9 Matching Annotations
  1. Apr 2026
    1. Urgent treatment for neoplasm consists of (1) cautious use of intravenous diuretics and (2) mediastinal irradiation, starting within 24 hours, with a treatment plan designed to give a high daily dose of radiation but a short total course of therapy to rapidly shrink the local tumor. Intensive radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy will palliate the process in up to 90% of patients. In patients with a subacute presentation, radiation therapy alone usually suffices. Chemotherapy is added if lymphoma or small-cell carcinoma is diagnosed

      endovascular stenting emerging as first-line therapy for rapid symptom relief, while definitive treatment targets the underlying cause

      Glucocorticoids (dexamethasone 4 mg every 6 hours) are commonly prescribed but lack robust supporting data; they may be more beneficial in lymphoma or thymoma and as prophylaxis against radiation-induced edema. [2-4] Importantly, SVC syndrome is no longer considered a medical emergency except in rare cases with life-threatening cerebral edema, laryngeal edema, or altered mental status. When thrombosis is present, catheter-directed thrombolysis or aspiration thrombectomy should be performed within 2-5 days of symptom onset before thrombus organization occurs. [3] The role of long-term anticoagulation after stenting remains unclear, though it is standard when significant thrombosis is present The American College of Chest Physicians recommends obtaining histologic diagnosis before treatment in suspected lung cancer cases, as stenting does not interfere with tissue diagnosis. [2] For small cell lung cancer (SCLC), chemotherapy alone is recommended as first-line treatment given rapid response rates. [2] For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), radiation therapy and/or stent insertion are recommended, with response rates of 59% for chemotherapy and 63% for radiation therapy. [2] Patients with chemotherapy- or radiation-refractory disease should receive vascular stents For device-related thrombosis (catheters, pacemakers), catheter removal should be considered in conjunction with anticoagulation. [4] Endovascular therapy is first-line for device-related obstruction, while surgical bypass may be preferred for mediastinal fibrosis. [7] Both approaches show good mid-term patency, though secondary interventions are common (approximately 27-28%

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  2. Feb 2025
    1. El interactivo 5, a continuación, presenta un generador de textos que entremezcla las palabras de distintos autores que, cada uno a su manera, han reflexionado sobre el humanismo en América Latina: Manuel Quintín Lame, Domingo Sarmiento, Leopoldo Zea, Oswald de Andrade y José Vasconcelos. Usando un sistema de cadenas de Markov, comúnmente aplicado en obras de literatura electrónica, este generador remezcla distintos textos y crea una amalgama que brinca entre los términos usados en ellos:

      De nuevo, un sesgo de género, en el material publicado/seleccionado.

      Interesante experimento de humanidades digitales en pequeño.

    2. situar y entender los textos en el mundo humano construido en estos procesos básicos nos devuelve a la disciplina humanística de la hermenéutica, de la que las humanidades digitales son una encarnación tecnológica"78

      Y sin embargo, este bonito propósito, es ortogonal al tamaño de las bases de datos. Otras hermenéuticas computacionales podrían ocurrir y de hecho ocurren, en lo pequeño.

  3. Sep 2021
  4. Aug 2020
  5. Jul 2020
  6. Sep 2017
    1. ask people to list those in their social circles who have intervened in abusive situations, people they have talked to about bystander intervention, or people whose opinion on intervening is important to them.

      What would be the links between these people? If you asked someone to list their friends, you will get lists which produce a star network. There needs to be a second round of questions involving friends of friends. Getting network data requires asking interrelated people.

  7. Sep 2016
    1. The importance of models may need to be underscored in this age of “big data” and “data mining”. Data, no matter how big, can only tell you what happened in the past. Unless you’re a historian, you actually care about the future — what will happen, what could happen, what would happen if you did this or that. Exploring these questions will always require models. Let’s get over “big data” — it’s time for “big modeling”.
  8. Jul 2016
    1. p. 100

      Data are not useful in and of themselves. They only have utility if meaning and value can be extracted from them. In other words, it is what is done with data that is important, not simply that they are generated. The whole of science is based on realising meaning and value from data. Making sense of scaled small data and big data poses new challenges. In the case of scaled small data, the challenge is linking together varied datasets to gain new insights and opening up the data to new analytical approaches being used in big data. With respect to big data, the challenge is coping with its abundance and exhaustivity (including sizeable amounts of data with low utility and value), timeliness and dynamism, messiness and uncertainty, high relationality, semi-structured or unstructured nature, and the fact that much of big data is generated with no specific question in mind or is a by-product of another activity. Indeed, until recently, data analysis techniques have primarily been designed to extract insights from scarce, static, clean and poorly relational datasets, scientifically sampled and adhering to strict assumptions (such as independence, stationarity, and normality), and generated and alanysed with a specific question in mind.

      Good discussion of the different approaches allowed/required by small v. big data.