High-level view of the 3 different types of heterogeneity (clinical, methodological, statistical). I used these definitions as the basis for some Anki cards

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A great quote, but this is likely a nebulous statement to those with out the experience of practice. Definitely worth expanding on this idea to give it more detail.

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How does transforming a pure plasmid (miniprep) produce a mixed population?

• Is a single colony on the transformation plate not really clonal due to evolution occurring in growth from the single founder cell?
• And also the outgrowth steo prior to plating is introducing additional variation that differentiates different colonies
• Hence adding these two statements together, picking 3 colonies from a plate streaked from a glycerol stock (derived from a clonal population) has lower variability than 3 colonies picked from a fresh transformation?

Does this make any suggestion of using one or the other method for generating independent biological replicates?