader may understand. It is much more clear to have something to base the severity off of.

  14. content.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu:2048 content.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu:2048
    1. Russia does not have a law that defines and criminalizes domestic violence. The Russian saying, “If he hits you, he loves you”

      It is scary to know that other countries handle assault differently and uses excuses for incidents like this.

    2. Despite all the online cover-age, most of the general public remains clueless; some 81 percent of Russians say they never heard anything about the hashtags or the controversy

      This controdicts the authors claim because even though a trending hashtag is going around about stopping hateful crimes such as assault, it is crucial to understand that the whole population does not have social media to be in the loop with this online movement.

    3. “If a man is raping a woman and she stabs him with a screwdriver, she’ll be criminally prosecuted because her life was not in dan-ger,

      This is something to further be investigated because most people, including myself, are not educated enough in the court system and what the legal consequences would be for either parties. One would think that if someone were to do something wrong like this, they would get the punishment that they deserve, but that is not always the case.

    4. The discussion has divided govern-ment and society alike, with some officials hosting free self-defense classes for women in Moscow parks, while others challenge women’s right to defend themselves

      It is important that "they" are aware of the consequences on both ends of the victim and the assaulter, and how to prevent an assault by attending the free self-defense classes for women.

    5. “I was eight,” wrote Anna, a friend of this editor, describing how she was raped by a relative and, frozen by fear, unable to resist. “I was 16, on a press tour,” wrote former Russian journalist Anastasia. “A drunken col-league kept breaking into my room all night, and the next day the whole group kept dis-cussing whether or not he managed to have sex with me, but for some reason I’m the one who was ashamed.”

      Although devastating, personalizing the article by including people who has first hand been assaulted helps the audience better understand the importance and urgent need to talk about this issue.

    6. encourages victims of domestic violence to seek help, to be swamped by incoming help-line phone calls.

      The new hashtag gains credibility to the topic as a whole, as well as the victims because it leads a virtual world who stands by other people who has also been assaulted themselves. It leaves them not feeling as alone.

    7. wearing revealing clothing or engag-ing in “inappropriate behavior,” Ukrainian activist Anastasia Melnychenko posted a list of incidents of harassment, assault and inappropriate behavior she has experienced as a woman

      It is hard to define "revealing clothing" or "inappropriate behavior" into one definition, because from the assaulter's standpoint, it could be more than one thing that triggered them to do what they decided to do. This is something for the audience to later explore with outside research to determine what triggers them to assault someone sexually without consent.

    1. a $278 million package which blasted off from Vandenberg air force base on Tuesday and promptly crashed into the Pacific.

      This source is a well known european news source as well as the journalist who wrote about it.

      The author claims that NASA is wasting money on failures along with being stuck on getting to Mars, a seemingly 1960's theme. He suggests that the space program eats up all this money rather than using it to help out earth here and now.

  15. Sep 2016
    1. Well, I really don't see why getting out of Giovanni's room means ' . I getting out of Paris."

      James Baldwin writes Hella in as a stupid woman in my opinion. I would like to think I would know something is up. Or maybe he writes her as smart, but not letting on that she knows. Because they both clearly slept with other people and they told eac hother, but to me it seems kind of obvious. Even if she doesn't know the whole truth I feel like she knows a little and is playing dumb. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8ADfS8WQmw

    2. Nobody can stay in the garden of Eden," Jacques said. And then: "I wonder why.''

      Getting at the idea that nobody is perfect in a way I believe. Or that even if someones life is perfect, and everyone views their life to be perfect and fulfilled, they're always going to want more. Also connects to later in the book when David is at "home" with Giovanni and that room is his Eden for while, but then his Eden becomes more of a cage where he has no freedom. Changing tones a little to David feeling trapped - this is how I view a lot of people in relationships. Weather or not he's gay/bisexual, I feel like a lot of people who aren't questioning their sexual identity can feel trapped. So maybe he is just bisexual and doesn't want the relationship because it's not working. But he ends up viewing it as his hell in the end. The opposite of Eden. As well as his trap in the "gay world."

    3. I remember when I was very young how, in the big living room of the house in San Francisco, my mother's photograph, which stood all by itself on the mantel-piece, seemed to rule the room.

      I think Baldwin is trying to break gender roles. Throughout the story, many of the men are seen as weak, like David’s dad being unable to be a good parent, and David being unable to control his feelings and desires. Then, many of the women have strong and empowered roles. David’s dead mother having control over the room by just being in a picture, David’s aunt by taking care of/managing David’s father’s life, and Hella by leaving David and knowing she deserves better. At the time the novel was written there were arguments starting in favor of women’s rights, and I think Baldwin wanted to incorporate that into the novel along with gay rights. The picture I added is an advertisement that is similar to those that women would have seen constantly in this time period, and it made me laugh because its so demeaning.

    4. He smiled, "Why, you will go home and then you'will find that home is not home anymore. Then you will really be in trouble. AB long as you stay here, you can always think: One day I will go home." He played with my thumb and grinned. ''N'est-ce pas?"

      I think home for David is in two places. First, it is in America because that is where he grew up and came from, and he references it as home many times. Second, I think home is in Giovanni’s room, because that’s where he really found himself even if he doesn’t like it. In many stories, mostly YA novels, home is a place where the character grows and then grows out of, and describes it as suffocating. In Giovanni’s room is wear he really embraced his sexuality, and then grows to hate it.

    5. And at last I step out into the morning and I lock the door be-hind me. I cross the road and drop the keys into the old lady's mailbox. And I look up the road, where a few people stand, men and women, waiting for the morning bus. They are very vivid be-neath the awakening sky, and the horizon beyond them is begin-ning to flame. The morning weighs on my shoulders with the dreadful weight of hope an4 I take the blue envelope which Jacques has sent me and tear it sl6wly into many pieces, watching them . .. . I dance in the wind, watchiμg the wind carry them away. Yet, as I turn and begin walking tovyard the waiting people, the wind blows some of them back on me. ]

      With his time in front of the mirror done, he leaves to the cold outside world, where he finds the details for Giovanni's executio n in his mailbox. Having left behind his thoughts on Giovanni and himself, he tears it into pieces and throws it into the wind. Ho wever, just like how his problems still remain, pieces of the letter blow back onto him.

      I've attached a picture that I believe illustrates the imagined scene of Giovanni's execution well.

      http://theappendix.net/images/issues/2/4/large-Edwards2.jpg

    6. Then the door is before him. There is darkness all around him, there is silence in him. Then the door opens and he stands alone, the whole world falling away from him. And the brief corner of the sky seems to be shrieking, though he does not hear a sound. Then the earth tilts, he is thrown forward on his face in darkness, and his journey begins. Giovanni's Room 169 I move at last from the mirror and begin to cover that nakedness which I must hold sacred, though it be never so vile, which must be scoured perpetually with the salt of my life. I must believe, I must believe, that the heavy grace of God, which has brought me to thi's place, is all that can carry me out of it.

      He wonders how he can be saved from his own fate a t the end of his life, as Giovanni is near execution himself. He concludes his mirror introspection with the hope that "...the hea vy grace of God, which has brought me to this place, is all that can carry me out of it". At the same time, he concludes his thoughts on Giovanni, relating his oncoming death to him being freed from "this dirty world, this dirty body"(earlier but I can't annotate two things at once disconnected).

    7. The body in the mirror forces me to turn and face it. And I look at my body, which is under senten~e of death. It is lean, hard, and cold, the incarnation of a mystery. And I do not know what moves in this body, what this body is searching. It is trapped in my mirror as it is trapped in time and it hurries toward revelation.

      In this passage depicting the somber and ambiguous ending of the story, we see David skipping between his imagined rendition of Gi ovanni's execution and his own thoughts on his fate. In a way, we see the thoughts of both Giovanni and David, from David's perspe ctive and imagination. This gets quite intriguing at parts where he says his own body is "...under sentence of death", all while t he played out scene of Giovanni's last moments is happening in his imagination.

    1. And that page didn’t have Adnan’s prints on it. His palm print was only on the back cover of the book. Plus, thirteen other, unidentified prints turned up on and in the map book. None of them matched Adnan, or Jay. So, the prints weren’t exactly conclusive

      Koenig is strategic about the way she points evidence at the things that are important, while still trying to be as unbiased as she can, because that is the rightful thing to do in any court case. The way she presents her research could be seen as not biased because she does pull other evidence into the overall story, not just evidence on Adnan, but sometimes the evidence shown isn't always thoroughly investigated all the way through. If there were 13 other fingerprints, they should have investigated those potential suspects, but rather, they pointed all the blame on adnan because he was already the number one suspect.

      http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/fingerprint-evidence-what-you-need-29818.html'

      This article supports my claim because it proves the relaliabilty of a fingerprint and the procedures needed to obtain a fingerprint test.

  16. Aug 2016
    1. Student Task

      Use the below sources: video, website, and essay to gather information on both of the Emancipation Proclamations. Once you have gathered information, read through each document once and then go back and annotate one part of each document. You should have two annotations when complete.

      Questions that can be answered with annotations:

      ●Which Republican goals were served by each paragraph?

      ● Why is the president authorized to do this?

      ● What should the President have replied to critics who warned him that this document would 1) anger the border states or southern unionists, and 2) undermine prosecution of the war?

      ●What differences are there in the two documents?

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05GVVw7008M&list=PLVggCKD8PzewikRabpcuKeW7ENokjpx-W&index=19

      Emancipation Proclamation 1863 (http://housedivided.dickinson.edu/)

      Emancipation Essay

    1. After I realized the extent to which men work from a base of unacknowledged privilege, I understoodthat much of their oppressiveness was unconscious. Then I remembered the frequent charges fromwomen of color that white women whom they encounter are oppressive. I began to understand why weare just seen as oppressive, even when we don't see ourselves that way

      This gives her the most credibility because she is taking personal experience to shed light on an issue that she does not directly experience herself. She is able to criticize her own identity and apply understanding and empathy to other identities.

    2. I think whites are carefully taught not to recognize white privilege, as males are taught not to recognizemale privilege.

      She is comparing white privilege to male privilege. This is justifying her identity and authority to write this essay. Though she may not identify as holding a marginalized ethnicity, she does identify with a marginalized gender. She is attempting to make this topic more accessible to herself and to many of the readers who could be women.

    3. I realized that, since hierarchies in oursociety are interlocking, there was most likely a phenomenon of while privilege that was similarlydenied and protected.

      Once again like the other articles there is recognition on interconnectedness between privilege and identity. The reason I chose this article is because of the personal testimony of white privilege. She is not denying or evading the fact that she holds a very prominent privilege.

    4. Peggy McIntosh is associate director of the Wellesley Collage Center for Research on Women. This essay is excerpted from WorkingPaper 189. "White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming To See Correspondences through Work in Women'sStudies" (1988), by Peggy McIntosh; available for $4.00 from the Wellesley College Center for Research on Women, Wellesley MA 02181The working paper contains a longer list of privileges. This excerpted essay is reprinted from the Winter 1990 issue of IndependentSchool.White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible KnapsackPeggy McIntosh

      Mcintosh, Peggy. "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack." White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences Through Work in Women Studies. 1988. Web. 8 Aug 2016.

  17. Jul 2016
    1. It's an exciting time at NASA as we reach for new heights to reveal the unknown and benefit humankind.

      The article ends by stating that NASA plans on continuing their research and projects. They end it on a hopeful note, and make the audience want to join them on their adventures. This article strikes me as a message to the nation that we need to continue to support NASA. They make the case that what they are doing is important and needs the backing of as many people as possible. The fact that they talk mainly about the exciting missions that they are working on, and not the more standard missions also in the works, supports this idea.

    2. We're studying Earth right now through current and future spacecraft helping answer critical challenges facing our planet: climate change, sea level rise, freshwater resources and extreme weather events

      There are other benefits to backing NASA, as they mention here. By demonstrating how what they are doing can help with environmental issues, more people may support their research. This may allow more of the audience to back them in the hopes of making our lives better in the immediate future.

    3. A new generation of U.S. commercial spacecraft and rockets are supplying cargo to the space station and soon launch astronauts once again from U.S. soil, allowing NASA to focus on building new capabilities for deep space exploration. As a blueprint for international cooperation, the space station enables a U.S.-led multinational partnership and advances shared goals in space exploration.

      NASA then explains that they are taking the steps they can in order to help out with issues people have had with them. They are working with private companies and other nations in order to bolster resources. The underlying message is that by teaming up with othe groups, they will not need as much money to reach their goals.

    4. The space station's microgravity environment makes research possible that can't be achieved on Earth, leading to breakthroughs in understanding Earth, space and physical and biological sciences.

      The article then explains why we do not have the exciting missions currently that we like to think of when space exploration comes up. We currently do not know enough to send astronauts off to other places safely. In order to get there, NASA needs to to more research as to just how to get there, and how to handle the many different types of situations that might arise. I think NASA is essentially telling people to be patient with them, and that what they are doing now may seem unimportant, but that it is necessary in order to take the next step.

    5. NASA is designing and building capabilities to send humans farther into the solar system than ever before, including to an asteroid and Mars.

      The first goal of NASA is indicated as the type of mission that most people think about when they think space exploration; astronauts going to far off places. This will keep the audiences attention, as it is the hook for the article.

    6. What's Next For NASA?

      "What's Next for NASA?"NASA. 3 Sept. 2013. Web. 10 July. 2016

      This article is from NASA itself, detailing their ongoing and future plans for their projects. This has been written not only to keep the audience informed of what is happening and where their money is going, but also to pitch ideas that may get them more support for their endeavors. Although it is a government agency, NASA sometimes need to act like a business. One thing businesses need to do to gain investors is to pitch their ideas. For this reason, the article was written. It could be argued either way whether or not this is a credible source. I think its credible, but not scholarly. It comes from NASA and is being edited regularly by NASA administrators. These are experts in the field, which means the people should be believed. However, there are no outside sources or information being used. It is strictly stating plans for the agency's future.

  18. May 2016
      1. What does "historicity" and "racial epidermal schema" mean?

      According to World Encyclopedia,"historicity" is the historical actuality of people and events, the quality of being a part of history opposed to being a historical myth, legend, or fiction. It's focused on the truth values of knowledge claims about the past".

      "Racial epidermal schema is the immediately manifest intelligibility of blackness or showing up as such." (Academia 2)

      1. What does "Black-Blanc-Beur" mean?

      "Black-Blanc-Beur is an expression in French that became popular in the 1990s. It refers to multi-ethnic France. Beur is a term to refer to French children of immigrants of North African ancestry." (Ambafrance 1)

  19. Mar 2016
    1. If that happens many of the planet’s sea creatures would be unable to reproduce, find food, or escape predators and that’s bad news for the world’s commercial fishing industry and for recreational fishing as well,

      Annother possible inquiry question: While this may be bad news for the world's commercial fishing industry and recreational fishing, what about for the ecosystem as a whole? Or even through a smaller lens, what about the organisms living in a toxic environment that they have no control over?

      This also sheds some light on the view of fishermen and how the pollution of the ocean is directly affecting themas well.

    2. The scientists studied seawater collected during the last 30 years and analyzed carbon dioxide concentrations with a mathematical algorithm.

      This increases the credibility of the author by discussing a scientific study.

      What information was found by this study? How is it beneficial to the authors claim?

    3. By offering a $3,500 top prize, scientists at Thinkable.org are hoping to entice other researchers to beat their approach and improve our understanding of hypercapnia, the drunken fish phenomena.

      Another possible inquiry question to be asked here could be: Although the incentive of a monetary reward is appetizing, why is it necessary for there to be a tangible reward present when an entire ecosystem is at risk of extinction because of our own wrong doing?

      Shouldn't we be morally obligated to take care of the ecosystems that surround us and play a major role for life on planet earth?

    4. The drunk fish phenomenon has the possibility of affecting not just saltwater fish, but also coral reefs, ocean mammals, and entire marine ecosystems.

      A possible inquiry question to be asked here could be: If we continue to litter and pollute the oceans, how will the rest of the ecosystem be affected by the loss of these systems?

    5. A study published in Nature reports that increased carbon dioxide levels caused by climate change could make the planet’s fish drunk as a skunk and unable to operate normally.

      "Rising Ocean Pollution Levels Are Making Fish Drunk." The Inquisitr News. Web. 11 Mar. 2016.

      This is a popular source, therefore we can expect an informal approach to gain audience attention. The claim of this article is that the increase in carbon dioxide levels in the ocean due to climate change is negatively affecting that fish that live in these marine environments and giving them a drunken affect.

    1. Such research has been conducted because rape victims are often viewed as partially responsible and to blame for the crime of rape (e.g., Calhoun, Selby, & Warring, 1976; Cameron & Stritzke, 2003; Donnerstein & Berkowitz, 1981; Muehlenhard, 1988; Muehlenhard & Rodgers, 1993). Moreover, rape is a crime that is frequently minimized—that is, it is perceived by others as non-serious (e.g., perceptions of only minimal or no

      The authors show that the reader can trust them right away by giving examples of their more direct claim which is that many victims are blamed especially if they are rape victims.

    2. THIS MANUSCRIPT IS IN PRESS IN THE JOURNALVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

      " Violence Against Women ". Vaw.sagepub.com. N. p., 2016. Web. 11 Mar. 2016.

      "Violence Against Women (VAW) peer-reviewed and published monthly, is an international, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to the publication of research and information on all aspects of the problem of violence against women. VAW assumes a broad definition of violence; topics to be covered include, but are not limited to, domestic violence, sexual assault, incest, sexual harassment, female infantcide, female circumcision, and female sexual slavery."

    3. The Influence of Rape Myth Consistent Information on Gender Differences in Rape Victim Perceptions

      Hockett, Jericho M., et al. "Rape Myth Consistency And Gender Differences In Perceiving Rape Victims." Violence Against Women 22.2 (2016): 139-167. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Mar. 2016.

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. Climate scientists, meanwhile, know that heat must still be building up somewhere in the climate system, but they have struggled to explain where it is going, if not into the atmosphere.

      This is how I would use this source in my Twine Essay. By showing that scientists are proving the reasons for the rise in intense oceanic temperatures, I can give validity to the concept of climate change, Additionally, I think that it would be interesting in looking at further research to see if we could predict future events or help stop the dramatic effects of them.

    1. As such, they are a critical tool at adaptation planners' disposal for tackling the threats that climate change poses to peoples' lives and livelihoods.

      This is the targeted group of stakeholders. People whose lives have been or will be affected by climate change.

    2. As climate change increasingly threatens lives and livelihoods, maximizing adaptation opportunities will minimize its potentially catastrophic effects.

      This is how I see me using this reference in my Twine Essay. If I could show people potential actions they could take or that our nation could take to help climate change maybe it will cause them to try and make more of an effort.

    3. Focus now must turn to establishing funding priorities for the Green Climate Fund, which will strongly influence the lending patterns of multilateral agencies and help guide national adaptation policies and planning.

      I would be interested in looking into this and seeing how successful it is.

    4. Furthermore, hard-engineering interventions can have negative and unforeseen impacts on surrounding human and natural systems

      Again, another issue with the EbA approach. If we are trying to help the environment now, we also want to ensure that the future environment will be safe no matter what we use on it now to help fix it. We want to help fix and support the environment, not just temporarily deal with the issue at hand.

    5. Many hard adaptation approaches are essentially permanent and inflexible — a key drawback in some settings. A hard structure can be mismatched to future climatic conditions, either because it was designed based on an assumption that natural systems such as rivers fluctuate within an unchanging envelope of variability30 or because projections of future climatic conditions turn out to be inaccurate31

      This is setback against EbA. If it is not flexible enough to address future issues rather than just the ones human face now that could be a potential problem. It will cost time and money. Hopefully, research will continue to be done to help address this issue.

    6. EbA frequently provide economic, social and environmental co-benefits in the form of both marketable (for example, livestock and fish production) and non-marketable (for example, cultural preservation and biodiversity maintenance) ecosystem goods and services

      I like that the authors make the point that this EbA approach not only helps individuals with the physical effects of climate change, but it will also help will providing economic, social, and environmental effects as well. This could potentially better a nation because it doesn't just address climate change, but it fixes all of the problems associated with it.

    7. Ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation (EbA) harness the capacity of nature to buffer human communities against the adverse impacts of climate change through the sustainable delivery of ecosystem services.

      The authors bring up this idea of ecosystem-based approaches that consist of combing both soft and hard approaches. Ultimately, the result will consist of a broad scope that will use natural infrastructure to provide adaptation services. This approach is valuable because it is effective while at the same time flexible, cost-effective, and seen at a national and international levels.

    8. Adaptation to climate change can incorporate a range of potential actions. Although no single established typology of adaptation actions exists, they can be loosely categorized into 'soft' and 'hard' approaches5.

      Here is what "they" are saying. The authors are stating that there is funding that has been created to help with the effects of climate change on individuals throughout the world. This money; however, needs to be divided into groups such as soft and hard approaches. The soft approaches as stated in the journal, will focus on "information, policy, capacity building, and institutional function." The hard approaches, on the other hand, will focus on technology and actions that will be taken to physically control and/or help the effects of climate change.

    9. Holly P. Jones,1, David G. Hole2, & Erika S. Zavaleta

      Not much was available about the professional lives of each author, but I was able to determine that each author published on the Nature Climate Change website is a PhD- level scientist. Additionally, all work is reviewed by an 'External Advisory Panel in the areas of social sciences, policy and economics to provide advice on submissions in these areas in the initial few months." Therefore, I find this publication to be written by credible sources.

      http://www.nature.com/nclimate/authors/gta/index.html

      Furthermore, The Website, Nature Climate Change, mission statement states they are, "dedicated to publishing the most significant and cutting-edge research on the science of climate change, its impacts and wider implications for the economy, society and policy." The journal reports on a wide range of scientific topics and only published original interdisciplinary work.

      http://www.nature.com/nclimate/about/index.html

    10. Harnessing nature to help people adapt to climate change

      Jones, Holly P., David G. Hole, and Erika S. Zavaleta. "Harnessing Nature to Help People Adapt to Climate Change." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, 26 June 2012. Web. 09 Mar. 2016.

      The claim in this article by the authors is that people need to learn about the tools and/or steps they can take to help them tackle the threats that climate change causes to people, their lives, and livelihood.

    1. As patterns of wolf density, prey density, weather, and vulnerability of prey change, in comparison with the conditions of the study period described here, we predict that there will also be significant changes in wolf predation patterns and feeding behavior.

      Possible prediction to different wolf behavior and population due to predation patterns changing.

    2. increased variety in diet compared with observed winter diets, including other ungulate species, rodents, and vegetation

      They do not only target one species of prey to feed. They have a distribution between their choice. Ethos and logos.

    3. therefore kill primarily calves, old cows, and bulls that have been weakened by winter

      Shows that wolves do not kill everything. They kill to eat and they kill the weaker for a reason. Gives hint to pathos and ethos to gain less hostility to wolves.

    4. Patterns of prey selection and kill rates in winter have varied seasonally each year from 1995 to 2004 and changed in recent years as the wolf population has become established

      This can be used with the other articles as a logos and ethos perspective and give credibility to the evidence presented by other articles.

    5. Foraging and feeding ecology of the gray wolf (Canis lupus): lessons from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.

      Stahler, DR, DW Smith, and DS Guernsey. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, July 2006. Web. 07 Mar. 2016.

    6. Foraging and feeding ecology of the gray wolf (Canis lupus): lessons from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.

      This is the claim for this article. Showing a scientific approach to wolf behavior. This is a scholarly reliable source.

    1. But the losses and damage extend beyond killed animals. Wolves affect ranchers’ profit even if they never kill a calf. The bigger losses of disrupted grazing, lower pregnancy rates and weight loss are harder to measure than dead calves. Wolves also destroy peace of mind.

      So the opposition (the wolf lovers) may not understand that livestock are very fickle and complicated creatures. You can't just buy some cows and start a heard, its hard work and work that needs constant re-evaluation. A cow might survive a wolf encounter but the stress associated with that could make her barren for a time. Stress also makes bovine lose weight which is bad when you get paid by the pound.

      I think people go to the store or to MacDonalds and there's your beef. They don'y think about where and how that meat gets there. I mean come on there are people that honestly believe the meat is somehow magically made at the store.

    2. When you lose an animal to causes other than wolf predation, you usually find the carcass; wolves may not leave anything at all. “It’s like the animal evaporated. We get paid for confirmed kills, but not the ones that disappear or we find too late to determine cause of death,” Whittaker explains. Bruce Mulkey of Baker, ID, says wolf proponents on a panel discussion at Idaho State University last year claimed wolves were responsible for only 1% of livestock losses, and ranchers lose more calves to disease and other problems.

      The reason the statistics are so low is explained here. But even if you take the 1% number, their are almost 5 million cattle in Idaho and Montana, that is still 50,000 head of cattle killed (http://beef2live.com/story-cattle-inventory-vs-human-population-state-0-114255). And that is just cattle, not all other livestock and pets.

      This also shows what the opposition base everything off of, just numbers and hearsay. The author is obviously from a ranch back ground with the niche words she uses but she does report both sides. That is good to get rid of the stubborn farmer stereotype.

    3. but the wolves apparently didn’t read the fine print.

      The audience is definitely not the sierra club and its members but I believe it's anyone who has grown up in the rural West where you do still have predators. People who have grown up and raised any kind of feed animal or even pets, like dogs. In the city your pet goes missing... its either adopted by someone else, at the pound or hit by a vehicle. In the country when they go missing it's either a predator or a highway. So anyone who grew up in the rural West should be interested in this. We are the ones that have to deal with this disaster while the courts and organizations in the East, so far removed, keep these oppressions on the hard working ranches and farmers that feed them. I am certainly the audience here but I have much more of an elevated tone then the article.

    4. In central/eastern Idaho, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) released Canadian gray wolves in 1995. Theoretically, the wolves were supposed to stay in the backcountry and eat elk, but the wolves apparently didn’t read the fine print.

      Claim: Human involvement placed wolves in a small area but wolves are wolves and go where the want when they want and have the know how and stamina to do so. We humans like to think we can tweek nature to our foreseen outcome, but we are idiots. Nature solves itself one way or another. This wolf debacle is a fantastic example of how human involvement just creates more chaos. First off they forgot that there are multiple species of wolves and placed the big bad Canadian version in our back yard, the ones that are built to cover hundreds of miles a day and are bigger and hungrier then the small local population (which has now been killed of driven out by these new wolves). Whoops, now they are everywhere and livestock are being killed on a scale 5% more then usual and those beloved Elk and Deer that everyone loves to watch from their cars on the side of the highway, they are disappearing too.<br> This claim of the author may come of as sarcastic but it carries meaning if you understand that people in a totally different area and culture decide what to do with the land others have pioneered and fought out a living on.

    5. Western Ranchers Fight The Curse Of Introduced Wolves

      This web source is all about farm and ranch. Everything from markets to laws to alerts. Wolves are an important thing to this website and it's users. Its easy to say they could be bias towards anything ranch and against wolves, but this article was very factual and pretty objective considering the forum.

    6. Ranchers have been told that wolves are shy and stay away from people.

      More excellent research most likely carried out from behind a desk somewhere or at least skewed to cover what wolves really are, very curious and quick learning animals. Just because you don't see that wolf anymore doesn't mean its gone.

    1. The final sample size included 2,364respondents, who were selected and interviewed using a multistage probabilistic survey design.

      The total population in Brazil was recorded at 204.5 million people in 2015. In my opinion, the whole number of people for the survey is too small to generalize as the most of nations’ views. The survey reflect only one out of hundred-thousandth of the entire population of Brazil.

    2. Our study of religion and abortion attitudes in Brazil utilizes data from the Brazilian SocialResearch Survey (BSRS).2The BSRS is a nationally representative survey of the Brazilian adultpopulation age 18 years and older that was administered in 2002 with the objective to explorepublic attitudes and values on a range of social issues.

      The research depends on the authority of the Brazilian Social Research Survey (BSRS) to gain credibility from the audience.

    3. Given these considerations, the purpose of our study is toexamine the association between religion and abortion issues in Brazil with regard to the practiceof abortion and abortion policy.

      The authors state why they write this scholar journal. It has a scholarly significance to perform the first research which explores the association between religion and abortion attitudes among the Brazilian population.

    4. The Catholic Church’s pro-family discourse and oppositionto abortion is well documented, yet there has not been a systematic investigation of sentimentsabout the practice and policy preferences concerning its legalization among the Catholic laity.

      Although Catholic Church’s official dictum is strongly against abortion, the authors suggest that the Catholic laity’s opinion may different from it. It can lead the further research.

    5. Research has yet to examine the role of religious factors on abortion attitudes in Brazil.

      The authors present a hypothesis that role of religious factors is related to the abortion attitude in Brazil. There are no published research that reveals the link between religion and public policy in Brazil up to now. Therefore, the authors give the United States’ research result to gain credibility from the audience. However, Brazil has different socioeconomic situation such as the per capita national income, gross domestic product (GDP), or a political posture from the U.S. In my opinion, the authors committee the logical fallacy. It is nonsense to apply the study in Brazil which has different circumstances from the U.S.

    6. The official doctrinal position that abortion is a grave sin is widely disseminated,and under the direct influence of the Vatican and guided by the belief that the “right to life beginsat conception,” the Catholic Church in Brazil has consistently demonstrated opposition to thelegalization of abortion and has propagated this view in a clear manner among its followers.

      Catholic leaders still cling to their position strictly that no abortion or contraception for Zika virus.

    7. Consequently, the push to legalizeabortion, at the same time garnering opposition from religious groups, has also become a salientissue for international women’s rights movements and health organizations (Correa 2010).

      This sentence regards Brazil as one of the country which has a great influence of religion. Every policy should consider religious groups’ opinions.

    8. A recent groundbreaking study, however, us-ing a ballot box technique to ensure complete anonymity for respondents, found that more thanone-fifth of Brazilian women living in urban areas had received at least one abortion by the endof reproductive age (Diniz and Medeiros 2010).

      These statistics is shocking that 25% of Brazilian women had received at least one abortion. The unproven process of illegal abortion can potentially make a negative effect on female health outcome. The situation will be exacerbated due to Zika virus. The Brazil government should prepare several measures before it is too late.

    9. collecting accurate estimates of its actual incidence has been a challenging exercisefor researchers

      It shows that Brazil has hostile condition to get an accurate rate about receiving illegal abortion because the women who report abortions receive the fear of social and legal sanctions.

    10. Since 1940, abortion has been illegal in Brazil, except in cases of rape or when the woman’slife is at risk. Despite legislative efforts to liberalize the law, especially from feminist organiza-tions, the current law has not changed significantly since becoming a statute (Correa 2010; Rocha2006).

      Historically, the abortion have been prohibited for 76 years in Brazil. The citizens have already recognized that abortion is illegal and they accept the reality and adapt themselves. That is why it is hard to change the abortion law although unsafe illegal abortions in Brazil are widespread and pose a significant health risk for women. However, Zika virus outbreak has prompted quite a commotion in public, so it may affect to revise the abortion law completely.

    11. During theinterim period between the first and second round of elections, the public opposition expressedby the Catholic Church and evangelical groups over Rousseff’s position on abortion promptedher to change her position and draft a letter promising not to change the abortion law if she wereelected president.

      Dilma Rousseff is the first female elected president in Brazil. Although she was heavily popular with the public, she faced tough competition due to her position on favoring the legalization of abortion. This episode illustrates that the abortion is not only women’s rights problems but also a divisive cultural issue with moral and religious dimensions.

    12. The most recent presidential election in Brazil, in November 2010, was marked by a con-tentious public debate over the practice of abortion and the future of abortion policy in thecountry (see Correa 2010).

      The audience can foresee the situation that a discussion on abortion and its policy in Brazil will be heated by a dramatic rise of Zika virus.

    13. This study examines the association between religion and attitudes toward the practice of abortion and abortionpolicy in Brazil.

      The authors formulate a hypothesis that Pentecostals and Catholics tends to the strongest opposition against the practice of abortion and its legalization.

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  20. Dec 2015
    1. common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities

      Malaysia, for the LMDCs, stressed the need to “recognize that the principles of equity and CBDR must be preserved in all their facets and forms.” He urged parties to look at the best available social science to assess modern realities and stressed that civil society must have access to negotiations.

    2. Emphasizing the need to respond to the urgent threat of climate change on the basis of the [best available] [reliable] scientific knowledge, in particular, the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,

      Saudi Arabia, for the ARAB GROUP, emphasized that setting a goal for governments’ efforts “needs to be substantiated by proven science,” provided by the IPCC.