50:32 Currency is the governments I.O.U. 52:04 When the government gets its tax, it no longer has the debt so it burns the currency which was an I.O.U.

6:48 Federal Government Issues Currency

COVID-19 vaccine mandates a key issue in federal election campaign. (n.d.). Thestarphoenix. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://thestarphoenix.com/news/local-news/covid-19-vaccine-mandates-a-key-issue-in-federal-election-campaign

Galvão-Castro, B., Cordeiro, R. S. B., & Goldenberg, S. (2022). Brazilian science under continuous attack. The Lancet, 399(10319), 23–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02727-6

Gaba, C. (2021, November 17). RED SHIFT: How Trump’s attempt to let COVID-19 destroy Blue America reversed itself, animated [Text]. ACA Signups. https://acasignups.net/21/11/17/red-shift-how-trumps-attempt-let-covid-19-destroy-blue-america-reversed-itself-animated

Bard, Jennifer S. ‘6 Actions the Federal Government Should Take in Response to the Delta Variant’. Bill of Health, 27 July 2021. http://blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2021/07/27/delta-covid-variant-government-response/.

Lindow, Mike, David DeFranza, Arul Mishra, and Himanshu Mishra. ‘Scared into Action: How Partisanship and Fear Are Associated with Reactions to Public Health Directives’. PsyArXiv, 12 January 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8me7q.

Andersen, M., Maclean, J. C., Pesko, M. F., & Simon, K. I. (2020). Effect of a Federal Paid Sick Leave Mandate on Working and Staying at Home: Evidence from Cellular Device Data (Working Paper No. 27138; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27138

Grigsby, S., Hernàndez, A., John, S., Désirée Jones-Smith, Kaufmann, K., Patrick, C., Prener, C., Tranel, M., & Udani, A. (2020). Resistance to Racial Equity in U.S. Federalism and its Impact on Fragmented Regions [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jnvzf

Dunn, C. G., Kenney, E., Fleischhacker, S. E., & Bleich, S. N. (2020). Feeding Low-Income Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), e40. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2005638

Federalism has the capability of being both bad and good. It just depends who you ask. On one side the advantages of fedaralism is it creates more effectiveness and makes the government stable. On the other hand federalism is risky it gets expensive, lead to a complex tax system and is slow in responses to crisis.

Historians have given a lot of attention to the relationship between the federal and state governments. The states must comply with laws passed by the US Congress as long as the laws do not violate the U.S. Constitution.

https://www.fbo.gov/ (Federal Business Opportunities) is the hub for all US government contracting documents, including RFPs (Requests for Proposals), RFIs (Requests for Information), and announcements of awarded contracts. This EFF page explains how this site is a good tool for journalists.