nformation science methodologies are applied across numerous domains, reflecting the discipline's versatility and relevance. Key application areas include:

Educators who have enacted the smartphone restrictions said they help bolster student participation and reduce bullying but also raise challenges, like how to effectively keep phones locked up against determined students and how to identify and treat kids truly addicted to their devices.

At Bullard High School in Fresno, it’s easy to see the benefits of banning students’ cellphones. Bullying is down and socialization is up, principal Armen Torigian said.

Attorneys general from 45 U.S. states filed lawsuits against Meta for failing to protect children

once a happy race, since made miserable by the white people.

The white people have no right to take the land from the Indians, because they had it first;

with myself and children have had the good fortune to get my freedom, by means of an act of assembly passed on the first of March 1780, and should now with my family be as happy a set of people as any on the face of the earth, but I am told the assembly are going to pass a law to send us all back to our masters

Both Mars trilogies, then, stage the conflict between ecologicalconservation and commercial development as a central feature of theirextraterrestrial societies. Bio- or eco-centrism of the kind articulatedby Waterman and Clayborne has been controversial in environmental-ist thought because its valuation of nonhuman nature in and of itselfhas often been accompanied by a more or less thinly veiled antagonismto the human presence, and to willful ignorance of the ways in whichmany supposedly “pristine” landscapes around the globe have in factbeen reshaped by indigenous societies for millennia. The untouchedsurroundings celebrated by deep ecology, so the movement’s critics haveargued, are far more exceptional in reality than ecocentrism alleges, andare often nothing more than a politically pernicious myth that choosesto forget the violent expulsions of indigenous people that often precededthe establishment of “wilderness” reserves. Since Mars does truly confronthumans with an environment that they have never yet have had a chanceto alter in any way, it seems to offer ecocentrism a firmer foothold thanTerran landscapes. In a sense, then, Bova’s and Robinson’s trilogies opena fictional window onto humankind’s last encounter with a truly “other,”not humanly altered, environment—nature in the authentic sense of BillMcKibben’s definition.

At the same time, Karl Marx (1818–1883) articulated a view of human history that likewise emphasized change and struggle. Conflicting social classes — enslaved people and their owners, peasants and nobles, workers and capitalists — successively drove the process of historical transformation.

If religion drove and justified European ventures abroad, it is difficult to imagine the globalization of Christianity (see Map 15.2) without the support of empire. Colonial settlers and traders, of course, brought their faith with them and sought to replicate it in their newly conquered homelands. New England Puritans, for example, planted a distinctive Protestant version of Christianity in North America, with an emphasis on education, moral purity, personal conversion, civic responsibility, and little tolerance for competing expressions of the faith. They did not show much interest in converting native peoples but sought rather to push them out of their ancestral territories.

The Romantic movement in art and literature appealed to emotion, intuition, passion, and imagination rather than cold reason and scientific learning.

Often, students begin the writing process without ever thinking about a potential audience

Take that one interesting idea/pattern and develop an “umbrella” statement or a broad focus statement

Search for patterns in your list, and make a new list of those patterns. Keep an eye out for things that strike you as meaningful and interesting and that happen again and again.

The first step in finding a focus is to read through all of your fieldnotes two times. As you read, notice when and where you become particularly interested in what you have written. Circle, mark or note these passages in some way. Write a brief summary of each idea/passage on a separate sheet. After you identify what interests you most, move on to search for patterns that will lead you to focus.

13.2. Unhealthy Activities on Social Media# Given the complex relationship between internet-based social media and mental health, let’s first look at some social media activities that people may find harmful to their mental health. Here are a few examples:

13.5.4. Search through news submissions and only display good news# Now we will make a different version of the code that computes the sentiment of each submission title and only displays the ones with positive sentiment. # Look up the subreddit "news", then find the "hot" list, getting up to 10 submission submissions = reddit.subreddit("news").hot(limit=10) # Turn the submission results into a Python List submissions_list = list(submissions) # go through each reddit submission for submission in submissions_list: #calculate sentiment title_sentiment = sia.polarity_scores(submission.title)["compound"] if(title_sentiment > 0): print(submission.title) print() Copy to clipboard Fake praw is pretending to select the subreddit: newsBreaking news: A lovely cat took a nice long nap today! Breaking news: Some grandparents made some yummy cookies for all the kids to share! Copy to clipboard 13.5.5. Try it out on real Reddit# If you want, you can skip the fake_praw step and try it out on real Reddit, from whatever subreddit you want Did it work like you expected? You can also only show negative sentiment submissions (sentiment < 0) if you want to see only bad news.

So in this chapter, we will not consider internet-based social media as inherently toxic or beneficial for mental health. We will be looking for more nuance and where things go well, where they do not, and why. { requestKernel: true, binderOptions: { repo: "binder-examples/jupyter-stacks-datascience", ref: "master", }, codeMirrorConfig: { theme: "abcdef", mode: "python" }, kernelOptions: { kernelName: "python3", path: "./ch13_mental_health" }, predefinedOutput: true } kernelName = 'python3'

13.1.1. Digital Detox?# Some people view internet-based social media (and other online activities) as inherently toxic and therefore encourage a digital detox, where people take some form of a break from social media platforms and digital devices. While taking a break from parts or all of social media can be good for someone’s mental health (e.g., doomscrolling is making them feel more anxious, or they are currently getting harassed online), viewing internet-based social media as inherently toxic and trying to return to an idyllic time from before the Internet is not a realistic or honest view of the matter. In her essay “The Great Offline,” Lauren Collee argues that this is just a repeat of earlier views of city living and the “wilderness.” As white Americans were colonizing the American continent, they began idealizing “wilderness” as being uninhabited land (ignoring the Indigenous people who already lived there, or kicking them out or killing them). In the 19th century, as wilderness tourism was taking off as an industry, natural landscapes were figured as an antidote to the social pressures of urban living, offering truth in place of artifice, interiority in place of exteriority, solitude in place of small talk. Similarly, advocates for digital detox build an idealized “offline” separate from the complications of modern life: Sherry Turkle, author of Alone Together, characterizes the offline world as a physical place, a kind of Edenic paradise. “Not too long ago,” she writes, “people walked with their heads up, looking at the water, the sky, the sand” — now, “they often walk with their heads down, typing.” […] Gone are the happy days when families would gather around a weekly televised program like our ancestors around the campfire! But Lauren Collee argues that by placing the blame on the use of technology itself and making not using technology (a digital detox) the solution, we lose our ability to deal with the nuances of how we use technology and how it is designed: I’m no stranger to apps that help me curb my screen time, and I’ll admit I’ve often felt better for using them. But on a more communal level, I suspect that cultures of digital detox — in suggesting that the online world is inherently corrupting and cannot be improved — discourage us from seeking alternative models for what the internet could look like. I don’t want to be trapped in cycles of connection and disconnection, deleting my social media profiles for weeks at a time, feeling calmer but isolated, re-downloading them, feeling worse but connected again. For as long as we keep dumping our hopes into the conceptual pit of “the offline world,” those hopes will cease to exist as forces that might generate change in the worlds we actually live in together. So in this chapter, we will not consider internet-based social media as inherently toxic or beneficial for mental health. We will be looking for more nuance and where things go well, where they do not, and why.

Many have anecdotal experiences with their own mental health and those they talk to. For example, cosmetic surgeons have seen how photo manipulation on social media has influenced people’s views of their appearance:

Some people view internet-based social media (and other online activities) as inherently toxic and therefore encourage a digital detox, where people take some form of a break from social media platforms and digital devices. While taking a break from parts or all of social media can be good for someone’s mental health (e.g., doomscrolling is making them feel more anxious, or they are currently getting harassed online), viewing internet-based social media as inherently toxic and trying to return to an idyllic time from before the Internet is not a realistic or honest view of the matter.

Some people view internet-based social media (and other online activities) as inherently toxic and therefore encourage a digital detox, where people take some form of a break from social media platforms and digital devices. While taking a break from parts or all of social media can be good for someone’s mental health (e.g., doomscrolling is making them feel more anxious, or they are currently getting harassed online), viewing internet-based social media as inherently toxic and trying to return to an idyllic time from before the Internet is not a realistic or honest view of the matter.

Many have anecdotal experiences with their own mental health and those they talk to. For example, cosmetic surgeons have seen how photo manipulation on social media has influenced people’s views of their appearance: People historically came to cosmetic surgeons with photos of celebrities whose features they hoped to emulate. Now, they’re coming with edited selfies. They want to bring to life the version of themselves that they curate through apps like FaceTune and Snapchat. Selfies, Filters, and Snapchat Dysmorphia: How Photo-Editing Harms Body Image

A successful research process should go through these steps: Decide on the topic. Narrow the topic in order to narrow search parameters. Consider a question that your research will address. Generate sub-questions from your main question. Determine what kind of sources are best for your argument. Create a bibliography as you gather and reference sources.

you will most likely be asked to write a research paper during your academic career. Boundless Writing explains that a research paper is an expanded essay that relies on existing discourse to analyze a perspective or construct an argument. Because a research paper includes an extensive information-gathering process in addition to the writing process, it is important to develop a research plan to ensure your final paper will accomplish its goals.

detective collected enough evidence to solve a criminal case,

You will need to put your thoughts together in a logical, coherent manner.

As you accumulate sources, make sure you create a bibliography, or a list of sources that you’ve used in your research and writing process (keeping track of those sources will help you to create you annotated bibliography, should your instructor require one.

Another part of your research plan should include the type of sources you want to gather.

Find a happy medium between a too-broad or too-specific topic to research.

If you narrow your focus, however, you can find targeted resources that can be synthesized into a new argument.

After all, researching and writing a long paper requires time, effort, and organization.

If you begin researching without a plan, you could find yourself wasting hours reading sources that will be of little or no help to your paper. To save time and effort, decide on a research plan before you begin.

Writing a research paper is an ideal way to organize thoughts, craft narratives, or make arguments based on research, and share your newfound knowledge with the world.

The text Successful Writing stresses that when you perform research, you are essentially trying to solve a mystery—you want to know how something works or why something happened. In other words, you want to answer a question that you (and other people) have about the world. This is one of the most basic reasons for performing research.

Recognised as an Apple Distinguished School – leading the way in digital learning

This is not to suggest that instruction should be delivered only in one format, but that we make informed decisions about how we structure and present the information in different formats, as explained in more detail below.

If the document includes hyperlinks, the links should be embedded into the document, rather than giving the URL in the text

people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone.”

Keep language simple and straightforward and eliminate unnecessary information

Although there is little research to suggest that font style substantially impacts reading speed or comprehension for most readers,

Although there is little research to suggest that font style substantially impacts reading speed or comprehension for most readers, people tend to express a preference for serif fonts,

However, sans-serif fonts are recommended for people with visual and other disabilities (Kitchel, 2011/2019), and research suggests these fonts might increase comprehension as well as readability for people with certain disabilities (Wilson & Read, 2016)

Learning happens when people can identify and access the important information in a lesson, process that information, and relate it to their prior knowledge. Good design can facilitate active processing.

Perhaps the most important thing to consider when delivering information in multiple formats simultaneously is cognitive load, or the strain on learners as they try to hold information in memory while also trying to process new information.

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A thesis is not your paper’s topic, but rather your interpretation of the question or subject

he writer of this thesis should ask the following questions: Which teenage girls? What constitutes “too” sexualized? Why are they behaving that way? Where does this behavior show up? What are the repercussions?

Confidence

Ability to be demonstrated

Ability to be argued

Specificity

A thesis statement is an argumentative central claim in a paper; the entire paper is focused on demonstrating that claim as a valid perspective

Your thesis will probably change as you write, so you will need to modify it to reflect exactly what you have discussed in your essay.

A thesis is weak when it makes an unreasonable or outrageous claim or insults the opposing side.

For any claim you make in your thesis, you must be able to provide reasons and examples for your opinion.

A thesis statement must present a relevant and specific argument.

As you may recall, the creation of a thesis statement begins when you choose a broad subject and then narrow down its parts until you pinpoint a specific aspect of that topic

Remember that a thesis statement does not summarize an issue but rather dissects it.

“What do I want to write about it?”

The textbook Successful Writing explains that writers need a thesis statement to provide a specific focus for their essay and to organize what they will discuss in the body of their writing.

e a means to commof communication were found thatitories, the results from the third partcollection development policies, thersimply not interested in e

lating to architecture. The archavailability of certain types of wood, stone, marblmediate natural landscape and existing built surrounhood patterns and histories that must be respectedthe records of many different creators - individualis a great deal more to the history of architecture andof architecture than the records of the architect, or tbuildings.

ord itself imilieu in which records are creattermined by all these factors: fustructures, as well as records-creaobservation I am not abandoninggrounding in the evidence, structuway. I am asserting, however, thatcircumstances of creation a

ds no longer needednow asserting that archivists should be active, probinand disposes of information and, even more importantlythese acts of recording were meant to serve.6 Archivistappraisal of functions b

The accounting profession is undergoing rapid transformation, driven by technological innovation, increased reliance on data analytics, and a growing emphasis on strategic

Taxation plays a critical role in shaping economic behavior, funding essential public services, and influencing both personal and business financial decisions. This textbook introduces the fundamental principles of the U.S. federal income tax system and provides a solid foundation for analyzing how tax laws impact personal financial planning and decision-making.

Measures

et the field’s understanding of racial and ethnic dispari-ties in advanced STEM achievement during elementary school is currently limited. Relatively few studies of advanced STEM achievement have been conducted, particu-larly those using elementary school samples and longitudinal designs (Clotfelter et al., 2009; Davis-Kean & Jager, 2014; Gandara, 2005; Rambo-Hernandez et al., 2019). Of these, only two studies have examined racial and ethnic disparities in advanced STEM achievement as early as kindergarten in analyses of nationally representative data (Davis-Kean & Jager, 2014; Gandara, 2005). Neither study reported on explanatory factors for these disparities in adjusted analyses. Existing studies examining advanced STEM achievement have analyzed samples of middle or high school students (e.g., Kotok, 2017; Lubinski et al., 2014; McCoach & Siegle, 2003) or examined gender disparities (e.g., Penner & Paret, 2008; Robinson & Lubienski, 2011).

An antecedent-opportunity-propensity framework is a well-validated theory of achievement growth (Byrnes, 2020) hypothesizing that a relatively small set of student, family, and school factors explain racial and ethnic disparities in STEM achievement

An antecedent-opportunity-propensity framework is a well-validated theory of achievement growth (Byrnes, 2020) hypothesizing that a relatively small set of student, family, and school factors explain racial and ethnic disparities in STEM achievement

Addressing racial and ethnic underrepresentation in the sci-ence, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce is a national priority (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [NASEM], 2011; National Science Foundation [NSF], 2021). Less than 10% of the U.S. STEM workforce is Black or Hispanic1 (Funk & Parker, 2018; National Science Foundation [NSF], 2019). White or Asian students are more likely to complete STEM college degrees (Steenbergen-Hu & Olszewki-Kubilius, 2017). Less than 1% of those with a bachelor’s degree in sci-ence or engineering are American Indian, Native American, or Pacific Islanders (AINAPI). The contrasting percentages for those who are White are 57% and 64% (NSF, 2021). The nation’s economic competitiveness and scientific innovation is constrained by racial and ethnic underrepresentation in the STEM workforce (Bell et al., 2019; NASEM, 2011). The earning potential of high-achieving adults of color is also constrained. High-achieving college students of color major-ing in STEM report early career earnings that are 26% to 40% higher than closely matched counterparts majoring in other fields (Melguizo & Wolniak, 2012).

Research Question 1: Are Black, Hispanic, or AINAPI students less likely than White students to display advanced science or mathematics achievement during elementary school? If so, how large are the observed gaps?Research Question 2: Do antecedent, opportunity, and propensity factors explain the lower likelihoods that Black, Hispanic, or AINAPI students display advanced science or mathematics achievement during elementary school?

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From March 6th through the 9th, you'll have jammed packed ways to attainably seek God in a slower season.

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Because of similar reasons, people whose material needs are covered may act to improve the status of those who do not share their prosperity.

ender moments too.

A free 4-day event for Mothers of Preschoolers

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If you’re longing for encouragement right where you are

NOT YOUR AVERAGE VIRTUAL SUMMIT

Day 1: Faith in the Everyday

I know firsthand how hard it can be to find quiet moments with God in this season. Between snack times, story times, and endless questions, I’ve had to learn that spending time with God doesn’t have to look perfect to be meaningful.

Fill your spare moments with GodLearn to embrace the busyChoose an imperfect quiet time reading the Bible, over none at allWhether that be listening to the audio version of the Bible while doing the dishes.Understanding that God is still there in the busiest of moments and He sees everything you are pouring into your family.Whatever your quiet time looked like before, it has to change when children come into the scene. It may not be a "quiet" ti

Whether that be

doesn't look like it did before

You're

You're trying to read the Bible between the spilled Cheerios and laundryKeeping in mind that motherhood is one of greatest blessingsAnd you are thinking about God in the hardest of moments

seek god in the busy (preschooler) season

Historian Geoffrey Parker calls this conjuncture of climate change and social crises in the seventeenth century a “fatal synergy”

As it was, the system of European interstate war favored a particular kind of state that developed in England and France in the seventeenth centuries,

Understanding these logics in the context of the anti-Trump movement will help scholars understand how they are applied in a contemporary connective action movement.

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So you might find a safe space online to explore part of yourself that isn’t safe in public (e.g., Trans Twitter and the beauty of online anonymity). Or you might find places to share or learn about mental health (in fact, from seeing social media posts, Kyle realized that ADHD was causing many more problems in his life than just having trouble sitting still, and he sought diagnosis and treatment). There are also support groups for various issues people might be struggling with, like ADHD, or having been raised by narcissistic parents.

astid

capabilities for

AI capabilities

7. Мини-проект (вот это уже интересно)

An equilibrium constant calculated from partial pressures (Kp) is related to K by the ideal gas constant (R), the temperature (T), and the change in the number of moles of gas during the reaction. An equilibrium system that contains products and reactants in a single phase is a homogeneous equilibrium; a system whose reactants, products, or both are in more than one phase is a heterogeneous equilibrium. When a reaction can be expressed as the sum of two or more reactions, its equilibrium constant is equal to the product of the equilibrium constants for the individual reactions.

You will also notice in Table 2.2.2 that equilibrium constants have no units, even though Equation 2.2.5 suggests that the units of concentration might not always cancel because the exponents may vary. In fact, equilibrium constants are calculated using “effective concentrations,” or activities, of reactants and products, which are the ratios of the measured concentrations to a standard state of 1 M. As shown in Equation 2.2.6, the units of concentration cancel, which makes K unitless as well: (2.2.6)[A]m⁢e⁢a⁢s⁢u⁢r⁢e⁢d[A]s⁢t⁢a⁢n⁢d⁢a⁢r⁢ds⁢t⁢a⁢t⁢e=MM=m⁢o⁢lLm⁢o⁢lL Because equilibrium constants are calculated using “effective concentrations” relative to a standard state of 1 M, values of K are unitless.

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The assignment’s purpose, audience, and tone dictate what the paragraph covers and how it will support one main poin

Set due dates for the stage of your writing process,

However, PIW predominantly and most generously enables white people to dismiss race and promote colorblindedness.

This includes the lack of access to the levels of generational wealth that whites have, and being denied privileges associated with freedom, safety and security, which are typically afforded to whites.

Relatedly, white settlers would see Africans as dark and therefore opposite of them, having protruding lips and often created caricatures with images of dark people with huge lips.

he Prussian explorer Alexander von Humboldt visited the islands around 1802, and publicized guano’s value as a fertilizer throughout Europe. Seeing a lucrative business opportunity, Europeans and Americans fell on the area in a guano rush, and by the middle of the century several nations had enlisted the work of Chinese peasants in a Pacific labor system that has been compared with the slavery of the Atlantic world. Although the Chinese workers were technically free, many were debtors who had been tricked into labor contracts promising work in California. Once they reached the guano islands and realized they had been duped, there was no way off.

The last two hundred years of human history is also the story of the Industrial Revolution and its affects.  The life of a peasant living in France, Mexico, China, India, or Ethiopia in 1100 CE was not that different from that of a similar peasant living in the same place 200 years earlier or later.

But too much had changed to return to the past. Liberals tried to distance themselves from the social leveling and economic redistribution the Jacobins had attempted, identifying instead with ideas like free trade and a limited franchise. But radicals pushed for greater equality and more rights for regular people.

At the Congress of Vienna, which ran from November 1814 through June 1815, the old ruling families of Europe got together to try to restore what they thought of as peace and order. To a large extent their priority was trying to restore the status quo ante: the borders that had existed before Napoleon’s conquests and the types of social organization that had prevailed before the French Revolution.

Convergence appeared on the horizon some 3 month ago

the Groan Zone

Diving in caves along

problematic chatbot anthropomorphism

Wikipedia itself suggests it be used as a starting point and not an end.

motivation to engage in tasks, such as course assignments, is based on the individual’s perceived levels of the innate psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness (Deci and Ryan Citation2000; Ryan and Deci Citation2017). Autonomy refers to feelings of independence and choice (often to pursue one’s interests and values) and freedom from external control (Liu, Wang, and Deci Citation2016). Competence refers to feelings of skill and a sense that one can improve and succeed (Deci et al. Citation1991).

The first thing you need to do is determine the scope of your research.

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Research is an ongoing cycle of questions and answers, which can quickly become very complex.

Are there ways social media sites can be designed to be better for the mental health of its users?