588 Matching Annotations
  1. Aug 2019
    1. amtobelocatedatSandyLake

      Ely confirms he is to be located at Sandy Lake to teach

    2. rE.toteachtheschoolther

      Mr. Ely will teach school at Sandy Lake

    3. ButIforbear,IhavealreadyraiserawarofexterminationifwhatIhavenowgivenyouismadepu

      Boutwell knows these statement would cause the killing of many Natives if they were made public

    4. IfaMissionfumiEyr————————______—+consistedofoneman&twofemales,itmightbedifficulttoeradicateff35—555—1537‘fn§“imvro§§1onthathokoayohastooWiveo

      a mission family with two women might look like a polygamous relationship to the Natives

    5. Itisdesirablethatthoroshouldbethreegersono.-~atalleventsthoroshoulibotwo.Afamilymightconsistofonemale&twofemales,thernvoroewoulihoweverbeprefrablo;two‘maiéo&onefemale.MuchasIhaveboonwonttodobroontetheideaof‘aMiasionarthothoeeIn;n.beilnawr—ried,Imustfranklyadmititsproprietyifamissionintoboloo—atodhe

      Boutwell's suggestions for a mission family at Leech Lake

    6. nInd.roullmostsurelytthesd—‘ventardofyourliberolity.Every

      Boutwell sees the Natives as charity seeking

    7. hismightoperateasastimultuswiththemtocultivateafixavalueuponcorn,rice&0,atleastwithsuch,ascarstohavetheirohil.instructed,ratherthansquanderitinfeasts,&feedingsuchasaretooindolenttomakeagardenthemselve

      Boutwell disapproves of the way the Natives handle food

    8. Atpresentthereisnothingamongthem,nothinglikepersonalrightsorindividualprepertyanyfurtherthantrapsguns&kettlesareconcerne

      no personal property

    9. twillbeimpossible,atleastsofarasIcansee,tosustainasmallschooleven,withoutfeediecthechil.tosomeextent.IftheInds.zenhe‘nduoedbyexample&otherhelps,suchasEecd&preparingtheground,tocultivutcmorelargely,theyyould,Ihavenodoubtfurnishprovisionsfortheirohil.inp

      the school will have to feed children regardless, but parents can contribute more if they settle down and cultivate land

    10. heexpenseofestablishing&supportingaMissionfamilyhere,lcouldsay,fromtheobservation&estimate'Ihavebeenabletomake,itwouldnotexceed3600,norwould-itprobablybelessthan$500.

      Mission Family costs at Leech Lake

    11. hatthereareindividualswhowouldbeun—willingtohavetheirchil.instructedatpresent,Ihavenodoubt.Iamnotwithouthopehowever,thatbykindness&ajudiciouscourseofconduct,theirprejudiceswouldsoongiveway

      Boutwell understands not all families want their children taught, but he believes that they will eventually

    12. eLordhathopenedadoor&isapparentlypreparingthesayforyoutooccupythisfieldassoonasyoucanfurnishthemen&mean

      the school and mission should be established as soon as funds are available

    13. fyouwilllearnhimtoreaddoasthewhitesdo,Ishouldbesoglad,Idontknow,whatIcondoforyou

      families want their children to fit into white society

    14. Ire—membered.tohavereadthe“servantienotabovehisMaster

      how Boutwell views his relationship with the Ojibwe

    15. ychildrenarepoor&ignorant

      how mothers feel about their children not knowing how to read, write, or sing in English

    16. hisband&severalothersinthevicinityarenowsmokingthepipeofpeacewiththeSiouxs

      bands around Leech lake have made peace with the Sioux

    17. tisararethingthatanInd.willnothavedealingswithbothhouses,&atthesametimemakeitapointofhonourtocheatonetocourtth

      Natives trade with traders and with someone else, which causes them to cheat at least one party

    18. uchbeingthestateofthings,thereisalwaysstrife,con-tention&everyevilworkbetweenthetwohouses

      lending on credit and unfair trades

    19. cigni,ieelittl01

      Malian = Little Wolf

    20. esicknccnwhichprevailedamongtheIndian038lastsummerwasinconaequcnoeofourcomingintothecountryandthothehissionaricewouldbringsick—noesupontheIndianaaloe"

      Natives believe missionaries bring sickness

    21. aidhe"wishedhiechildrentolearntheBookbutnottoreceiveourreligion["].

      this is about Dr. B's children - Dr. B is a Chief among the Yellow Lake bands

    22. urruilty,ruinedstatebynatureIendoau-ouredtosetbeforehim,andtoTh0?hintheabsolutenecessityofrepentance&theinfinito14:0rtnnooofit

      insight into what Missionaries tell the Natives about God

    23. neanydevoteconaid-arableof113timetoscatteringabnnndtheaecddnflir

      wants two males missionaries so that one can be a traveling preacher essentially

    24. h1hk"that“about"soormoreiramnegmightbeErGngnéGitnlnnfnény4eremf‘tnéinflucnoomoreorlessdir-aot3faimiséi‘szhéz-éfg

      Ayer anticipates at least 60 families can be converted by a Mission at Yellow Lake

    25. tappearstothemlikearenunciationofhhoirreligiOn(astheycallit)tozubnittoinstructionorzuuffartheirchildrento.ItitnotatallsurprisingthattheyshOuldfeelthuo..Theyarealmostallgrosslylyncrsntofovoxythlng‘connectod‘withdivinetruthbut'afewofthemeye:havingbeen:wheretheyhadnnopportuni:yofhaarinzof

      Ayers says that moving onto a Mission feels like giving up their Native religion

    26. cnewigowawhohavechildrenwillprobablystaytheHummerat-ten@;tqinstructionandsendtheirchildrentoschool

      Ayer says widows with children are more likely to stay and send their kids to school

    27. Thereisbutlittleprospectthatmanyofthemwillbebenefit—todmuchbyvhattheyheariftheycannotbeinducedtosettledown&cultivatethegroun

      Ayer doesn't think Christianization will work unless the bands settle down and cultivate land rather than roaming for most of the year

    28. Onaccountofthoextremencmrcityofnrovinioneherotheycouldnotremainion-er

      the school on the Yellow Lake Mission doesn't have provisions for students to stay long

    29. heywouldretaintheircustoms&habitsIftheGreatSpirithaddeaignadtheyshouldbeinstructedtheywouldhavehadhiawordcommunicatedtothanbefore.."TheGreatSpiritdesignedtheyahouldhaveadifforentreligion&quotnmofromnhoWhites

      This is how Ayers describes the decision of the Ojibwe band to not listen to Christian teachings

    30. erewelefttochooseweshouldpreferhrE.ec‘woarewellacquaintedwithhim,andknowthatourvieweonthesubjectofplinlivingandvarioussubjectsconnect-edwithmissionaryOperationsharmoniz

      Ayer expects Ely to close his Mission near Sandy Lake because not many Natives settle there and requests that Ely be sent to Yellow Lake because he has similar views to the Ayer Mission Family

    31. willbeverydesirableundersuchcircumtttnoeeinourunsettleditetetohaveamolefella:laborrwhoinadditiontoschooltoohingwillsuperintendtheconcorno0hi.Iall]ainstructtheIndia

      Ayer requests another male for the Mission to teach and superintend while he [Ayer] is away

    32. referdenyingour—selveotheuseofthemnodiminishourexpensesandhavemoretobestowupontheneedyIndiana

      the Mission Family decides not to spend money on clothing, tea, coffee, pies, cakes, butter, lard, or fancy dishes in order to give more to "the needy Indians"

    33. Thebilloftrans-portation&provisionsaregreatastheynecessarilymuetbeforafamilysofarintheinteri

      expensive for a Mission Family to live so deep in the region

    34. IhaveoftennoughtdirectidnxoftheLordandampersuadedthatthein-terestofthemissionnonldventuallybemuchpromotedifweshouldobtainthissituation."

      this remark indicates that Ayer is primarily concerned with improving the condition of the Natives through the building of a Mission in this region

    35. emustbuildundergreatdisedventn:oses7:muotbuild,almostwhollyinthewintermetheDrcanhaveFor‘1nve"]nonomenafterthemonthoflarch

      Yellow Lake Mission has to be build almost entirely in the winter because of the availability of men to help build

    36. heIndiansfrequentedthoselakestotakefishmuchmorebeforetheestablishmentofthetradinghouse(3yearseince)thannow.IffishShauldincreasetheIndianscouldbemoreeaeilyinducedtolocateherethannee

      Ojibwe bands around Yellow Lake fish less after trading post is established - higher population of fish could entice them to move into a Mission more now than it has in the past

    37. IthinkImntionedinmyformeroomntheun-dosirablanesaofnavina“lesion‘ttionintheneighbourhoodofatradingbonusona/oofthenoral3'tilonoothatreignsaroundthem

      Ayer does NOT want a mission near a trading post because "of the moral pestilence that reigns around them"

    38. Hewillnotprobablyconsenttoourccoiliogohthe2tSroi~vhoic1ccontemplatedasitisoncollenthunting“£xound,tthIndionskillinginthefallgroatnumhoroofba

      Ayer suspects the Yellow Lake band won't give up land on the St. Croix because it is good hunting ground

    39. S.HalltoDavidGreene,LaPointe,November7,1833

      Hall writes to Greene to tell him what the Mission needs: books, medicine, clothing, shoes

    40. MissCookhashadthewholechargeoftheschool.Sheismuchdevotedtotheinterestsofthechildren

      Miss Cook is the teacher at La Pointe in November 1833

    41. hisisaverydesirablequalityinallMissionariesamongtheIndiansinthisregionandparticularlyinfemales

      Mrs. A bonds quickly with the Native women and girls, teaching them how to knit

    42. hisisthenrsttimethatIhaveknownofhispretensionstotheDictators

      A Native son of the late chief Shing Up, doesn't like that the Ely's are building on a certain spot, Ely calls it a dictatorship

    43. eplanwhichwehaveformedwouldplaceourordainedmissionary&hiswife,withaninterpreterafemaleteachers,&perhapsanotherfemalehelper,atLaPointe;acatechistandafemaleteacheratYellowLake;&anordainedmissionary&amaleteacheratSandyLake,withtheexpectationthattheformerwillvisitLeechLake,&perhaps,spendaconsiderableportionoftheyearthere,preparingthewayforapermanentestablishmenttherenext

      proposed division of labor for the various missions: ordained missionary, his wife, an interpreter, female teachers (La Pointe): catechist, female teacher (Yellow Lake): ordained missionary, male teacher (Sandy Lake and Leech Lake)

    44. oardtoprovidebuildingsandteachers&thatallthescholarsboardedbesup-was“Pmmxefomuwamug“'K’twGossamer“mus‘ot.edPurihd.portedAinthismannertomaintaina‘goodfoundationforascho

      While Hall and Boutwell hope that the parents would provide for their children, they understand that much of that work/cost would come from the school

    45. hersthatLeechLakeistheplacetolocateamissionforthatIsectionofthecountry

      I think this is saying that Mr. Ayer thinks Leech Lake, not La Pointe, is the best spot for a mission because so many different bands congregate there

    46. Mr.Hallmaybeinformed,thathisundertakingisnotonlysanctioned,butcordiallyapproved

      Department of war approves a Mission as well

    47. Mr.S.hasgivenrepeatedassur—anceofhisentireapprobationoftheobjectoftheBoardinsend-ingmissionariestotheseIndians,andhasconstantlyexpressedawillingnesstoaideverywayinhispowerinadvancingthework.WecannotbutregarditasfavourableindicationondivineProvidence,thatheentertainsanopinionsofavourabletomissionaryoperationsher

      Schoolcraft wants a Mission

    48. wouldnotbelessthan$3,000,norexceed$3,500

      expected costs for a school at La Pointe is $3000-$3500

    49. Mr.Warrenhasdoneallthisforusverycheerfully,butweoughtnottodependuponhimsomuchinfutureforthgesthing

      the current mission at La Pointe is funded by Mr. Warren - local bands consider it his Mission instead that of the Board

    50. avethestationat,ornear,thetradingpost.TheInd-ianscollectmostaroundtheseplace

      the best place for a mission is around a trading post because it acts as a congregation point for many of the Ojibwe bands

    51. heIndiantitletothislandisextinct,havingbeencededtotheCadottefamilybytheIndia

      the Natives cede land (surrounding Lake Superior?) to Cadotte Family (Mission Family?) Hall and Boutwell think this means no more land needs to be asked of the Natives

    52. Itisthereforeofthefirstimportancethatthemission—ariessenttothiscountryshouldpossessthemselvesoftheOjibwalanguageassoonaspossible

      missionaries should speak Ojibwe

    53. heschoolsshouldbetaughtpiinoipallyinthenativelanguage.Itisinvaintoattempttoin—troducetheEnqllehlanguageextensivelyamongtheseIndians.Theyhavetoolittleintercoursewiththosewhospeakit,torenderitanobjectforthemtolearni

      Hall and Boutwell don't suggest teaching english at the schools - rather French

    54. hemissionaryshouldfollowtheIndian’inhiswanderingsandpreachtohimthegospel

      it should be the job of the missionary to travel with the Native and preach

    55. heyshouldbemadeakindofcentralpointforeachsectionoftheocuntry

      the placement of the missions should be central to each band

    56. hepacificdispositionoftheIndianstowardsthewhitepeople.T

      Hall and Boutwell think the Natives will take kindly to the White settlers

    57. r.Cakeswouldbegladtohaveamissionstationinhisdepartm

      the general consensus among the traders and clerks is that they would like a mission in their area of the region

    58. eseasoninwhichtheIndianwouldbeathisgarden,istheoneinwhichthetraderwouldratherhewouldliestillthantohunt

      the schedule that the traders desire does not line up with the practices of the Natives

    59. heheadtradersundertheA.F.Companywouldgenerallyfavourmissionsinthiscountry.Mostofthemwouldencouragemissionariestocomehere,andsomeofthemwouldcontributeconsiderabletotheirsupp

      traders encourage missions and missionaries

    60. thereforemucheasiertoproducesuchaconversionastheCatholicsaimtoeffect,thantoconvertthemtrulytothegosp

      it will be easier for the missionaries to convert just the image of the Native to Christian, rather than to convert their actual faith

    61. ithanIndian,atraditionorcustomwhichisgivenhimbyhisfathers,issacre

      Patriarchal traditions are said to be sacred to the Ojibwe

    62. eathensuperstitions,towhichtheyarestronglyattached,andwhihhisagreathindrancetotheirreceivingthegosp

      The religion of the Natives gets in the way of the Christianizing process

    63. atifmissionestahlishmentsaremaintained,withwhichschoolsaremaintainedconnected,theseschoolsmustbesmall,unlessprovisionismadeinpartatleast,forthemainte~nanceofscho

      if missions and schools are to be established in this region, they must be willing to stay small with circulating students, or have provisions to provide for students when their parents leave

    64. LacduFlanbeaumightbeapproachedbytheOuisocuein;YellowLake,bytheSt.Groin;andSandyLake,LeechLakeandalmostalltheIndianbandsinthatdirection,bytheMississippianditsuppertributa

      how to access each band via waterway

    65. ostpartsoftheinteriorcountrywhereitwouldbedesirabletoestablishmissionstations,mightperhapsbeapproachedeasierfromtheMississippithanfromLakeSuperio

      the interior of the region is more easily accessed by the Mississippi River than by Lake Superior

    66. Religiousinstructionmustbegivenwheretheycanbefound,ifat

      because the Ojibwe don't settle in one place, Christianization is difficult

    67. wecouldgaintheiru..‘confidenceenoughtosecuretheirchildrentobetaught,manywouldundoubtedlybeinducedtolisten.tothegos

      Hall and Boutwell think that securing the education of mixed children will solidify the christian gospel in the region

    68. Thisinter-coursehasbecomesocommon,thatatpresent,aconsiderableshareoftheIndianpepulaticninsomepartsofthecountry,isofmixedbre

      trade brought in frenchmen from Canada, which in turn is creating a mixed population in some parts of the region

    69. Thereisno+doubtthatthetradecarriedonwiththeseIndians,isanadvantagetothem.Indeedtheycouldnotexistwithoutit,intheirpresentmodeoflife,andthescantyresouneswhichthecountryatpresentaffords.

      Ojibwe bands in the area could not survive without trade - according to Mr. Hall and Mr. Boutwell

    70. hiscircum—stanceisfavourabletochristianeffortinthiscount

      anticipated influx of people into the Great Lakes region is expected to be good for Christianization efforts

    71. nacarexpeditionagainsttheirenemies,thewarpipeissent.Thisistheinvitation.Ifit‘ieaccepted,thepartyispledgedtojoinintheexpedition.Thedifferentbandsseldomornevermakewaroneachother.Theyarelesssavageandferociousthanmanyofthetribeswhichhavebeenfoundonourfrontiers.Theyhaveseldombeenknowntocommitoutrageousactsofbarbarityexceptwhenprovokedtoit.Theyseekrevengeformurderbysheddingblood

      ojibwe war rituals involve no in-fighting, and revenge for members of their band's that are killed

    72. heexpensesofthecurrentyearmustbesomewhatmore.

      why would the expenses be more, if the first year they had to buy their furniture?

    73. gurfamilya§mgresentconsistsofninepersons,includingourhe

      mission family at La Pointe has 9 people, including interpreter and people who work agriculture

    74. “isfiedwith.fewmonthsinthefamily.Lastspring,inordertomakeexperi-mentoftheconfidenceoftheIndiansinus,andtoexhibitmorefullybeforethem,theadvantagesofcivilizedoversavagelife,wetookintoourfamilytwochildr

      the Mission Family took two Native children into their care to show the Natives how civilized life is better than their savagery

    75. ehavefoundthemosteffectualwayofpreachingtotheIn-dianstobefromhousetohous

      visiting houses is the most effective way for the missionaries to Christianize

    76. eetingthechild-renandotherswhoweredisposedtoco

      on Sabbaths when there was no interpreter, the children and anyone else free was collected to read scripture to

    77. eligiousexerciseontheSabbathfortheIndians

      Sabbath exercise for the Natives at La Pointe

    78. mall,seldomexceedingtwentyscholars,andalargepartofthetimenotabovetwelveorfifteen.Onthereturnofthetraders,shouttheletofAug.itnumberedsomewhatmore.Severalchildrenwereleftbyclerksinthefam—iliesatthisplacetoattendschool.AfterthereturnoftheIndiansfromtheirgardens,aboutthefirstofSept.itnumberedthirtyormore,endaveraged25.FromthefirstofNov.whentheIndiansleft.fortheirfishinggrounds,mostoftheIndianboysleftalso,andhaveattendedbutlittlesince.Atthepres-enttimeitnumbers23,andaverages30."ithoneexceptiontheconductofthescholarshasbeenasgoodascouldbeexpected.

      at the school in La Pointe, the numbers of students varied depending on the time of year and whether or not the children were needed to work at the gardens, or fish (the boys left and most didn't return to school)

    79. choolwasopenedwhich/"1hgzigontinuedWithlittleinterruptiontothepres

      School opened at La Pointe in fall 1831

    80. Mr.BoutnellremainayearatMackinaw,toassistHr.F.inthatmission,andtostudytheOjibwalanguage..Ou

      Mr. Boutwell stayed at Mackinaw for a year to assist with the mission there and learn the Ojibwe language

    81. roceedtoMrWarren‘spost,atLaPoints,onLakeSuperior,whi

      Mr. Hall, Mr. Ayer, Mrs. Hall, and Mrs. Campbell (interpreter) traveled to La Pointe on Lake Superior

    82. outhsideofLckeSuperio

      the 1831 tour was focused on Natives on the south side of Lake Superior

    83. hathasbeenaccomplished,thepresentstateoftheccuntryoccupiedbytheChippewaIndians;thuircondition,character,andnodeoflife;obstaclesandencouragemente_totheintroductionofthegospelandciviliza-*—tion-emonqthen;andourviewsrespectingtheplanofoperation,which,inthepresentstateofthecountryseemstobecalledf

      purposes of the report: report what they Hall and Boutwell accomplished, report on the condition/character of the Chippewa Indians, the pros and cons of a Mission with these Natives

    1. ShermanHalltoAaronHallJr.September30,1832,LacDuFlambeau,Sept30,1832

      in this letter Hall describes the living condition at La Pointe

    2. ShermanHalltoDavidGreene,Sept28,1832,LacduFlambea

      in this letter Hall says that the Mission needs a teacher and lists the requirements for the teacher

    3. randIslandBand110'ThebandsontheSt‘Groin&initsvicinityPresqueIsle20RestMr9.visitedlastsummer&thereforenneorKineuinEn116didnotmakemneetimateaswepassed.IKntinégen37hepetoobtaintheeinuteenumbersfromhitLaPoint184hereafterasheisunabletorecallthem.FondduLee193RedLakeeMilLaowedidnotvisit.SandyLake280TheseestimatesIthinkcangenerallybeLakeXinipeg108relieduponU.R.0.orGeesLake150RedLake35

      List of the population sizes and locations of different bands of Ojibwe People

    4. ReedseveralInd.Hymns,thiehIsungtothem.Aftersingingonetheseconddrthirdtimeoneortwoyoungmenjoined&tomysurprise,sungitquitewell.Theyaredelighted&surprisedtohearhymnssungintheirownlanguag

      Boutwell sings hymns in the Ojibwe language, which surprises the Natives

    5. hebeat’01"theIndra;dnmi;if:t'‘.h.‘.~.-''“S:‘.ig.‘at":‘J2‘3.H,i1‘3”‘3‘”“1017915'15850.her?-.-“FM?oiéiéha115111.61ofj”t1i§:¥a&;259§£liv.:nghe‘1éWatt

      Boutwell calls the Natives savages and essentially without religion

    6. aptJe

      Captain Jewitt -Indian agent -Surveyor General of Missouri

    7. noldJquanthiéjmorn.L§é%tgpickgi@f;&Vfro:.littlbunildahagg,Whilsieotlfnnghi"ngfnnh?&11%n13girlp:Fingfroatheoldwomanshe1..hengnnnudnanénagogdlynumbers1sh;wowluEliathemtohprmotherW109t:nhom,pnéxbntlywithagéadrI.Vv,“{J:.‘_’n‘‘~.1911311.

      squaw picks lice out of child's head while another child picks lice from her head - lice is eaten after

    8. iatinguiSEOd.batni§”na§F§hba:fdnght':~,..:#1:?)‘'*bahsrnth~0317u01&.theSiouxatnalatturofwh~mwegrin%le&guaziththePox&.a.TheOjibuosi~am-naéd-waaa-gieiégéenagahawere_ledby"rJohnston'sGrand-Fathei&listihgnished0h1e£?6n_tnquothérp,_-i‘‘;.1‘Van\‘.-r'.LefttheInllsat7A.:.&ascendedasuriemof“§ééigéwhichageaide,wereVictori

      Old Battle between Ojibwe and Sioux/Fox/Saoko(?) - Ojibwe won

    9. LittlcGrowisconsidered.onec:themostinfiuennal(mi:sz“inthoQiouxnation

      Little Crow (Sioux Chief) = extremely influential

    10. urgeonmooisaWood--1113wuc19.tm~11]1-wayintheF

      Dr. Wood's wife is the only woman at Fort Snelling

    11. FortSmelling

      Fort Snelling: where St. Peters and Mississippi intersect

    12. sdesirousofaschoolatornearhisgoat,&lof£er§<$odéVall,inhispowertoaidinoaae.apersonissenthere

      Schoolcraft wants a school in this area and will work with Boutwell to make it happen (at Red Lake over Sandy Lake because of the land is better at Red Lake)

    13. cthomant'ic‘igpat'eekInag’nvaaiw.''‘.z.‘--:“".w.':’.r‘r".‘..1'~hecouldnotgivemean31mm:towhatI.ghgugmonylrel‘atmc:to_p;.—v..Vf,_a..f»'1“:2”?».13},."’.['5'."f...schoolamonghispeople,as.someofLikehisprincipinr'monmore.not;-.‘r.‘«‘.‘‘‘i‘a'i.‘h-'I‘a'‘.3”‘'""dm:-:9?A-J'1'.3-.4"‘present,27110121126:mustfirstcdnsulf

      Sandy Lake Chief has the same response as the Principal Man at the Red Lake - not every one is present to discuss the possibility of a Mission on their land

    14. reasatLeechLakerequestedthatgiéiixji‘itely:ofthe:U.States)would06nd.someonetofi‘int,.,'44Iw»3L.1,..K.;-v;-..-,.'.‘....'3";‘betweenthem8:thoSiouxe.

      The chief of the Sandy Lake Band requests that the US President send someone to define the lines between the Ojibwe and the Sioux

    15. litkleifanyproopootthatamissionOOUIdbeestablishedalongthematprooen

      Boutwell doesn't seem confident that a Mission could be established right now (war mainly I think)

    16. U.Ra3.orCaseinaLakebond,whichisbut45or50me.dtent-RedLakebendinutaboutthreeduyemarch,SandyLakeaboutt9some,&inipigaboutthemea11thGeesLake.Itiscentralinreletion.totheseneighuaoringhandswitheachofwhichtheyhvefrequentintercourseatalltoasoneofthef

      the Mission is to be built at the URC (Cassina Lake Band) because it is central in location to the Red Lake Band, the Sandy Lake Band, and the Winipig

    17. heseclerksareoftenmen,whoeremorevile&treacherousthantheInda.themselves

      the clerks from the trading posts (sent by Aitkin) are described as worse than the Natives in terms of civility

    18. hisbandisconsideredthelargest&perhapstheoatWerlike1nthewholeOjibuenatio

      this particular band of Ojibwe's is considered the largest and most warlike in the whole Ojibwe Nation (706 + ~100 on an island)

    19. ucalluschildren.isarenotohildrn.bunman

      from here until the bottom of the next page, Boutwell repeats the speech the Chief gave to the tour about their war against the Sioux Main Points: the war is to avenge the death of men, women, and children killed by the Sioux

    20. Seneoas,Oneidas&StockbridgeInd

      Missionaries also currently at villages in Canada, as well as with the Senecas, Oneidas, and Stockbridge Bands

    21. Manyofthem"toretheinsignia.ofaddress:Syst‘r‘ip.5%poleost—skinroundthehead&heels,thebushytailoftheanimalsoattachaitotheletter10todragonthewround.Thecrownofthehadwasornamentedwithstandingfeathers,indicatingthenumberofenem

      Boutwell describes in detail the appearance of the Natives surrounding the Chief

    22. heonlycommunicationisbytheHissipi.

      the Mississippi River provides the only means of communication

    23. hisbandisfarremovedfromallpresentcatholicinflu

      while this particular Ojibwe band shows signs of civilization, they are "far removed from all... catholic influence"

    24. nquirywasputtotheprincipalmen,theChiefbeingabsentEAgouldyouliketohaveahiseionarycome&livewithyou,instructyourchildren&tellyouaboutGod”?

      Boutwell (author) finally asks the question of the principal man (chief is gone) - if they would like a missionary to come and live with them, to instruct their children and teach them all about god? Principal man says only the chief can answer it

    25. Lakert’pinc‘a'niteuin,1.6.whereHwykilledus.ItissonamedfromtheSioux'ehereonchemurderingswholefamilyofOjihues

      Lake Topinoniteuin (where they killed us) - a band of Sioux killed an entire Ojibwe family

    26. Siouxembankmen

      at this part of the river, the Sioux have set up a hiding spot where they can easily kill anyone travelling by the river

    27. ecountryherehaslostalltheoharactereisticsofyesterdaysnotice

      as the tour travels along the Mississippi River, the scenery constantly changes, from luscious to desolate and everything in between

    28. wasperformedaroundthegravesofthede

      the scalp dance was performed around the graves of the deceased Ojibwe

    29. tWM‘Lodbrthrow“qu-3,r;.1hearinginh.oneoftherecent30.11139.

      the "scalp dance" to celebrate the recent victory over the Sioux is led by three Squaws

    30. 301’13:213Inm'a‘olatolearng-jfthéizaef‘indééera'é'erhmny'human)"uKindtothe8101:8:infirm,thoiigh"t‘heipe‘érapage‘s:theirWandermerciesarecrue

      author perceives the Ojibwe as being fair to their sick and elderly, except for a few cases were "their 'tender mercies are cruel'"

    31. thelodgedirectlybefore.‘eeresuspenéledthreehuman.scalpe.Th

      the scalps of the killed Sioux hang in a lodge in the encampment they visit

    32. 3Ihadnot[enjinterpreu'.bar,(ImaunabletocommunicatemuchmorethantoredsuchortioneofScrip.ghymns3.3werefamiliarton

      Does this mean that he has memorized some parts of scripture in the Native language of the people?

    33. saweqthfromthefeet,thatshe3.1...mysmakesthearden,in0.5muchastheInd.dagge-itde'gmja'dtnghim“elftouseM9435thehueorMS

      the women are the only ones who work the garden because the men find it degrading to use a hoe or axe

    34. 113ourcanoeswereunind§gg,ton€ergotingé

      He is unclear about who performs the labor of unloading the canoes and pitching the tents while he walks

    35. Thisband'gif:cetidlat’é‘ci"at106.Thereareabout35huntersheren

      the band of Natives that entertains the party has 106 members, 25 of whom are hunters

    36. lielandimmediatelyaboutthePostisforthemootpartlge,butofathemouthofaconsiderableetreamtogoodquality.Thecorn,peaspotatoeslook~wel3&squgheoalllook3e11,altoasmallyardoftobacco

      small farm near Trading Port

    37. ioux'acametothetradingpostatPambipén§itn§?etheyaétlpéd.achildafl

      Sioux party came to Pombinau trading post and killed a child - revenge was had by Ojibwe's who killed 4 of the Sioux Party

    38. ‘nanhagJusta:ivedfromLeech.§ake,who1n£ormé~--‘-3_usorthereturnofthqPillagerafromtheirgtarpgxphrsigntuThagimhta'A‘s;-\‘l11.5;gf.“.u-3?V.‘''“‘."45:413‘LawarpartyoftheSioux'aAbothpartiesdennetoaqégeatorgfotedgqth.TheOjibuealostonoman,&killedthreeSionijgitnoéé's¢a1nénéhggf'his.usthat-téhnérty.H,*broughthomerejoici

      man arrives to the party from Leech Lake Pillagers from a war excursion Ojibwe's lost one man, Sioux lost 3 men (their scalps were brought home to celebrate the success)

    39. Readafewhymns&portionsof"cripturetoaforInde.who0-companynotowhichtheyalllistenedattentively.PresentedalittletracttooneofthemfromwhichIread.Hethankedmo&commaftertomakemesomereturn,cametowithsome(pakueiégn)theleavesofarunningvino.hichthey’ry&smoke.At4-P.’.0011ctedthelads.&Frenchmen-~read,sang&pryedwiththem.chorerofrainobliged-ug-teinterrugtedmewhileiddreaeingthem
    40. dqrh.ismostlyobtainedatRedLakefromthelads.whotherecultivateittoconsiderableextent.

      some sort of food is obtained at Red Lake from the Natives there (I can't read what it is)

    41. HehasIamtolnrising[1}30headofhornedcattle,threehorses&15swine.Hehasfrom15to80acresoflandenclosed&underiprovement.Hecultivatespotatoesbarley&posse.Iamtoldheraised6or700buuhelaofpotatoeslastseason.Hisfieldsnotpromiseagoodcroporpotatoes.Hisgroundwhichhesowedwithpasse&barleyarenotflooded&thecrapmostlydestroyed.Hedependswhollyuponwildheyforhisstockinthewinter,&whichhemayetherhereinalmostanyquantit

      description of Mr. A's land/house, out of which he conducts trade and grows his own food

    42. Youmaythereforeinfersomeoftheobstscles,besidestheriskofproperty&life,whichtheInd.traderhastosurmount

      There are many difficulties a trader must endure

    43. istanceofabout140milesfromFondduLacpostincanoes,e750fromMac

      this trade port is 140 miles from Fond du Lao department and 750 miles from mack

    44. he.principalpartofthebandarenotabsent,someattheirfishingeothersattheirhuntinggroun

      The majority of this Native band is either hunting or fishing

    45. ourpostsaresetinthegroundfrom7to9feethigh,bymeansofwhichasortofscaffoldisraised&uponwhichintheopenairthecoffinisasisséestplace

      how the Natives bury the dead - raised above ground

    46. hesoldiershavebeenemployeethegreaterpartofthedayincomingupwiththeirbaggage&canoestoourencampmen

      From this statement it appears that only the men of power truly practice the Sabbath, implying that the true practice of the Sabbath by the Natives is not as important as a conditioning toward the Christian "values"

    47. tone.momentourmenweresingingsomeInd.hymn-thenextaeongordancingtune-thenextmomentanInd.vauldbegintothumphiedrun&oing,thathemightmakehispartofthenoise,&rendertheSceneofconfusionmoreperf

      a combination of Christian Sabbath and Native participation (with their own traditions)

    48. AnoldInd.incompanywithus,passingalargestonerisinoutofthemiddleoftheriverlefthisofferingoftobaccotothe(Henito)spirit.

      Native offers tobacco to Menito spirit on the river

    49. Achildoffendedanoldshunt,uponwhichsheseizedafire-brandtothrowatit

      discipline appears strange and unusual to author

    50. oseethemeatisenoughtodisgustforeverahungryman.Allcollectaroundthekettleorbigbirch-barkdisheeachuseshisfingersorwholehandJustwhichhefindsmosttohisadvantage.Childrenasnakedastheywereborn,savethecloth.rcundtheloine&hungrydogssittingontheirhindlegswiththeirnosesoverthedishin-tentlywatchingeverymotion&staringyourintheface.allthis.couldbeendured,buttoseeasquatlickakettlecoverbothindiameter&circumference,thisismorethaneverywhitemanchuldwellendure

      here the author provides some insights into the eating habits of the Natives, describing it as disgusting, mentioning the naked children and how the mothers lick the lids of the pots

    51. ButafterallthereisnotsogreatadifferencebetweentheseInds.&ourvoyageursasonemightsuppose.fortheyoftenreoievetheirrationofflourintheirpockethandkerchieforhat

      provisions are received by Natives and soldiers alike in dirty clothes

    52. oraretheequatenegl(cted,whohavecutdone,byfa

      The Mothers are said to have done more work than any North English Yankee and even more than some of the shoulders - implied that they did the work while carrying their children

    53. r8.heredistributedpresentstotheInde.mostofthemhavesidedusincarryin

      Schoolcraft gave gifts to the male and female Natives who helped carry supplies

    54. ThesquatisoftenseenwithallthematerialsonherbackwhichmakethehouseInds.House,&thearticleswhichfurnishit,suchaskettles,woodenladies,drum,traps&axes&onthetapofalltheInd.cradleinwhichisboundthenursingchild,whiletheInd.isseldomseenwithmorethanhispipe,tobaccosack&musket

      squaw carries materials for the Native homes on her back (wood, kettles, drums, traps, axes, ladles, etc) AND ALSO she carries her nursing child the men rarely carry more than a pipe, tobacco, and a musket

    55. heyoungmenalllookthiseve.likecrestfallenfowls,tosay-nothinghowtheyfee
    56. unfrequentlytheInd.cradleishungslungtopofall,thehoopofwhichdefendsthechildehead,projectingsohighastooatheverybushnowdrippingwiththerain&shakeitwellintothechildsface.Asthemothercannotwellleavethenursingchild,itmustridebothways,sothatshehasnotthereliefofavoyageur,whotakesbreathinreturningbackforanotherlo

      Cradles are carried up the path as well as pork and flour The mothers can't just set their children down while they work, they are forced to carry their babies with them as they make trips to carry all the foodstuffs to the next point

    57. twothirdsofthesettlementisunder'Epis.influ.ence.Healsogivesitashiso>inion,thattheprinciplemenoftheH.BayDepartment,wouldfavour&aidinMissionaryoperation

      2/3 of Red River Settlement is under Episcopal influence, and David Aitkins believes the Hudson Bay Dept would favor and help to establish a mission

    58. ombinawabqut.sqMamfrom.IAthoQantlnmont..'*'-}"',:55I“."‘J”I.Ilq'jn,I-.'4vC-h-..,1Pew.includingFrench,halfwbreeda,Englichr'Sooth~éabcnm3000...‘-41’.3anyhiuhn~&twopriaata.Theyhavebutonezéah‘probg~e§t1m3teofsrnslsrufrom50to$0.rhavareTradnrsintheir1abor

      Mr. David Aitkins (Brother of M Aitkins) visits Pombinaw often and says the population is 2000 and that they trade their labor

    59. pisnopaluhuguhLJvct«r'1'31..1ricuhave,(ousraJones&Cochran.ErJonesisaSolohmun,¢mwdoftalents,&officiataaaschaplainforthsdudaonaBayCompa

      Red River Settlement as two Episcopal Missionaries: M Jones (who is a wolohuan (Man of Talents) and chaplain for the Hudson Bay Company) and M Cochran

    60. 86tendsatleach30m3.oneachaid;ofther1Vcr

      Red River Settlement is at least 60 miles expanding across the River

    61. hispost133oncetheheadquartersof.hatiscalledthe“onduLac;opurtment.MrMorisonthanconotedtheInd,trdointhisDepartment&madethisplaoohishomeforsomeyearsprevioustohisleavingtheind.country.Thebuildingsarenewinamiserablestutu,consistoftwodwollinghouses,onefortheclerk&theotherforthomen,a-zmlllstable,&alargestorehouaeforgoodq&furs.Allrrubuiltoflogs&coveredwithcedarbark.‘r‘orisonenclosedaboutisor30auraswhichheimproved,inraisingcorn,potatoes&othervegetables.The3011larioh%easyofcultivation.11dhayinanyquantitynaybeobtainedfromtheprairiebanksofthet.Louis.Kr.H.Iamtoldkeptalargestockofcattle.HrCote,aFrenchman,13thenrosontclerk.

      Mr. S comes to what was once Fon du Lao department where a Mr. Morison conducted trade with the Natives. it is now run down and run by Mr. Cote, a French man. The land is still good for agriculture.

    62. negéiééAi§k1nn,rel-ativatotheH3dlivertathl,ment.',,;_"Hr‘illiulA..itkin,astimatasnnepop;at3f0r74990;1Thereist3oneBishop3tvoorthraopri:st

      the Red River Settlement according to Mesers Aitkins: 3-4,000 residents, including 1 bishop and 2 priests

    63. hoWoniduL10BandisontheinorepaeintheEatimationofthatradaru.Theu~m23ofnbresprincipleJhicfs"re"ongozga,thoLoongfoot,“kinguptic“pruas,&lndlbona.a,littlehead.’Totalofnon,1010n&children133

      The Fond du Lao Band is growing Chiefs: Skingup (the Spruce), Indibons (the little head),and Mongozia (the Loons Foot), the total population is 193

    64. Thcayare1f.umm:moreas;dad11ha‘its&Lntauébn'jchéntheInd.himself.‘heru13hagalyona'xongthemthgt;cqn.ré;dxérritehiso

      He goes on to explain how the Natives might be more civilized even than the French

    65. 35fluanceofE:A.thevialhasbeen1n4daside&cardsareintroduced9init”Lno.Sub.Juno3%.Tri;€77.thqunxun.LzuplaceintkagrLtdxhvtoIuoidk3.5"&dancing.ln:rcisnomaxi.ngJxlncaofSab.améqétnaée’cathoioFrenchman,bnanamongthelads.themselves.

      the author compares the lack of respect for the Sabbath of the french to how the Natives treat the Christian practice

    66. Thebulletsiatledthroughtha'irovermgrheads3buoygaveusasalute

      encampments of Natives fire rifles over the heads of the white visitors as a way of welcoming them

    67. awar~paxtyharegone*fromLeashLakeagainsttheSioux'a.TheparnyconsistsOf160strong.TnoaeInds.&theirdamiliesareontheirta}tLhaan

      A war party has recently passed where the missionaries are camping, they are going from Loeoh Lake against the Sioux

    68. 10or13onlyattend&thosenotregul

      the school on the mission only has 10-13 irregular attending students

  2. Jul 2019
    1. Onabluffaf’vyard;:3ourr1ht19asmallplatofroundwhichtheInds.h&v6plunntiwithpobtbosawhichaiojuqtmakingnheirappearancefromtherrmmd

      Natives planted potatoes which are now sprouting

    2. Liout.HayfieldofthePoymlNavyAfewyearssince,surveyedthecoastsofSuperior&Huronamadethisclustertoconqistortwentytwa

      They are in the area surrounding lake Superior and Huron

      • a Lieutenant Bayfield of the Royal Navy has surveyed them previously and found a "cluster to consist of twenty two"

    Tags

    Annotators

  3. Jun 2019
    1. guébhInini,'th§pibusnativefratthe"antremainsatthePointwithBr.H.&ItruatwillbeofmuchAidinimpartinganin—tcrusttothereligioua'meetinga,ashecanuddreeatheInds.&prayintheirosnlangu

      Poguoch Inini stays with Mr. H to pray to the Natives in their own language (but not their religion)

    2. heInds.have:ehbampon.thisIsland,froasuperatitiouaideatheyentertain‘tksitsbaingtharesidenceofthebadSpir

      expedition sees Spirit Island, which is uninhabited by Natives because of belief of a bad spirit there

    3. heSchoolissmallr-10or13onlyattend&thosenotregular.Itismuchembarrusoodforthewunhof.ateacher,whosetimecanbemostlfdevotedtoit

      the school at this area is small, with irregular attendance (from both students and teacher)

    4. heoats,barloypeas&potatoeslookwell&ffordtheromioef1goodcrop.Earthofi£:§;e§r.hasplantedasmallpieceofcornforanexperiment.Idoubtzhother-it,illcometomuch.Thegroundwasnotwellprepared.Ithinkhoweverthesoil,which131mixtureofrodclayesand,ifwellmanurcd,canbemadetoproducecorn.Thegrazeiszuffoxingmuchfortherentofr.in.thinduatry&econ—omyIamsatixfiedthatmost,ifnot111,ofthevegetablesnecessaryforthesupportofafamily,canberaisedhere

      the writers notes how the cropland of Mr. W - with some "industry and economy" can be made to sustain a small mission family

    5. AfterDoct..vaccinatectheIndc.prezent,hoembarkedinacanoeforthenotoVaccinaho.la.werethe

      at an exchange of gifts, the Natives present are vaccinated and those in the gardens are looked for to be vaccinated

    6. istorH111infinehalth&spirit

      Same Hall as before with childbirth complications?

    7. isonthisrivarabout3ms.fromthemouthofwhichtththeInds.tolongin‘toth.LaPointband,maketheirgarden
    8. P.B

      a young Native was denied marriage to a "squaw", who was instead "given" to a "half-breed" - the Native shot the half-breed, escaped custody and is at large

    9. PoguoohInini,thepiousnatIVe

      the expedition has a religious interpreter - Poguoch Inini

    10. r8.nowtoldthem:hoIwas.&thatastheirfriend&hisfriend,hehadinvitedmotnaooo)anyhimonhisvisittot.Hespoketothemontheimportanceoftheirhaaeainglearnintotofcultivatingtheirlands&havinschoolsfortheirhildr.Ithenreadtothemsome'ortionaofScrip.fromtranlanwhichIhad&expressedtothem,throuhtheInterpreter,htohris.uubliowerenowdoingfor:eroftheirneoplo,&*h~ttheirfriendswouldarelongsendsomeonetoinstructtheir3hidron.&tellthemabout“0d&JanusChrist&heavoniftheydosiradit.-muatfirstcollootallbigband&tal‘TheChiefrepliedthihhehinaol.hadnochildren,ithathewiththembeforohecoul

      the expedition expresses to the Natives the importance of cultivating their land and building a school, the writer reads them scripture

    11. isitfromtheirFather.Thisistheaxpollationbywhichthey11call1'3

      one of the leaders of the expedition (Mr. C) is known to the Natives as their "Father"

    12. nhisneckhunghisdeceasedfathcrsmedal&silvergorge,thelatterofwhichwasintheformofahalf—moon.

      son of dead chief wears his medals

    13. reachedtheInd.villageatthemouthoftheErwin.agan.ThechiefhoistedtheAmericanFlagasweneared,whilehis'youngmenstandbyviththcirmuskctatocivcustheaalune

      Native "village at the mouth of the Antin-agon" - the chief raised an american flag and the young men saluted with muskets as the expedition approached

    14. AboutItA.H.hieut.Allencameup,havingenoampedsome13or14ms.inourrear.At3P.X.IpreachedinEnliahtoaboutonethirdofourpartyxAt59.3.mostofthemenassembledtowhomhrJohnstonreadaportionofScript.inFrenchfromabioh.Iremarked.HeafterwardsreadthetractentitledLooden;Chiming.Alllistenedwithmuchapparentintatght.ButIsoonwitnessedthatourroading&preach-ingN15ofbutlittleavail.Themensoongtéthihégitéfthoifsports,5..lv:heavingthequoit&treetling

      expedition preaches and reads scripture to 13 or 14 Natives - they listen, but then return to their "sports"

    15. KineuinonPortage

      expedition reaches Kineuinon Portage on June 17, 1832

    16. ogronourSiohagainstthoSioux's

      Local tribes preparing for war against Sioux

    17. 9nofnoagééio§k3“&IgoéoliéaufromLaoduFlambeou,onthoirraytoHainirgq;ffnr6gingormgusthatrhoIndo.

      Mesars Oaks and Beaulieau from Lao de Flambeau, headed to Maokinaw

    18. menexetoPreaque~1ele,asmallbanddnuInég‘he&e;nQ§iha

      Presque-isle, 30 Natives

    19. OurIndianmeetinghasbeenattendedbyafewonly,exceptthechildrenwhobelongtotheschool.TheIndians,whenhere,havenotfeltmuchinterestincomingtohear.Thehearershavebeenprincipallyfemaleswhichbelongtothecivilizedfamilieshere

      most Natives don't come to meetings (only children and females of "civilized families"

    20. Mr.Warre

      Mr. Warren helps provide for the mission; furniture, a cow, house space, firewood, produce from agriculture, labour

    21. Mrs.Hall,afterachildbedconnnement,hadaseverentofsicknessinconsequenceofanimposthumatedbreast.Shehasnowsofarrecoveredastoenjoycomfortablehealth,thoughshehasnotfullyregainedherstrength

      Mrs. Hall was bed-ridden after a birth complication of an "imposthumated breast". She had a "severe fit of sickness" because of it, but returned to comfortable health, although not strength.

    22. DavidGreenetoShermanHallandWilliamBoutwell,Boston,June10,1832.[don'twanttoincurlargeexpensesontheinteriormissions.Providesguidelinesforminimizingcosts.First,thatthereshouldbenoboardingschoolsrunattheBoard'sexpense.]2.Theremustnotbelargesecularestablishments,agriculturalormechanical,connectedwiththecontemplatedmission.Theseestablishments,generally,incaseswheretheyhavebeenconnectedwiththestations,havescarcelysupportedthemselves;whiletheyhaverenderedlargemissionfamiliesnecessary,giventothestationsanappearanceofwealthandostentation,occasionedmuchperplexity&labor,&inmanycases,jealousies&dissentions.Ourmissionariesaregenerallywearyofthem,&disposedtorelinquishthe

      repeat page

    23. Theremustnotbelargesecularestablishments,agriculturalormechanical,connectedwiththecontemplatedmission.Theseestablishments,generally,incaseswheretheyhavebeenconnectedwiththestations,havescarcelysupportedthemselves;whiletheyhaverenderedlargemissionfamiliesnecessary,giventothestationsanappearanceofwealthandostentation,occasionedmuchperplexity&labor,&inmanycases,jealousies&dissentions.Ourmissionariesaregenerallywearyofthem,&disposedtorelinquishthem

      the mission itself shouldn't be large or have agricultural goals for itself, it's too much work and causes tension

    24. noboardingschoolsrunattheBoard'sexpense

      Board shouldn't pay for schools

    25. LaPointe,YellowLake,Pokegama,(OjibweMissions)Schoolcraft,extractfromalettertoWilliamBoutwell,quotedinBoutwelltoDavidGreene,Mackinaw,March7,1832Itis,infact,onlyaswecanadvancetheirspiritualimprovement,thatwehaveanysurefoundationforamelioratingtheircivilcondition.H.R.SchoolcrafttoDavidGreene,SaultSte.Marie,February25th,1832.ObjectsconnectedwiththepoliticalconditionoftheChippewaysinhabitingtheupperMississippi,haveinducedtheDepartmentofWartonotifymethatitisdeemedimportantIshouldvisitthesebands,duringtheensuingseason.Theopportunitywillbefavourableforinquiringintotheirmoral,aswellaspoliticalnecessities.Andtheregionis,onseveralaccounts,averyattractiveneldofevangelicalobservation.HavingbeeninformedthattheAmericanBoardhavedirectedtheirattentiontothishithertoneglectedquarter,andthatitisinaccordancewiththeirwishestoprocureauthenticinformationrespectingit,IhaveinvitedtheRev'dMrBoutwelltoaccompanyme,feelingpersonally,adeepinterestinthesuccessoftheireffortstobettertheconditionoftheChippewanation.PlacedbytheGovernmentasanAgenttothispeople,theiradvancementinthescaleofmoral&accountablebeings,istome,anobjectofhighimportance.AndIknownotwhatcouldhavesodirectaninnuenceinraisingthemtothedignityoflife,astheintroductionofChristianity[sic].Iamquitesatisnedthattheirpolitical,mustresultfromtheirmoralmelioration.Andthatallourattemptsinthewayofagriculture,schooling&themechanicarts,areliabletomiscarry&producenopermanentgood,unlesstheIndianmindcanbepurinedbygospeltruth,andcleansedfromthebesettingsinofabeliefinmagic,&fromidolatry&spirit-worshi

      repeat page

    26. PlacedbytheGovernmentasanAgenttothispeople,theiradvancementinthescaleofmoral&accountablebeings,istome,anobjectofhighimportance.AndIknownotwhatcouldhavesodirectaninnuenceinraisingthemtothedignityoflife,astheintroductionofChristianity[sic].Iamquitesatisnedthattheirpolitical,mustresultfromtheirmoralmelioration.Andthatallourattemptsinthewayofagriculture,schooling&themechanicarts,areliabletomiscarry&producenopermanentgood,unlesstheIndianmindcanbepurinedbygospeltruth,andcleansedfromthebesettingsinofabeliefinmagic,&fromidolatry&spirit-worship

      the only way to improve all aspects of Native life (agriculture and politics mentioned) is to Christianize them calls their current practices "the besetting sin of the belief in magic" and "idolatry & spirit-worship"

    27. ObjectsconnectedwiththepoliticalconditionoftheChippewaysinhabitingtheupperMississippi,haveinducedtheDepartmentofWartonotifymethatitisdeemedimportantIshouldvisitthesebands,duringtheensuingseason.Theopportunitywillbefavourableforinquiringintotheirmoral,aswellaspoliticalnecessities.Andtheregionis,onseveralaccounts,averyattractivefieldofevangelicalobservation.HavingbeeninformedthattheAmericanBoardhavedirectedtheirattentiontothishithertoneglectedquarter,andthatitisinaccordancewiththeirwishestoprocureauthenticinformationrespectingit,IhaveinvitedtheRev'dMrBoutwelltoaccompanyme,feelingpersonally,adeepinterestinthesuccessoftheireffortstobettertheconditionoftheChippewanation

      Board sent HR Schoolcraft to "neglected" Chippeway territory to gather information about the area (viability of missionaries?)

    28. tis,infact,onlyaswecanadvancetheirspiritualimprovement,thatwehaveanysurefoundationforamelioratingtheircivilconditio

      missionaries saw "spiritual improvement" as the only way to civilize the Natives

    29. persontravelling[sic]inthisregion,isobligedtosubmittomanyinconveniences

      travel is difficult: this passage narrates what a family must do to have some comfort on long distance travels

    30. persontravelling[sic]inthisregion,isobligedtosubmittomanyinconveniences.

      travel is difficult in the region: this passage narrates the things each family does to have some level of comfort on long trips

    31. WeshallneverneedalargemissionfamilyheretoconductthestationonthepresentplanoftheBoard

      only need / is sustainable for a small missionary family

    32. benentstheywouldderivefromhavingschoolsandinreceivingthegospel,andtoldthemtheadvantagesoftheircultivatingtheirland.TheysaidthatwhatIhadtoldthemwasalltrue,andverygood.

      objectives: schools, gospel, land cultivation

    33. conversepleasantlyandfreely

      no animosity reported

    34. twillbedifnculttokeepchildrenlongatschoolamongtheseIndians,unlesstheyarefed,onaccountoftheirmigratoryhabitsandthedifncultyofobtainingprovision.Manyofthemresideatseveraldifferentplacesduringtheyear

      expect low attendance because of hunger and migration

    35. WithregardtoourprospectsforimmediatelybenentingtheIndians,Ihardlyknowwhattosay.

      sent by the Board to educate them and build a school