aggressive behavior

intellectual disability

Developmental delay

RRID:ZFIN_ZDB-GENO-071017-5

RRID:ZFIN_ZDB-ALT-160122-5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

muscular hypotonia

motor development

Pacific Citizen, Vol. 45, No. 19 (November 8, 1957)

“I'm going to Portland with him tomorrow.”

The myths then become a way to denounce Somalis as potential renewers by insisting on their status as guests, and specifically as recipients of charity, burdened by the gift of humanitarianism

There can only be one dominant central culture: American.”

Reports in the paper of car accidents involving Somalis always provoke a slew of comments that they should not be allowed to drive at all.

The dol report also did not include the time Somalis donate to the city, through participating in the numerous focus groups of researchers and other organizations, giving (uncompensated) presentations to local organizations and schools, and vol-unteering in support of other city projects

Less than 15 percent of the Somali population is on welfare. If you look at old Mainers, more of them are on welfare! We’re see-ing second- and even third-generation Mainers who are on welfare!

When non-Somali clients whose tanf benefits are re-duced or denied because of household changes blame Somalis for their loss of benefits, he patiently explains that “everyone is getting exactly what they’re eligible for and Somalis don’t get any more than anyone else.” He is frustrated by the accusations that somehow Somali eligibility impacts the eligibility of other Mainers, and when I suggest it may reflect a perception of a zero-sum game—t he more they get, the less there is for me—he replies, “It’s not about the division of resources. It’s about prejudice.”

They don’t know. No one’s ever explained it to them....[Our mu-seum visitors] didn’t have any idea they spent time in refugee camps and how horrible it was. They didn’t know about the war, about the loss, the horror....Viewers never realized how hard they had it in their country and why they had to leave. Genocide was never on their radar. Rape was never on their radar.

When did maine become the welfare state to house and feed the worlds misfits.

Areas that used to be decent to live in are now infested with them. Seriously, find twenty people in Lewiston who are glad they are here.

None of that is possible with free but traditionally copyrighted content.

systematic domination of women by men

“i want to live in the unknowing where everything is possible,”

. i have my foot on the pedal

my mom hugs

Recovery studies and quality control

disproportionate stature

platyspondyly

Internet Reciprocal Teaching Promotes the Five CsCreativity: Students use divergent-thinking skills to generate their own questions and keywords for online searches. Their final projects require them to creatively express their own point of view. Communication: Students share what they learn as they work in small groups and with the whole class. They communicate with a wider audience by posting on a class blog. Collaboration: Students create collaborative knowledge through Internet inquiry and social interactions. They comment on one another's work using technologies such as VoiceThread and support one another through instant messaging. Critical Thinking: When using the Internet, students build the text they read, choosing which links to follow and which to ignore. The nonlinear nature of online reading helps support critical thinking. Students also learn to question the perspective and bias of online sources. Comprehension: Students learn important online reading skills, such as how to distinguish news articles from blog posts and editorials. They carefully read texts they encounter online to understand and evaluate different perspectives.

Internet Reciprocal Teaching Promotes the Five Cs

Nationalism

five phases:

Despite the serious wrong done to us, the occupation of the port of Kiaochow was undertaken with the greatest care. We wish for the continuation of the friendship that has so long bound Germany with China and which so far has never been clouded.

ake up the White Man’s burden — The savage wars of peace — Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease;

Animals

REFERENCES

Drugs and chemicals

Tests for Phenolic compounds

Clinical bacterial strains used for the study

Agarose gel electrophoresis

Inoculum preparation

Symptomatology

Prevalence of tdhand trhgenes among V. parahaemolyticusfrom Cochin estuary, shrimp farm and seafood

Gel documentation and image analysis

Production of DNas

Plasmid curing of Vibriofrom Cochin estuary,shrimp farms and seafood

Plasmid curing experiment

Gel documentation and image analysis

Genbank accession numbers

Voges Proskauer (acetoin production) test

Oxidative-Fermentative test

Oxidase test

Gram staining

Presumptive identification

Voges Proskauer (acetoin production) tes

Oxidative-Fermentative test

Oxidase tes

Gram staining

Presumptive identification

Evolutionary relationships of sorghum, rice and Arabidopsis with respect to Dofgene family

Phylogenetic and motif analysis of sequenced Dof domains

In silico characterization of sequenced Dof domains of cereal

Digestion of Plasmid DNA

Minipreparation of plasmid DNA from transformed co

Screening of recombinant E. coli clone

Scoring of amplification data points and construction of a den

Primer designing for PCR amplification of Dof domain and D

Sterilization

Determination of antileishmanial antibody responses in hamster

Treatment of L. donovani infected hamsters and isolation of mononuclear cells (lymph node cells)

Overexpression and Purification of recombinant protein (rLdTP

Production of polyclonal antibodies against rLdADHT and We

Purification of recombinant ADHT (rLdADHT)

Recombinant protein Expression

Clone confirmation

Transformation procedure

Transformation in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) cells

Preparation of media for bacterial cell culture

Cygwin

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay

Quantification of ROS

Hydrogen peroxide quenching activity

TGDSC analysis

DLS particle size and zeta potential analysis

FTIR analysis

TEM-EDAX analysis

UV–visible spectral analysis

Characterization of AgNPs

Haemocyte morphogenesis

Lactate dehydrogenase

Asparate (AAT) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Gut enzyme profile

Utilization of VS by the prey

Statistical analysi

Salivary gland-Histology

Cholesterol content

Glycogen content

Protein content

Estimation of biomolecules (Protein, glycogen and cholesterol) inmuscle and gill tissue of fish, Labeo rohita

Conclusion

Chlorophyllcontent

Number of grains per spike

NaCl concentration

Increased Chemokine and Toll like receptor on T cells after vaccination in HBV positive newborns.

Vaccination improved the Chemokine receptor CCR1, CCR3, CCR9 and Toll like receptor TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 expression in HBsAgpositive newborns compared to healthy newborns.

T cell frequencies(Post vaccination response)

Post-vaccination immune responses in newborns

Virological assessment: Quantitative RT-PCR detection of HBV DNA

Ni-NTA elution buffer

Large scale purification of BPN in CHO cells from pSecTag2 vector

Cell culture

GFP-β-catenin-C (ARM)

Cell Cycle Analysis

Instruments

Growth of Bacteria

Procedure

Extraction of Tannin

Reagent

Tannin

Standard

Estimation

Extraction

Reagent

Free amino acid

Calculation

Procedure

Reagent

Proline

Extraction and determination of sugar

Standard curve of sugar

Reagents

Estimation of total sugar

Extraction and determination of protein

Standard curve of protein

Reagents

Estimation of protein

Extraction and determination of ascorbic acid

Standard curve of ascorbic acid

Reagents

Estimation of ascorbic acid

Biochemical

ELISA washing buffer

Immunization of the animals

Agarose gel electrophoresis

Transformation buffer

T-Cell Receptor Mutation Assay

RS-1 in Cancer samples

Enzyme Linked ImmunosorbentAssay

Procedur

Reagents

Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity

Single Cell Tes

Electrochemical Measurement

Catalyst Preparation

Materials

THE EFFECT OF SEAWATER TOWARDS THE CONDUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE ONPt1:Sn1:Mo1/VC NANOCATALYSTS FOR NON-MEMBRANEFUEL

Single Cell Tes

Single Cell Test

Single Cell Test

Microbial Contamina

Estimation of sugars

Age, Height, Weight and Height-Weight Ratio

Mesomorph-endomorph:

Peptides were synthesized by standard solid phase synthesis protocols using Fmoc chemistry on a semi-automated peptide synthesizer (Model 90, Advanced Chemtech). For this, Wang resin pre-loaded with N-a-Fmoc-Glu was used as the starting material. The stepwise coupling of Fmoc amino acids was performed with DIPCDIIHOBT activation procedure. The coupling of each step was monitored by Kaiser test for free amine and wherever necessary, a double coupling was used to increase the yield. Before each coupling step and on completion of the synthesis, the N-terminal Fmoc group was removed using 20% piperidine (v/v in DMF). The peptides were cleaved from the resin and the side chains deprotected with appropriate volume of a mixture containing TF A, ethanedithiol, phenol, thioanisole and water (80:5:5:5:5, v/v). The resin was removed by filtration and the crude cleaved peptides were precipitated using cold diethyl ether and extracted in water. The peptides were purified by RPHPLC and their chemical identity was checked by mass spectrometry

ynthesis of al-30 analogs

The activities ofβ-xylosidase, xylan acetylesterase and arbinofuranosidase were measured using 1 mM p-nitrophenylxylopyranoside, p-nitrophenylacetate and p-nitrophenylarabinofuranoside, respectively prepared in sodium citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0). One mL of reaction mixture containing 0.2 mL of crude enzyme solution, 0.3 mL of sodium citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0) and 0.5 mL of substrate was incubated at 80 °C for 30 min. The reaction was terminated by adding 2 mL sodium carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (1.0 M, pH 10.0). The activities were determined using p-nitrophenol standard curve (1-10 μg mL-1) drawn using absorbance values measured in spectrophotometer at 400 nm. One unit of the enzyme is defined as the amount of enzyme that liberates 1μmole of p-nitrophenol mL-1min-1 under assay conditions.

Assays for β-Xylosidase, acetylesterase and arbinofuranosidase

Metagenomic library obtained from various extracted DNA was screened by replica plating method on 0.3 % w/v RBB xylan containing LB-amp plates. The cells were allowed to grow for overnight at 37 °C and thereafter incubated at 4 °C till the appearance of zone of hydrolysis. A total of 36,400 clones from various environmental samples were screened.

SCREENING OF THE TRANSFORMANTS FOR XYLANASE ACTIVITY

PurifiedDNA fragments of size 2-8 kb were ligated to the treated vector using a 1:3::vector :insert ratio in a volume of 10 μL. The total amount of DNA was about 0.5 μg. Vector and insert DNA was heated to 45 °C for 10 min and the immediately chilled on ice for 5 min prior to addition of ligase and buffer. T4 DNA ligase (NEB, England) was added to a final concentration of 0.125 UμL-1 and reactions were incubated at 16 °C for overnight in a ligation chamber. Reaction mixture incubated under same condition without addition of the enzyme was used as control. A ligation reaction was also set up under condition with linear plasmid DNA containing the

5 III of the ligation mix was added to competent cells and mixed gently and the mix was kept on ice for 30 min before giving a heat shock at 42°C for 1 min. The· mixture was incubated on ice for 2 min and 900 III of LB broth was added to each tube. The cells were recovered by centrifugation at 250 rpm at 37°C for 1 h and were plated on LB agar plates containing the appropriate antibiotic(s) and incubated overnight at 37°C

Transformation in E. coli

. Jalciparum cultures were maintained as described previously (Trager and Jensen, 1976). Briefly, P. Jalciparum strain 3D7 was cultured at 37°C in RPMI " 1640 medium (list I) in 0+ RBCs supplemented with 10% AB+ human serum or : 0.5% Albumax II (complete medium). All media were preheated to 37°C and care was taken to minimize the handling time outside the 37°C incubator. Cultures were gassed with 5% CO2, 3% O2, and 92% N2 for 20 seconds and maintained at 37°C.

Maintenance of P.falciparum cultures

Trypan blue is a diazo vital stain which selectively colours the dead cells blue that can be visualized under light microscope. Equal volumes of cell suspension and -0.4% trypan blue dye were mixed and incubated at room temperature for 5 min. 10 J!L of stained cells were loaded on to a hemocytometer and a count of the number of viable and dead cells were made. This procedure was carried out routinely to ensure that cell viability is >95% before plating cells for experiments

Assay for cell viability by Trypan blue dye exclusion method

Phaser is a program for phasing macromolecular crystal structures by both molecular replacement and experimental phasing methods (A. J. McCoy, 2007). The novel algorithms in Phaser are based on maximum likelihood probability theory and multivariate statistics rather than the traditional least-squares and Patterson methods. For molecular replacement, the new algorithms have proved to be significantly better than traditional methods in discriminating correct solutions from noise. One of the design concepts of Phaser was that it be capable of a high degree of automation. Phaser has novel maximum likelihood phasing algorithms for the rotation functions and translation functions in MR, but also implements other non-likelihood algorithms that are critical to success in certain cases.

Automated molecular replacement program (Phaser)

simultaneously uses all symmetry operators, resulting in a single peak with an improved signal-to-noise ratio which directly gives the position of the model in the unit cell. In addition, the TF is coupled with a PF to remove false maxima which correspond to interpenetrating molecules. Both the TF and PF allow the incorporation of a second model already placed in the cell. The TF solution may be subjected to rigid-body refinement incorporated in MOLREP. Non crystallographic symmetry may be imposed on the model in order to restrain the refinement. Pseudo-translation is automatically detected from analysis of the Patterson map. A significant off-origin peak gives the pseudo-translation vector, which is used to modify structure factors in the TF calculation (Navaza et al., 1998). In MOLREP multiple copies of the macromolecule in the unit cell can be searched (Vagin, 2000).

MOLREP is an automated program for molecular replacement that utilizes a number of original approaches to rotational and translational search and data preparation. MOLREP can perform a variety of tasks that require rotational and/or positional search: standard MR, multi-copy search, fitting a model into electron density, heavy-atom search and model superposition. The arsenal of rotation (RF) and translation (TF) functions includes self-RF, cross-RF, locked cross-RF, phased RF, full-symmetry TF, phased TF, spherically averaged phased TF and packing function (PF).The program is general for all space groups. The output of the program is a PDB file with the atomic model ready for refinement and a text file with details of the calculations. The rotational search is performed using the RF of (Crowther, 1972), which utilizes the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique. The default radius of the integration sphere is derived from the size of the search model and is usually two times larger than the radius of gyration. The RF solutions are refined prior to positional search using a rigid-body technique. The refinement is performed in space group PI and the outcome is evaluated by the correlation coefficient. It

Automated molecular replacement program (MOLREP)

include SORTING, that sorts, packs and assesses the quality of the experimentally measured diffraction data, and is run in the first step. The program TABLING calculates the continuous Fourier coefficients from the model placed in the artificial cell. The cross-rotation function is carried out by the program ROTING, which uses Crowther's algorithm (Crowther, 1972). TRAING is used to calculate the translation function. Finally FITING is used to refine the orientational and positional parameters of the molecule corresponding to the potential solutions, as a rigid body.

To carry out MR, the AMoRe package can be used. AMoRe constitutes a suite of programs written by Jorge Navaza (Navaza, 1993; Navaza, 1994). These

Automated molecular replacement package (AMoRe)

was subsequently used as a probe model to carry out molecular replacement for one of the Fab-peptide complex; remainmg three Fab-peptide complexes were solved by using Ppy-LH as search model. The structure of antigen bound 36-65 Fab (2A61) was used for molecular replacement of two Fab-peptide complexes of the same antibody. AMoRe (Navaza, 1994) and Phaser packages from CCP4 suite (Elizabeth Potterton, 2003) were used for structure determination of antigen free BBE6.12H3 Fab and its complexes with peptide, respectively. The solution for 36-65 complexes was determined by using MOLREP from CCP4 suite. Both for MOLREP and AMoRe, calculations for rotation/translation functions were carried out using structure factors from 8 to 4 A resolutions. The transformation matrices obtained from AMoRe for antigen free Fab was utilized to orient the models in the corresponding unit cell. However, both Phaser and MOLREP have a module which automatically does orientation. The packing function of Phaser also checks for possible clashes or voids between the symmetry related molecules. All the solutions were unambiguous. For outputs of AMoRe and MOLREP the crystal packing was examined using Coot (Emsley P, 2004) to ascertain the absence of steric clashes or large voids between symmetry related molecules. Calculations of the Matthews coefficient (Kantardjieff and Rupp, 2003) indicated presence of two molecules for antigen free Fab and a single Fab molecule for all Fab-peptide complexes within the asymmetric unit.

wavelength component in three dimensions inversely proportional to their values of h, k and /. The image of the object can be reconstructed by recombining the individual sine waves as occur in the objective lens of the microscope. Since it is not possible to focus the X-rays, only the intensities could be recorded with the loss of phases, well known as phase problem of crystallography. Macromolecular crystal structures are usually solved using one of the three techniques; multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR), multiple anomalous dispersion (MAD) or molecular replacement (MR). Of the three, MR is generally used in cases where a structural homolog is available. Since the structure of a number of antibodies is already known, MR is the method of choice for structure determination of antibody Fab. The molecular replacement method, involves orienting and positioning a model molecule in the experimental unit cell through rotations and translations. The rotation function developed by Rossman and Blow ( 1962), involves rotation of the Patterson function of one group or molecule with respect to the other in all possible ways and the ultimate superimposition of the two Patterson functions. The translation function deals with positioning the oriented molecule in the unit cell of the unknown structure. It utilizes the cross vectors between various symmetrically related molecules for positioning the probe in the target unit cell. The translation function is carried out by moving the oriented model in small increments along all three directions and calculating the correlation between observed and calculated intensities. From the solutions obtained, the one with the highest correlation and lowest R-factor was chosen for molecular replacement. The structure of the Fab of putative anti-NP germ line mAb Nl G9 was used for molecular replacement. The refined model of the native unliganded germline Fab

The goal of diffraction analysis is reconstruction of the detailed structure of the asymmetric unit from a diffraction pattern. The diffraction pattern breaks down the structure into discrete sine waves. Any shape can be presented in three dimensions as the sum of sine waves of varying amplitudes and phases. The individual reflections of a diffraction pattern represent such waves, which have

Structure determination using molecular replacement

Structure determination

Transformation of the bacterial host with an appropriate plasmid was performed using the method of Mandel and Higa ( 1970). A vial of competent bacterial cells was thawed on ice. The plasmid DNA was added at a concentration 1 ng/25 Jll of competent cells and the mixture was allowed to stand on ice for 30 min. The cells were given a heat shock by incubating the mixture at 42 °C for 90 sec, followed by a 2 min. incubation on ice. The mixture was diluted 10-fold with LB and incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. Afterwards the cells were plated on the LB-agar containing the antibiotic whose resistance marker was present in the plasmid.

Transformation of Bacterial Host