• "visual" account of the anecdote for easy remember

for - history - connection stories that challenge the Genesis control story- begin with indigenous peoples of North America - then ping pong back and forth between Europe and North America - from - Emergence Magazine - interview - An Ethics of Wild Mind - David Hinton

history - connection stories that challenge the Genesis control story - Indigenous elders of North America share stories with some Westerners in the United States and Canada - These are shared in Europe and become popular, especially amongst intellectuals - It was refreshing to hear an account of nature that wasn't considered evil and that had to be tamed and brought into God's order - Alexander von Humboldt wrote some of these and was widely read - Thoreau, WHitman and Rousseau read Humboldt - British and German Romantics such as Wordworth, Shelly and Coleridge are also influenced by it and see the rediscovery of the wonder of nature as an antidote to the alienation of the industrial age - Completing the circle, American intellects Thoreau and Emerson read the Romantics, in turn influencing Whitman and John Muir

The markets and level of ubiquity of these items in their heyday are so dramatically different that this is certainly an apples and oranges comparison.

However, if you want to compare the artist/users of the instrument to their machines, which is a way of potentially intuiting a potential answer to your question (one which is highly subjective), you might go by who was using particular typewriters of the time. Here's some data to consider: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/typers.html

For that rough era in American-made machines, you'll see peak engineering/manufacturing in the 1950s out of the Smith-Corona Super Silent, the Remington Quiet-Riter, and the Royal Quiet De Luxe. Design, touch, and tuning can all be such subjective measures here so as to heavily Muddy (the) Waters ('52 Gibson Les Paul Gold Top/'58 Fender Telecaster) on style, quality, and popularity amongst the cognoscenti. Peak quality in the 60s had broadly moved to post-war Germany and Italy with machines from Olympia (SM3, 4, 5, 7, etc.) and Olivetti respectively.

For my personal money, in American machines of the time, I love the design and performance of my well-tuned, and mostly restored 1950 Royal KMG. However, the current market certainly wouldn't indicate a broader beloved status for these the way you'll see for Stratocasters. (You'll also find some horribly maintained and un-tuned machines out there on the market, which is why so much of the antique and vintage typewriter market pricing is so wildly out of whack.)

A separate flavor of question certainly, but if you're looking for a solid performing typewriter to pair aesthetically and temporally with a '64 Strat, I'd go with a Royal FP ('57-62) (which came in Royaltone or Pearl Dark Gray smooth, Royaltone or Pearl Light Gray smooth, Willow Green smooth, Sea Blue smooth, Cameo Pink smooth (Petal Pink) , Brushed Aluminum, Sandstone smooth, and Coral Rose) or the smaller Royal Futura 800 ('58-'63).

for - history - French and American Revolution - the role of coffee houses during the Enlightenment

summary - Coffee has a fascinating history - The relationship between coffee and alcohol was interesting - In Muslim culture, coffee houses began appearing in the Ottoman Empire because alcohol was forbidden for Muslims - The coffeehouses spread from the Ottoman Empire to Europe where it replaced the daily ritual of drinking beer - People in London did not drink the polluted Thames because it was so unhygienic that they could catch cholera - Alcohol had its side effects however, of making everyone drowsy. When the Industrial Revolution appeared, this drowsiness could lead to terrible industrial accidents - Coffee was the perfect replacement. Some speculate that it made the Industrial Revolution possible - Coffee houses began to spring up in London. Like in the Ottoman Empire, they were frowned upon by elites because this ability for all types of people to gather for the first time was perceived as a threat to political stability - Among the ideas born in coffee houses and cafes: - French Revolution - Storming of the Bastille j - Enlightenment intellectuals met here - American Revolution - Sons of Liberty met and planned the American Revolution - Benjamin Franklin frequented - Lloyds of London was conceived of - The idea of the Newspaper started due to notes of ideas exchanged and communicated in different columns of notes recorded - Famous scientists met there like Isaac Newton - London Stock Exchange was conceived of here

for - trivia / history - Paris Cafes - La Rotonde cafe - Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, F.Scott Fitzgerald and T.S. Eliot frequented

for - trivia / history - Paris cafes - Cafe de Foy - The Storming of the Bastille was announced here

for - trivia / history - Paris Cafes - Cafe Procope - Enlightenment - French Revolution - Rosseau, Diderot and Voltaire met and shared ideas here with the public

for - trivia / history - coffee house - quote - Paris Cafe as organizing ground for the agitators that led the French Revolution

quote - Where does so much mad agitation come from? - From a crowd of - minor clerks and lawyers, - from unknown writers, - starving scribblers, - who go about rabble-rousing in clubs and cafés. - These are the hotbeds that have forged the weapons with which the masses are armed today.

for - trivia / history - coffee house - Smyrna Coffee House in London - Benjamin Franklin wrote his famous Open Letter to Lord North satirizing the King's power over the colonies.

for - trivia / history - Merchant's Coffee House in New York - birth of the Bank of New York and The New York Chamber of Commerce

for - trivia / history - coffee house - The Green Dragon Tavern in Boston - home of The American Revolution - due to many meetings by the Sons of Liberty

for - trivia / history - coffee house - Frederick the Great of Germany outlawed coffee houses - he favored beer and beer business was losing money to coffee

for - trivia / history - coffee house - Grecian Coffee House - Isacc Newton and other members of Royal Society frequented - Newton dssected a dolphin on a table at this coffee house - another coffee house introduced the ballot box for voting

for trivia / history - coffee house - Jonathan's Coffee House - stockbrokers traded shares here after closing hours - gave birth to the London Stock Exchange

for - trivia / history - coffee house - Lloyd's coffee house - sailors and merchants conceived of Lloyd's of London Insurance Company here.

for - cultural evolution - first time in history we can have intentional cultural evolution towards a holistic wellbeing-based civilization - Dil Green

S.Arabia desert is linked to the era of modern humans ~6000yago.

Middle-east desert is linked to humans of modern era ~6000yago.

Author (Ruth Schuster) denies humans involved in aridification/desertification.

for - history - Zen - in the United States - Shaku - D.T. Suzuki - Nyogen Senzaki - from Barry Magid

insight - Zen in United States - Shaku was the first Zen teacher to visit the United States - He was D.T. Suzuki's teacher

Armstrong, Dorsey. Medieval World. 1st ed. The Great Courses 8280. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company, LLC, 2009. https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/medieval-world.

The 'Crypto' Underwood Typewriter by [[Robert Messenger]]

If I may just have a moment of weakness...

This is a hero of the internet that raised me. <3

https://web.archive.org/web/20241201071240/https://www.dreamsongs.com/WorseIsBetter.html

Richard P Gabriel documents the history behind 'worse is better' a talk he held in Cambridge in #1989/ The role of LISP in the then AI wave stands out to me. And the emergence of C++ on Unix and OOP. I remember doing a study project (~91) w Andre en Martin in C++ v2 because we realised w OOP it would be easier to solve and the teacher thought it would be harder for us to use a diff language.

via via via Chris Aldrich in h. to Christian Tietze, https://forum.zettelkasten.de/discussion/comment/22075/#Comment_22075 to Christine Lemmer-Webber https://dustycloud.org/blog/how-decentralized-is-bluesky/ to here.

-[ ] find overv of AI history waves and what tech / languages drove them at the time

for - to - Substack article - A global history of societal regulation - metacrisis, polycrisis - role of the commons and cosmolocal coordination - Michel Bauwens

to Substack article - A global history of societal regulation - metacrisis, polycrisis - role of the commons and cosmolocal coordination - Michel Bauwens - https://hyp.is/wlywbqkTEe-ROXfhSmA3bA/4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/a-global-history-of-societal-regulation

for - commons - new definition - pathological conservatism - new definition - benign conservatism - new definition - beneficial conservatism - adjacency - citizen assemblies - cosmolocal - community organization - horizontal and vertical decision-making as cosmolocal - Fair Share Commons - FSC - pathological conservatism - hypocrisy of modern conservatism that cannot acknowledge first nations - TPF as a vehicle for citizen assembly in each ward and district of a city - to - Youtube - Trump won, now what? - Roger Hallam - to - Substack article - - A global history of societal regulation - metacrisis, polycrisis - role of the commons and cosmolocal coordination - Michel Bauwens

adjacency - between - citizen assemblies - cosmolocal - community organization - citizen assemblies - horizontal and vertical - Fair Share Commons - FSC - town anywhere - TPF - one per city ward or district - progress traps - wicked problem - pathological conservatism - deep conservatism - ECOnomy is a subset of ECOlogy - Modernity has many forms of shallow, pathological conservatism - Indigenous and first nations peoples practice deep, beneficial conservatism - adjacency relationship - One of the biggest progress traps is pathological conservatism when - a technology has become popular and ubiquitous but an unintended consequence becomes exposed - In that case, incumbents who profit from the established supply chain will defend it at great cost, even if the harm it causes becomes increasingly obvious. - They will do this until it reaches a point that the harm is so great that it can no longer be defended. - Often, great harm is done before that point is reached, if it is reached. - Misinformation, gaslighting and fascism can emerge as a form of pathological conservatism in an attempt to preserve the harmful aspect of the status quo. - Fossil fuels, internal combustion engines and the climate change they cause are an example of this, creating a wicked problem in which those trying to solve the problem are also contributing to it - Citizen assemblies are a bottom up response and counterweight to centralized power that is driving pathological conservatism - In contrast to the pathological conservatism, environmental awareness is a practice of benign and beneficial conservatism - the conservation of our natural environment - In fact, many who call themselves conservatives and nationalists are hypocritical because - if they went further in their conservativism logic, they would have to acknowledge the first nations people who came before them - The natural resources that were part of indigenous peoples lives for millenia that colonialists have built their entire fortune on represents even greater degree of conservatism, yet the hypocrisy is that - modern conservatives often cannot acknowledge this reality of a deeper form of conservatism as it threatens their false entitlement - This brings into question their claim of practicing conservatism - pathological conservatives act as if the ECOlogy is subordinate to the ECOnomy when in fact, the ECOnomy cannot exist without a functioning ECOlogy - citizen assemblies can be implemented in each ward and district of a large city - On top of these, Fair Share Commons and community cooperatives can be built as formal structures to drive specific projects - In order for participatory democracy to work effectively requires education on Deep Humanity and conflict resolution, otherwise risks low resiliency due to internal conflicts and derailment of vision - In order to scale, it requires both horizontal and vertical components or organization. This implies a cosmolocal strategy: - horizontal decision-making with local group is local, whilst - vertical decision-making with non-local groups based on broader issues is cosmo - A global Tipping Point Festival that employs social tipping point theory to emerge a global network of citizen assemblies / commons assemblies / people's assemblies in each ward and district of a city to relocate healthy power back to the people

to - Youtube - Trump won, now what? - a love-based approach to replace power-based approach for dealing with fascism and polarization - Roger Hallam - https://hyp.is/wUDpaKsAEe-DM9fteMUtzw/www.youtube.com/watch?v=AiKWCHAcS7E - Substack article - A global history of societal regulation - metacrisis, polycrisis - role of the commons and cosmolocal coordination - Michel Bauwens - https://hyp.is/wlywbqkTEe-ROXfhSmA3bA/4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/a-global-history-of-societal-regulation

for - Substack article - A global history of societal regulation - metacrisis, polycrisis - role of the commons and cosmolocal coordination - Michel Bauwens - from - Illuminem article - Proximity: The antidote to fascism - Kasper Benjamin Reimer Bjorkskov - on horizontal and vertical decision-making

article details - title: A global history of societal regulation - publisher: Substack - date_ 2024, Nov 20 - author: Michel Bauwens

Summary - Michel presents a history of economic and societal coordination and makes the claim that the commons has an important role to play in maintaining a wellbeing species that balances: - human activity - health of the natural environment - peace between different human groups - In particular, he observes the important role that cosmolocal coordination may play - Michel takes us to a journey through history to explore the various different systems that different cultures used in the past - It's very interesting that in modernity, we have a system which is seen as absolute but a study of history shows how relative it is - That raises the question of why the current system feels so intractable? What gives it its entrenchment - Perhaps it's that the global spread of neocapitalism around the globe has made it "too big to fail"? - and it will actually require failing before a new phoenix can emerge from the ashes? I hope not!

from - Illuminem article - Proximity: The antidote to fascism - Kasper Benjamin Reimer Bjorkskov on horizontal and vertical decision-making - https://hyp.is/0Tv_Rqr3Ee-_-X8fKkCfpg/illuminem.com/illuminemvoices/proximity-the-antidote-to-fascism

https://www.mortati.com/glusker/marchant/scmstory/p3.htm

for - book - The Destiny of Civilization - from - Substack article - A global history of societal regulation - Why commons-based institutions now need to regulate the market and state, ‘cosmo-locally’ - Michel Bauwens

from - Substack article - A global history of societal regulation - Why commons-based institutions now need to regulate the market and state, ‘cosmo-locally’ - Michel Bauwens - https://hyp.is/ID3F7KiwEe-26QsBOrdtlQ/4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/a-global-history-of-societal-regulation

for - internet - history - Ted Nelson - early pioneer of World Wide Web and hypertext - advocated for visible connections - but failed to materialize

Συμφωνα με τη WP δεν τους εξοντωσε.

Η Γιαθριμπ, δεν το αναφερει αμεσως, ειναι η Μεντινα. Κατα τη WP, εκει ζουσαν εβραικες φυλες, ομως η πολη ηταν παλιοτερη.

Ισως τελικα η θεωρια που θελει τους εβραιους αραβικο φυλο της Αραβικης χερσονησου να στεκει. Περιμενουμε το DNA.

reply to u/Hugglebuns at https://old.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/1gpx62s/is_a_zettelkasten_a_largely_unknown_form_of/lwtoopw/:

I appreciate that you scratch some of the historical surface, but your apple/tomato analogy is flimsy and the family tree is a lot closer. Too often we're ignoring the history of ars excerpendi, commonplacing, waste books, summas, and early encyclopedias from the broad swath of intellectual history. What we now call a zettelkasten evolved very closely out of all these traditions. It's definitely not something that Luhmann suddenly invented one morning while lounging in the bath.

Stroll back a bit into the history to see what folks like Pliny the Elder, Konrad Gessner, Theodor Zwinger, Laurentius Beyerlink, or even the Brothers Grimm were doing centuries back and you'll realize it's all closer to a wide variety of heirloom apples and a modern Gala or Fuji. They were all broadly using zettelkasten methods in their work. Encyclopedias and dictionaries are more like sons and daughters, or viewed in other ways, maybe even parents to the zettelkasten. Almost everyone using them has different means and methods because their needs and goals are all different.

If you dig a bit you'll find fascinating tidbits like Samuel Hartlib describing early versions of "cut and paste" in 1641: “Zwinger made his excerpta by being using [sic] of old books and tearing whole leaves out of them, otherwise it had beene impossible to have written so much if every thing should have beene written or copied out.” As nice as Obsidian's new Web Clipper is this month, it's just another tool in a long line of tools that all do the same thing for much the same reasons.

Ignoring these contributions and their closeness means that you won't be able to take advantage of the various affordances all these methods presented in your own slip box, whichever form it takes. How will you ever evolve it into the paper machine that students a century hence are copying and mimicking and pontificating about in their version of Reddit? Why couldn't a person's slip box have some flavor of an encyclopedia? Maybe it's closer to Adler's Syntopicon? Maybe something different all together for their particular use?

Try some of the following for more details: <br /> - Blair, Ann M. Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age. Yale University Press, 2010. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300165395/too-much-know.<br /> - Krajewski, Markus. Paper Machines: About Cards & Catalogs, 1548-1929. Translated by Peter Krapp. History and Foundations of Information Science. MIT Press, 2011. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/paper-machines.<br /> - Wright, Alex. Cataloging the World: Paul Otlet and the Birth of the Information Age. 1st ed. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

For deeper dives on methods, try: https://www.zotero.org/groups/4676190/tools_for_thought/tags/note%20taking%20manuals/items/F8WSEABT/item-list

cc: u/JasperMcGee u/dasduvish u/Quack_quack_22

Mr. Churchill's Typewriters by [[Susan Elia Macneal]]

Ειναι αντιστροφη της πραγματικοτητα οι θυλακες να εμφανιζονται "εθελοντικοι"?

Καμια αναφορα στις μονομερεις ενεργειες Μακαριου εναντια στην Τ/Κ κοινοτητα.

2η ηττα του Παπαγου στο Κυπριακο.

Για την αποτυχια του Παπαγου να παει προωρα το Κυπριακο στον ΟΗΕ.

url: https://www.parliament.cy/images/media/assetfile/Porisma%20Fakelou.pdf

Δεν συμπαθουσε τον Γριβα ο Παπαγος?

1η ηττα Παπαγου στο Κυπριακο το Δεκ του '54.

The infamous Apple typewriter memo is 40 years old ... by [[Richard Polt]]

Trump’s mandate isn’t as ‘powerful’ as he suggests. Here’s why. by [[Aaron Blake]]

Class 2, Does Memory Matter? Why Are Universities Studying Slavery and Their Pasts? by David Blight for [[YaleCourses]]

Old Typewriters (1950) by [[British Pathé]]

https://new.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1gdo6lw/the_ergonomic_keyboard_goes_back_a_lot_further/

Why was marijuana so popular and mainstream in the past???

Jamaica became independent in 1962

reply to u/ArousedByApostasy at https://old.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/1g8diq4/any_books_about_how_someone_used_zettelkasten_to/

If you're suffering from the delusion (and many do) that Zettelkasten is only about Luhmann and his own writing and 4-5 recent books on the topic, you're only lacking creativity and some research skills. Seemingly Luhmann has lots of good PR, particularly since 2013, but this doesn't mitigate the fact that huge swaths of the late 1800s to the late 1900s are chock-a-block full of books produced by these methods. Loads of examples exist under other names prior to that including florilegia, commonplace books, the card system, card indexes, etc.

Your proximal issue is that the scaffolding used to write all these books is generally invisible because authors rarely, if ever, talk about their methods and as a result, they're hard to "see". This doesn't mean that they don't exist.

I've got a list of about 50+ books about the topic of zettelkasten or incredibly closely related methods dating back to 1548 if you want to peruse some: https://www.zotero.org/groups/4676190/tools_for_thought/collections/V9RPUCXJ/tags/note%20taking%20manuals/items/F8WSEABT/item-list

There are a variety of examples of people's note collections that you can see in various media and compare to their published output. I've collected several dozens of examples, many of which you can find here: https://boffosocko.com/research/zettelkasten-commonplace-books-and-note-taking-collection/

Interesting examples to get you started:

• Vladimir Nabokov's estate published copies of his index cards for the novel The Original of Laura which you can purchase and read in its index card format. You can find a copy of his index card diary as Insomniac Dreams from Princeton University Press: https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691196909/insomniac-dreams
• S.D. Goitein - researchers on the Cairo Geniza still use his note collection to produce new scholarship; though he had 1/3 the number of note cards compared to Luhmann, his academic writing output was 3 times larger. If you dig around you can find a .pdf copy of his collection of almost 30,000 notes and compare it to his written work.
• There's a digitized collection of W. Ross Ashby's notes (in notebook and index card format) which you can use to cross reference his written books and articles. https://ashby.info/
• Wittgenstein had a well-known note collection which underpinned his works (as well as posthumous works). See: Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Zettel. Edited by Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe and Georg Henrik von Wright. Translated by Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe. Second California Paperback Printing. 1967. Reprint, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 2007.
• Roland Barthes had a significant collection from which he both taught and wrote; His notes following his mother's death can be read in the book Morning Diary which were published as index card-based notes.
• The Marbach exhibition in 2013 explored six well-known zettelkasten (including Luhmann's): Gfrereis, Heike, and Ellen Strittmatter. Zettelkästen: Maschinen der Phantasie. 1st edition. Marbach am Neckar: Deutsche Schillerges, 2013. https://www.amazon.de/-/en/Heike-Gfrereis/dp/3937384855/.
• Philosopher John Locke wrote a famous treatise on indexing commonplace books which underlay his own commonplacing and writing work: Locke, John, 1632-1704. A New Method of Making Common-Place-Books. 1685. Reprint, London, 1706. https://archive.org/details/gu_newmethodmaki00lock/mode/2up.
• Historian Jacques Barzun, a professor, dean and later provost at Columbia, not only wrote dozens of scholarly books, articles, and essays out of his own note collection, but also wrote a book about some of the process in a book which has over half a dozen editions: Barzun, Jacques, and Henry F. Graff. The Modern Researcher. New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1957. http://archive.org/details/modernreseracher0000unse. In his private life, he also kept a separate shared zettelkasten documenting the detective fiction which he read and was a fan. From this he produced A Catalogue of Crime: Being a Reader's Guide to the Literature of Mystery, Detection, and Related Genres (with Wendell Hertig Taylor). 1971. Revised edition, Harper & Row, 1989: ISBN 0-06-015796-8.
• Erasmus, Agricola, and Melanchthon all wrote treatises which included a variation of the note taking methods which were widely taught in the late 1500s at universities and other schools.
• The Jonathan Edwards Center at Yale has a digitized version of his note collection called the Miscellanies that you can use to cross reference his written works.
• A recent example I've come across but haven't mentioned to others until now is that of Barrett Wendell, a professor at Harvard in the late 1800s, taught composition using a zettelkasten or card system method.
• Director David Lynch used a card index method for writing and directing his movies based on the method taught to him by Frank Daniel, a dean at the American Film Institute.
• Mortimer J. Adler et al. created a massive group zettelkasten of western literature from which they wrote volumes 2 and 3 (aka The Syntopicon) of the Great Books of the Western World. See: https://forum.zettelkasten.de/discussion/2623/mortimer-j-adlers-syntopicon-a-topically-arranged-collaborative-slipbox
• Before he died, historian Victor Margolin made a YouTube video of how he wrote the massive two volume World History of Design which included a zettelkasten workflow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kxyy0THLfuI
• Martin Luther King, Jr. kept a zettelkasten which is still extant and might allow you to reference his notes to his written words.
• The Brothers Grimm used a zettelkasten method (though theirs was slips nailed to a wall) to create The Deutsches Wörterbuch (The German Dictionary that preceeded the Oxford Dictionary). The DWB was begun in 1838 by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm who worked on it through the letter F prior to their deaths. The dictionary project was ended in 1961 after 123 years of work which resulted in 16 volumes. A further 17th source volume was released in 1971.
• Here's an interesting video of Ryan Holliday's method condensed over time: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dU7efgGEOgk
• Because Halloween is around the corner, I'll even give you a published example of death by zettelkasten described by Nobel Prize winner Anatole France in one of his books: https://boffosocko.com/2022/10/24/death-by-zettelkasten/

If you dig in a bit you can find and see the processes of others like Anne Lamott, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Bob Hope, Michael Ende, Twyla Tharp, Kate Grenville, Marcel Mauss, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Phyllis Diller, Carl Linnaeus, Beatrice Webb, Isaac Newton, Harold Innis, Joan Rivers, Umberto Eco, Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, Raymond, Llull, George Carlin, and Eminem who all did variations of this for themselves for a variety of output types.

These barely scratch the surface of even Western intellectual history much less other cultures which have broadly similar methods (including oral cultures). If you do a bit of research into any major intellectual, you're likely to uncover a similar underlying method of work.

While there are some who lionize Luhmann, he didn't invent or even perfect these methods, but is just a drop of water in a vast sea of intellectual history.

And how did I write this short essay response? How do I have all these examples to hand? I had your same question years ago and read and researched my way into an answer. I have both paper and digital zettelkasten from which to query and write. I don't count my individual paper slips of which there are over 15,000 now, but my digital repository is easily over 20,000 (though only 19K+ are public).

I hope you manage to figure out some version of the system for yourself and manage to create something interesting and unique out of it. It's not a fluke and it's not "just a method for writing material about zettelkasten itself".

for - definition - physiocrats - Steve Keen - economy - history - economic flow as biomimicry of body's circulation system

definition - physiocrat - During the 18th and 19th century, a group of mostly French "economists" led by Francois Quesnay, physician to the King of France at the time, performed some of the first autopsies of the time. - Autopsies were banned for the longest time for religious reasons - When Quesnay performed autopsies, he discovered networks of tubes in the circulation system and this led him to surmise a network of circulation in another field, economics - Quesnay advised the king, hence the name physiocrat - So modern economics has its roots in biology - it was a case of biomimicry!

An Orga Privat and its History by [[Will Davis]]

Miles, 1905 uses an arrow symbol with a hash on it to indicate a "connecting link between two Sentences or Paragraphs, etc."

It's certainly an early example of what we would now consider a hyperlink. It actively uses a "pointer" in it's incarnation.

Are there earlier examples of these sorts of idea links in the historical record? Surely there were circles and arrows on a contiguous page, but what about links from one place to separate places (possibly using page numbers?) Indexing methods from 11/12C certainly acted as explicit sorts of pointers.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustace_Miles

The Time I Met New York’s Patron Saint of Typewriters by [[Thaisa Frank]] March 12, 2019

Offred's narrative makes connections to Chaucer, the first poet to publish in english. Most connection to the Canterbury tales which talks about pilgrims in a story-telling competition.

So are handmaids on a pilgrimage, and it is a tale and not a biography ?? Is offred a pilgrim looking for her religiousness?

Sexist element in saying she was looking for her lost faith and she was telling a fib, a lie, a myth.

O Mustafa Kabha εργαζεται σε Ισραηλινο πανεπιστημιο:

Mustafa Kabha is full Professor in the Department of History, Philosophy and Judaic Studies and the Head of the Middle Eastern studies at the Open University of Israel.

Το μεμαλοποιει, στη λιστα με τις σφαγες στη Wikipedia δεν βρισκω πολλες τετοιες.

Τη μεγαλυτερη συνυπευθυνοτητα για την κατασταση εχει η ενοχικη σταση των Δυτικων υπερ των Σιωνιστων και ο ρατσισμός τους κατα των "μαυριδερών" αραβων.

Δεν το διαβαζω συχνα αυτο το επιχειρημα σε κειμενα υπερασπισης το Ισραηλ, προτιμουν να μιλανε για την εργατικοτητα των αποικων. Αλλα εδω η λιστα ειναι υπερβολικα τριμαρισμενη. Οι ΗΠΑ δωσαν δισεκατομυρια για τουλαχιστον 50 χρονια: https://www.google.com/search?q=us+aid+to+israel+infographic

Και η βοηθεια συνεχιζει. Για συσχετιση, σημερα μονο η στρατιωτικη βοηθεια των ΗΠΑ στο Ισραηλ (9εκ κατοικοι) ισουται με 2 φορες τον αμυντικο προυπολογισμο του Ιραν (88εκ κατοικοι),

Επιτλεον, η σημαντικοτερη βοηθεια ειναι στον τομεα της προπαγανδα, δες πχ αυτη την ερευνα για την μεροληψια υπερ των Ισραηλινων του BBC.

Θα επρεπε μηπως το οταν οι Κυπριοι απεριψαν το σχεδιο Αναν του ΟΗΕ, μετα να τους παιρναν τα εδαφη? Γιατι αυτο τους συνεβη μετα.

Ξεχναει τις πραξεις των Χαγκανα, Ιργκούν & Λεχι ισραηλινες τρομοκρατικες οργανωσεις. Ενω η Νοτριμ ηταν "δοσιλογικη" οργανωση που πληρωναν και εξοπλιζαν οι Βρετανοι για να αστυνομευει τους αραβες γειτονους τους.

Αλλα οι λιστες με τις σφαγες, 2 ειναι μεγαλες.

Δηλαδη να πληρωσουν οι μαυριδεροι για τα εγκληματα των Ναζι WASPs?

Η Χισταντρούτ ειναι μια Αριστερη Σιωνιστικη οργανωση πισω απο τα Κιμπουτζ (Εργατικος Σιωνισμος), απο αυτες που ηττηθηκαν απο τον τρομοκρατικο Σιωνισμο των Ιργκουν & Χαγκανα, αυτες που φτιαξαν τον σημερινο Ισραηλινο Στρατο (IDF) που μαζι με τη Μοσσαντ, εγγυουνται το κρατος του Ισραηλ.

Και εγω απορω γιατι αναφερεται ως τρομοκρατικη. Εκτος και αν επιδιωκει την αμαύρωσή της μεσω της διαψευσης(?).

Αυτο το λενε μονο βαθεια φανατικοι θρησκευομενοι Σιωνιστες.

Ηδη απο το 1929 οι Παλαιστινιοι ξεκινησαν να στοχευουν τους εποικους με την εξεγερση του αλ-Μπουρακ (απο το 3:00).

Ο Ilan Pape απαντα στο ποσο δηθεν "μεμονωμένες" ηταν οι συγκρούσεις.

Ο Αστέριος Κεχαγιάς ζει και εργαζεται στο Ισραηλ.

Ενα ακομη αρθρο του: Η παρουσία των Εβραίων στην Παλαιστίνη: Ιστορική αναδρομή

Οντως ηταν. Μοιαζει ολο αυτο με το πως εσπρωξαν οι Βρετανοι στη διχονοια την Κυπρο το '50.

Αλλα οι "νικητες", με τη γεναιοδωρη βοηθεια της Δυσης, Εβραιοι, αφου εδιωξαν και τους Βρετανους, ειναι προσβλητικο να επικαλουνται το "μπαχαλο" της εποχης, αντι να αναλαμβανουν τις εθνοκαθαρτικες ευθυνες τους.

Μονο που οι Παλαιστινιακη μνημη ειναι απο αιμα καταγεγραμμενη και δεν φρονιμευει με τετοιες δικαιολογιες.

Ακουγεται σα δικαιλογια. Και οι Ελληνες ειχαν 3 εμφυλιους, δικαιωνε αυτο τους Τουρκους? Και οι Τουρκοι δεν ειχαν καν εκδιωξει τους ελληνες απο τις εστιες τους.

Οι φοβερες σφαγες που μνημονευουν οι Παλαιστινιοι δεν εγιναν με βεδουινους, παντως.

Μεγαλη μπουκια φαε, ...(βλεπε παρακατω).

Παραπανω δεν ελεγε πως ηταν ολα ροδινα?

Δεκτο. Αλλα γιατι να την πληρωσουν πληθυσμοι που δεν ειχαν σχεση με τους διωγμους των εβραιων? Και γιατι να φερθουν ως αποικειοκρατες κατακτητες, και οχι ως ικετες και προσφυγες?

Ειπαμε, η σχεση των Ασκεναζι με το Λεβαντε ειναι συγκεχυμενη:

The origins of early AJ, as well as the history of admixture events that have shaped their gene pool, are subject to debate (Data S1, section 1). Genetic evidence supports a mixed Middle Eastern (ME) and European (EU) ancestry in AJ. This is based on uniparental markers with origins in either region (Behar et al., 2006, 2017; Costa et al., 2013; Hammer et al., 2000, 2009; Nebel et al., 2001)

Αναφερεται στο Pale of Settlement? Και στους "τυχερους" που ξεφευγαν απο αυτο??

Οι Σιωνιστες το μεταφραζουν ως "επιστροφη", να μην εχει και αρνητικης προεκτασεις.

Σε τι διωγμους ανασερεται ο επιστημονας εδω? Ποιοι τους εδιωχναν? Γιατη δεν εδιωχναν τους αλλους γηγενεις πληθυσμους??

Ετσι απροσδιοριστα εντασσεται στη hasbara θυματοποισης τους εβραικου λαου απο την προιστορια.

Παλι θεωρειται δεδομενο κατι που εκκρεμμει να αποδειχτει.

Ωπα!!<br /> Που ειναι τα ιστορικα τεκμηρια για τετοια μεγαλη μετακινηση?? Ποτε ακριβως εγινε αυτο? Υποτιθεται ξεκινησε με την καταστροφη του Ναου τους απο τους Ρωμαιους το ~90μχ αλλα δεν σημειωνεται κατι στο DNA ή σε ιστορικα ντοκουμεντα. Ειναι θρησκευτικη η θεωρια αυτη.

Γενετικα οι Ασκεναζι, οι εβραικοι πληθυσμοι της βορειοανατολοκης Ευρωπης εχουν μικρη μονο γενετικη συνδεση με το λεβαντε: ελαχιστη με τους κανααναΐτες, λιγο μεγαλυτερη με τους εβραικους πληθυσμους του.

Αυτο ειναι μεγαλο ζητημα, και ακομη και να ισχυε στο 100%, δεν μπορει να διεκδικουν τη γη μετα απο 3000 χρονια, σωστα?

Παλι αυτη η αναχρονιστικη αντιστιξη.

Βασικη δικαιολογια του Ισραηλ απο τον επεκτατικ'ο του πολεμο των 6 ημερων το '67 ειναι πως υπαρχει ηδη Παλαιστινιακο κρατος, η Ιορδανια.

Strawman's argument. Κανεις Παλαιστινιος δεν ειπε πως η Nakba κατεστρεψε το κρατος τους. Απο τη γη τους τους εδιωξε και τους παπουδες τους εκτελεσαν.

Τους εδιωξαν ολους?! Η προσφατη γενιτικη ερευνα δειχνει το αντιθετο.

Μαλλον ειναι ξεπερασμενη η θεωρια, βλ. WP.

Ξεπερασμενη θεωρια:

the Greek etymology of Pelasgian terms mentioned in Herodotus such as θεοί (derived from θέντες) indicates that the "Pelasgians spoke a language at least 'akin to' Greek".

Tο οτι απο νωρις το κειμενο τοποθετει τους Εβραιους ανταγωνιστικα απεναντι στους Αραβες απο την εποχη του Χαλκου (3300π.χ. - 1200πχ), ξεχωριζοντας και τους δύο απο τους Χαναανιτες, ειναι η Ιουδαικη εξιστορηση. Η σημασια της ειναι να μεινουν οι Εβραιοι σαν το μοναδικο αρχαιο φυλο της περιοχης.

Βλεπεις, ο προπατορας των Αραβων ο Μωαμεθ εμφανιιστηκε ~1600 χρονια αργοτερα, το 600μχ, και εξισλαμισε αρκετα απο τα σημιτικα φυλα αυτης της περιοχης του Λεβάντε, εβραιους συμπεριλαμβανομενους, κατα τη WikiPedia (WP):

The Muslim conquest of the Levant in the 7th century initiated a process of Arabization and Islamization through the conversion and acculturation of locals, accompanied by Arab settlement.

Επιτλεον, οι συγχρονοι παλαιστινιοι (και οι γηγενεις εβραιοι) εχουν γενετικη συνεχεια με τους πληθυσμους της περιοχης στην Εποχη του Χαλκου (WP):

Historical records and later genetic studies indicate that the Palestinian people descend mostly from from Ancient Levantines extending back to Bronze Age inhabitants of Levant.

Αυτη η θεση αντηχει μεσα στο κειμενο, "ειστε Αραβες, ξενομπατηδες απο τη Σ.Αραβια", ενω η WP σωστα γραφει:

[...] the Arab identity of Palestinians is largely based on linguistic and cultural affiliation and is not necessarily associated with the existence of any Arabian origins.

Ilan Pape on why [[Balfour Declaration]] was welcomed in the Britain.

Ilan Pape on the connectio of evangelical Christians with the Zionists, to speed up Jesus's resurrection.

Sublette, Ned, and Constance Sublette. The American Slave Coast: A History of the Slave-Breeding Industry. Lawrence Hill Books, 2015. https://www.amazon.com/American-Slave-Coast-Slave-Breeding-Industry/dp/1613748205/.

Recommended by Jerry Michalski

Snyder, Timothy. On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century. Crown, 2017. https://www.amazon.com/Tyranny-Twenty-Lessons-Twentieth-Century/dp/0804190119.

Flancian mentioned reading

for - false dichotomy - throughout history - clerics and warriors - excluded majority of the working class - inclusive third way - reviving works as spiritual activity - Benjamin Suriano

for - false dichotomy - common throughout history - clerics and warriors - alienated masses of the ordinary workers - Benjamin Suriano

for - Indyweb dev - history - Gyuri and Christopher 2019 paper

Patient phenotypes listed: mild bleeding history normal platelet number increased mean platelet volume increased RIPA (les than typical PT-VWD) enhanced binding of VWF to platelets (assessed by flow cytometry)

Has functional and HXMS data to support classification to pathogenic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avishai_Margalit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Nora

https://davistypewriters.blogspot.com/2015/01/harris-visible-rex-visible-demountable.html

http://www.furniturecityhistory.org/company/3841/steelcase-inc

History of Steelcase furniture company

https://michmemories.org/exhibits/collections/catalog/2e3f9004ef4e8ba13e991d3ed1aa32d

http://www.furniturecityhistory.org/ Furniture City History Grand Rapids, MI

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCScn9kxUjOfDNJk3Z-1NWKA Old Typerwriters and Calculators

The YouTube Channel of fausto tomesani https://typewriterdatabase.com/typewriters.php?hunter_search=7180

The 10,000 Year Explosion

Needs better sourcing, but

Henry Dreyfuss added crinkle paint to his Royal Quiet De Luxe typewriter design to diffuse reflected light so that typists who worked at their machines all day wouldn't have headaches from the glare reflecting off the fronts of their machines.

https://workpad.co.uk/properties/45-bedford-row/

45 Bedford Row was the address for the Durable Supply Company which distributed Orga typewriters in Britain in the 1930s.

https://typewriterdatabase.com/1924-orga-privat-2.11451.typewriter

Some scant history of Orga typewriters without sourcing.

Interesting perspective as interpretation where Jack says at the moment the song says "Who made up words, who made up numbers? Who wrote the Bible, who wrote the Q'uran" it might not even be a call to reflect and think for yourself (although this is absolutely a recurring theme in the song) but maybe they are implying all the science traces back not to the West (Europe) but to the East (Egypt, Africa). This interpretation aligns with the album this song was produced in, which is about Africa.

(~2:10)

Fascinating. Rob Pierri mentions that there had been a shift in education from the development of the soul to the development of monetizable skills... Keep society manageable.

The question that remains for me is, what will ultimately leave society better and advance it? In the end, what matters more, the material or the immaterial? Why?

A comparison of urban development privatisation and internet development corporatisation

Johns, Adrian. The Science of Reading: Information, Media, and Mind in Modern America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2023. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo183629196.html

fair enough...

( ~ 9:36)

Luhmann got his doctoral and habilitation thesis in one year, in 1966; but the books he used for this had been written in 1964, according to Dr. Schmidt.

Schiff, Stacy. “Véra Nabokov Was the First and Greatest Champion of ‘Lolita.’” The New Yorker, March 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210729035701/https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/vera-nabokov-was-the-first-and-greatest-champion-of-lolita.

relationship to Eric Hoffer's The True Believer and modern politics?

relationship to the Great Books idea in 1942-1952 and beyond?

repeating history...

History is the story of God... It serves as a narrative to describe what God has done.

Inferring based on the creation is secondary circumstantial evidence, the eyewitness account is that of God himself.

for - educator - polycrisis - individual action - levers - climate and earth history specialists help with education

educator - earth climate history specialist can help with education about the past to help understand what we face in the present

climate education - low impact due to - ignoring perspectival knowing - and salience landscapes - It may help to look at the problem of education through the lens of Michael Levin's multi-scale competency architecture - https://hyp.is/FFxzRL2nEe6ghzeLcJGM7A/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10167196/ - Applied to cognitive and cultural evolution within the lifetime of a single individual (human) - The salience landscape of an individual can vary depending on their educational and cultural background - There are multiple categories of concepts, each with their own degree of salience: - immediate phenomenological experience - high salience - second hand, linguistically communicated experience - moderate and dependent on source - scientific reported phenomena - moderate, high or low, dependent on source and cultural / educational background - second hand, linguistically communicated experience - low, moderate or high, dependent on source and cultural / educational background - A key observation is that humans are evolved to detect specific environmental cue but miss many others - The rate of cultural evolution is so rapid that our biologically adapted processes cannot adapt quickly enough to the rapid cultural changes, resulting in the experience of "hyperobjects" - https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=+hyperobject - education that is done haphazardly and in an adhoc manner will fail to discriminate between this large variety of salience landscape, with the overall impact of low educational impact

for - climate crisis - 5 deg C could reproduce similar levels of catastrophes as those in early earth history

for - key insight - progress trap - A Short History of Progress - we are clever but NOT wise!

key insight - progress trap - A Short History of Progress - we are clever but NOT wise! - In other words - Intelligence is FAR DIFFERENT than wisdom

new memes - We have an abundance of intelligence and a dearth of wisdom - A little knowledge is dangerous, a lot of knowledge is even more dangerous

for - comparison - history vs archeology - Ronald Wright

comparison - history vs archeology - Ronald Wright - Written history is very recent but archeology can go back hundreds of millions of years

for - history - agriculture - Holocene required

history - agriculture - Holocene required - Ronald Wright makes a good point, without a long stable climate period such as the Holocene, agricultural experimentation would not have succeeded

for - progress trap - example - from history - Sumerian civilization

progress trap - example - from history - Sumerian civilization - the really big progress traps uh come with with the invention of agriculture and - i mentioned the first full-blown civilization in the old world the sumerians who perfected the art of irrigation in what is now southern iraq and - for for several centuries everything went really well - They had built canals and ran the water onto the desert and were able to - raise more and more crops and - expand their farmland and - expand their population and - their cities got bigger - their numbers got greater but - what they didn't know is that the kind of irrigation they were practicing - was causing the land to get saltier and saltier - and after a number of centuries they suddenly saw their farm meals declining because of salinity - and they had to switch to crops that could tolerate more salt - and then eventually they ended up producing only about one quarter of the food that they'd been able to produce when they started -and the civilization collapsed - So they had walked into what i call in my book a progress trap - and this is where the myth of progress is so seductive - You do something that in the short run produces obvious benefits so you're getting this positive feedback from some new invention, whether it's - a new way to drive mammoth over a cliff or - it's a new way to expand your farm base through irrigation - but there's a hidden cost down the road which is often hard to foresee

for - quote - myth of progress - Ronald Wright

quote - myth of progress - Ronald Wright - (see below) - although the idea that this can go on forever is where the myth of progress gets dangerous - because there have been many times and places in the human past, - not even necessarily in our own cultural tradition - among other civilizations where there have been great periods of - expansion and - prosperity - and everybody started to get the idea that life was getting better and better - but usually those those periods of rapid expansion are done and nature pays the bills for that

Comment - history repeats when we forget the lessons of that part. - Historians are so important right now to remind us of past lessons

Weller, Charles Edward. The Early History of the Typewriter. Chase & Shepard, printers, 1918. http://archive.org/details/earlyhistorytyp00wellgoog.

Theatres of Memory (1994) sounds like it's taking lots of examples from a zettelkasten and tying them together.

It's also interesting to note that he published several books posthumously. Was this accomplished in part due to his zettelkasten notes the way others like Ludwig Wittgenstein?

history of impact measurement

Next, I need to find out how to fit this sentiment on a bumper sticker.

lol

Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism - Author(s): E. P. Thompson - Source: Past & Present, No. 38 (Dec., 1967), pp. 56-97 - Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of The Past and Present Society - Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/649749

<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Dan Allosso (@danallosso)</span> in Howard Zinn's A People's History, Part 1 (YouTube) (<time class='dt-published'>09/16/2021 09:28:56</time>)</cite></small>

Lacy, Tim. The Dream of a Democratic Culture: Mortimer J. Adler and the Great Books Idea. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. https://amzn.to/3R2rCox.

for - synthetic opiod - nitazene - history

from - youtube - VICE - The new fentanyl killing drug users in Europe - https://hyp.is/IVWJThYeEe-Szku3PU8_8g/docdrop.org/video/JqqfI-bIvnI/

You can cross check the data in the typewriter database for most of the big US and European brands to see the slow merging and dying out of the typewriter through the late 60s and early 70s onward. See, for example, Royal: https://typewriterdatabase.com/royal.72.typewriter-serial-number-database which has buyouts and mergers listed at the top. The database also has a huge volume of references for how it was compiled which will give you additional history.

The early 70s saw a lot of plastic entering the space where more durable steel used to be. Most major US firms were shifting to electric after IBM in roughly 1961. Post war manufacture of machines picked up significantly in Italy, Spain, Holland, and even Wales which displaced some of the manufacturing in the US, where solid machines of the prior generation still worked and only needed servicing rather than outright replacement. (Planned obsolescence wasn't as much of a thing during the 30s and 40s, and in fact, [maintenance was heavily highlighted during the war](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocdxgkxKAKo) when most US manufacturers ceased production of most models.) Eventually Japan displaced the business followed by India (which ceased in 2009) and China. Wrexham, Wales ceased manufacture of electronic Brother typewriters in 2012.

Ever decreasing costs of materials and manufacturing, improved manufacturing technology, increased competition in the space, combined with containerized shipping, competition from computers, etc. all contributed to the cheapening of the typewriter and hastened the death of manufacturing (though not the use) of manual typewriters.

Richard Polt's The Typewriter Revolution (2015) has a "microhistory" of typewriters in chapter 2 with references to some addition histories if you're interested.

Your question about Olympia manufacture dates (and more) can be found via: https://typewriterdatabase.com/olympia.61.typewriter-serial-number-database

x over it has a good two part series about the evolution of Olympias at:

https://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/02/olympia-sm-series-part-1-1948-1964.html

https://xoverit.blogspot.com/2015/04/olympia-sm-series-part-2-1964-1980s.html

for - history - Mother's Day - idea - campaign - Mother's Day 2025

to - history of Mother's Day - https://hyp.is/NTOVfBFgEe-C-J_9uUgLsg/www.plough.com/en/topics/culture/holidays/mothers-day/the-original-mother-s-day-proclamation

for - history - mother's day - Julia Ward Howe - conflict resolution - idea - event - Mother's Day 2025 - original spirit

idea - Mother's Day 2025 - What about bringing back the original spirit of Mother's Day to Mother's Day 2025?

from - Post - Linked In - Julia Tew -https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7195408981052289025?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop

for - progress trap - Prometheus complex - Dan Carlin - Gaston Bachelard - philosopher

summary - This short article brings up an interesting connection between - the Prometheus complex, - a term coined by the French philosopher Gaston Bachelard and - progress traps, - the unintended consequences of progress - The key insight is that human beings may have an Achilles Heel - the desire to know, even at the cost of harm - could be such a powerful impulsive urge - that we throw caution to the wind and - Icarus mythology may be a self-fulfilling prophecy - This also echos the views of my colleague Gyuri Lajos, - that invention for invention sake possesses this very dark side. - This is an important adjacency - as it questions the ethics of knowledge for knowledge sake - As we know from - the history of - progress and its shadowy counterpart, - the progress trap - our impulsive urge to invent has harmful impacts on everyone, - and these continually compound with time