amtobelocatedatSandyLake
Ely confirms he is to be located at Sandy Lake to teach
588 Matching Annotations
- Aug 2019
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Local file Local file
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rE.toteachtheschoolther
Mr. Ely will teach school at Sandy Lake
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ButIforbear,IhavealreadyraiserawarofexterminationifwhatIhavenowgivenyouismadepu
Boutwell knows these statement would cause the killing of many Natives if they were made public
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IfaMissionfumiEyr————————______—+consistedofoneman&twofemales,itmightbedifficulttoeradicateff35—555—1537‘fn§“imvro§§1onthathokoayohastooWiveo
a mission family with two women might look like a polygamous relationship to the Natives
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Itisdesirablethatthoroshouldbethreegersono.-~atalleventsthoroshoulibotwo.Afamilymightconsistofonemale&twofemales,thernvoroewoulihoweverbeprefrablo;two‘maiéo&onefemale.MuchasIhaveboonwonttodobroontetheideaof‘aMiasionarthothoeeIn;n.beilnawr—ried,Imustfranklyadmititsproprietyifamissionintoboloo—atodhe
Boutwell's suggestions for a mission family at Leech Lake
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nInd.roullmostsurelytthesd—‘ventardofyourliberolity.Every
Boutwell sees the Natives as charity seeking
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hismightoperateasastimultuswiththemtocultivateafixavalueuponcorn,rice&0,atleastwithsuch,ascarstohavetheirohil.instructed,ratherthansquanderitinfeasts,&feedingsuchasaretooindolenttomakeagardenthemselve
Boutwell disapproves of the way the Natives handle food
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Atpresentthereisnothingamongthem,nothinglikepersonalrightsorindividualprepertyanyfurtherthantrapsguns&kettlesareconcerne
no personal property
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twillbeimpossible,atleastsofarasIcansee,tosustainasmallschooleven,withoutfeediecthechil.tosomeextent.IftheInds.zenhe‘nduoedbyexample&otherhelps,suchasEecd&preparingtheground,tocultivutcmorelargely,theyyould,Ihavenodoubtfurnishprovisionsfortheirohil.inp
the school will have to feed children regardless, but parents can contribute more if they settle down and cultivate land
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heexpenseofestablishing&supportingaMissionfamilyhere,lcouldsay,fromtheobservation&estimate'Ihavebeenabletomake,itwouldnotexceed3600,norwould-itprobablybelessthan$500.
Mission Family costs at Leech Lake
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hatthereareindividualswhowouldbeun—willingtohavetheirchil.instructedatpresent,Ihavenodoubt.Iamnotwithouthopehowever,thatbykindness&ajudiciouscourseofconduct,theirprejudiceswouldsoongiveway
Boutwell understands not all families want their children taught, but he believes that they will eventually
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eLordhathopenedadoor&isapparentlypreparingthesayforyoutooccupythisfieldassoonasyoucanfurnishthemen&mean
the school and mission should be established as soon as funds are available
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fyouwilllearnhimtoreaddoasthewhitesdo,Ishouldbesoglad,Idontknow,whatIcondoforyou
families want their children to fit into white society
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Ire—membered.tohavereadthe“servantienotabovehisMaster
how Boutwell views his relationship with the Ojibwe
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ychildrenarepoor&ignorant
how mothers feel about their children not knowing how to read, write, or sing in English
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hisband&severalothersinthevicinityarenowsmokingthepipeofpeacewiththeSiouxs
bands around Leech lake have made peace with the Sioux
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tisararethingthatanInd.willnothavedealingswithbothhouses,&atthesametimemakeitapointofhonourtocheatonetocourtth
Natives trade with traders and with someone else, which causes them to cheat at least one party
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uchbeingthestateofthings,thereisalwaysstrife,con-tention&everyevilworkbetweenthetwohouses
lending on credit and unfair trades
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cigni,ieelittl01
Malian = Little Wolf
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esicknccnwhichprevailedamongtheIndian038lastsummerwasinconaequcnoeofourcomingintothecountryandthothehissionaricewouldbringsick—noesupontheIndianaaloe"
Natives believe missionaries bring sickness
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aidhe"wishedhiechildrentolearntheBookbutnottoreceiveourreligion["].
this is about Dr. B's children - Dr. B is a Chief among the Yellow Lake bands
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urruilty,ruinedstatebynatureIendoau-ouredtosetbeforehim,andtoTh0?hintheabsolutenecessityofrepentance&theinfinito14:0rtnnooofit
insight into what Missionaries tell the Natives about God
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neanydevoteconaid-arableof113timetoscatteringabnnndtheaecddnflir
wants two males missionaries so that one can be a traveling preacher essentially
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h1hk"that“about"soormoreiramnegmightbeErGngnéGitnlnnfnény4eremf‘tnéinflucnoomoreorlessdir-aot3faimiséi‘szhéz-éfg
Ayer anticipates at least 60 families can be converted by a Mission at Yellow Lake
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tappearstothemlikearenunciationofhhoirreligiOn(astheycallit)tozubnittoinstructionorzuuffartheirchildrento.ItitnotatallsurprisingthattheyshOuldfeelthuo..Theyarealmostallgrosslylyncrsntofovoxythlng‘connectod‘withdivinetruthbut'afewofthemeye:havingbeen:wheretheyhadnnopportuni:yofhaarinzof
Ayers says that moving onto a Mission feels like giving up their Native religion
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cnewigowawhohavechildrenwillprobablystaytheHummerat-ten@;tqinstructionandsendtheirchildrentoschool
Ayer says widows with children are more likely to stay and send their kids to school
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Thereisbutlittleprospectthatmanyofthemwillbebenefit—todmuchbyvhattheyheariftheycannotbeinducedtosettledown&cultivatethegroun
Ayer doesn't think Christianization will work unless the bands settle down and cultivate land rather than roaming for most of the year
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Onaccountofthoextremencmrcityofnrovinioneherotheycouldnotremainion-er
the school on the Yellow Lake Mission doesn't have provisions for students to stay long
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heywouldretaintheircustoms&habitsIftheGreatSpirithaddeaignadtheyshouldbeinstructedtheywouldhavehadhiawordcommunicatedtothanbefore.."TheGreatSpiritdesignedtheyahouldhaveadifforentreligion"nmofromnhoWhites
This is how Ayers describes the decision of the Ojibwe band to not listen to Christian teachings
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erewelefttochooseweshouldpreferhrE.ec‘woarewellacquaintedwithhim,andknowthatourvieweonthesubjectofplinlivingandvarioussubjectsconnect-edwithmissionaryOperationsharmoniz
Ayer expects Ely to close his Mission near Sandy Lake because not many Natives settle there and requests that Ely be sent to Yellow Lake because he has similar views to the Ayer Mission Family
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willbeverydesirableundersuchcircumtttnoeeinourunsettleditetetohaveamolefella:laborrwhoinadditiontoschooltoohingwillsuperintendtheconcorno0hi.Iall]ainstructtheIndia
Ayer requests another male for the Mission to teach and superintend while he [Ayer] is away
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referdenyingour—selveotheuseofthemnodiminishourexpensesandhavemoretobestowupontheneedyIndiana
the Mission Family decides not to spend money on clothing, tea, coffee, pies, cakes, butter, lard, or fancy dishes in order to give more to "the needy Indians"
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Thebilloftrans-portation&provisionsaregreatastheynecessarilymuetbeforafamilysofarintheinteri
expensive for a Mission Family to live so deep in the region
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IhaveoftennoughtdirectidnxoftheLordandampersuadedthatthein-terestofthemissionnonldventuallybemuchpromotedifweshouldobtainthissituation."
this remark indicates that Ayer is primarily concerned with improving the condition of the Natives through the building of a Mission in this region
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emustbuildundergreatdisedventn:oses7:muotbuild,almostwhollyinthewintermetheDrcanhaveFor‘1nve"]nonomenafterthemonthoflarch
Yellow Lake Mission has to be build almost entirely in the winter because of the availability of men to help build
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heIndiansfrequentedthoselakestotakefishmuchmorebeforetheestablishmentofthetradinghouse(3yearseince)thannow.IffishShauldincreasetheIndianscouldbemoreeaeilyinducedtolocateherethannee
Ojibwe bands around Yellow Lake fish less after trading post is established - higher population of fish could entice them to move into a Mission more now than it has in the past
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IthinkImntionedinmyformeroomntheun-dosirablanesaofnavina“lesion‘ttionintheneighbourhoodofatradingbonusona/oofthenoral3'tilonoothatreignsaroundthem
Ayer does NOT want a mission near a trading post because "of the moral pestilence that reigns around them"
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Hewillnotprobablyconsenttoourccoiliogohthe2tSroi~vhoic1ccontemplatedasitisoncollenthunting“£xound,tthIndionskillinginthefallgroatnumhoroofba
Ayer suspects the Yellow Lake band won't give up land on the St. Croix because it is good hunting ground
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S.HalltoDavidGreene,LaPointe,November7,1833
Hall writes to Greene to tell him what the Mission needs: books, medicine, clothing, shoes
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MissCookhashadthewholechargeoftheschool.Sheismuchdevotedtotheinterestsofthechildren
Miss Cook is the teacher at La Pointe in November 1833
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hisisaverydesirablequalityinallMissionariesamongtheIndiansinthisregionandparticularlyinfemales
Mrs. A bonds quickly with the Native women and girls, teaching them how to knit
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hisisthenrsttimethatIhaveknownofhispretensionstotheDictators
A Native son of the late chief Shing Up, doesn't like that the Ely's are building on a certain spot, Ely calls it a dictatorship
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eplanwhichwehaveformedwouldplaceourordainedmissionary&hiswife,withaninterpreterafemaleteachers,&perhapsanotherfemalehelper,atLaPointe;acatechistandafemaleteacheratYellowLake;&anordainedmissionary&amaleteacheratSandyLake,withtheexpectationthattheformerwillvisitLeechLake,&perhaps,spendaconsiderableportionoftheyearthere,preparingthewayforapermanentestablishmenttherenext
proposed division of labor for the various missions: ordained missionary, his wife, an interpreter, female teachers (La Pointe): catechist, female teacher (Yellow Lake): ordained missionary, male teacher (Sandy Lake and Leech Lake)
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oardtoprovidebuildingsandteachers&thatallthescholarsboardedbesup-was“Pmmxefomuwamug“'K’twGossamer“mus‘ot.edPurihd.portedAinthismannertomaintaina‘goodfoundationforascho
While Hall and Boutwell hope that the parents would provide for their children, they understand that much of that work/cost would come from the school
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hersthatLeechLakeistheplacetolocateamissionforthatIsectionofthecountry
I think this is saying that Mr. Ayer thinks Leech Lake, not La Pointe, is the best spot for a mission because so many different bands congregate there
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Mr.Hallmaybeinformed,thathisundertakingisnotonlysanctioned,butcordiallyapproved
Department of war approves a Mission as well
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Mr.S.hasgivenrepeatedassur—anceofhisentireapprobationoftheobjectoftheBoardinsend-ingmissionariestotheseIndians,andhasconstantlyexpressedawillingnesstoaideverywayinhispowerinadvancingthework.WecannotbutregarditasfavourableindicationondivineProvidence,thatheentertainsanopinionsofavourabletomissionaryoperationsher
Schoolcraft wants a Mission
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wouldnotbelessthan$3,000,norexceed$3,500
expected costs for a school at La Pointe is $3000-$3500
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Mr.Warrenhasdoneallthisforusverycheerfully,butweoughtnottodependuponhimsomuchinfutureforthgesthing
the current mission at La Pointe is funded by Mr. Warren - local bands consider it his Mission instead that of the Board
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avethestationat,ornear,thetradingpost.TheInd-ianscollectmostaroundtheseplace
the best place for a mission is around a trading post because it acts as a congregation point for many of the Ojibwe bands
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heIndiantitletothislandisextinct,havingbeencededtotheCadottefamilybytheIndia
the Natives cede land (surrounding Lake Superior?) to Cadotte Family (Mission Family?) Hall and Boutwell think this means no more land needs to be asked of the Natives
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Itisthereforeofthefirstimportancethatthemission—ariessenttothiscountryshouldpossessthemselvesoftheOjibwalanguageassoonaspossible
missionaries should speak Ojibwe
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heschoolsshouldbetaughtpiinoipallyinthenativelanguage.Itisinvaintoattempttoin—troducetheEnqllehlanguageextensivelyamongtheseIndians.Theyhavetoolittleintercoursewiththosewhospeakit,torenderitanobjectforthemtolearni
Hall and Boutwell don't suggest teaching english at the schools - rather French
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hemissionaryshouldfollowtheIndian’inhiswanderingsandpreachtohimthegospel
it should be the job of the missionary to travel with the Native and preach
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heyshouldbemadeakindofcentralpointforeachsectionoftheocuntry
the placement of the missions should be central to each band
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hepacificdispositionoftheIndianstowardsthewhitepeople.T
Hall and Boutwell think the Natives will take kindly to the White settlers
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r.Cakeswouldbegladtohaveamissionstationinhisdepartm
the general consensus among the traders and clerks is that they would like a mission in their area of the region
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eseasoninwhichtheIndianwouldbeathisgarden,istheoneinwhichthetraderwouldratherhewouldliestillthantohunt
the schedule that the traders desire does not line up with the practices of the Natives
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heheadtradersundertheA.F.Companywouldgenerallyfavourmissionsinthiscountry.Mostofthemwouldencouragemissionariestocomehere,andsomeofthemwouldcontributeconsiderabletotheirsupp
traders encourage missions and missionaries
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thereforemucheasiertoproducesuchaconversionastheCatholicsaimtoeffect,thantoconvertthemtrulytothegosp
it will be easier for the missionaries to convert just the image of the Native to Christian, rather than to convert their actual faith
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ithanIndian,atraditionorcustomwhichisgivenhimbyhisfathers,issacre
Patriarchal traditions are said to be sacred to the Ojibwe
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eathensuperstitions,towhichtheyarestronglyattached,andwhihhisagreathindrancetotheirreceivingthegosp
The religion of the Natives gets in the way of the Christianizing process
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atifmissionestahlishmentsaremaintained,withwhichschoolsaremaintainedconnected,theseschoolsmustbesmall,unlessprovisionismadeinpartatleast,forthemainte~nanceofscho
if missions and schools are to be established in this region, they must be willing to stay small with circulating students, or have provisions to provide for students when their parents leave
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LacduFlanbeaumightbeapproachedbytheOuisocuein;YellowLake,bytheSt.Groin;andSandyLake,LeechLakeandalmostalltheIndianbandsinthatdirection,bytheMississippianditsuppertributa
how to access each band via waterway
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ostpartsoftheinteriorcountrywhereitwouldbedesirabletoestablishmissionstations,mightperhapsbeapproachedeasierfromtheMississippithanfromLakeSuperio
the interior of the region is more easily accessed by the Mississippi River than by Lake Superior
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Religiousinstructionmustbegivenwheretheycanbefound,ifat
because the Ojibwe don't settle in one place, Christianization is difficult
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wecouldgaintheiru..‘confidenceenoughtosecuretheirchildrentobetaught,manywouldundoubtedlybeinducedtolisten.tothegos
Hall and Boutwell think that securing the education of mixed children will solidify the christian gospel in the region
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Thisinter-coursehasbecomesocommon,thatatpresent,aconsiderableshareoftheIndianpepulaticninsomepartsofthecountry,isofmixedbre
trade brought in frenchmen from Canada, which in turn is creating a mixed population in some parts of the region
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Thereisno+doubtthatthetradecarriedonwiththeseIndians,isanadvantagetothem.Indeedtheycouldnotexistwithoutit,intheirpresentmodeoflife,andthescantyresouneswhichthecountryatpresentaffords.
Ojibwe bands in the area could not survive without trade - according to Mr. Hall and Mr. Boutwell
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hiscircum—stanceisfavourabletochristianeffortinthiscount
anticipated influx of people into the Great Lakes region is expected to be good for Christianization efforts
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nacarexpeditionagainsttheirenemies,thewarpipeissent.Thisistheinvitation.Ifit‘ieaccepted,thepartyispledgedtojoinintheexpedition.Thedifferentbandsseldomornevermakewaroneachother.Theyarelesssavageandferociousthanmanyofthetribeswhichhavebeenfoundonourfrontiers.Theyhaveseldombeenknowntocommitoutrageousactsofbarbarityexceptwhenprovokedtoit.Theyseekrevengeformurderbysheddingblood
ojibwe war rituals involve no in-fighting, and revenge for members of their band's that are killed
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heexpensesofthecurrentyearmustbesomewhatmore.
why would the expenses be more, if the first year they had to buy their furniture?
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gurfamilya§mgresentconsistsofninepersons,includingourhe
mission family at La Pointe has 9 people, including interpreter and people who work agriculture
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“isfiedwith.fewmonthsinthefamily.Lastspring,inordertomakeexperi-mentoftheconfidenceoftheIndiansinus,andtoexhibitmorefullybeforethem,theadvantagesofcivilizedoversavagelife,wetookintoourfamilytwochildr
the Mission Family took two Native children into their care to show the Natives how civilized life is better than their savagery
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ehavefoundthemosteffectualwayofpreachingtotheIn-dianstobefromhousetohous
visiting houses is the most effective way for the missionaries to Christianize
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eetingthechild-renandotherswhoweredisposedtoco
on Sabbaths when there was no interpreter, the children and anyone else free was collected to read scripture to
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eligiousexerciseontheSabbathfortheIndians
Sabbath exercise for the Natives at La Pointe
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mall,seldomexceedingtwentyscholars,andalargepartofthetimenotabovetwelveorfifteen.Onthereturnofthetraders,shouttheletofAug.itnumberedsomewhatmore.Severalchildrenwereleftbyclerksinthefam—iliesatthisplacetoattendschool.AfterthereturnoftheIndiansfromtheirgardens,aboutthefirstofSept.itnumberedthirtyormore,endaveraged25.FromthefirstofNov.whentheIndiansleft.fortheirfishinggrounds,mostoftheIndianboysleftalso,andhaveattendedbutlittlesince.Atthepres-enttimeitnumbers23,andaverages30."ithoneexceptiontheconductofthescholarshasbeenasgoodascouldbeexpected.
at the school in La Pointe, the numbers of students varied depending on the time of year and whether or not the children were needed to work at the gardens, or fish (the boys left and most didn't return to school)
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choolwasopenedwhich/"1hgzigontinuedWithlittleinterruptiontothepres
School opened at La Pointe in fall 1831
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Mr.BoutnellremainayearatMackinaw,toassistHr.F.inthatmission,andtostudytheOjibwalanguage..Ou
Mr. Boutwell stayed at Mackinaw for a year to assist with the mission there and learn the Ojibwe language
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roceedtoMrWarren‘spost,atLaPoints,onLakeSuperior,whi
Mr. Hall, Mr. Ayer, Mrs. Hall, and Mrs. Campbell (interpreter) traveled to La Pointe on Lake Superior
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outhsideofLckeSuperio
the 1831 tour was focused on Natives on the south side of Lake Superior
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hathasbeenaccomplished,thepresentstateoftheccuntryoccupiedbytheChippewaIndians;thuircondition,character,andnodeoflife;obstaclesandencouragemente_totheintroductionofthegospelandciviliza-*—tion-emonqthen;andourviewsrespectingtheplanofoperation,which,inthepresentstateofthecountryseemstobecalledf
purposes of the report: report what they Hall and Boutwell accomplished, report on the condition/character of the Chippewa Indians, the pros and cons of a Mission with these Natives
Tags
- missionaries
- Department of War
- Lau du Flambeau
- Mr. Ayer
- Sabbath
- Native Religion
- ely
- widows
- Frenchmen
- La Pointe
- Chippewa
- school
- agriculture
- childcare
- Mackinaw
- Mr. Hall
- Miss Cook
- ojibwe war rituals
- mission family
- missions
- Sandy Lake
- Mr. Greene
- Native customs
- trade
- relationships
- childhood (home)
- White Religion
- childhood
- language
- Christianization
- Mrs. Hall
- Mr. Boutwell
- Lake Superior
- Leech Lake
- Mrs. Campbell
- war
- Mr. Warren
- Ojibwe trade
- LP School
- family
- Mr. Ely
- Yellow Lake
- Mrs. A
- HR Schoolcraft
Annotators
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Local file Local file
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ShermanHalltoAaronHallJr.September30,1832,LacDuFlambeau,Sept30,1832
in this letter Hall describes the living condition at La Pointe
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ShermanHalltoDavidGreene,Sept28,1832,LacduFlambea
in this letter Hall says that the Mission needs a teacher and lists the requirements for the teacher
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randIslandBand110'ThebandsontheSt‘Groin&initsvicinityPresqueIsle20RestMr9.visitedlastsummer&thereforenneorKineuinEn116didnotmakemneetimateaswepassed.IKntinégen37hepetoobtaintheeinuteenumbersfromhitLaPoint184hereafterasheisunabletorecallthem.FondduLee193RedLakeeMilLaowedidnotvisit.SandyLake280TheseestimatesIthinkcangenerallybeLakeXinipeg108relieduponU.R.0.orGeesLake150RedLake35
List of the population sizes and locations of different bands of Ojibwe People
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ReedseveralInd.Hymns,thiehIsungtothem.Aftersingingonetheseconddrthirdtimeoneortwoyoungmenjoined&tomysurprise,sungitquitewell.Theyaredelighted&surprisedtohearhymnssungintheirownlanguag
Boutwell sings hymns in the Ojibwe language, which surprises the Natives
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hebeat’01"theIndra;dnmi;if:t'‘.h.‘.~.-''“S:‘.ig.‘at":‘J2‘3.H,i1‘3”‘3‘”“1017915'15850.her?-.-“FM?oiéiéha115111.61ofj”t1i§:¥a&;259§£liv.:nghe‘1éWatt
Boutwell calls the Natives savages and essentially without religion
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aptJe
Captain Jewitt -Indian agent -Surveyor General of Missouri
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noldJquanthiéjmorn.L§é%tgpickgi@f;&Vfro:.littlbunildahagg,Whilsieotlfnnghi"ngfnnh?&11%n13girlp:Fingfroatheoldwomanshe1..hengnnnudnanénagogdlynumbers1sh;wowluEliathemtohprmotherW109t:nhom,pnéxbntlywithagéadrI.Vv,“{J:.‘_’n‘‘~.1911311.
squaw picks lice out of child's head while another child picks lice from her head - lice is eaten after
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iatinguiSEOd.batni§”na§F§hba:fdnght':~,..:#1:?)‘'*bahsrnth~0317u01&.theSiouxatnalatturofwh~mwegrin%le&guaziththePox&.a.TheOjibuosi~am-naéd-waaa-gieiégéenagahawere_ledby"rJohnston'sGrand-Fathei&listihgnished0h1e£?6n_tnquothérp,_-i‘‘;.1‘Van\‘.-r'.LefttheInllsat7A.:.&ascendedasuriemof“§ééigéwhichageaide,wereVictori
Old Battle between Ojibwe and Sioux/Fox/Saoko(?) - Ojibwe won
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LittlcGrowisconsidered.onec:themostinfiuennal(mi:sz“inthoQiouxnation
Little Crow (Sioux Chief) = extremely influential
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urgeonmooisaWood--1113wuc19.tm~11]1-wayintheF
Dr. Wood's wife is the only woman at Fort Snelling
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FortSmelling
Fort Snelling: where St. Peters and Mississippi intersect
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sdesirousofaschoolatornearhisgoat,&lof£er§<$odéVall,inhispowertoaidinoaae.apersonissenthere
Schoolcraft wants a school in this area and will work with Boutwell to make it happen (at Red Lake over Sandy Lake because of the land is better at Red Lake)
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cthomant'ic‘igpat'eekInag’nvaaiw.''‘.z.‘--:“".w.':’.r‘r".‘..1'~hecouldnotgivemean31mm:towhatI.ghgugmonylrel‘atmc:to_p;.—v..Vf,_a..f»'1“:2”?».13},."’.['5'."f...schoolamonghispeople,as.someofLikehisprincipinr'monmore.not;-.‘r.‘«‘.‘‘‘i‘a'i.‘h-'I‘a'‘.3”‘'""dm:-:9?A-J'1'.3-.4"‘present,27110121126:mustfirstcdnsulf
Sandy Lake Chief has the same response as the Principal Man at the Red Lake - not every one is present to discuss the possibility of a Mission on their land
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reasatLeechLakerequestedthatgiéiixji‘itely:ofthe:U.States)would06nd.someonetofi‘int,.,'44Iw»3L.1,..K.;-v;-..-,.'.‘....'3";‘betweenthem8:thoSiouxe.
The chief of the Sandy Lake Band requests that the US President send someone to define the lines between the Ojibwe and the Sioux
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litkleifanyproopootthatamissionOOUIdbeestablishedalongthematprooen
Boutwell doesn't seem confident that a Mission could be established right now (war mainly I think)
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U.Ra3.orCaseinaLakebond,whichisbut45or50me.dtent-RedLakebendinutaboutthreeduyemarch,SandyLakeaboutt9some,&inipigaboutthemea11thGeesLake.Itiscentralinreletion.totheseneighuaoringhandswitheachofwhichtheyhvefrequentintercourseatalltoasoneofthef
the Mission is to be built at the URC (Cassina Lake Band) because it is central in location to the Red Lake Band, the Sandy Lake Band, and the Winipig
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heseclerksareoftenmen,whoeremorevile&treacherousthantheInda.themselves
the clerks from the trading posts (sent by Aitkin) are described as worse than the Natives in terms of civility
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hisbandisconsideredthelargest&perhapstheoatWerlike1nthewholeOjibuenatio
this particular band of Ojibwe's is considered the largest and most warlike in the whole Ojibwe Nation (706 + ~100 on an island)
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ucalluschildren.isarenotohildrn.bunman
from here until the bottom of the next page, Boutwell repeats the speech the Chief gave to the tour about their war against the Sioux Main Points: the war is to avenge the death of men, women, and children killed by the Sioux
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Seneoas,Oneidas&StockbridgeInd
Missionaries also currently at villages in Canada, as well as with the Senecas, Oneidas, and Stockbridge Bands
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Manyofthem"toretheinsignia.ofaddress:Syst‘r‘ip.5%poleost—skinroundthehead&heels,thebushytailoftheanimalsoattachaitotheletter10todragonthewround.Thecrownofthehadwasornamentedwithstandingfeathers,indicatingthenumberofenem
Boutwell describes in detail the appearance of the Natives surrounding the Chief
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heonlycommunicationisbytheHissipi.
the Mississippi River provides the only means of communication
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hisbandisfarremovedfromallpresentcatholicinflu
while this particular Ojibwe band shows signs of civilization, they are "far removed from all... catholic influence"
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nquirywasputtotheprincipalmen,theChiefbeingabsentEAgouldyouliketohaveahiseionarycome&livewithyou,instructyourchildren&tellyouaboutGod”?
Boutwell (author) finally asks the question of the principal man (chief is gone) - if they would like a missionary to come and live with them, to instruct their children and teach them all about god? Principal man says only the chief can answer it
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Lakert’pinc‘a'niteuin,1.6.whereHwykilledus.ItissonamedfromtheSioux'ehereonchemurderingswholefamilyofOjihues
Lake Topinoniteuin (where they killed us) - a band of Sioux killed an entire Ojibwe family
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Siouxembankmen
at this part of the river, the Sioux have set up a hiding spot where they can easily kill anyone travelling by the river
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ecountryherehaslostalltheoharactereisticsofyesterdaysnotice
as the tour travels along the Mississippi River, the scenery constantly changes, from luscious to desolate and everything in between
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wasperformedaroundthegravesofthede
the scalp dance was performed around the graves of the deceased Ojibwe
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tWM‘Lodbrthrow“qu-3,r;.1hearinginh.oneoftherecent30.11139.
the "scalp dance" to celebrate the recent victory over the Sioux is led by three Squaws
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301’13:213Inm'a‘olatolearng-jfthéizaef‘indééera'é'erhmny'human)"uKindtothe8101:8:infirm,thoiigh"t‘heipe‘érapage‘s:theirWandermerciesarecrue
author perceives the Ojibwe as being fair to their sick and elderly, except for a few cases were "their 'tender mercies are cruel'"
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thelodgedirectlybefore.‘eeresuspenéledthreehuman.scalpe.Th
the scalps of the killed Sioux hang in a lodge in the encampment they visit
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3Ihadnot[enjinterpreu'.bar,(ImaunabletocommunicatemuchmorethantoredsuchortioneofScrip.ghymns3.3werefamiliarton
Does this mean that he has memorized some parts of scripture in the Native language of the people?
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saweqthfromthefeet,thatshe3.1...mysmakesthearden,in0.5muchastheInd.dagge-itde'gmja'dtnghim“elftouseM9435thehueorMS
the women are the only ones who work the garden because the men find it degrading to use a hoe or axe
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113ourcanoeswereunind§gg,ton€ergotingé
He is unclear about who performs the labor of unloading the canoes and pitching the tents while he walks
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Thisband'gif:cetidlat’é‘ci"at106.Thereareabout35huntersheren
the band of Natives that entertains the party has 106 members, 25 of whom are hunters
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lielandimmediatelyaboutthePostisforthemootpartlge,butofathemouthofaconsiderableetreamtogoodquality.Thecorn,peaspotatoeslook~wel3&squgheoalllook3e11,altoasmallyardoftobacco
small farm near Trading Port
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ioux'acametothetradingpostatPambipén§itn§?etheyaétlpéd.achildafl
Sioux party came to Pombinau trading post and killed a child - revenge was had by Ojibwe's who killed 4 of the Sioux Party
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‘nanhagJusta:ivedfromLeech.§ake,who1n£ormé~--‘-3_usorthereturnofthqPillagerafromtheirgtarpgxphrsigntuThagimhta'A‘s;-\‘l11.5;gf.“.u-3?V.‘''“‘."45:413‘LawarpartyoftheSioux'aAbothpartiesdennetoaqégeatorgfotedgqth.TheOjibuealostonoman,&killedthreeSionijgitnoéé's¢a1nénéhggf'his.usthat-téhnérty.H,*broughthomerejoici
man arrives to the party from Leech Lake Pillagers from a war excursion Ojibwe's lost one man, Sioux lost 3 men (their scalps were brought home to celebrate the success)
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Readafewhymns&portionsof"cripturetoaforInde.who0-companynotowhichtheyalllistenedattentively.PresentedalittletracttooneofthemfromwhichIread.Hethankedmo&commaftertomakemesomereturn,cametowithsome(pakueiégn)theleavesofarunningvino.hichthey’ry&smoke.At4-P.’.0011ctedthelads.&Frenchmen-~read,sang&pryedwiththem.chorerofrainobliged-ug-teinterrugtedmewhileiddreaeingthem
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dqrh.ismostlyobtainedatRedLakefromthelads.whotherecultivateittoconsiderableextent.
some sort of food is obtained at Red Lake from the Natives there (I can't read what it is)
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HehasIamtolnrising[1}30headofhornedcattle,threehorses&15swine.Hehasfrom15to80acresoflandenclosed&underiprovement.Hecultivatespotatoesbarley&posse.Iamtoldheraised6or700buuhelaofpotatoeslastseason.Hisfieldsnotpromiseagoodcroporpotatoes.Hisgroundwhichhesowedwithpasse&barleyarenotflooded&thecrapmostlydestroyed.Hedependswhollyuponwildheyforhisstockinthewinter,&whichhemayetherhereinalmostanyquantit
description of Mr. A's land/house, out of which he conducts trade and grows his own food
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Youmaythereforeinfersomeoftheobstscles,besidestheriskofproperty&life,whichtheInd.traderhastosurmount
There are many difficulties a trader must endure
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istanceofabout140milesfromFondduLacpostincanoes,e750fromMac
this trade port is 140 miles from Fond du Lao department and 750 miles from mack
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he.principalpartofthebandarenotabsent,someattheirfishingeothersattheirhuntinggroun
The majority of this Native band is either hunting or fishing
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ourpostsaresetinthegroundfrom7to9feethigh,bymeansofwhichasortofscaffoldisraised&uponwhichintheopenairthecoffinisasisséestplace
how the Natives bury the dead - raised above ground
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hesoldiershavebeenemployeethegreaterpartofthedayincomingupwiththeirbaggage&canoestoourencampmen
From this statement it appears that only the men of power truly practice the Sabbath, implying that the true practice of the Sabbath by the Natives is not as important as a conditioning toward the Christian "values"
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tone.momentourmenweresingingsomeInd.hymn-thenextaeongordancingtune-thenextmomentanInd.vauldbegintothumphiedrun&oing,thathemightmakehispartofthenoise,&rendertheSceneofconfusionmoreperf
a combination of Christian Sabbath and Native participation (with their own traditions)
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AnoldInd.incompanywithus,passingalargestonerisinoutofthemiddleoftheriverlefthisofferingoftobaccotothe(Henito)spirit.
Native offers tobacco to Menito spirit on the river
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Achildoffendedanoldshunt,uponwhichsheseizedafire-brandtothrowatit
discipline appears strange and unusual to author
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oseethemeatisenoughtodisgustforeverahungryman.Allcollectaroundthekettleorbigbirch-barkdisheeachuseshisfingersorwholehandJustwhichhefindsmosttohisadvantage.Childrenasnakedastheywereborn,savethecloth.rcundtheloine&hungrydogssittingontheirhindlegswiththeirnosesoverthedishin-tentlywatchingeverymotion&staringyourintheface.allthis.couldbeendured,buttoseeasquatlickakettlecoverbothindiameter&circumference,thisismorethaneverywhitemanchuldwellendure
here the author provides some insights into the eating habits of the Natives, describing it as disgusting, mentioning the naked children and how the mothers lick the lids of the pots
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ButafterallthereisnotsogreatadifferencebetweentheseInds.&ourvoyageursasonemightsuppose.fortheyoftenreoievetheirrationofflourintheirpockethandkerchieforhat
provisions are received by Natives and soldiers alike in dirty clothes
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oraretheequatenegl(cted,whohavecutdone,byfa
The Mothers are said to have done more work than any North English Yankee and even more than some of the shoulders - implied that they did the work while carrying their children
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r8.heredistributedpresentstotheInde.mostofthemhavesidedusincarryin
Schoolcraft gave gifts to the male and female Natives who helped carry supplies
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ThesquatisoftenseenwithallthematerialsonherbackwhichmakethehouseInds.House,&thearticleswhichfurnishit,suchaskettles,woodenladies,drum,traps&axes&onthetapofalltheInd.cradleinwhichisboundthenursingchild,whiletheInd.isseldomseenwithmorethanhispipe,tobaccosack&musket
squaw carries materials for the Native homes on her back (wood, kettles, drums, traps, axes, ladles, etc) AND ALSO she carries her nursing child the men rarely carry more than a pipe, tobacco, and a musket
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heyoungmenalllookthiseve.likecrestfallenfowls,tosay-nothinghowtheyfee
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unfrequentlytheInd.cradleishungslungtopofall,thehoopofwhichdefendsthechildehead,projectingsohighastooatheverybushnowdrippingwiththerain&shakeitwellintothechildsface.Asthemothercannotwellleavethenursingchild,itmustridebothways,sothatshehasnotthereliefofavoyageur,whotakesbreathinreturningbackforanotherlo
Cradles are carried up the path as well as pork and flour The mothers can't just set their children down while they work, they are forced to carry their babies with them as they make trips to carry all the foodstuffs to the next point
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twothirdsofthesettlementisunder'Epis.influ.ence.Healsogivesitashiso>inion,thattheprinciplemenoftheH.BayDepartment,wouldfavour&aidinMissionaryoperation
2/3 of Red River Settlement is under Episcopal influence, and David Aitkins believes the Hudson Bay Dept would favor and help to establish a mission
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ombinawabqut.sqMamfrom.IAthoQantlnmont..'*'-}"',:55I“."‘J”I.Ilq'jn,I-.'4vC-h-..,1Pew.includingFrench,halfwbreeda,Englichr'Sooth~éabcnm3000...‘-41’.3anyhiuhn~&twopriaata.Theyhavebutonezéah‘probg~e§t1m3teofsrnslsrufrom50to$0.rhavareTradnrsintheir1abor
Mr. David Aitkins (Brother of M Aitkins) visits Pombinaw often and says the population is 2000 and that they trade their labor
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pisnopaluhuguhLJvct«r'1'31..1ricuhave,(ousraJones&Cochran.ErJonesisaSolohmun,¢mwdoftalents,&officiataaaschaplainforthsdudaonaBayCompa
Red River Settlement as two Episcopal Missionaries: M Jones (who is a wolohuan (Man of Talents) and chaplain for the Hudson Bay Company) and M Cochran
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86tendsatleach30m3.oneachaid;ofther1Vcr
Red River Settlement is at least 60 miles expanding across the River
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hispost133oncetheheadquartersof.hatiscalledthe“onduLac;opurtment.MrMorisonthanconotedtheInd,trdointhisDepartment&madethisplaoohishomeforsomeyearsprevioustohisleavingtheind.country.Thebuildingsarenewinamiserablestutu,consistoftwodwollinghouses,onefortheclerk&theotherforthomen,a-zmlllstable,&alargestorehouaeforgoodq&furs.Allrrubuiltoflogs&coveredwithcedarbark.‘r‘orisonenclosedaboutisor30auraswhichheimproved,inraisingcorn,potatoes&othervegetables.The3011larioh%easyofcultivation.11dhayinanyquantitynaybeobtainedfromtheprairiebanksofthet.Louis.Kr.H.Iamtoldkeptalargestockofcattle.HrCote,aFrenchman,13thenrosontclerk.
Mr. S comes to what was once Fon du Lao department where a Mr. Morison conducted trade with the Natives. it is now run down and run by Mr. Cote, a French man. The land is still good for agriculture.
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negéiééAi§k1nn,rel-ativatotheH3dlivertathl,ment.',,;_"Hr‘illiulA..itkin,astimatasnnepop;at3f0r74990;1Thereist3oneBishop3tvoorthraopri:st
the Red River Settlement according to Mesers Aitkins: 3-4,000 residents, including 1 bishop and 2 priests
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hoWoniduL10BandisontheinorepaeintheEatimationofthatradaru.Theu~m23ofnbresprincipleJhicfs"re"ongozga,thoLoongfoot,“kinguptic“pruas,&lndlbona.a,littlehead.’Totalofnon,1010n&children133
The Fond du Lao Band is growing Chiefs: Skingup (the Spruce), Indibons (the little head),and Mongozia (the Loons Foot), the total population is 193
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Thcayare1f.umm:moreas;dad11ha‘its&Lntauébn'jchéntheInd.himself.‘heru13hagalyona'xongthemthgt;cqn.ré;dxérritehiso
He goes on to explain how the Natives might be more civilized even than the French
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35fluanceofE:A.thevialhasbeen1n4daside&cardsareintroduced9init”Lno.Sub.Juno3%.Tri;€77.thqunxun.LzuplaceintkagrLtdxhvtoIuoidk3.5"&dancing.ln:rcisnomaxi.ngJxlncaofSab.améqétnaée’cathoioFrenchman,bnanamongthelads.themselves.
the author compares the lack of respect for the Sabbath of the french to how the Natives treat the Christian practice
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Thebulletsiatledthroughtha'irovermgrheads3buoygaveusasalute
encampments of Natives fire rifles over the heads of the white visitors as a way of welcoming them
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awar~paxtyharegone*fromLeashLakeagainsttheSioux'a.TheparnyconsistsOf160strong.TnoaeInds.&theirdamiliesareontheirta}tLhaan
A war party has recently passed where the missionaries are camping, they are going from Loeoh Lake against the Sioux
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10or13onlyattend&thosenotregul
the school on the mission only has 10-13 irregular attending students
Tags
- missionaries
- christianize
- mothers
- agriculture (Native)
- Little Crow
- Native Religion
- labor
- food
- Mr. Morison
- White women
- territory
- Red River Settlement
- agriculture
- childcare
- Pombinaw
- Mesers Aitkins
- civility
- missions
- Sandy Lake
- mississipi river
- Native customs
- Chiefs
- communication
- trade
- Mr. Cote
- Fond du Lao Band
- Ojibwe
- Natives
- similarities
- Native Women
- war
- religion
- education
- Jones
- Cochran
- Sioux
- family
- HR Schoolcraft
- Fort Snelling
- Red Lake
Annotators
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- Jul 2019
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Local file Local file
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Onabluffaf’vyard;:3ourr1ht19asmallplatofroundwhichtheInds.h&v6plunntiwithpobtbosawhichaiojuqtmakingnheirappearancefromtherrmmd
Natives planted potatoes which are now sprouting
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Liout.HayfieldofthePoymlNavyAfewyearssince,surveyedthecoastsofSuperior&Huronamadethisclustertoconqistortwentytwa
They are in the area surrounding lake Superior and Huron
- a Lieutenant Bayfield of the Royal Navy has surveyed them previously and found a "cluster to consist of twenty two"
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- Jun 2019
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Local file Local file
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guébhInini,'th§pibusnativefratthe"antremainsatthePointwithBr.H.&ItruatwillbeofmuchAidinimpartinganin—tcrusttothereligioua'meetinga,ashecanuddreeatheInds.&prayintheirosnlangu
Poguoch Inini stays with Mr. H to pray to the Natives in their own language (but not their religion)
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heInds.have:ehbampon.thisIsland,froasuperatitiouaideatheyentertain‘tksitsbaingtharesidenceofthebadSpir
expedition sees Spirit Island, which is uninhabited by Natives because of belief of a bad spirit there
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heSchoolissmallr-10or13onlyattend&thosenotregular.Itismuchembarrusoodforthewunhof.ateacher,whosetimecanbemostlfdevotedtoit
the school at this area is small, with irregular attendance (from both students and teacher)
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heoats,barloypeas&potatoeslookwell&ffordtheromioef1goodcrop.Earthofi£:§;e§r.hasplantedasmallpieceofcornforanexperiment.Idoubtzhother-it,illcometomuch.Thegroundwasnotwellprepared.Ithinkhoweverthesoil,which131mixtureofrodclayesand,ifwellmanurcd,canbemadetoproducecorn.Thegrazeiszuffoxingmuchfortherentofr.in.thinduatry&econ—omyIamsatixfiedthatmost,ifnot111,ofthevegetablesnecessaryforthesupportofafamily,canberaisedhere
the writers notes how the cropland of Mr. W - with some "industry and economy" can be made to sustain a small mission family
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AfterDoct..vaccinatectheIndc.prezent,hoembarkedinacanoeforthenotoVaccinaho.la.werethe
at an exchange of gifts, the Natives present are vaccinated and those in the gardens are looked for to be vaccinated
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istorH111infinehalth&spirit
Same Hall as before with childbirth complications?
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isonthisrivarabout3ms.fromthemouthofwhichtththeInds.tolongin‘toth.LaPointband,maketheirgarden
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P.B
a young Native was denied marriage to a "squaw", who was instead "given" to a "half-breed" - the Native shot the half-breed, escaped custody and is at large
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PoguoohInini,thepiousnatIVe
the expedition has a religious interpreter - Poguoch Inini
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r8.nowtoldthem:hoIwas.&thatastheirfriend&hisfriend,hehadinvitedmotnaooo)anyhimonhisvisittot.Hespoketothemontheimportanceoftheirhaaeainglearnintotofcultivatingtheirlands&havinschoolsfortheirhildr.Ithenreadtothemsome'ortionaofScrip.fromtranlanwhichIhad&expressedtothem,throuhtheInterpreter,htohris.uubliowerenowdoingfor:eroftheirneoplo,&*h~ttheirfriendswouldarelongsendsomeonetoinstructtheir3hidron.&tellthemabout“0d&JanusChrist&heavoniftheydosiradit.-muatfirstcollootallbigband&tal‘TheChiefrepliedthihhehinaol.hadnochildren,ithathewiththembeforohecoul
the expedition expresses to the Natives the importance of cultivating their land and building a school, the writer reads them scripture
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isitfromtheirFather.Thisistheaxpollationbywhichthey11call1'3
one of the leaders of the expedition (Mr. C) is known to the Natives as their "Father"
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nhisneckhunghisdeceasedfathcrsmedal&silvergorge,thelatterofwhichwasintheformofahalf—moon.
son of dead chief wears his medals
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reachedtheInd.villageatthemouthoftheErwin.agan.ThechiefhoistedtheAmericanFlagasweneared,whilehis'youngmenstandbyviththcirmuskctatocivcustheaalune
Native "village at the mouth of the Antin-agon" - the chief raised an american flag and the young men saluted with muskets as the expedition approached
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AboutItA.H.hieut.Allencameup,havingenoampedsome13or14ms.inourrear.At3P.X.IpreachedinEnliahtoaboutonethirdofourpartyxAt59.3.mostofthemenassembledtowhomhrJohnstonreadaportionofScript.inFrenchfromabioh.Iremarked.HeafterwardsreadthetractentitledLooden;Chiming.Alllistenedwithmuchapparentintatght.ButIsoonwitnessedthatourroading&preach-ingN15ofbutlittleavail.Themensoongtéthihégitéfthoifsports,5..lv:heavingthequoit&treetling
expedition preaches and reads scripture to 13 or 14 Natives - they listen, but then return to their "sports"
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KineuinonPortage
expedition reaches Kineuinon Portage on June 17, 1832
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ogronourSiohagainstthoSioux's
Local tribes preparing for war against Sioux
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9nofnoagééio§k3“&IgoéoliéaufromLaoduFlambeou,onthoirraytoHainirgq;ffnr6gingormgusthatrhoIndo.
Mesars Oaks and Beaulieau from Lao de Flambeau, headed to Maokinaw
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menexetoPreaque~1ele,asmallbanddnuInég‘he&e;nQ§iha
Presque-isle, 30 Natives
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OurIndianmeetinghasbeenattendedbyafewonly,exceptthechildrenwhobelongtotheschool.TheIndians,whenhere,havenotfeltmuchinterestincomingtohear.Thehearershavebeenprincipallyfemaleswhichbelongtothecivilizedfamilieshere
most Natives don't come to meetings (only children and females of "civilized families"
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Mr.Warre
Mr. Warren helps provide for the mission; furniture, a cow, house space, firewood, produce from agriculture, labour
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Mrs.Hall,afterachildbedconnnement,hadaseverentofsicknessinconsequenceofanimposthumatedbreast.Shehasnowsofarrecoveredastoenjoycomfortablehealth,thoughshehasnotfullyregainedherstrength
Mrs. Hall was bed-ridden after a birth complication of an "imposthumated breast". She had a "severe fit of sickness" because of it, but returned to comfortable health, although not strength.
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DavidGreenetoShermanHallandWilliamBoutwell,Boston,June10,1832.[don'twanttoincurlargeexpensesontheinteriormissions.Providesguidelinesforminimizingcosts.First,thatthereshouldbenoboardingschoolsrunattheBoard'sexpense.]2.Theremustnotbelargesecularestablishments,agriculturalormechanical,connectedwiththecontemplatedmission.Theseestablishments,generally,incaseswheretheyhavebeenconnectedwiththestations,havescarcelysupportedthemselves;whiletheyhaverenderedlargemissionfamiliesnecessary,giventothestationsanappearanceofwealthandostentation,occasionedmuchperplexity&labor,&inmanycases,jealousies&dissentions.Ourmissionariesaregenerallywearyofthem,&disposedtorelinquishthe
repeat page
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Theremustnotbelargesecularestablishments,agriculturalormechanical,connectedwiththecontemplatedmission.Theseestablishments,generally,incaseswheretheyhavebeenconnectedwiththestations,havescarcelysupportedthemselves;whiletheyhaverenderedlargemissionfamiliesnecessary,giventothestationsanappearanceofwealthandostentation,occasionedmuchperplexity&labor,&inmanycases,jealousies&dissentions.Ourmissionariesaregenerallywearyofthem,&disposedtorelinquishthem
the mission itself shouldn't be large or have agricultural goals for itself, it's too much work and causes tension
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noboardingschoolsrunattheBoard'sexpense
Board shouldn't pay for schools
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LaPointe,YellowLake,Pokegama,(OjibweMissions)Schoolcraft,extractfromalettertoWilliamBoutwell,quotedinBoutwelltoDavidGreene,Mackinaw,March7,1832Itis,infact,onlyaswecanadvancetheirspiritualimprovement,thatwehaveanysurefoundationforamelioratingtheircivilcondition.H.R.SchoolcrafttoDavidGreene,SaultSte.Marie,February25th,1832.ObjectsconnectedwiththepoliticalconditionoftheChippewaysinhabitingtheupperMississippi,haveinducedtheDepartmentofWartonotifymethatitisdeemedimportantIshouldvisitthesebands,duringtheensuingseason.Theopportunitywillbefavourableforinquiringintotheirmoral,aswellaspoliticalnecessities.Andtheregionis,onseveralaccounts,averyattractiveneldofevangelicalobservation.HavingbeeninformedthattheAmericanBoardhavedirectedtheirattentiontothishithertoneglectedquarter,andthatitisinaccordancewiththeirwishestoprocureauthenticinformationrespectingit,IhaveinvitedtheRev'dMrBoutwelltoaccompanyme,feelingpersonally,adeepinterestinthesuccessoftheireffortstobettertheconditionoftheChippewanation.PlacedbytheGovernmentasanAgenttothispeople,theiradvancementinthescaleofmoral&accountablebeings,istome,anobjectofhighimportance.AndIknownotwhatcouldhavesodirectaninnuenceinraisingthemtothedignityoflife,astheintroductionofChristianity[sic].Iamquitesatisnedthattheirpolitical,mustresultfromtheirmoralmelioration.Andthatallourattemptsinthewayofagriculture,schooling&themechanicarts,areliabletomiscarry&producenopermanentgood,unlesstheIndianmindcanbepurinedbygospeltruth,andcleansedfromthebesettingsinofabeliefinmagic,&fromidolatry&spirit-worshi
repeat page
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PlacedbytheGovernmentasanAgenttothispeople,theiradvancementinthescaleofmoral&accountablebeings,istome,anobjectofhighimportance.AndIknownotwhatcouldhavesodirectaninnuenceinraisingthemtothedignityoflife,astheintroductionofChristianity[sic].Iamquitesatisnedthattheirpolitical,mustresultfromtheirmoralmelioration.Andthatallourattemptsinthewayofagriculture,schooling&themechanicarts,areliabletomiscarry&producenopermanentgood,unlesstheIndianmindcanbepurinedbygospeltruth,andcleansedfromthebesettingsinofabeliefinmagic,&fromidolatry&spirit-worship
the only way to improve all aspects of Native life (agriculture and politics mentioned) is to Christianize them calls their current practices "the besetting sin of the belief in magic" and "idolatry & spirit-worship"
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ObjectsconnectedwiththepoliticalconditionoftheChippewaysinhabitingtheupperMississippi,haveinducedtheDepartmentofWartonotifymethatitisdeemedimportantIshouldvisitthesebands,duringtheensuingseason.Theopportunitywillbefavourableforinquiringintotheirmoral,aswellaspoliticalnecessities.Andtheregionis,onseveralaccounts,averyattractivefieldofevangelicalobservation.HavingbeeninformedthattheAmericanBoardhavedirectedtheirattentiontothishithertoneglectedquarter,andthatitisinaccordancewiththeirwishestoprocureauthenticinformationrespectingit,IhaveinvitedtheRev'dMrBoutwelltoaccompanyme,feelingpersonally,adeepinterestinthesuccessoftheireffortstobettertheconditionoftheChippewanation
Board sent HR Schoolcraft to "neglected" Chippeway territory to gather information about the area (viability of missionaries?)
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tis,infact,onlyaswecanadvancetheirspiritualimprovement,thatwehaveanysurefoundationforamelioratingtheircivilconditio
missionaries saw "spiritual improvement" as the only way to civilize the Natives
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persontravelling[sic]inthisregion,isobligedtosubmittomanyinconveniences
travel is difficult: this passage narrates what a family must do to have some comfort on long distance travels
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persontravelling[sic]inthisregion,isobligedtosubmittomanyinconveniences.
travel is difficult in the region: this passage narrates the things each family does to have some level of comfort on long trips
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WeshallneverneedalargemissionfamilyheretoconductthestationonthepresentplanoftheBoard
only need / is sustainable for a small missionary family
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benentstheywouldderivefromhavingschoolsandinreceivingthegospel,andtoldthemtheadvantagesoftheircultivatingtheirland.TheysaidthatwhatIhadtoldthemwasalltrue,andverygood.
objectives: schools, gospel, land cultivation
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conversepleasantlyandfreely
no animosity reported
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twillbedifnculttokeepchildrenlongatschoolamongtheseIndians,unlesstheyarefed,onaccountoftheirmigratoryhabitsandthedifncultyofobtainingprovision.Manyofthemresideatseveraldifferentplacesduringtheyear
expect low attendance because of hunger and migration
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WithregardtoourprospectsforimmediatelybenentingtheIndians,Ihardlyknowwhattosay.
sent by the Board to educate them and build a school
Tags
- missionaries
- christianize
- meetings
- relationships
- presque-isle
- hunger
- agriculture (Native)
- HR Schoolcraft
- Mrs. Hall
- missons
- Native Religion
- crime
- Natives
- migration
- war
- education
- school
- religion
- Mr. Warren
- agriculture
- civility
- Sioux
- travel
- family
- sickness
- Board
- missions
- Kineuinon Portage
- medicine (White)
- Chippeway
- Native customs
- birth complication
Annotators
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