129 Matching Annotations
  1. Jul 2024
  2. Feb 2024
    1. I major in English literature in University I major in interpreting you went to gr for my master degree I think more than 100 people applied and eight students were admit how many people finally passed the final exam two two two wow

      中間這位受訪的台灣人,父母在她英文學習上下重本投資,從小讀雙語幼稚園,課後上雙語補習班,中學上雙語私校,大學唸英語系,研究所唸了師大口譯所,錄取八名口譯組學生,最後專業考試還是唯一考過的兩人之一。從這些事實看來,她的英語應當可謂萬中選一,可是爲什麼英語發音還是有問題?

      我發現,評斷英語發音好壞,其實有一個巧妙的方法:讓AI機器語音識別轉寫文字,看文字是什麼。很多時候,雖有稍微的口音,機器仍然辨認正確,產出的英文是正確的。但當一個字的發音偏誤到更像另一個字時,機器就毫不客氣,產生另一個字了。發現語音辨識常有這種「誤植另一字」問題是,就表示英語發音有問題。

      AI機器輔助偵測辨識英語發音問題法,前提當然是,文字不能再經人工校正,必須是原始的結果。例如,本影片有兩個英文字幕,一個是後製在螢幕上的那個,那是人工校正過的,一個是YouTube自動生產的(也可透過Hypothesis顯示),我們要看的是後者。這個機器字幕在前4分鐘的內容中,指出她英語發音上至少兩個錯誤,不知各位有沒有光從聽就能察覺到?

  3. Jan 2024
    1. Schwa[edit] When phonetically realised, schwa (/ə/), also called e caduc ('dropped e') and e muet ('mute e'), is a mid-central vowel with some rounding.[22] Many authors consider its value to be [œ],[37][38] while Geoff Lindsey suggests [ɵ].[39][40] Fagyal, Kibbee & Jenkins (2006) state, more specifically, that it merges with /ø/ before high vowels and glides: netteté /nɛtəte/ → [nɛ.tø.te] ('clarity'), atelier /atəlje/ → [a.tø.lje] ('workshop'), in phrase-final stressed position: dis-le ! /di lə/ → [di.ˈlø] ('say it'), and that it merges with /œ/ elsewhere.[41] However, some speakers make a clear distinction, and it exhibits special phonological behavior that warrants considering it a distinct phoneme. Furthermore, the merger occurs mainly in the French of France; in Quebec, /ø/ and /ə/ are still distinguished.[42] The main characteristic of French schwa is its "instability": the fact that under certain conditions it has no phonetic realization. That is usually the case when it follows a single consonant in a medial syllable: appeler /apəle/ → [ap.le] ('to call'), It is occasionally mute in word-final position: porte /pɔʁtə/ → [pɔʁt] ('door'). Word-final schwas are optionally pronounced if preceded by two or more consonants and followed by a consonant-initial word: une porte fermée /yn(ə) pɔʁt(ə) fɛʁme/ → [yn.pɔʁ.t(ə).fɛʁ.me] ('a closed door'). In the future and conditional forms of -er verbs, however, the schwa is sometimes deleted even after two consonants[citation needed]: tu garderais /ty ɡaʁdəʁɛ/ → [ty.ɡaʁ.d(ə.)ʁɛ] ('you would guard'), nous brusquerons [les choses] /nu bʁyskəʁɔ̃/ → [nu.bʁys.k(ə.)ʁɔ̃] ('we will precipitate [things]'). On the other hand, it is pronounced word-internally when it follows more pronounced consonants that cannot be combined into a complex onset with the initial consonants of the next syllable: gredin /ɡʁədɛ̃/ → [ɡʁə.dɛ̃] ('scoundrel'), sept petits /sɛt pəti/ → [sɛt.pə.ti] ('seven little ones').[43] In French versification, word-final schwa is always elided before another vowel and at the ends of verses. It is pronounced before a following consonant-initial word.[44] For example, une grande femme fut ici, [yn ɡʁɑ̃d fam fy.t‿i.si] in ordinary speech, would in verse be pronounced [y.nə ɡʁɑ̃.də fa.mə fy.t‿i.si], with the /ə/ enunciated at the end of each word. Schwa cannot normally be realised as a front vowel ([œ]) in closed syllables. In such contexts in inflectional and derivational morphology, schwa usually alternates with the front vowel /ɛ/: harceler /aʁsəle/ → [aʁ.sœ.le] ('to harass'), with il harcèle /il aʁsɛl/ → [i.laʁ.sɛl] ('[he] harasses').[45] A three-way alternation can be observed, in a few cases, for a number of speakers: appeler /apəle/ → [ap.le] ('to call'), j'appelle /ʒ‿apɛl/ → [ʒa.pɛl] ('I call'), appellation /apelasjɔ̃/ → [a.pe.la.sjɔ̃] ('brand'), which can also be pronounced [a.pɛ.la.sjɔ̃].[46] Instances of orthographic ⟨e⟩ that do not exhibit the behaviour described above may be better analysed as corresponding to the stable, full vowel /œ/. The enclitic pronoun le, for example, always keeps its vowel in contexts like donnez-le-moi /dɔne lə mwa/ → [dɔ.ne.lœ.mwa] ('give it to me') for which schwa deletion would normally apply (giving *[dɔ.nɛl.mwa]), and it counts as a full syllable for the determination of stress. Cases of word-internal stable ⟨e⟩ are more subject to variation among speakers, but, for example, un rebelle /œ̃ ʁəbɛl/ ('a rebel') must be pronounced with a full vowel in contrast to un rebond /œ̃ ʁəbɔ̃/ → or [œ̃ʁ.bɔ̃] ('a bounce').[47]

      Schwa 撲朔迷離的音,很煩!

      When phonetically realised, schwa (/ə/), also called e caduc ('dropped e') and e muet ('mute e'), is a mid-central vowel with some rounding.[22] Many authors consider its value to be [œ],[37][38] while Geoff Lindsey suggests [ɵ].[39][40] Fagyal, Kibbee & Jenkins (2006) state, more specifically, that it merges with /ø/ before high vowels and glides:

      netteté /nɛtəte/ → [nɛ.tø.te] ('clarity'), atelier /atəlje/ → [a.tø.lje] ('workshop'), in phrase-final stressed position:

      dis-le ! /di lə/ → [di.ˈlø] ('say it'), and that it merges with /œ/ elsewhere.[41] However, some speakers make a clear distinction, and it exhibits special phonological behavior that warrants considering it a distinct phoneme. Furthermore, the merger occurs mainly in the French of France; in Quebec, /ø/ and /ə/ are still distinguished.[42]

      The main characteristic of French schwa is its "instability": the fact that under certain conditions it has no phonetic realization.

      That is usually the case when it follows a single consonant in a medial syllable: appeler /apəle/ → [ap.le] ('to call'), It is occasionally mute in word-final position: porte /pɔʁtə/ → [pɔʁt] ('door'). Word-final schwas are optionally pronounced if preceded by two or more consonants and followed by a consonant-initial word: une porte fermée /yn(ə) pɔʁt(ə) fɛʁme/ → [yn.pɔʁ.t(ə).fɛʁ.me] ('a closed door'). In the future and conditional forms of -er verbs, however, the schwa is sometimes deleted even after two consonants[citation needed]: tu garderais /ty ɡaʁdəʁɛ/ → [ty.ɡaʁ.d(ə.)ʁɛ] ('you would guard'), nous brusquerons [les choses] /nu bʁyskəʁɔ̃/ → [nu.bʁys.k(ə.)ʁɔ̃] ('we will precipitate [things]'). On the other hand, it is pronounced word-internally when it follows more pronounced consonants that cannot be combined into a complex onset with the initial consonants of the next syllable: gredin /ɡʁədɛ̃/ → [ɡʁə.dɛ̃] ('scoundrel'), sept petits /sɛt pəti/ → [sɛt.pə.ti] ('seven little ones').[43] In French versification, word-final schwa is always elided before another vowel and at the ends of verses. It is pronounced before a following consonant-initial word.[44] For example, une grande femme fut ici, [yn ɡʁɑ̃d fam fy.t‿i.si] in ordinary speech, would in verse be pronounced [y.nə ɡʁɑ̃.də fa.mə fy.t‿i.si], with the /ə/ enunciated at the end of each word.

      Schwa cannot normally be realised as a front vowel ([œ]) in closed syllables. In such contexts in inflectional and derivational morphology, schwa usually alternates with the front vowel /ɛ/:

      harceler /aʁsəle/ → [aʁ.sœ.le] ('to harass'), with il harcèle /il aʁsɛl/ → [i.laʁ.sɛl] ('[he] harasses').[45] A three-way alternation can be observed, in a few cases, for a number of speakers:

      appeler /apəle/ → [ap.le] ('to call'), j'appelle /ʒ‿apɛl/ → [ʒa.pɛl] ('I call'), appellation /apelasjɔ̃/ → [a.pe.la.sjɔ̃] ('brand'), which can also be pronounced [a.pɛ.la.sjɔ̃].[46] Instances of orthographic ⟨e⟩ that do not exhibit the behaviour described above may be better analysed as corresponding to the stable, full vowel /œ/. The enclitic pronoun le, for example, always keeps its vowel in contexts like donnez-le-moi /dɔne lə mwa/ → [dɔ.ne.lœ.mwa] ('give it to me') for which schwa deletion would normally apply (giving *[dɔ.nɛl.mwa]), and it counts as a full syllable for the determination of stress.

      Cases of word-internal stable ⟨e⟩ are more subject to variation among speakers, but, for example, un rebelle /œ̃ ʁəbɛl/ ('a rebel') must be pronounced with a full vowel in contrast to un rebond /œ̃ ʁəbɔ̃/ → or [œ̃ʁ.bɔ̃] ('a bounce').

  4. Dec 2023
    1. 語文競賽~字音字形  · Sdrseotnop5032gs00uih52a0aft08A73,461692u1a tl307cftttf7g4 f  · Shared with Public雙音字「載( ㄗㄞˋ )、( ㄗㄞˇ )」~林煥清 什麼是「雙音字」? 簡單來說,就是一個國字有兩個注音。 例如,這次介紹的「載」就有「 ㄗㄞˋ 」和「 ㄗㄞˇ 」兩個注音。 換句話說,當一個詞語當中出現「載」這個國字時, 它不是要注「 ㄗㄞˋ 」的音,就是要注「 ㄗㄞˇ 」的音, 而且不可以混(ㄏㄨㄣˋ)淆。 雖然單音字很難,但遇到雙音字, 加上要判斷的因素,就會顯得更有難度。 壹、載讀作「 ㄗㄞˋ 」時,其意義有: (1) 以交通工具承運。如:「載客」、「載重」、「載貨」。 (2) 承受。如:「水所以載舟,亦所以覆舟。」 (3) 記錄。如:「記載」、「刊載」、「轉載」、「載明」。 (4) 充滿。如:「怨聲載道」。 (5) 且、又。同時做兩個動作。如:「載歌載舞」、「載浮載沉」。 貳、載讀作「 ㄗㄞˇ 」時,其意義有: ⑴量詞。用於計算時間的單位。相當於「年」。 如:「一年半載」、「三年五載」、「千載難逢」。 ※以上解釋,轉載(ㄗㄞˋ)於教育部國語小字典網路版。※ 看到「ㄗㄞˇ」的解釋有五個,而「ㄗㄞˋ」的解釋只有一個時, 我們可以選擇「偷懶」一點的方式來判斷: 只要是跟「時間」有關係的,都要讀成「ㄗㄞˇ」; 其餘的,都將它讀成「ㄗㄞˋ」, 這樣一來,就會變得簡單明瞭。 以下,我還是列舉一些詞語來讓大家練習: 載(ㄗㄞˋ): 【報載】 【滿載】 【負載】 【搭載】 【登載】 【連載】 【刊載】 【記載】 【轉載】 【裝載】 【超載】 【載明】 【載貨】 【載重】 【載譽】 【載運】 【載客量】 【文以載道】 【怨聲載道】 【滿載而歸】 【車載斗量】 載(ㄗㄞˇ): 【一年半載】 【千年萬載】 【十載寒窗】 【億載金城】 【萬載千秋】 記住這樣的判斷方式, 以後遇到三音字、四音字、…… 也可以用這樣的方式來舉一反三。

      確認: 下載 zai4, not zai3 載歌載舞 zai4 記載,刊載 zai4

      唯有表達「年」、「時間」時才是 cai3

  5. Nov 2023
    1. 「念」、「唸」都可解釋為「誦讀」、「反覆述說」,所以我們常說的「念書」、「念經」、「碎碎念」皆可通用「唸」字。其實,古代文獻裡多用「念」字,後人由於用字習慣使然,加上部首偏旁,幫助強化字詞的意義,便自然沿用下來了。

      近年來,我傾向回歸較早較原初的用法和中文字,通常指使用沒有口字旁的原字,如「碎碎念」,「念書」。

      這讓我想到英文發音的一個類比實例:很多 wh- 開頭的字,原初的發音,也是我國一開始學英語時老師教的唯一發音,是 /hw-/,帶有/h/音。但我們很快發現,美式英語中,這個/h/經常省略,剩下一個/w/音,what、 when、where 都是如此。

      我何時念 /hw-/ 何時念 /w-/ 是說不定的,唯一可以確定的,是我想強調一個字時,必然會念成/hw/,因爲那樣的發音編碼(encode)了更多訊息。

      有一次在我固定參加的週末逐步筆譯筆記練習會上,一位較年輕的口譯員同事竟然糾正我的when /hwEn/發音,說這個字的「正確」發音是/wEn/。

      (以上使用SAMPA音標,見此表。)

      我客氣但語氣堅定地說,謝謝指教,但這字的兩個發音都對,你顯然年輕許多。

  6. May 2022
  7. Mar 2021
    1. ë
    2. oo
    3. ó
    4. é
    5. e
    6. u
    7. ii
    8. i

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PpuPMrISVc

      note: I think the example here should be pit, fit, bit, etc. and not beetle, etc.

    9. j
    10. y
    11. l
    12. w
    13. r
    14. r
    15. x
    16. x
    17. s
    18. f
    19. q
    20. k
    21. c
    22. t
    23. p
    24. g
    25. d
    26. b
    27. ŋ
    28. ñ
    29. ñ
    30. n
    31. m
    32. builder
    33. sale
    34. to be the guest of a host
    35. expression of pity
    36. massage
    37. otherwise
    38. to be wide
    39. money
    40. red-fronted gazelle
    41. westerner
    42. sock
    43. cleanse
    44. sewing needle
    45. hurt
    46. life here below
    47. answer to name
    48. burn
    49. hot pepper
    50. give
    51. arrive
    52. tie
    53. nothing
    54. rice
    55. clay
    56. to miss each other
    57. to open
    58. to smell
    59. neck
    60. get up
    61. wipe clean
    62. not wanting to share
    63. courage
    64. house
    65. lean against
    66. day
    67. examine
    68. to go
    69. question
    70. last name
    71. ŋ
    72. à
    73. your
    74. loch
    75. war
    76. stamp
    77. sign
    78. rat
    79. cough
    80. park
    81. onion
    82. not
    83. moon
    84. land
    85. cool
    86. jazz
    87. good
    88. fire
    89. dog
    90. chat
    91. boy
    92. Consonant
    93. to look at
    94. heart
    95. long vowels
    96. Vowel
    97. moon
    98. book
    99. door
    100. phone
    101. beau
    102. hot
    103. meet
    104. beetle
    105. bird
    106. sane
    107. big
    108. where
    109. bedroom
    110. far
    111. life
    112. butter
    113. phonemes
    114. graphemes
    115. Wolof pronunciation
    1. PRONUNCIATION: CONSONANTS

      b -- boy

      c -- as in ‘church‘ with the tongue closer to the top front teeth.

      d -- dog

      f -- fire

      g -- good

      j -- as in ‘jazz’ but with the tongue closer to the top front teeth.

      k -- cool

      l -- land

      m -- moon

      n -- not

      ñ -- as in ‘onion‘ with the tip of the tongue just behind the front teeth.

      p -- park

      q -- like a ‘k‘ pulled back into the throat.

      r -- rat

      s -- sign

      t -- stamp

      w -- war

      x -- as in the Scottish pronunciation of 'loch'.

      y -- your

    2. PRONUNCIATION: VOWELS

      a -- butter

      à -- as in the British pronunciation of 'life'.

      aa -- far

      e -- bedroom

      ee -- where

      é -- big

      éé -- sane

      ë -- bird

      i -- beetle

      ii -- meet

      o -- hot

      ó -- as in the French pronunciation of ‘beau‘.

      oo -- door

      óó -- phone

      u -- as in ‘book‘ with the lips more rounded.

      uu -- moon

  8. Sep 2020
    1. Xun Kuang

      Hsun Tzu's name comes in a variety of forms because of different Chinese dialects and English transcription systems.

  9. Aug 2020
    1. name-pronunciation effect. And it’s exactly what you would expect. People with names you find easy to pronounce are viewed more favorably than those with names deemed difficult to pronounce, which can lead to pro-motions, votes, and more.

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  10. Feb 2019
    1. correctness in pronunciation. as in diction and usage. is not an absolute. Language standards arc the property of the ruling class; thus the diction, usage. and pronuncia• lion of the power centers of capital cities tend to be the standards for a national Ian· guagc.

      This division of pronunciation and usage is particularly visible in terms of class. Mispronounced words are often frowned upon, but all this means is that the person learned this word by reading, rather than having the opportunity of hearing someone say it first.

  11. Jan 2017
    1. He cautions against reading-pronunciation (e.g., pronouncing "often" with the "t")

      Fun fact: The word for studying proper pronunciation is called orthoepy. Im sure everyone in this class is aware of this fact, but it is still fun.

  12. Oct 2015
    1. TeX

      Pronounced like tech

      Edit: The ch should said as in loch, but tek is also a common pronunciation

  13. Jul 2014