said she was forced by her family to marry her cousin's husband because her cousin could not conceive

another group of immigrant parents voiced the identical complaints about bilingual education

vestige

the idealistic veneer began to wear away.

decentralization

The school puts my kids' education in danger, because everything is in English here.''

gadflies

condemned

nonpartisan

English from kindergarten through fifth grade.

children lose their home language skills, we as educators have a serious problem … fractured communities are created when families can no longer [talk] on a deep level about issues that matter.

If there’s a disconnect between students’ home identities … and what’s promoted by the school, students are more likely to disconnect, disinvest, and experience educational failure

One Native language just died away because the last man who spoke it died.

Often the teachers in these programs are second-language learners themselves, so not only does a novice teacher need to learn a unique pedagogy and curriculum, she also must master the language to a high level such that she can teach math, scie

This means that teachers spend a lot of time adapting and creating their own materials, including language and content-area assessments.

National Conciliation Party (PNC)

84 deputies

El Salvador is a republic

guerilla

Salvadorans generally wear dark colors and dress conservatively. Timeliness is important, and it is typically considered rude and disrespectful to be late in formal or business situations, especially for a first meeting.

95 percent of Salvadorans.

typically modest, with handshakes being the most common.

Animals which have disappeared from the country include the jaguar and the crested eagle; endangered animals include two types of bat, the giant anteater, and Baird's tapir. Monkeys, pumas, wild boar, ocelots, reptiles, and several hundred bird species still thrive in the country's mountains and forests, especially where protected by the government.

Deforestation

Most Salvadorans are Christian. About 57 percent of the population identifies with the Roman Catholic Church, and much of the remainder is Protestant.

occurred to him to claim a Latino identity

hence many studies showing little or no progress for third-generation Mexican immigrants, said Stephen J.

the Census Bureau has repeatedly altered how it asks the race question, and on the 2010 form, it added a sentence spelling out that “Hispanic origins are not races.”

this is not just a tussle over identity, it is a political battle, too.

say the risk in changing the questions could create confusion and lead some Latinos not to mark their ethnicity, shrinking the overall Hispanic numbers.

The 2010 census showed 1.2 million Latinos who identified as black, or 2.5 percent of the Hispanic population.

who say they feel the sting of racism much the same as other blacks.

“But the question is ‘What are you?’ and the answer is I’m white.”

racial distinctions based on 18th-century binary thinking and adapt to Americans’ sense of self.

census categorizes people by race, which typically refers to a set of common physical traits.

UsesExplicitTacitCultural

Culture, as a shared system of meanings, is learned, revised, maintained, and defined in the context of people interacting.

f we take meaning seriously, as symbolic interactionists argue we must, it be-comes necessary to study meaning carefully. We need a theory of meaning and a spe-cific methodology designed for the investigation of it.

Explicit culture

he acquired knowledge people use to interpret experience and generate behavior.

cultural knowledge.

cultural artifacts,

cultural behavior: reading.

cultural behavior, cultural knowledge, and cultural arti-facts

Culture

The essential core of ethnograph

Ethnography is the work of describing a culture.

naive realism,

ethnography means learning from people

nthropologist goes to where peo-ple live and “does fieldwork.”