Nicholas Carlini at Anthropic tasked Claude with building a C compiler from scratch, spending roughly $20K in API costs.
这个案例展示了AI系统在专业领域的应用能力,20万美元的API成本反映了高质量AI评估的显著经济成本。99%的GCC torture test通过率是一个令人印象深刻的指标,表明AI系统在特定领域可以达到接近人类专家的水平。
Nicholas Carlini at Anthropic tasked Claude with building a C compiler from scratch, spending roughly $20K in API costs.
这个案例展示了AI系统在专业领域的应用能力,20万美元的API成本反映了高质量AI评估的显著经济成本。99%的GCC torture test通过率是一个令人印象深刻的指标,表明AI系统在特定领域可以达到接近人类专家的水平。
Without experience with compiler behavior, the agent couldn't have predicted which 'optimizations' the compiler would already handle.
这一观察揭示了AI代理在编译优化方面的局限性:代理无法准确预测编译器已经自动处理的优化。这表明AI代理需要更深入理解编译器行为和现代编译技术,以避免徒劳的优化尝试。这一发现对AI辅助编程系统的发展具有重要启示,强调了领域知识整合的重要性。
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The compiler can load uint16 c into a register and use the right ALU and branch ops on it, and JS_CCODE doesn't need other than jschar (uint16) for its macro-parameter.
Horay! How CPU and compiler do this, register and ALU.
Since a local variable’s declaration always occurs before it is used, the VM can resolve them at compile time, even in a simple single-pass compiler. That will let us use a smarter representation for locals.
Local variables' declaration always occurs before it is used, the VM can resolve them at compile time, even in a simple single-pass compiler.
When you run your Python program using [CPython], the code is parsed and converted to an internal bytecode format, which is then executed inside the VM. From the user’s perspective, this is clearly an interpreter—they run their program from source. But if you look under CPython’s scaly skin, you’ll see that there is definitely some compiling going on. The answer is that it is both. CPython is an interpreter, and it has a compiler.
You can actually compile all of your Python code beforehand using the compileall module on the command line:
$ python3 -m compileall .
This will place the compiled bytecode of all Python files in the current directory in pycache/ and show you any compiler errors.
The fact that error messages are generated by different stages of the compiler, and compilers generally issue errors from earlier stages before continuing also means that you can discover the stages of your compiler by deliberately creating errors in a program.
Recap
In this article you started implementing your own version of Python. To do so, you needed to create four main components:
A tokenizer: * accepts strings as input (supposedly, source code); * chunks the input into atomic pieces called tokens; * produces tokens regardless of their sequence making sense or not.
A parser: * accepts tokens as input; * consumes the tokens one at a time, while making sense they come in an order that makes sense; * produces a tree that represents the syntax of the original code.
A compiler: * accepts a tree as input; * traverses the tree to produce bytecode operations.
An interpreter: * accepts bytecode as input; * traverses the bytecode and performs the operation that each one represents; * uses a stack to help with the computations.
To write our compiler, we'll just create a class with a method compile. The method compile will mimic the method parse in its structure. However, the method parse produces tree nodes and the method compile will produce bytecode operations.
The compiler is the part of our program that will take a tree (an AST, to be more precise) and it will produce a sequence of instructions that are simple and easy to follow.
Instead of interpreting the tree directly, we'll use a compiler to create an intermediate layer.
Write your own compiler in 24 hours
Interesting need to look at this , It would be a good execercise.
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Ruby 2.6 introduces an initial implementation of a JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler. The JIT compiler aims to improve the performance of Ruby programs. Unlike traditional JIT compilers which operate in-process, Ruby’s JIT compiler writes out C code to disk and spawns a common C compiler to generate native code. For more details about it, see the MJIT organization by Vladimir Makarov.
We only needed to convert Java constructs that Saxon actually uses
If you manage to make Svelte aware of what needs to be tracked, chances are that the resulting code will be more performant than if you roll your own with events or whatever. In part because it will use Svelte's runtime code that is already present in your app, in part because Svelte produces seriously optimized change tracking code, that would be hard to hand code all while keeping it human friendly. And in part because your change tracking targets will be more narrow.
Rather than compiling directly to machine code or assembly language, it compiles to a lower-level intermediate language. It source-to-source compiles to C, which is then compiled with a C compiler for a given platform, such as GCC.
I'm also not a fan of compilers-needed mentality in general.
Frontend frameworks are a positive sum game! Svelte has no monopoly on the compiler paradigm either. Just like I think React is worth learning for the mental model it imparts, where UI is a (pure) function of state, I think the frontend framework-as-compiler paradigm is worth understanding. We're going to see a lot more of it because the tradeoffs are fantastic, to where it'll be a boring talking point before we know it.
browserify is a tool for compiling node-flavored commonjs modules for the browser.
Svelte takes advantage from its position as compiler to make reactivity a language feature
Typically, unified compilers return string. This compiler returns a ReactElement.
Because Svelte is a compiler, we're not bound to the peculiarities of JavaScript: we can design a component authoring experience, rather than having to fit it around the semantics of the language.
For example, the one- pass (hardware) translator generated a symbol table and reverse Polish code as in conven- tional software interpretive languages. The translator hardware (compiler) operated at disk transfer speeds and was so fast there was no need to keep and store object code, since it could be quickly regenerated on-the-fly. The hardware-implemented job controller per- formed conventional operating system func- tions. The memory controller provided
Hardware assisted compiler is a fantastic idea. TPUs from Google are essentially this. They're hardware assistance for matrix multiplication operations for machine learning workloads created by tools like TensorFlow.
Svelte, on the other hand, is a compiler. In a way, Svelte is more like a programming language than a library.
Made analogy with internal combustion engine, which has 1000s of parts, with the "radical simplicity" approach taken by Tesla: they use an electric motor, which only has 2 components!
comparison: Sapper vs. Gatsby
Reason compiles to JavaScript thanks to our partner project, BuckleScript, which compiles OCaml/Reason into readable JavaScript with smooth interop. Reason also compiles to fast, barebone assembly, thanks to OCaml itself.
compiler structure; lexical and syntactic analysis; semantic analysis and code generation; theory of parsing
编译器需要学习的主题:
CS352: Compilers: princeples and practive
Static Code Analysis
the MiniJava project
Modern Compiler Implementation in Java

The Java Tree Builder
JTB: JavaCC 的前端