- May 2016
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juxtacommons.org juxtacommons.org
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Tears his white hair, Which the impetuous blasts with eyeless rage Catch in their fury and make nothing of; Strives in his little world of man to outscorn The to-and-fro-conflicting wind and rain. This night, wherein the cub-drawn bear would couch, The lion, and the belly-pinched wolf Keep their fur dry, unbonneted he runs, And bids what will take all.
This section of the gentleman’s answer to Kent’s question regarding the whereabouts of King Lear only exists in the quarto. These eight and a half lines constitute one of the largest differences between the quarto and folio versions of Act III. The gentleman gives us a preview of Lear’s madness in the heath—telling us how the storm strikes Lear and how he attempts to fight back against it—and then relates the scene to dangerous predatory animals that would usually hunt in the night and in the elements. He essentially says that even such fierce creatures are taking cover from the storm, yet Lear still runs in it, rages against it, and thinks the storm will listen and react to his words. The shorter response of the gentleman in the folio neglects to provide us with this in-depth preview of Lear’s actions in the storm.
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Contending with the fretful elements; Bids the wind blow the earth into the sea, Or swell the curlèd waters 'bove the main That things might change or cease.
In the folio, the gentleman answers Kent’s question about Lear’s whereabouts in a simpler manner. He just essentially discusses how Lear fights against the storm and entreats it to behave in a certain way. The four succinct lines set up the following scene (III.2) in which Lear both encourages and rages against the storm. These lines are also in the quarto, but in the folio, the word “element” in the quarto becomes plural as “elements,” and this small, one-letter change to make the word plural causes the storm to seem even bigger, stronger, and harsher. Without the next eight and a half lines that are only included in the quarto, the audience does not get an in-depth preview of Lear’s chaotic raging, and so the next scene, featuring Lear, is slightly more of a shock for the audience.
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Tears his white hair, Which the impetuous blasts with eyeless rage Catch in their fury and make nothing of
These first few lines in the gentleman's reply that are not in the folio are especially powerful in incorporating major themes that continue throughout the play. The reference to Lear's "white hair" shows the theme of age in the play that is often connected to Lear's madness, and the "impetuous blasts" foreshadow the apocalyptic language and scenes that personify Lear's madness as the great chaos of the storm. The adjective "Eyeless" to describe "rage" brings in the theme of seeing and not seeing--as well as of deception. The "eyeless rage" also just literally shows that the storm has no human or animalistic features and so obviously cannot respond to Lear's entreating. The use of the word "nothing" continues the theme of nothingness throughout the play, and the storm makes Lear's hair into nothing--just as almost everything in the play is reduced to nothing. Unfortunately, the folio version does not contain these lines and thus does not have these immense connections to the play's major themes.
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Here's a night pities neither wise man nor fool
It is interesting that, in the quarto version, the fool says "Here's a night pities neither wise man nor fool," while, in the folio version, the fool's sentence becomes plural: "Here's a night pities neither wise men, nor fools." When the sentence says "wise man nor fool," it seems that the fool implies that, of Lear and himself, one is a wise man and one is a fool--even though which character is the wise man or fool is not specified. When the sentence says "wise men, nor fools," it seems that the fool implies that, of Lear and himself, one could be wise, one a fool, or both characters could be wise men or fools. The situation seems a bit more vague. The answer to this question of characterization as wise or foolish is never explicitly answered in the quarto and folio versions of the play.
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smite
I think the difference between "smite" in the quarto and "Strike" in the folio is significant because "smite" has a much more severe connotation than "Strike." The quarto version of "smite" fits in better with the apocalyptic language used by the characters in the heath and with Lear's mental apocalypse in Act III--where Lear's madness is even personified in the absolute chaos around him. "Smite" also incorporates a biblical connotation that fits in with the hellish chaos of the storm when Lear is on the heath.
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thou, all-shaking thunder
Though simply a difference of line placement and a single comma, it is still significant that, in the quarto, a comma comes after "thou." The fact that there is a comma before and after "all-shaking thunder" in the quarto makes it an appositive phrase, and clarifies that Lear is directly addressing the thunder--an entity that has no ability to listen and react to him--thus more strongly showing Lear's mental degradation. The folio version does not use an appositive phrase, so the direct address of the thunder is not as clear.
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True, my good boy
It is interesting that Lear calls the fool "my good boy" in the quarto, while he simply calls the fool "boy" in the folio. Calling him "my good boy" in the quarto denotes ownership, affection, and familiarity that it is not explicitly expressed in the folio version of this line.
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In such a night To shut me out?
The folio differs in this sentence by Lear stressing the gravity of the storm and that his daughters abandoned him by reminding the audience that his daughters "shut me out" in "such a night as this." The quarto does not go through the extra trouble of once again reminding us how Lear's daughters shut him out.
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This is a brave night to cool a courtesan. I'll speak a prophecy ere I go. When priests are more in word than matter, When brewers mar their malt with water, When nobles are their tailors' tutors, No heretics burned but wenches' suitors; When every case in law is right, No squire in debt, nor no poor knight; When slanders do not live in tongues, Nor cut-purses come not to throngs; When usurers tell their gold i'th'field, And bawds and whores do churches build; Then shall the realm of Albion Come to great confusion. Then comes the time, who lives to see't, That going shall be used with feet. This prophecy Merlin shall make, for I live before his time.
The Fool's prophecy that ends Act III.2 in the folio version of the play is one of the main, most striking differences between the quarto and folio in Act III. The Routledge Parallel Text Edition of King Lear attributes much of the prophecy to a Chaucerian parody where the land of Albion (England) shall come to great confusion and chaos, and the footnote interpretation of the Fool's words states that, intellectually despairing, he means "that both the world as it is and the world as it ideally should be are equally confusing and meaningless" (p. 204). The Fool's metatheatrical performance here in the folio directly addresses the audience by breaking the fourth wall, and indicates that the Fool is significant beyond the realm of the play. The Fool expresses that he even predates Merlin--an English legendary figure which no other character in the play is aware of. In addition, bringing in this idea of life becoming meaningless and chaotic in the realm of Albion would play to the contemporary audience's fears about the kingdom(s) and the succession during the reign of King James and continue the theme of political chaos brought about by Lear dividing the kingdom--an action that would horrify the paranoid contemporary English audience. I believe that this prophecy is an exceptionally important and powerful speech during the play, and it is unfortunate that it only appears in the quarto.
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I'll pray, and then I'll sleep.
It is interesting that Lear's line regarding prayer only appears in the folio version. At first I thought that in a pre-Christian play one might not expect Lear to announce that he would go off to pray, but then I remembered that pagans and other pre-Christian peoples still prayed to certain deities or figures, and Lear has previously addressed Nature and other storm forces as if praying. However, he has not retired to go pray before. This line, only appearing in the folio version, could be interpreted in multiple ways: it could simply be a filler line, or it could show that Lear has so strongly internalized the betrayals and harm done to him that he has resorted to prayer as a comfort with which to deal with his hurt emotions or as a cry for help in his degraded state of nothingness.
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hypothes.is hypothes.is
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I really couldn't believe that Serena didn't find Wozniacki's imitation of her offensive. Stuffing your shirt and pants with towels prancing around on national television mocking someone isn't exactly playful to me. You're still making fun of someone. It was pretty tasteless and ignorant in my opinion. I didn't take it as a joke, making fun of someone isn't funny.
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Norma Mejia
1.What does “playful mocking” mean? I am going to break down the meaning of playful mocking. By using Google, the meaning of mocking is making fun of someone or something in a cruel way. The meaning of playfulness is full of fun, high energy and humorous to the point where it is not serious or hurting anyone’s feelings. By putting it all together, playful mocking means to make fun of someone or something in a humorous way where it is not taken seriously. It is meant to be in a playful way and not in a cruel way.
- Why do you think Serena Williams danced at the end of her 2012 Olympics final? Do you believe this was a “tasteless” act? Why or why not? Serena Williams danced at the end of her 2012 Olympics final because she was happy and excited that she had won. You can tell the joy in her face as she was doing the dance. The dance is known as a Crip Walk and it’s a dance that is shown in popular music. It’s the culture of today’s music and it is not seen as anything bad by those who know the dance. Serena didn’t do it to send a message to any gang. She didn’t do it with any bad intentions. She just did it unknowingly because of the excitement she felt. I don’t believe it is a tasteless act because it is a dance that is popular nowadays and it is seen in music videos and in clubs. It was seen as a tasteless act by the people in the tennis court because it is a white and formal environment, they saw it as “immature” and “classless” because in their eyes it is a dance that is related to gang activity.
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Norma Mejia
1.What does “playful mocking” mean? I am going to break down the meaning of playful mocking. By using Google, the meaning of mocking is making fun of someone or something in a cruel way. The meaning of playfulness is full of fun, high energy and humorous to the point where it is not serious or hurting anyone’s feelings. By putting it all together, playful mocking means to make fun of someone or something in a humorous way where it is not taken seriously. It is meant to be in a playful way and not in a cruel way.
- Why do you think Serena Williams danced at the end of her 2012 Olympics final? Do you believe this was a “tasteless” act? Why or why not? Serena Williams danced at the end of her 2012 Olympics final because she was happy and excited that she had won. You can tell the joy in her face as she was doing the dance. The dance is known as a Crip Walk and it’s a dance that is shown in popular music. It’s the culture of today’s music and it is not seen as anything bad by those who know the dance. Serena didn’t do it to send a message to any gang. She didn’t do it with any bad intentions. She just did it unknowingly because of the excitement she felt. I don’t believe it is a tasteless act because it is a dance that is popular nowadays and it is seen in music videos and in clubs. It was seen as a tasteless act by the people in the tennis court because it is a white and formal environment, they saw it as “immature” and “classless” because in their eyes it is a dance that is related to gang activity.
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- Apr 2016
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dl.dropboxusercontent.com dl.dropboxusercontent.com
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Nick Bilton, “Steve Jobs Was a Low-Tech Parent”, 2014
Pronominer: your, I (4), they, it, he, me, we, our
Substantiver: kids, subject, company’s, tablet, shelves, technology, home, gasp, silence, household, nerd’s, paradise, walls, touch screens, dining table, tiles, guests, chocolates, pillow
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Larry Rosen, “How Much Technology Should You Let Your Child Use?”, 2013
Pronominer: Our, you (2), your
Substantiver: brains, mechanism, daydreaming, mind wandering, behaviors, decisions, neuroscientists, mind, types, experiences
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- Mar 2016
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download.springer.com download.springer.com
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David R. Thompson1& Keith C. Hamer
Throughout the journal the authors do a good job of remaining objective while presenting credible and relevant information to support their claim. They present the view of the stakeholder position of environmentalists and researchers.
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instance mean surface air temperature ispredicted to increase by 2–6C during summer andby 8–12C during winter in the Barents Sea regionof northern Europe
(http://www.neaq.org/conservation_and_research/climate_change/climate_change_and_the_oceans.php)
The link above is an article that discusses acidification and global warming. Although the two are slightly different they are both similar in the way that they are caused by the emission of CO2. Plastic products are known to release CO2 into marine environments. This scholarly journal also discuses the carbon cycle and how plastics are responsible for some of the excess CO2 being released (http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu:2048/science/article/pii/S092181810800012X). Plastic also releases CO2 into the atmosphere. This is a major cause of global warming as well. Because of the CO2 emitted by plastic in both marine ecosystems and into the atmosphere, the Thompson and Hamer discuss how it is also a main stressor present in seabirds and how it is negatively affecting these organisms.
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in a study of plastics in seabirds from the tropicalPacific over an eight year period,
This also increases the authors' credibilty. Here they discuss an experiment that took place over an eight year period of which seabirds in the tropical Pacific stomachs' were examined to see exactly what kinds of plastics were being digested and how the birds were being affected by it.
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(Laist, 1987),
The authors increase their credibility (ethos) by citing information from other scholarly articles and researchers. This also allows the authors to further support their claim with relevant and reliable information suggesting that plastics are a main stressor to the seabirds.
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Stress in seabirds: causes, consequences and diagnostic value
Thompson, David R., and Keith C. Hamer. "Stress In Seabirds: Causes, Consequences And Diagnostic Value." Journal Of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress & Recovery 7.1 (2000): 91. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Mar. 2016.
This is a scholarly article written by two credible authors, one from the University of Durham and one from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. The title indicates that the article will be discussing the causes, consequences and diagnostic values of stress present in seabird. I believe that the claim of this scholarly journal is that, seabird are a very important part of the marine ecosystem, however the amount of stress present in these birds is increasing due to various stressors that are being introduced into their environment.
The authors argue that a big misconception about ocean pollution is that is only affects the organisms that live beneath the surface. They state that while that statement is somewhat true, ocean pollution also affects the organisms that feed off of other species such as fish.
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www.billboard.com www.billboard.com
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Meanwhile, the support for Kesha has created a PR nightmare for Sony, which maintains that it cannot interfere with Kesha and Luke's contract.
In the other popular article, the author said Sony could put an end to this. I responded by saying I was confused as to why Sony would want the bad publicity and this sentence backs that up.
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Former Runaways bassist Jackie Fuchs, who alleged in July 2015 that she was drugged and raped by then-manager Kim Fowley in 1975
I am curious to know how this case ended.
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www.apple.com www.apple.com
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A Message to Our Customers
Apple.com is not regarded as a popular, reliable source, except for in this case. Because this letter to Apple customers came directly from Tim Cook himself, this makes this the strongest source regarding Apple's stance on the case.
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The implications of the government’s demands are chilling. If the government can use the All Writs Act to make it easier to unlock your iPhone, it would have the power to reach into anyone’s device to capture their data. The government could extend this breach of privacy and demand that Apple build surveillance software to intercept your messages, access your health records or financial data, track your location, or even access your phone’s microphone or camera without your knowledge.
Cook is explaining what exactly an encryption by Apple would mean to millions of Americans, and even international Apple customers. This violates laws of privacy, and would mean increased surveillance and government understanding of our whereabouts at all times. This is important because Cook is educating his audience, particularly Americans, as to why they're publicly denying assistance with a terrorism. Cook is seeing the bigger picture here, and is asking his fellow Americans to do the same.
I can see myself using this source in the future to include Apple's side of why they're not including themselves within the case, directly from the CEO. Cook provides evidence for his claim, and it allows for sympathy from his audience.
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A Message to Our Customers The United States government has demanded that Apple take an unprecedented step which threatens the security of our customers. We oppose this order, which has implications far beyond the legal case at hand. This moment calls for public discussion, and we want our customers and people around the country to understand what is at stake.
Cook, Tim. "Customer Letter - Apple." Apple.com. Apple, 16 Feb. 2016. Web. 9 Mar. 2016.
Tim Cook is an American Business Executive, and the CEO of Apple Inc. Cook also serves on the Board of Directors at Nike, and the National Football Foundation. In 2014, Cook became the first Chief Executive of a Fortune 500 company who was publicly gay.
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Compromising the security of our personal information can ultimately put our personal safety at risk. That is why encryption has become so important to all of us.
The author's claim argues that by allowing the government access to our personal information, yes it may be able to solve the San Bernardino case, but the personal privacy implications are not worth the risk.
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Specifically, the FBI wants us to make a new version of the iPhone operating system, circumventing several important security features, and install it on an iPhone recovered during the investigation. In the wrong hands, this software — which does not exist today — would have the potential to unlock any iPhone in someone’s physical possession. The FBI may use different words to describe this tool, but make no mistake: Building a version of iOS that bypasses security in this way would undeniably create a backdoor. And while the government may argue that its use would be limited to this case, there is no way to guarantee such control.
This is where Cook addresses the second "they": the FBI. He explains the implications of what the FBI is demanding, and how they can affect all customers, especially Americans.
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We were shocked and outraged by the deadly act of terrorism in San Bernardino last December. We mourn the loss of life and want justice for all those whose lives were affected. The FBI asked us for help in the days following the attack, and we have worked hard to support the government’s efforts to solve this horrible crime. We have no sympathy for terrorists.
Here, Cook is using pathos to clarify that, despite his stance on the encryption piece, they still sympathize with the victims of the San Bernardino case, and their families. This is where Cook addresses one of the "they's," being those who were directly affected by the case, or those who believe Apple should comply in order to get justice.
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www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
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But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
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Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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And when that happens, if scientists are on the right track, the missing heat will reappear and temperatures will spike once again.
If the scientist's claims are correct, when would they predict the next switch in climate conditions to take place? Also, can they predict the severity of the next cycle?
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A key breakthrough came last year from Shang-Ping Xie and Yu Kosaka at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. The duo took a different tack, by programming a model with actual sea surface temperatures from recent decades in the eastern equatorial Pacific, and then seeing what happened to the rest of the globe8. Their model not only recreated the hiatus in global temperatures, but also reproduced some of the seasonal and regional climate trends that have marked the hiatus, including warming in many areas and cooler northern winters.
This adds credibility. It validates the claim, while also showing how the experiment is important and how it came to its conclusions.
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This variation in ocean temperature, known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), may be a crucial piece of the hiatus puzzle.
This is a specific pieces of information that confirms the reporters claim.
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But even those scientists who remain confident in the underlying models acknowledge that there is increasing pressure to work out just what is happening today.
Good point. It important to show that the counter argument is being acknowledged.
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The simplest explanation for both the hiatus and the discrepancy in the models is natural variability.
This is the counter argument. As stated in the article, the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) hypothesized that from 1998-2012, the temperature should rise at a rate of 0.21 degrees Celsius per decade. Instead, the temperature only rose .04 degrees Celsius during that time period. Therefore, differing perspectives are claiming that instead of having a consistent global warming increase, the world goes through periods of climatic fluctuations. Furthermore, because of this evidence, scientists conclude that global warming effects are being overestimated and overstated.
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On a chart of global atmospheric temperatures, the hiatus stands in stark contrast to the rapid warming of the two decades that preceded it.
The refutation against Tollefson's claim is stated pretty early on in the article.
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Now, as the global-warming hiatus enters its sixteenth year, scientists are at last making headway in the case of the missing heat. Some have pointed to the Sun, volcanoes and even pollution from China as potential culprits, but recent studies suggest that the oceans are key to explaining the anomaly.
Here is what "they" are saying. Because evidence has shown a decline in global-warming for years, scientists are wondering if perhaps its a myth. However, others are saying that global-warming is not in decline, but is rather being stored in places such as the world's oceans. Because of this, the events like El Nino and El Nina exist and are becoming more aggressive each time they occur.
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Jeff Tollefson
Jeff Tollefson has quite the impressive resume as a reporter on issues like energy, climate, and the environment. His work in this article is definitely valid and is credible. As seen on the Nature about the editor website, "Jeff has won a number of accolades, including New Mexico press awards for pieces on pollution and nuclear-weapons work at Los Alamos National Laboratory". He has many years in his field reporting on numerous environmental issues and/or concerns.
http://www.nature.com/nature/about/editors/
The Nature International Weekly Journal of Science is a well know journal that focuses on innovating science and technology. Their mission statement as found on their website states their responsible "First, to serve scientists through prompt publication of significant advances in any branch of science, and to provide a forum for the reporting and discussion of news and issues concerning science. Second, to ensure that the results of science are rapidly disseminated to the public throughout the world, in a fashion that conveys their significance for knowledge, culture and daily life". The journal itself is high cited and has won awards for their scientists.
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Climate change: The case of the missing heat
Tollefson, Jeff. "Climate Change: The Case Of The Missing Heat." Nature 505.7483 (2014): 276-278. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Mar. 2016.
The claim in this article as stated by the reporter Jeff Tollefson, is that there has been a lack of confidence in the field of climate change over the years due to the fact that temperatures today are in conflict with previous models. Because the new temperatures are straying from the previous records, some are claiming that global warming is beginning to stop; however, others believe it still to be alive, but it is being stored in another way. Therefore, this idea of "The Missing Heat" is being hypothesized to be stored in the world's oceans.
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www.psychologytoday.com www.psychologytoday.com
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His old pack, made up of his daughters and their new male partners, came roaring back to the Lamar Valley in mid-March. They swooped down on 755M’s den, attacked his consort, and chased the pair away. The two staggered into the forest, 755M’s mate leaving a trail of blood in the snow. She died that night. And what of 755M? He’s rarely seen these days. He wanders in the borderlands between other packs, hunted and haunted – a lone wolf, bereft of all.
Gives the sad ending to gain sympathy: pathos. I even felt heartbreak.
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We all love happy endings and, like many others who follow the Yellowstone wolves, I rooted for 755M and his new mate. It was not to be.
Morell gives that her joy melted into despair once finding the real outcome. Pathos and ethos to support her claim.
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She wanted to know what had become of him, McIntyre said, just as we would if we became separated from our family members.
Pathos and experience to the human race
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For most of the 20th century, scientists were taught to regard animals as mindless beings lacking thoughts or emotions. But that attitude, too, has been swept aside as researchers with a more evolutionary perspective have revealed that species from fish and turtles to rats and lions have mental skills not so dissimilar from our own. Many animals—not just human animals-- love and laugh and grieve (link is external).
Love this paragraph. I believe in this entirely.
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Cougar societies that aren’t actively hunted—and so have the oldest males and females—also cause fewer problems for people.
Ethos; to show how human intervention cause major problems, to the animals and to our own race
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From Rob Wielgus’s research at the Large Carnivore Conservation Laboratory (link is external) at Washington State University in Pullman
Reliable source
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We know now that animals have personalities (link is external) (some are shy, others are bold) that affect their reproductive success.
Mentionable quote. Further proves my previous post.
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Animals were regarded more or less like cogs in a wheel; one dies, another one takes its place. Long-term studies of elephants, chimpanzees, dolphins, and other species tell a different story, though.
I hate to even think about this, but it is true. It hasn't been that long where animals were seen as just that, animals. Now we know they are very similar to us humans. We both have emotions, personalities, and feelings.
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But the numbers overlook the social consequences of these deaths.
Goes back to the other argument. The pathos side.
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And that is true. The death of one or two, or even a dozen Yellowstone park wolves (the number of park wolves believed to have been shot or trapped outside its boundaries in the 2012-2013 hunting season (link is external)) does not mean that the population is doomed. Wolf biologists emphasize how resilient the animals are. Packs may vanish, but others will take their place; there are pups this spring.
Morell continues on (from the last post) to show a logical side and gives sources (the wolf biologists) to gain reliability.
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After the death of 832F, officials emphasized that the parks’ wolf population was still viable; there were plenty of wolves for people to see with more than 80 remaining.
Harsh swiping of the fact the wolf was killed
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“I can’t prove it, but I think that’s why 832 led her pack back there,” Rick McIntyre, a biological technician for the Yellowstone Wolf Project, told me. McIntyre has followed the canids daily since they were reintroduced to the park in 1995, (link is external) and knows the individual wolves better than anyone. “Even though 754 wasn’t the alpha male, he was her favorite. I think she went looking for him.”
Is not reliable source of statement but his occupation gives him credibility. The fact that he knows these wolves since 1995 also gives him credit.
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But two weeks before her death, the pack’s beta male, 754M, had also been shot and killed in the same area.
Shows that not only does a powerful Alpha female was killed but another of the pack's mates. Ethos and pathos
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People were drawn to 832F because she was an unusual female wolf—saucy, independent, powerful and wily enough to bring down a bull elk alone, and unwilling to be anything other than the leader of her pack. She’d scorned all her suitors until she met a pair of malleable males, the black-and-silver furred brothers, 755M and 754M. They were younger than she was, and were mediocre hunters at best, but the trio formed a pack, which the brothers wisely let her lead. By 2012, they had grown to 13 strong, and were the indisputable rulers of the Lamar River Valley with its herds of elk and buffalo. All that changed, though, in early December 2012, when 832F was killed 15 miles from the park’s eastern boundary.
Ethos and pathos! Morell is giving a background to the female wolf whom died. She shows that wolves can be different, just like people, and that something this "minor" can be very major.
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enormous repercussions, which continue to this day.
This quote is likeable to me because of how Morell is beginning to tell her audience that animal welfare is almost highly important.
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From a purely demographic standpoint, biologists say no. If there are sufficient numbers of wolves to breed, then the species is fine
Gives one side of the argument, credibility increased
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Does the death of one wolf matter?
Falls back on claim
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He is, after all, still alive, although some might say he’s but a ghost of his former self, because she is gone, felled by a Wyoming hunter’s bullet.
Pathos! Morell is giving a background to the lone wolf and explaining that he wasn't always like this. From the death of his mate, which was the cause of a hunter, did he change drastically.
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Only a few weeks before
Shows something has gone awry
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lay so still he looked more like a stone or downed log. Most unlike a wolf, he was alone.
Ethos and pathos; sympathy for the wolf and evidence to support her claim.
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I learned this firsthand during a visit to Yellowstone National Park last winter
Using pathos and her own experience to get empathy. Her credibility with her experience increases, showing the reader(s) that she isn't just writing about it, she sees for herself what's going on.
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The decision is based solely on numbers, and so it misses what is increasingly evident to wildlife biologists and conservationists: the importance of individual animals.
This statement is biased but true. Morell is using pathos with ethos; she is trying to get sympathy and concern from her audience.
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according to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
This shows some antagonism against FWS.
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When A Wolf Dies Do individual animals matter? Posted Jun 07, 2013
This is Morell's claim. She is asking how a single wolf could affect an entire pack or other wolves. Her question gives input of thought to readers that may or may not have occurred to them about animal welfare and their mental state.
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Virginia Morell
I did not realize that Virginia Morell was the author of both my third and my fourth article. On the other article, she was very unbiased and not as much of a reliable source. Here, she seems to be more reliable considering how the website gives recognition to her books and other articles. In a psychological viewpoint, Morell is a reliable source.
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When A Wolf Dies
Morell, Virginia. "When A Wolf Dies." Psychology Today. Psychology Today. 7 June 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2016.
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animalblawg.wordpress.com animalblawg.wordpress.com
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through state regulations and/or international conventions
Then because we can't be responsible as a whole society, we think laws and regulations will help. So we take away human rights and choices from those that may be working hard to make everything work. The point is it doesn't matter it takes away all choice and therefore, responsibility. Then it creates resentment, not towards those who make these flawed laws and regulations, but towards the animal or habitat its supposed to protect. It all boils down to educating people and fixing our humanities lack or responsibility.
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The brochure gives examples of farmers in India poisoning elephant watering holes because they claim elephants damage their crops, and livestock owners in Russia and Africa killing tigers and lions on their land.
This should stir something up in everyone. This is the problem... there are so many of us that we are encroaching massively on animal territory. Poisoning a water hole to keep elephants form damaging crops? There are enough humans to build a fence or chase them off if they come in, poisoning is absolutely ridiculous, lazy and unnecessary. We have enough people to have our own living and work around other animals. If a tiger is eating your sheep you can raise dogs or stay with them to protect them yourself. People just want the easy way like we used to strive for but now that we have it we can work a little harder of spend a bit more time so everything can make it together. When people are lazy and take the easy was the animals are the ones that suffer.
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This loss of habitat causes the extinction of species
This is the main fact driving Anika's thought. She is not worried about the individual killings but about species wide. The problem is most species can't adapt and evolve as fast as we as humans can destroy it. Humans are destroying habitat for their own or for possessions.
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affect of overpopulation on animals
The audience for this article is not one purely of human rights or animal rights but more of a hybrid of the two. It is for people that can see everything is connected and you can't just fix one thing and be fine you have to help the whole system to achieve success.
For me the title struck me because it hit on what I was looking for. I think is is still well done though, it askes a question that ques people up to talk and is not just a yes or no answer.
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here is a very real and dangerous affect for animals.
The claim of the author is that our expansion into the animal kingdom because of our needs is very dangerous for and affecting all animals adversely. I happen to believe this, we used to had plenty of space and that space was shared with animals but now there are so many of us that our sprawl is crowding animals and each other.<br> The world tends to like a balance, so when we get to overpopulated something will happen, plague, war, famine. It might already be too late for some species at that point or it may be the cause.
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Anika Mohammed
Anika Mohammed is a Doctors Without Borders member and a keen supported of animal rights. She gets to see first hand a lot of the issues caused by human overpopulation, unclean water, living quality, starvation, etc. As much as she cares for humanity she knows there are other living things in this world too. Some that may need help as much or more then humans.
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Overpopulation of humans, what does this mean?
This website is for the animal enthusiast to put it lightly. They veiw everyone as equals, humans and animals. So this article is going to be a bit bias by making everything equal. With the slogan "Transending Speciesism Since October 2008" you kind of get the hint, but at least they don't try and hide it.
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Human Overpopulation as an Animal Rights Issue
Anika Mohammed. "Human Overpopulation as an Animal Rights Issue". November 26 2013. Web. March 5 2016. <animalblawg.wordpress.com>
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Local file Local file
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Among students, religion not being importantand having no religion were associated with beingin favour of permitting abortion in any circum-stance and being against putting a woman whohad had an abortion in jail (p<0.001).
The medical students who do not have any religion tend to support the abortion for any occasion. The audience can recognize that the religious conviction is related to a controversial issue such as abortion.
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The proportion of medical students whoagreed that abortion should be allowed wasalways larger than the corresponding proportionof civil servants.
The medical students is younger generation than the civil servants. The research reveals that the rising generation has more flexible and acceptable opinion about the abortion than middle-aged people.
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We carried out two cross-sectional, descriptivesurveys, one with civil servants from a São PauloState public institution and the other with medi-cal students from three medical schools, also inSão Paulo State. Two different questionnaireswere used for the civil servants and the medicalstudents (Box 1), consisting of questions with pre-coded response categories for self-completion.
The authors amplify who the subject of the survey is and what kind of methods they used, so it can gain the credibility from the audience. However, it is difficult to generalize as all nations’ opinions because the authors choose only two groups to conduct their survey.
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Considering that the answersobtained in surveys depends in great part on howthe questions are formulated, the aim of thisstudy was to compare the answers to generalquestions about the circumstances under whichthe respondents thought abortion should beallowed, with the answers of the same respon-dents to the question of whether a woman whohas had an illegal abortion should be sent toprison as the law mandates.
This is the purpose of the article. The authors maintain a neutral stance about an abortion issue in the whole article.
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Cur-rently, the Penal Code is under review in the Par-liament, causing a heated debate betweenrepresentatives of the Catholic and Protestantchurches and those who defend women’s sexualand reproductive rights.
The Penal Code about abortion is still under review and it has become a hot issue while Zika virus is spreading quickly in Brazil. Although many people advocate women’s sexual and reproductive right, religion has much influence in changing the law in Brzail. Therefore, it will be difficult to amend the current abortion law.
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In Brazil, the Penal Code dates from 1940 andestablishes that abortion is a crime but notpunishable in three cases: if the woman’s lifeis at risk, if pregnancy results from rape, andmore recently (since a court judgement in 2012)in cases of fetal anencephaly.7All other abor-tions are punishable with 1–10 years in prisonboth for the woman and for the person whocarried out the abortion.
In my opinion, Brazil government should provide the proper education of contraceptives to public before they strictly ban abortion in law. Effective birth control methods can reduce the illegal abortion rate from unwanted pregnancies.
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One belief is that if abortion is criminalized,women will have fewer abortions than in an envi-ronment of liberal laws and easy access to safeabortions.5Experience shows this is not realistic,however; in fact, in countries where abortion islegally restricted women have more abortionsthan those living under more liberal laws.
This is interesting because it breaks a common notion that the country which restricts abortion would have fewer abortions than people who are living in liberal laws. The author claims that abortion rates is related to women’s access to and use of effective contraceptive methods. The audience realizes the importance of education which is the correct use of contraceptives.
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The treatment ofabortion in these Penal Codes has remained almostunchanged (with a few exceptions), mostly underthe pressure of religions that traditionally opposeabortion, particularly the Catholic Church andother Christian faiths in Latin America.
A religious belief in one society have a significant impact on the law.
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Unsafe abortions will continue to be a burdenfor the health and well-being of women in coun-tries where very restrictive abortion laws make ita crime.
Looking through the sentence shows that a country with very restrictive abortion laws considers abortion as crime. Most of those countries are strict Catholic nations. The Vatican’s teaching on abortion is clear: It is a sin.
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According to the most recent global estimates,while the total number of induced abortionsdeclined between 2003 and 2008, the numberof unsafe abortions increased proportionately.
The authors raise a problem about the unsafe abortions. Although the total number of abortions declined around the globe, the unsafe abortions subsequently increased. They claims that it virtually escalates the overall abortions rates. The poor women with unwanted pregnancy go unlicensed practitioners and it causes a greater health hazards such as anemia, cervical trauma, and even death.
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Brazilian parliamentarians who are currently reviewinga reform in the Penal Code need to have this information urgently.
In fact, the abortion law in Brazil has not been changed.
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This paper presents the findingsfrom two studies. One was carried out in February–December 2010 among 1,660 public servants and the otherin February–July 2011 with 874 medical students from three medical schools, both in São Paulo State, Brazil.Both groups of respondents were asked two sets of questions to obtain their opinion about abortion:
This article is based on surveys and opinion polls. The majority of respondents are against the current Brazilian law that women who had had an abortion should be punished with prison. In my opinion, the present legislation about abortion in Brazil is very strict and it needs to be revised under the extreme conditions of Zika virus and microcephaly.
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Unsafe abortions remain a major public health problem in countries with very restrictiveabortion laws.
Although Latin America has very restrictive abortion law, unsafe abortion was common. Now, Zika virus has emerged as a serious social problem, so the audience can anticipate the current situation of Latin America that dangerous abortions would increase more than before.
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- Feb 2016
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networkedlearningcollaborative.com networkedlearningcollaborative.com
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iterature response logs are regular records, usually daily, that children keep as running diaries of their read ing. Third, they may update their reading re cords.
This is a lesson in responsibility as the students update their reading logs after each SSR and of course adds the writing component to independent reading. Students can be proud of their reading logs and it will help them during sharing time as well. Also this instills a sense of ownership for students as it is their reading log about the books they chose which differs from their classmates.
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o offset this state of emotional neutrality in classrooms, teachers must thoughtfully re consider how reading instruction may be reor ganized to rekindle a sense of joy and ownershi
Yes! This sense of joy and ownership connected to literature is intended to create interest in literature that will last. Students would hopefully be proud of the book they read and as they grow up, be proud of books they own and can recommend to others. I know this is true for me.
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he only problem associated with this second block of sharing time is stopping. Sticking to the 10-minute time limit is often very difficult because children sincerely enjoy this time for sharing their ideas, work, and discoverie
The fact that kids are enjoying the sharing time and what they have to share, is incredible! It shows that allowing students to choose their literature can create an extremely engaged population of students.
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r. Sheets also notes that mini-lessons force him to be concise in his demonstrations of skills in real reading situations.
When Mr. Sheets is forced to be concise it can be very beneficial for the students. Since he has to be short and to the point the children are given the information right away and not given too much all at once to take in.
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ome teachers like to act in the role of "recorder" for the group or "wait in silence."
I like the idea of the teacher as the "recorder" for the group. This allows for the kids to all stay engaged in what everyone is talking, while you get to write down what everyone is saying so you can reflect on it later.
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elf-selected reading. During SSR stu dents may become involved in one or more ac tivities (see Figure 1). To begin the workshop, students and teachers spend 10 minutes en gaged in free reading of a book they have cho sen for recreational reading or they may be reading goal pages established in their litera ture response group.
I like that kids are able to read books of their choice so that they are more engaged. It will help keep them more interested in reading and help with their reading skills.
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networkedlearningcollaborative.com networkedlearningcollaborative.com
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turn on a CD of classical background music.
Yes! Classical music has been proven to increase brain activity in children and adults. It also will help children focus in on their individual papers and keep interrupting behaviors to a minimum
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hen the timer bell sounds, the chil dren begin to write their entries on the lines provided below the spaces where they drew their illustrations. A
Timed writing is an important skill to teach even in younger grades because in a few years students will be taking timed standardized tests.
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riting complete sentences writing sentences that ask a question
These are two very important skills that kids should learn at a young age. I think it is great that the kids learn these things so they can better develop their writing from an early age. Complete sentences will also help them in oral language as well.
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Each child draws an illustration about the new or ongoing topic he or she has selected to write about. Children may talk with peers or with me about their topics or drawings.
Being able to illustrate and visually represent an idea is very important for all students. This skill touches on fine motor skills, visual processing and conceptual thought. Very important part of the lesson and an effective check for understanding.
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any op portunities for connecting reading de coding skills with writing occur during these sessions.
decoding skills for children are so important especially at a young age. If they can "learn to read" earlier then later on they will be "reading to learn" a lot more.
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ost of my direct writing instruc tion takes place during these brief ses sions, which may last up to 15 minutes.
Personally I learn better from direct instructions rather than a big long lesson where some information may be lost. This is a good idea to have these mini lessons, as they are very beneficial to the kids.
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- Jan 2016
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www.americanyawp.com www.americanyawp.com
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They ruled their empire through a decentralized network of subject peoples that paid regular tribute–including everything from the most basic items, such as corn, beans, and other foodstuffs, to luxury goods such as jade, cacao, and gold–and provided troops for the empire.
The Spanish was trying to take control over North and Central America. They were taking away valued goods from the Native Americans and made money off of it.
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news.ubc.ca news.ubc.ca
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Matthew S. MacLennan
I am the author of this paragraph. I am also one of the scientists doing the metabolomic studies. I am in collaboration with many others in this project.
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- Dec 2015
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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ZFIN_ZDB-GENO-100308-4
Database: ZFIN
Species: Zebrafish
Name: zf168Tg
Background: unspecified
Affected Gene: None
Genomic Alteration: zf168Tg
Phenotype: None
Notes: None
Availability: None
Catalog ID: ZDB-GENO-100308-4
Proper Citation: RRID:ZFIN_ZDB-GENO-100308-4
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- Nov 2015
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www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
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promontory
Whitman is comparing his soul to the image of the spider in this line
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- Jan 2015
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www.cedet.edu.ar www.cedet.edu.ar
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Hemos mencionado que los actores formulan y de sarrollan estrategias. Estas son intentos de desenvolver los intereses o satisfacer las necesidades . Las estrategias suponen cierto tipo de cálculo en el que cada actor que toma en cuenta, no solame nte sus intereses o necesidades y su vinculación con los componentes objetivos, sino también la exp ectativa sobre el comportamiento de los otros actores. Esto es, la estrategias son el resultado de las relaciones que se dan entre los sistema de actores. Para ello dan lugar a configur aciones que vinculan a actores diferentes.
estrategias de los actores
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una lógica subordinada a las otras tres, en la medida que no genera procesos autónomos de toma de decisiones y de acciones sobre la ciudad, sino que lo hace en tanto que alguna de las otras tres la receptan. Estos actores, que pueden definirse en tres polos sociales dis tintos: académico, gubernamental y técnico-privado, contribuyen a las decisiones de los anteriores y, en tal sentido, introducen perspectivas que forman parte de esas decisiones.
actores técnicos
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Ese desarrollo parece realizarse de cuatro ma neras fundamentales: a) acciones individuales o colectivas directas; b) organización comunitaria, de base solidaria para la producción directa; c) organización de movimientos reivindicativos frente a los actores gubernamentales; y d) orientación hacia relaciones clientelares, conformándose en clientela de algunos actores gubernamentales o políticos. Esas formas no son excluyentes y pueden combinarse en un mismo momento o sucesivamente.
actores sociales
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Existen actores que se determinan en razón de lo que podemos denominar la lógica de la necesidad. Esta se muestra relevante en tanto que se desarrolla fuera (total o parcialmente) del mercado y de las políticas públicas.
actores sociales
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Actores que participan en la producción de la ciudad orientados predominantemente en función de una lógica política, sin tener que someterse a la obligación de obtener ganancia económica. Pueden desarrollar procesos no mercan tiles de producción de la ciudad, desde el punto de vista, no ya de cada una de las actividades (o actores) individuales, sino en razón de una doble vinculación
actores políticos
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Procesos demográficos: personas o familias que deciden ir del campo a las ciudades o de una ciudad a otra y, una vez en ellas, deciden localizar se en ciertos lugares o cambiar sus localizaciones urbanas anteriores. Procesos económicos que produ cen los soportes físicos para esa gente y sus actividades: viviendas, talleres, locales comerciales, equipamientos e infraestructuras; servicios que permiten la vida en la ciudad: transportes, trat amiento de residuos, educación y salud, etc. Procesos de producción cultural, desde la innovación en su sentido más amplio, incluyendo obviamente la tecnológica, hasta otras formas de la creación so cial: costumbres, artes, comunicaciones, formas sociales, etc.
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Entender una ciudad como sociedad local implica suponer que lo que en ella pasa depende de lo que hacen los actores que en ella inci den, depende de sus decisiones. En segundo lugar, implica que esas decisiones surgen dentro de relaciones concretas: entre actores particulares económica, social y culturalmente. En tercer luga r, que esos actores deciden sobre la ciudad y lo hacen dentro en un contexto formado por los ámbitos globales de la realidad (nacional e internacional)
sociedad local, resumen
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En segundo lugar, los actores locales, hemos supuesto, tienen capacidad para determinar a los procesos locales. Los actores económicos porque pueden incidir en el mercado local y los actores políticos porque logran incidir en las decisiones fundamentales a nivel local (gobierno local). Esto significa que los actores locales tienen cierta cap acidad de determinación de los procesos locales pero no la tienen (por lo menos en el mismo grado) respecto de procesos no locales: no son determinantes en las decisiones que toman otros gobiernos locales ni sus productos pueden determinar otros mercados locales.
incidencia en los procesos locales de los actores urbanos,
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reproducen su poder en relación a los otros actor es locales y en referencia al gobierno local.
2/2 lógica local de los actores sociales
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La ciudad es, entonces, una sociedad local que se caracteriza por una particular relación con el territorio: la aglomeración con base en la división social del trabajo, frente a la dispersión de la sociedad rural.
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En una sociedad local encontramos unidad de procesos económicos y sociales, también identidades y procesos políticos propios. Es d ecir, individuos o grupos sociales con poderes diferenciados que dependen de su ubicación dentro de l sistema (local) de relaciones. Esto significa que el poder se acumula o se pierde en razón de las relaciones que se dan en la sociedad local.
procesos económicos y sociales
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etrás de la urbanización, detrás de la ciudad, encontramos dos tipos de procesos estr ucturales fundamentales: los de la acumulación capitalista y los de la dominación propios de es a forma social.
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Son actores que se reproducen como tales predominantemente dentro del ámb ito local. Esto significa, actores económicos que reproducen su capital en función de relaciones dent ro del ámbito territorial local (comerciantes o productores que tienen como mercado predominante a la población local), actores políticos que
lógica local de los actores sociales 1/2
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De acuerdo a lo anterior, llamamos "actores lo cales" a los sujetos (individuales o colectivos) cuyo comportamiento se determina en función de una lógica local y/o su comportamiento determina los procesos locales.
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Los actores sociales, por su parte, son la s unidades reales de acción en la sociedad: tomadores y ejecutores de decisiones que inciden en la realidad local. Son parte de la base social, son definidos por ella, pero act úan como individuos o colectivos que, además, están sometidos a otras condiciones (culturales, étnico-culturales, políticas y territoriales)
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pensar la ciudad como sociedad local implica, inmediatamente, percibirla como un sistema de relaciones entre actores.
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