AN EFL READABILITY INDEX

Readability Formulas For EFL

SMOG Grading —– a New Readability

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE WRITING SKILLS THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF MOVIES SUPPORTED BY EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES

Watching Subtitled Films Can Help Learning Foreign Languages

I believe that the main reason why Benjamin Dreyer's Dreyer's English: an Utterly Correct Guide to Clarity and Style is so well-read, is that he's funny.

The humor is dry as a paper board, for example:

The NSA may be reading your emails and texts, but I’m not. If you prefer “Hi John” to “Hi, John,” you go right ahead.

and:

For the sake of clarity, we use hyphens to helpfully link up a pair or passel of words preceding and modifying a noun, as in: first-rate movie fifth-floor apartment middle-class morality nasty-looking restaurant all-you-can-eat buffet However, convention (a.k.a. tradition, a.k.a. consensus, a.k.a. it’s simply how it’s done, so don’t argue with it) allows for exceptions in some cases in which a misreading is unlikely, as in, say: real estate agent high school students And though you may, now that you’re staring at these constructions, wonder worryingly about the reality of that estate agent or the sobriety of those school students, I’d urge you to stop staring and move on. (Staring at words is always a bad idea. Stare at the word “the” for more than ten seconds and reality begins to recede.)

Another thing, Dreyer is both funny and witty. Here's a bonus example of this:

As a lexicographer friend once confided over sushi, the dictionary takes its cues from use: If writers don’t change things, the dictionary doesn’t change things. If you want your best-seller to be a bestseller, you have to help make that happen. If you want to play videogames rather than video games, go for it. I hope that makes you feel powerful. It should.

Ms. Massicot assigned this novella in her English class my junior year in high school. Fifty years later, Bartleby still informs my decision making everyday. Especially when responding to academics and educational institutions.

The calf’s leftover, The milk The fish’s leftover, The water The bee’s leftover The flower How can I worship? O Shiva! Shiva! How can O worship? To get over Leftovers! Is beyond me Take whatever comes O Kudalasangama Deva —Basavanna

Source

When angry, Isn’t it enough to jeer at me once? I Alas! Is it right To hand me over to love-god How can you hand over Your people By yielding to your foe? O Lord Kudalasangama -Basavanna

Source

When a pig and and an inebriated elephant Meet on the same road If the the elephant moves aside Will the pig become a lion? O Channamallikarjuna

-Akkamahadevi

Source

Is the drink of immortals hungry? Is water thirsty? Does Ultimate Knowledge embodied Have lust? The great Bhakta On whom the true guru has bestowed Compassion and performs Linga worship: Dis he have any other desire For liberation? For such ones It is born of itself and their nature Why search for for source of contentment? O Vishweswara dear to Urilingapeddi

Source

Does the thunder-hit well have any steps? Does someone rid of six hues have any color? Does someone ,after crossing the sea, have any boat? Does the scabbard put away have any use? Does someone without the body have any ornament? Does our Ajagannadeva have any language?

-Muktayakka

Source

If you get afraid It will not leave you If you falter It will not leave you If you are in a diamond cage It will not leave you You cannot prevent What is inscribed on your forehead Look! All your likes and wants Do not work Even if the mind loses firmness And its sap, What should happen Is unavoidable O Lord Kudalasangama -Basavanna

Source: HS Shiva Prakash

During four quarters of the day They fret and fume for food During four quarters of the night They fret and fume for misery When they see others shave off their heads They shave off their heads When they see others eating They eat Talking about places of pilgrimage Eight and sixteen types of worship Unable to puzzle out How to find their own treasure The experts of six-phased system Perished O Goggeshwara

Source: HS Shiva prakash

O master, if you are my guru And I, your desciple Rid me of the qualities of my senses Remove the karma of my body Eliminate the ways of my prana Stop the ways of my prana Hide in my body Hide in my prana Hide in my imagination Come on to my palm Bestow compassion on me Goggeshwara

-Allamaprabhu

Source: HS Shiva Prakash

After swallowing the ghee Can milk be apart from it? Who can separate the sunstone From its fire? O Channamallikarjuna Of numberless glories I saw How you are hidden in me Without being apart And opened My Eyes -Akkamahadevi

Source: HS Shiva Prakash

After wearing the mark of the lord Why wear that of love-god? Isn’t this a shame On your words and deeds?

Wagons, parasols, ornaments Horses and elephants -Why all this mess?

It is not pleasing To Linga, the Absolute

Says Chowdayya, the Boatman

Chowdayya the Boatman

Source: HS Shiva prakash

The secret of sesame seed Not drenching in spite of Having oil; Of stone not exploding in spite of Having heat; Of not enjoying the virgin In spite of having lust; Of not cutting off breath and nature In spite of being beyond How can mortals understand this? O Ramanatha -Dasimayya the Weaver

Source: HS Shiva prakash

If the baby is born of sexual union Why Brahma’s boast? If existence is all play Why Vishnu’s kindness to beings? If killing is though treachery Why Rudra’s monstrous cruelty? Because all these are birth-dependant They are not made of our deeds Where is virtue in this? Penetrate this secret Agamyeshwara, Lord of Gummata -Manu Muni Gummatadeva

Source: HS Shiva Kumar

When every body part Of sharana becomes Linga What if his body falls In which place? What if it stays or falls? What if it did not stay And turns into void? Wherever he goes There is no glitch For his identity with Linga -Chowdayya the Ferryman

Source: HS Shiva Kumar

Wear the highest honour round your neck Keep the highest honour in your heart I am content with the service of being your slave O Mahalinga Kalleshwara

-Havinhala Kallayya

Source: HS Shiva Kumar

Whoever just wears a sack Is no guru Whoever just carries a saffron garb Is no jangama Whoever is just tied down to virtue Is no devotee of Shiva Just water and food Are no sacred offerings If anyone says Yes- Pick up a sandal weighing half a mana Swing it And hit him non-stop,

Says Chowdayya the Ferryman

Source: HS Shiva Kumar

While experiencing body’s karmas Why talk of the sacred wisdom? Has logic anything to do with sacred wisdom? The speech of a thief who has stolen The alchemical root Unable to penetrate its mysteries: Will the wise accept his word? Understand its mysteries Become wise in the six-phased path Realise Sidhdharama Dear to Marulasidhdha In awareness

Source: HS Shiva Kumar

When the soldier in the battle Is careless with the hand Won’t the enemy soldier Come to stave him? If one is careless about The mind remembering you Will maya forget to eat up the body? Remember Father Kudalasanga, O friend, Your sins will melt like sealing wax -Basavanna

Source: HS Shiva Kumar

After getting rid of the fantasy of the body After tearing up the contamination of life-breath Unless true devotion becomes possible You cannnot bring anyone to the bliss of Linga If someone says: ‘ I have made it, and You can take it’- That is ignorance O Sangana Basavanna No offering to anyone Unless he has not destroyed all traces For Goggeshwara Linga Retaining only the truth of the self -Allamaprabhu

Source: HS Shiva Kumar

When the madness of lust Goes to the head The vision of discrimination Is lost The memory of Pashupati Disappears When the mind grows Dull Can one remember the mantra? Tell me, O Ramanatha -Dasimimayya the Weaver

Source: HS Shiva Kumar

Because of the body I saw saw actions Because of good actions I saw good feelings Because of feelings I saw your true form From the true form I saw the experience of self Attained, O father Because of the experience of self I became rid of sins and impurities Of the body and senses, O father O Kadambalinga Because you of your image On the seat of my palm I see you in every limb O father -Kampada Maritande

Source: HS Shiva Prakash

If you send the calf To a cow bereft of milk She can only give a kick But cannot offer milk Does one bereft of wisdom Know the right action? Right action is the calf Virtue is its milk Yearning is the cow Once the understanding dawns of The distinction between the three The one’s own self Is Sadashivamurthilinga —Maritande the Pot-maker

Source: HS Shiva Kumar

Because the children and young ones have died Because sorrows and afflictions have come to stay Can one go scotfree Abandoning worship of ishtalinga? When the jangama comes to beg Observing his duty and vow Can you say O friend ‘ Why your irritation?’ And still practice Bhakti? Sorrows and afflictions cannot come On their own Coming into birth and becoming Is itself sorrow This is certain, Says Chowdayya the Ferryman

-Chowdayya the Ferryman

Source: HS Shiva Prakash

Thankless wife Characterless kinsmen Lifeless body

What use are they?

You people look for Fragrance in a spoilt flower Charm in a used whore Unity in filthy waters

Listen, you, mad one! The Harry-charmer of Girija, the great guru The great miracle-master Lord Kudalasangama -He alone is for the whole world

• Basavanna

Source: HS Shiva Prakash

Only he is poor in wealth Who is not pure of heart When he performs labour With a pure heart For such a true Bhakta Lakshmi becomes wherever he looks So long as he is in service Of Amareshwara Linga —Lakkamma the Rice-gleaner

Source: HS Shiva Prakash

This piece connects with the authors opening by talking about her daughter again. At the beginning of her article she talks about her doctors appointment and being told that she is going to have a little girl. The author then follows up with statistics on why most would rather have a boy. I think that since she wrapped back around to her own personal experience and thoughts that it makes it resonate more with the reader. She targets the audience with an emotional connection, or pathos, gets all of her points out. Discusses how society makes girls out to the lesser gender and then comes back in with why this topic is important to her. So, I think that this is an effective strategy.

multiple levels of understanding

A possible assertion that American custom or culture is better than European.

Art school established in 1818 by Henry Sass.

Sir John Everett Millais is known as an English Painter but he also the founder of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

Sir John Everett Millais was an English painter but is also the founder of Pre Raphaelite Botherhood.

Forget is something that you can’t remember or recalled.

Moment is like a spit second

Football is a sport you play.

The word pleasure means happiness or joy

As someone who loves design (especially to do with books and texts (e.g. Coralie Bickford-Smith's work with Penguin Publishing)), this is very interesting to me. This may not have to do with digital humanities per say, but the interplay of physical books (especially publishing companies and their need to $compete$ with digital texts) with digital modes of communication has led to the design of more aesthetically pleasing book designs. This idea makes me think that maybe books are viewed as elitist forms, and digital texts are viewed as 'lower' forms.

This quote spoke me because the way, Carroll play with language. For example, she was trying to figure out where she was but it was “too dark” then she spot “sides of the well”. Noticed something like “cupboards and books-shelves, maps and pictures”. It almost like Carroll wrote this for kids to feel welcome and free.

Looking at this text from Chapter 9 of Huckleberry Finn, think about voice and diction choices. Mark and comment on places where you see Twain building Huck's character through his observations and specific word choices. You might note a word that is unusual or particularly apt or a sentence that you think works or does not.

Was Sumner right? If so, why do you think so?

hour is pronounced more like OUR therefore you use the article an and NOT a

Where would you use a and an

Paradox

DH as moving English more toward the statistical...

1. adj before noun
2. article the

[I have no doubt that Jefferson studied The genuine principles of the ancient Saxon, or English constitution, Volume 4 prior to writing the Declaration of Independence]

(https://books.google.com/books?id=jatbAAAAQAAJ&dq=Prudence%20indeed%20will%20dictate%20that%20governments&pg=PA41#v=onepage&q=Prudence%20indeed%20will%20dictate%20that%20governments&f=false)

<iframe frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="border:0px" src="https://books.google.com/books?id=jatbAAAAQAAJ&dq=Prudence%20indeed%20will%20dictate%20that%20governments&pg=PA1&output=embed" width=500 height=500></iframe>

Okay this website works for annotating. The New York Times must have restrictions that don't allow selecting of text.

I believe that the question, "has the information been revised or updated" is the most important question in this section because if its not up to date then it may not be accurate.

It is interesting that, in the higher education landscape of the 21st century, this view of rhetoric seems to have been more widely accepted by Communication scholars more so than English Literature scholars. I think that the tension between Communication and English departments at so many universities is absurd, but the focus that Burke places on effects and tangible reactions seems to be the cause of this tension.

My point in saying this is that Burke seems to be solely interested in rhetoric as a form of communication.

I feel that Byron has always struggled with identity so it does not surprise me that Throsby points out the distinction between author and text beginning to blur. Lord Byron has been known to live a "risque"lifestyle so whose to say their is not very much distinction between what Byron writes and what he leaves? This adds to the mystique of who Lord Byron is and add to his appeal to women reading his literature.

Though "standard" English is still important, it seems that there was more anxiety about standardization and prescriptive language/grammar during the Enlightenment than there is now. What accounts for this concern? Does it have anything to do with expansion in education, or leaning more towards the vernacular in school?

The conclusion is a lot easier to understand for someone who is new to psychology and for me makes the article and the points it is trying to argue much more accessible.

The article becomes significantly harder to understand for the general public when P values and a levels are used extensively.

I think that the author is mainly appealing towards an academic audience with some prior knowledge in the field. This is due to language such as empirical and mainly discussing data as opposed to a popular science article.

Is it really though? There has to be some limits to what you can do... The game is designed to react to different actions and the boy just has to figure out what would work. Let me know if I am assuming incorrectly

Yes but if children are not developing a love for reading at a young age, they're missing out on so much! Books all have some message that they are trying to get across, and computer games aren't getting that in-depth and personal and relating to kids everyday lives. Sure, they teach different educational skills, but the connection between a child and a book is much more personal then a child having a connection with an app or computer game.

The education in the 21st century has offered a lot of predictions, and the future imperatives have also been utilized by the education in the 21st century which was obviously not done in the education strategies in the 19th century.http://blog.selectmytutor.co.uk/education-level-in-21st-century-from-19th-century/

Today English is the most commonly used, i.e. spoken, written and listened language, making it extremely popular all around the world. In many countries, it has become the second official language, as they have understood the importance of it in the modern context. http://blog.selectmytutor.co.uk/top-10-books-on-english-language/

海马体

有效

蜡

比较

just trying to make things better for kids, but can't due to school's education system

The kids are being denied rights to learn english and have resorted to outside sources like television for learning.

https://hypothes.is/groups/d9iWw2wW/english-ii-1a

Annotate this document using the strategies covered in our discussion at the beginning of class (before, during, after). Use the English II tag in your annotations.

What does this stanza mean to you?

page 49

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page 29

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page 15

Still fighting over Edmund, dies of poision

"did they do anything?" --no answer

There's a fight i'm coming to your house ~ lear

he's coming over ~Goneril

He did wrong here, he is the one sinning

This is an archaic use of the -eth suffix for third-person indicative. This faded from usage during the Middle and Early Modern English periods.

Labov’s key text on the sociolinguistics of African American Vernacular English, with special attention to verbal eloquence (such as ritual insults, similar to Hip Hop taunts) regardless of literacy levels.

Vagabong: a person who wanders from place to place without a home or job. (as defined by Google)

In what way would The New World provide an escape for the vagabonds? Was it an easy way to get rid of them? Were they going to use them for work?

Could this go back to the Genesis reading, where God speaks of "dominion", but clearly in a more extreme sense?

How the Grinch Stole Grammar, Tom Freeman<br> Impressive. Most impressive.

There are sixteen lines of verse before Milton reaches his first period. He uses this first sentence to call forth the "Heavenly Muse" (possibly the Holy Spirit) to help him compose his "adventurous song."

What if they had called for peace instead?

Nothing was gained by the attack. Only lives were lost, on both sides

A very good philosophy.

Seems to be more of a competition with the Spanish rather than satisfying God.