Breach notification They must tell you fast (e.g. within 24 hours) - your clocks start with their call
Section 19.4 says our clocks start on our awareness, so is the supplier’s 24-hour window the right target? NIS2 already requires an early warning within 24 hours of awareness, so a 24-hour supplier notice leaves almost no margin. Should the clause be shorter for critical suppliers, such as ‘without undue delay’ or 12 hours?
Your data, and who can access it, are always yours.
If AutoRisk uses a cloud provider, how can it check that customer data is protected properly? Would reviewing the provider's security reports be enough, or should AutoRisk also test its own access settings regularly?
Bound to the real site; nothing to retype
This describes a strength, not a weakness. What are the real weaknesses of passkeys, such as a lost device or the account-recovery path? For a small company like ours, which would we need to plan for?
A breach costing more than three months’ margin would threaten the company
How should a company without margin figures, like our case company, estimate capacity? Should we use an assumption such as a share of annual revenue, or is it fine to leave capacity as a qualitative statement?
integrity, fair presentation, professional care, confidentiality, independence, and the evidence-based approach
Does this list match ISO 19011:2018? I think the 2018 edition adds a seventh principle, the risk-based approach, which would fit the ‘risk-based’ planning described in the same section.
Policy, standard and procedure bind; guidelines do not.
Example 15.3 adds records as a fourth layer of the evidence chain, but Definition 15.1 has no place for them. Are records part of the document hierarchy, or a separate evidence layer? I wrote a policy, two standards and a procedure for Nordic Phone and wasn’t sure where to put the tickets and logs.
Worse than none is the outdated document,
How often should a small company review its security procedures? Would once a year be enough, or should they update them whenever a system or supplier changes?
Whether it works is measured in behaviour, not attendance
Would the number of reported phishing emails be a better way to measure awareness than quiz results? Employees could pass a quiz but still fail to report a real attack.
maximum tolerable downtime (MTD) is the ceiling above the RTO
For NordicHealth, we have proposed an RTO of four hours for patient record access. But the maximum tolerable downtime may be shorter if a patient needs urgent treatment. Should the clinical team define a separate MTD based on patient safety, rather than treating the technical RTO as the final limit?
Accountability stays with you. Work can be delegated; responsibility for the outcome cannot.
If accountability always stays with the organisation, what can it realistically recover from a supplier that causes a breach? Contracts often cap liability or exclude indirect losses, so the fine and the loss of trust may exceed what the supplier pays. Should the contract and the risk assessment treat the gap between accountability and recourse as a residual risk that someone has to accept
A rule that ignores behaviour does not produce the behaviour; it produces theatre plus workarounds, at full cost and negative benefit.
NIST dropped forced rotation in 2017, but what should an organisation do if a customer contract, an auditor’s checklist or an older standard still requires regular password changes? Should the policy follow the evidence and document the deviation with a justification, and who has the authority to approve that deviation?
A line drawn after seeing the risks is a line drawn to flatter them.
How is the threshold kept fixed in practice? If many risks land above the line in one cycle and the budget is limited, there is pressure to move the line instead of the risks. Should the board approve the appetite statement before each assessment cycle, and who is allowed to change it mid-year, with what record?
A sample tells you a control probably worked; a full-population test tells you exactly which three exceptions exist, when, and to whom
If a full-population test is possible for anything that leaves a machine record, should it replace sampling for those controls? The text says the analysis is only as good as the question asked of the data, so how does the auditor show that the data extract is complete and that the log source itself was not altered? Does the audit trail need a step for validating the data before the test?
Design lives in the document; operation lives in the records; an audit checks both.
The procedures are written by the first line, and the records (tickets, logs, sign-offs) are produced by the same people who do the work. Who checks that the records are complete and true between audits, especially in a small organisation without an internal audit function? Is a periodic sample by the second line enough, and how often should it run
MFA protects the login, not the session
If MFA only protects the login, which controls protect the session once a token is stolen? The case names short session lifetimes and alerts on new sessions, but how short is short enough without making staff log in so often that they look for workarounds? And who decides the session policy, security or the business?
Severity ranks flaws; risk ranks work
Who decides when a patch is allowed to deviate from the CVSS order, and where is that decision recorded? The example says the reasoning must be written down, but if the patch policy sets deadlines by CVSS band, the 7.5 on the checkout could break the policy while the 9.8 on the test machine is within it. Should the policy include a rule for deviations that cites value, exposure and existing controls?
Prevention lowers how often; preparedness lowers how bad - and an organisation needs both
If preparedness is a corrective control, how should it be rated in the risk register? Does it lower the consequence score and leave likelihood unchanged, and who signs off that the lower rating is deserved?
High-risk, per Annex III: Systems used in employment, credit, education, essential services, law enforcement - domains where a wrong output changes a life.
Does healthcare fall under Annex III? The list says essential services, but I would expect AI in a medical diagnosis or analysis to be of higher risk than credit scoring per say. The script does not mention the Annex I path to high risk AI Act tier: High-risk AI systems are those: - used as a safety component or a product covered by EU laws in Annex I AND required to undergo a third-party conformity assessment under those Annex I laws.
Annex 1 (11,12)
Quoted and taken from https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/high-level-summary/
chemical shift bins
What is a chemical shift bin?
. Can we only free Afghan women to be like usor might we have to recognize that even after "liberation"from the Taliban, they might want different things thanwe would want for them? What do we do about that?
what if some Afghan women like where there at? do we force them to change what they know best? What do we do ?
.) What does free-dom mean if we accept the fundamental premise that hu-mans are social beings, always raised in certain social andhistorical contexts and belonging to particular communi-ties that shape their desires and understandings of theworld
this is asking the question of what freedom acturally mean? many people have there own definition of freedom, so how can we say what freedom actually is?
is werethe case, why would women suddenly become immodest?Why would they suddenly throw off the markers of theirrespectability,
when the Taliban are gone would women not follow there religion or tradition anymore.
In many fields and activities, years of training have traditionally served not only to produce a final answer or product, but also to develop understanding and the ability to formulate new questions and ideas.
【方法】作者阐述了传统训练的双重目的：不仅产生最终答案或产品，还发展理解能力和提出新问题的能力。这一方法论视角强调了学习过程本身的价值，而非仅关注结果，这与当前AI只关注结果输出的模式形成对比。
but unless the imaginary world is nothing more than a costume trunk of empty avatars, all of the interactor's possible performances will have been called into being by the originating author.
Wouldn't this make it so any story will always lack something to allow full agency? People will never fully be able to decide something on their own unless the story was being made right then and there. With prewritten stories, how close are we actually able to get it to full agency? How close can we get to the same type of agency explained at the beginning?
no one that practices sin has either seen him or come to know him.”
TODO How exactly does this work?
1 = 23s + 25t for \(s,t \in \mathbb{Z}\) can be solved using Euclid's algorithm. Is there another method?
What about novel formalisms and notations? How are new abstractions created, evolved, and incrementally formalized over time—and how might new systems, in turn, be explicitly designed to support these processes?
How might we co-create a new notation with a machine, and thereafter communicate through that notation, even share out the notation to broader communities?
While current AI systems support "horizontal" translations from informal ideas to established notations, how should we ensure that the "vertical" process of creation—new notations, new abstractions—is also supported?
Why and when is formalizationhelpful, and when is it not?
What stages does a notation go through until itis considered sufficiently “formalized”?
How is a notation initially created? Arethere common steps or techniques?
Why does a notation emerge? What com-pels or necessitates the creation of a new notation?
How do humans ultimately develop new notations, new formalisms, and new abstractions, that they use to communicate with machines and each other?
his is where yo
we can use tags
successful students seek help. They use resources.
One of the challenges I think students might face is feeling like they have to solve every problem on their own. This section shows that asking for help is actually a strength not a weakness. Knowing that support exists on campus makes me feel more confident about handling challenges that may come up during college.
The relationships you build with your professors will be some of the most important ones you create during your college career.
This really stood out to me because of how important it is to have a good relationship with your professor. In high school most students only talk to teachers during class but in college it is important to build connections with professors. Those relationships can help with internships, recommendations, and future career opportunities.
Adjustments to College Are Inevitable
What stood out to me most is that college involves more than just academic adjustment. Students also have to adjust socially, emotionally, and financially, which can affect their success in school. I think the social and academic adjustments will probably be the biggest challenges for many first-year students including myself.
College not only will expand your mind, but it may also make you a little uncomfortable, challenge your identity, and at times, make you doubt your abilities.
I like this text because it talks about how college can be challenging and uncomfortable at times. Growth usually happens when people are pushed outside of their comfort zones and try new things. It a good reminder that feeling stressed or unsure sometimes does not mean your failing, it means your learning.
No one succeeds at anything by oneself.
A lot of students feel like they have to figure everything out on their own but in reality, students use resources and ask for help when they need it to be succesful. This connects to the article about hidden curriculum because knowing where to get help is a big part of doing good in college.
it takes passion and perseverance to be gritty. It also takes resilience, or the ability to bounce back from adversity.
This section helps me think about college differently because it reminds me that success is not just about being smart. There's going to be challenges and being able to keep going when things get difficult is important. I think developing resilience will help me handle setbacks and stay focused on my goals.
Cool application with the lynx-hare data—always fun to see historical datasets brought back to life.
Quick question on the binarization: I see you used species-specific medians (Figure 6 caption). Given that ψ and the directional kernel might be pretty sensitive to where you draw that "high/low" line, did you try other cutoffs? Maybe 33rd/67th percentiles, or mean-based?
Figure 7 shows nice recovery for the median, but I'm particularly curious whether the directional asymmetry (p3 >> p7) holds up under other thresholds—especially given that 1918 reset mentioned in the held-out analysis. That year seems like it could be a stress test for any fixed threshold.
Would be curious to hear how robust the results are. Thanks!
Jellyfish, an engineering management platform, similarly found engineers who used the most tokens were about twice as productive as those who used AI less, but they spent 10x the number of tokens to get there.
大多数人认为更多的AI使用会带来更高的生产力回报，但作者的数据表明，高AI使用者的生产力仅是低使用者的两倍，但成本却是10倍。这挑战了行业对AI投资回报率的普遍假设。
signalétique
Pourrais-tu préciser ce que tu entends par signalétique ?
How should all this computing powerbe used and for what?
old question
How can people with different goals and capabilities, and in different contexts, be able to use computingproductively, enjoyably, and safely?
current question
hus, antibacterial activity can presumably be enhanced by introducing appropriate hydrophobic chains and extending the distance between the urea bond and the aryl group
The study shows that introducing urea linkages and modifying the distance between the urea group and the aromatic ring improves antibacterial activity, but it does not fully explain the underlying chemical reason. How does increasing the linker length or flexibility influence the binding interactions between the drug and the bacterial ribosome at a molecular level? Would further increasing chain length continue to improve activity, or is there an optimal balance between flexibility and binding specificity?
Compared with 6a, 6i and 6j achieved lowerMIC values, suggesting that the antibacterial activity of thecompounds in which the urea group and benzene ring arelinked by carbon atoms may be higher than that of thecompounds in which they are directly linked.
This result suggests that increasing the distance between the urea group and the benzene ring improves antibacterial activity. However, the article does not fully explain why this structural change enhances activity. Could this be due to improved flexibility of the molecule, better binding interactions with the ribosome, or changes in hydrophobic interactions?
Scheme 3. Synthesis of Medium-Sized and Macrocyclic Thioethers
Annotation #3 - QUESTION
How does increasing the ring size, such as utilizing larger carbon rings, impact availability of electrophilic centers and stability, therefore how does that impact the speed and likelihood of intramolecular cyclization to occur in this reaction?
Jacob Erickson, remet en question l’idée que les bulles de filtres soient négatives
Je trouve ce point assez passionnant. On touche au paradoxe de la liberté numérique : le même outil qui crée des chambres d'écho toxiques pour le complotisme sert de "safe space" indispensables pour les minorités. Est-ce qu'on peut alors techniquement casser les bulles politiques sans détruire ces refuges identitaires nécessaires ?
« bulle de filtre protectrice ».
Le concept de "bulle de filtre protectrice" est fascinant, as-tu des exemples concrets de communautés marginalisées qui en bénéficient ? Les personnes LGBTQ+ ou les minorités ethniques seraient de bons cas. Tu as juste à le mentionner entre parenthèses !
<the personalization of information on the Internet is harmful for Internet users, since they are no longer confronted with information that could broaden their interests or challenge their beliefs or opinions>
Citation ou Mark down ?
<new web-based media have integrated several mechanisms that allow for websites to collect much more precise information. These include “share”, “like”, “subscribe” buttons, etc., which inform algorithms about users’ online behavior.>
Problème de Markdown ?
N’importe quel de ces bouttons collectent plein d’informations sur l’utilisateur.
Est-ce qu'on parle de la phrase d'avant quand on parle des boutons ?
Ainsi, l’enjeu n’est plus seulement de cacher son nom, mais de réussir à rester soi-même dans un monde numérique où tout finit par être retouché ou calculé.
Si nos visages deviennent uniformisés par les noms cachés par des pseudos, est-ce que la singularité humaine ne risque pas de disparaître totalement au profit de comportements dictés par les plateformes ?
l’anonymat total, le fait de ne laisser aucune trace, n’existe pas
Si l'anonymat total n'existe pas, où se situe la vraie "protection" du pseudonyme ? Côté regard des autres ou côté plateformes et données techniques ?
place au cyberharcèlement
En ayant un pseudo, l'utilisateur peut t-il ressentir un sentiment de toute puissance car son identité n'est pas connu ? Ce sentiment est -il le vecteur qui pousse au cyberharcèlement ?
qu’en est-il de nos visages
Très bonne ouverture qui élargit la réflexion
un outil pour être plus « vrai »
Je suis d'accord avec cette partie, mais je pense que le pseudonyme ouvre une porte a la haine, la violence verbale et la désinformation. Pouvoir se cacher derrière une identité n'est pas une bonne chose pour les personnes mal intentionnées; on pourrait se demander si, sans pseudonymes, il y aurait autant d'harcelement et de haine sur les réseaux sociaux.
Leurs vidéos ont plus tendance à polariser leurs croyances plutôt qu’à les convaincre que celles-ci ne sont que de fausses théories, finalement par leurs vidéos ils peuvent renforcer les pensées qu’ils combattent
Comment briser cet effet rebond ? Est-ce qu'une approche moins frontale et plus nuancée sur l'incertitude scientifique permettrait de mieux toucher les publics hostiles ?
Pour que leurs vidéos soient visibles, partagées, commentées et aimées elles se doivent d’être accrocheuses, car elles apparaissent moins sensationnelles que les vidéos relayant des théories du complot ou des fakes news.
Est ce qu'il y aurait des chiffres à ajouter ici pour comparer les vues entre une vidéo complotiste et une vidéo de debunking ? Ça rendrait l'argument beaucoup plus concret !
image crédible
à quoi se réfère le terme "image crédible" et au près de qui doivent-ils l'avoir? La communauté scientifique? Le public déjà sensibilisé ou non?
danger pour les démocraties du monde
Pourquoi? Ne relèvent-elles pas de la liberté d'expression? Quand est-ce qu'un contenu ne relève plus de la liberté d'expression?
leur public
On peut se demander si ces contenus atteignent seulement les personnes concernées par la désinformation ou aussi celles qui sont déjà critiques/sensibilisées?
L’algorithme de recommandation est important à prendre en compte selon eux, car il favorise les contenus faux.
Favorise-t-il les contenus faux seulement parce qu'ils sont plus sensationnels? Je trouve que le rôle de l’algorithme est mentionné mais pas assez développé, alors qu’il est central dans la visibilité de ces contenus.
l’attention de manière prioritaire sur les fils d’actualité
Cette attention prioritaire poussent - elle les créateurs de contenus à scnénariser leurs contenues dans le but de faire du "buzz" afin de mettre en avant leurs vidéos?
La valeur de ces récompenses est considérablement décuplée par leur visibilité publique
Est ce que la visibilité publique des likes/réactions renforce la pression sociale (validation, statut) ?
Cette viralité renforcée des discours d’indignation ou de haine entraîne une fragmentation profonde de la société post-digitale. En privilégiant ce qui divise pour mieux régner sur l’attention, le mécanisme de récompense transforme la polarisation en une caractéristique structurelle des réseaux sociaux. Ce système finit par influencer la nature même des débats, où la recherche de la “récompense” (le like de son camp) prime sur la recherche d’un terrain d’entente ou d’une vérité partagée.
Je trouve cette partie très pertinente, et l'on pourrait meme se demander si les plateformes ont un réel interêt financier à moderer la haine, vu que ça génère parfois plus d'audience.
onvertir sa notoriété en pouvoir politique
Cela me fait penser à Donald Trump. Son cas s'applique t-il à cette notion ?
relation parasociale.
Tu montres que la proximité parasociale rend le message plus crédible et plus mémorable. À partir de quand cette proximité devient-elle un biais qui remplace l’argumentation ?
relation parasociale.
C'est super intéressant. On voit un vrai paradoxe avec le fait d'utiliser des pseudos pour protéger notre "vrai identité", mais aussi le fait de faire confiance à des stars qu'on ne connaît pas vraiment, juste parce qu'elles ont l'air proches de nous. Est ce que tu penses que cette recherche d'authenticité chez les célébrités est une réponse au manque de naturel des politiciens ?
comment concilier cette logique d’attention, fondée sur l’émotion et l’identification, avec les exigences d’une démocratie fondée sur la délibération, l’argumentation et la connaissance ?
Question pertinente qui ouvre bien la réflexion
Quand l’identité laisse des traces et devient une réputation
Est-ce qu'on est vraiment "caché" derrière un avatar si toutes nos actions sont enregistrées et analysées par la communauté ?
le groupe apprend à associer à une présence.
Cette identité suit elle le joueur durant toute sa vie de joueur ou elle peut évoluer au fil du temps ? Celui qui était connu pour provoquer devient calme ou inversement.
Quand l’identité laisse des traces et devient une réputation
A reformuler ? ( Quand nos traces en ligne fabriquent notre réputation - par exemple )
Les actions laissent des traces, et ces traces alimentent la réputation.
On peut se demander comment un joueur peut effacer/ contrôler ces traces ?
proximité
Cette proximité est‑elle vécue de la même manière par tous les profils (genre, âge) ?
livres de connaître un succès fulgurant
Ici tu parle de livres plus anciens ou peu visibles mais est ce qu'il n'y a pas aussi une "surexposition", une "sur recommandation" des livres les plus connu ou d'auteur qui sont très tendance sur BookTok et que des la sortie de leur nouveau livre celui est recommandé par tous ? Je pense notamment à l'autrice Morgane Moncomble, autrice de new romance. Est -ce que cela ne vient pas entraver la dynamique qui est de parler de livre peu connu pour leur donner une vraie visibilité ?
Les réseaux peuvent accélérer une notoriété déjà en construction.
Est ce qu'il existe des contre exemples d'auteurs qui étaient complètement inconnus et qui sont devenus célèbres uniquement grâce aux réseaux sociaux, sans passer par un média ou autre ?
se perdre
Que signifie concrètement « se perdre » ici ? Perte d’authenticité, d’intimité ?
équilibre entre donner l’illusion de tout partager avec ses abonnés tout en gardant le contrôle.
Très intéressant. Mais cela ne peut pas avoir des limites et des dangers, car tout ne peut pas être contrôlé ? Par exemple avec la cas de Poupette Kenza, tout partagé en gardant le contrôle peut être difficile ou encore quand tout partager amène à des abonnés très investis dans la vie de l'influenceur voir très intrusifs ? Qu'en pense tu ?
Musc Intime, Owari, Palm Cosmetic
est ce qu'il faut mettre de l'italique pour le nom d'une marque ?
avec quelqu’un qui ne le connait pas vraiment
est ce que tu ne voulais pas mettre : qu'il ne connait pas vraiment ?
;
pourquoi un ; et pas une ,
Avez-vous déjà ressenti ce pincement au cœur en faisant défiler votre fil Instagram ou TikTok ? Entre voyages paradisiaques, corps sculptés et réussites éclatantes, la vie des influenceurs semble être un long fleuve tranquille. 127 millions d’influenceurs dans le monde. 127 millions de vies qui semblent plus belles que la vôtre. Mais derrière cette perfection numérique se cache souvent une réalité soigneusement maquillée pour ne paraître que plus belle . Et si l’on regardait derrière le filtre
tu as mis ton chapô après un tiret ?
deepfakes
Est-ce qu'il existe des outils concrets aujourd'hui pour tenter de détecter les deepfakes ou pas du tout ?
Dans sa forme traditionnelle, l’usurpation d’identité
Est ce qu'il y a donc un terme pour parler de l'usurpation d'identité sur Internet/avec l'IA ?
Parce que les stéréotypes se manifestent via des images et des vidéos publiées par des influenceurs,
Les influenceurs reproduisent-ils ces stéréotypes volontairement ou suivent-ils simplement les tendances populaires ?
Depuis tout petit, on nous dit comment être un garçon ou une fille
Est ce que c'est lié à la famille ou aussi à l'école, aux médias et aux réseaux sociaux ?
Aesthetics
c'est juste une question mais pourquoi mettre un a majuscule ?
on peut devenir qui l’on veut
Peut-on réellement être totalement libre dans sa représentation, ou est-on influencé par des normes sociales et culturelles ?
une totale liberté dans la façon de se représenter.
Si tu avais cette possibilité, quel personnage choisirais‑tu ?
là où unà inverse
Ici, tu voulais dire “tandis qu’à l’inverse” ou “à l’inverse”, au lieu de cette construction que je ne comprends pas ? Je pensais que c’était de l’espagnol, mais ensuite tu continues la phrase en français.
ls ne peuvent pas avoir de comportements imprévisibles,
Mais il y'a bien un humain qui gère ses "influenceurs" virtuels? pourquoi elle ne pourrait pas faire d'erreur ?
Cela donne aux internautes l’impression de les connaître
Est‑ce que cette impression de proximité fonctionne de la même manière avec un avatar virtuel qu’avec une célébrité?
contenus jugés problématiques et stéréotypés
préciser quels sont les contenus, de quel type racistes ? mysogines ?. a t'il était traité comme un influenceur et a du faire une vidéo d'excuse ?
produire du contenu en continu
pour ces influenceurs virtuels y'a t'il un coup de production ?
coût par portée
que signifie le coût par portée ?
choix
de quel choix parle-t-on ? et ici les choix désigne les décisions des internautes ?
confiance
préciser de quelle confiance on parle. La confiance que le public a envers les influenceurs ?
L’image filtrée devient un standard impossible à atteindre, générant frustration et une baisse d’estime de soi, surtout chez les adolescents en pleine construction.
Alors pourquoi l’humain a tendance à se comparer à des images qu’il sait pourtant artificielles/inatteignables ?
L’enjeu n’est plus seulement de comprendre comment nous nous montrons en ligne, mais de décider collectivement du rapport que nous voulons entretenir avec des images qui peuvent désormais, exister sans nous.
Ducoup, penses-tu que la régulation des filtres relève plus de l’État, des plateformes ou des utilisateurs eux-mêmes ?
À travers les jeux vidéo, les utilisateurs cherchent à rentrer dans un monde fictif qui les déconnecte de leur réalité, un monde dans lequel ils sont le personnage principal grâce à leur avatar et influent sur la narration, sur les évènements de ce monde.
Est-ce que cette sensation d’être “le main character” compenserait pas un manque de reconnaissance dans la vie réelle ?
Depuis la montée des jeux vidéo, un stéréotype subsiste, celui qui prétend que les gamers seraient en grande partie des hommes, jeunes, isolés, sans grande interaction avec le monde réel.
Est-ce que tu penses que les médias ont joué un rôle en construisant cette image faussée du gamer ?
computer generated characters in motion pictures such as Avatar, the Lord of the Rings, and popular Pixar animations where the animated characters replicate gestures made by real human actors.
I wonder when AI started to be credited for motion capture technology. I read somewhere that one of the first movies to make use of motion capture (perhaps being entirely made through that technology) was The Polar Express (2004). It makes me wonder what constitutes AI and what is advanced technology, which is a key point this article focuses on.
identité numérique
C'est quoi l'identité numérique ? Donne une définition afin que quelqu'un qui ne connaît pas le sujet puisse bien comprendre
l’analyse de ce phénomène
fais attention à ton utilisation du gras, qui est un peu trop fréquente
53
pourquoi "53" et pas "3" ?
42.
pourquoi "42" et pas "2" ?
vitrine
Que veux tu dire par "vitrine" ?
Ce qui est frappant, c’est que cette forme de pouvoir ne cherche pas à convaincre.
Est-ce qu'on peut encore parler de "vie privée" si toutes nos hésitations et nos comportements invisibles sont enregistrés sans qu'on s'en rende compte ?
En variant nos identités, nous rendons les algorithmes moins efficaces
Existe-t-il des études scientifiques montrant que cette stratégie réduit réellement le traçage ?
range of audiences
Are we going to be changing our audience throughout the quarter for the same assignments? Or will all assignments of the same type have the same audience?
defensible
forse invece di defensible ci serve una spiegazione più ampia, tipo Turn scattered evidence into clear, decision-ready outcomes/summaries/? o esempi: “investment memos, underwriting packages, regulatory dossiers” (tailor by page or by industry toggle).
persistent watchlists
significa che continua a runnare e quando ci sono nuove opportunità flagga l'output?
he resulting acetyl-CoA can enter several pathways for the biosynthesis of larger molecules or it can flow into another pathway of central metabolism called the Citric Acid Cycle, sometimes also called the Krebs Cycle, or Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle.
I learned this in a lot of detail in IB Bio and when I was going through dissecting steps, I remember at some points there were random H+ coming into the mix and I did not understand where they were coming from because I thought of this process as being isolated. Right now, I am thinking that these H+ probably exist within the environment that the reaction is taking place within and are simply grabbed up?
As the ATP is consumed, the muscle cells are unable to keep up with the demand for respiration, O2 becomes limiting, and NADH accumulates. Cells need to get rid of the excess and regenerate NAD+, so pyruvate serves as an electron acceptor, generating lactate and oxidizing NADH to NAD+. Many bacteria use this pathway as a way to complete the NADH/NAD+ cycle.
Slightly unrelated to the topic at hand but did this evolve in species after they started becoming more physically active? I wouldn't think that bacteria would have any use for this pathway within this specific context (generating lactic acid to meet demand for energy due to exercise). Also how important is the production of lactic acid; does the acid itself have benefits or is it simply a byproduct/tradeoff?
A variety of mechanisms have emerged over the 3.25 billion years of evolution to create ATP from ADP and AMP
I think this is implying that ADP came first and then ATP evolved from ADP but this leads me to think about how ADP came into existence. I dont think its a case similar to the phospholipid bilayer where it just happens if theres enough of the needed molecules floating around and without ATP which is what releases energy after turning into ADP, I don't understand its function or importance in organisms before
If you’ll see your grade as a sign of your improvementand your learning, odds are I’ll agree with you
Is this you saying we choose our own grade for this class how would that work?
brk( )
처음 보는 시스템 콜인데.. 힙 사이즈를 바꾼다고??
To solve this problem, those cells often have significantly more mitochondria than cells that do not require such a large constant energy supply.
So cells are able to create more mitochondria according to energy needs? I thought that the number of mitochondria is dictated by the cell's DNA.
Cortisol plays a key role in mobilizing substances needed for cellular metabolism and stimulates gluconeogenesis or the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or free fatty acids in the liver. In addition, cortisol enhances the elevation of blood glucose levels that is promoted by other hormones, such as epinephrine, glucagon, and growth hormone. The effects of cortisol are considered to be permissive for the actions of other hormones. Cortisol also inhibits the uptake and oxidation of glucose by many body cells. Overall, the cortisol-induced increase in carbohydrate metabolism serves to energize the body to cope with the stressor.
A middle-aged female is presented with COPD, respiratory failure, and prediabetes is being treated with systemic corticosteroids for acute bronchitis. Since starting steroid therapy, her blood glucose levels have remained around 190 mg/dL, and she has a slow-healing wound on her arm. She does not normally require insulin. Which pathophysiological mechanism best explains the delayed wound healing in this patient?
A. Cortisol activation leads to increased insulin sensitivity and enhanced collagen production.
B. Elevated cortisol levels cause insulin resistance, impaired leukocyte function, and decreased collagen synthesis.
C. Acute hypoglycemia resulting in reduced tissue perfusion and delayed cellular repair.
D. Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity causing accelerated tissue regeneration.
Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
What is FERPA exactly?
Feel like an imposter. There is actually a name for this condition: imposter syndrome. Students who feel like an imposter are worried that they don’t belong, that someone will “expose them for being a fake.” This feeling is pretty common for anyone who finds themselves in a new environment and is not sure if they have what it takes to succeed. Trust the professionals who work with first-year college students: you do have what it takes, and you will succeed. Just give yourself time to get adjusted to everything.
Why do some students feel imposter syndrome more than others ?
as the world would realize, so, too, was Andrews
What made the world realize that Andrews was an "astute, mellifluous, intimidating creature"?
corrigé
Pour la question 3, je ne comprends pas pourquoi on ne transforme pas totalLivres en type str. Parce que cette dernière vaut 545 et est donc de type number, donc moi j'avais d'abord transformé ce number en str, puis l'ai concaténé avec "Notre bibliothèque possède ".
for - paper - The emergence of egalitarianism in a model of early human societies (2017) - author - Guillaume Calmettes - James N. Weiss
How did egalitarianism emerge in early human societies?
for - question - egalitarianism - how did it arise in early human societies?
don't think at the molecular level we know exactly how a cell can be said to know the time has come to divide but it won't do so until that is the case
for - unanswered question - when cells know when to divide
I was faced in 1958 when I started graduate study at University College London with that extraordinary fact. Nobody knew how it could be that a muscle could excite itself to be rhythmic.
for - history - Denis Noble - 1958 - question - heartbeat of embryo - how? no nervous system yet.
Can our social evolution save us from the path of our social evolution that began 10 000 years ago?
for - question - evolution - can our social evolution save us - from the path of our social evolution that began 10,000 years ago?
Le premier, et le plus répandu, est le livrel « homothétique », qui est une transposition à l’identique d’un livre papier en version numérique.
Le ePub du coup serait un livre homothétique puisqu'il reprend exactement la même structure que les livres papiers mais au format numérique à moins qu'on puisse mettre des liens ou des vidéos, je ne sais pas.
installé par la personne à partir d’éléments très simples à assembler, s’impose.
Est-ce que cela signifie aussi que les utilisateurs peuvent assembler eux-même leurs PC avec des pièces qu'ils peuvent acheter séparément ou plutôt la facilité d'utiliser l'ordinateur en branchant un clavier, une souris et le cable d'alimentation et évidemment que c'est OpenSource et qu'on peut développer des logiciels.
I was referring back to uh the original uh definition by Walsh which was not the anthroposine at all it was the anthrop era and maybe that what we actually need to be thinking about is is this an era is this the anthroposic era rather than the anthroposine
for - question - anthropocene - era instead of epoch? - professor Alasdair Skelton, Stockholm University - great presentation comparing anthropocene vs other eras in the past 66 million years
Why seven minutes? Could it be because of the article's length -or because it creates a compromise between the time for standard/surface-level and deep analysis. Is this an Albert Wesker reference? (joking).
Principal balances: outstanding loan principal amounts to be paid by borrowersInterest balances: interest accrued on loan principal amounts to be paid by borrowersFee Balances: servicing fees accrued on loan principal amounts to be paid to your platform
how are these determined?
Regarding implants' survival, three implants were lost in the US-while only one implant was lost in the SL-group (P = .6085; Fisher's exact test). Nevertheless, the ultrashort implants were associated with a tripling of the failure rate and uncertainty where the true failure rate is uncertain (relative risk 3.0; confidence interval 0.3-26.8).
Such a phrasing, seem like two independent contradict statements at first but they are just the same thing twice after reading the main text. The RR numbers are not even showed in the main text.
RR of 2.49
where does this number come from? Table 1 does not have it.
From a researcher's perspective, is there merit in studying how learning is accomplished in a participatory culture where young people collectively pool their resources?
Do adolescents' online literacies have implications for the research and teaching of literacy?
Why not simply accept those literacies for what they appear to be--something apart from formal schooling and best not co-opted by us, no matter how noble our intent?
There are more subtle ways that we internalize identifica- tion, especially in the forms of images and emotions.
Would this be watching football and arguing with your in-laws on Thanksgiving for White people?
going back to Sanskrit and other indigenous languages understanding that sound creates form
for - language - ancient - sound creates form - question - language creates form - what is she exactly saying?
we can’t recapture the same processes we used to learn to speak for the very first time
for - unlearning language - key insight - language - cannot recapture same process we used as child - cannot recapture the same processes we used to learn to speak language for the very first time - basically, we lose access to that original vocal learning circuit as an adult - question - language learning - what is this vocal learning circuit of an infant? - why do we lost access to the vocal learning circuit we had as a child? - observation - clue - language - accidental world recall and substitution - a clue to how we remember words - I wrote the above sentence "why do we lost access to the vocal learning circuit we had as a child?" when I meant to write: - "why do we LOSE access to the vocal learning circuit we had as a child?' - This very observation also has the same mistake: - "observation - clue - language - accidental world" instead of: - observation - clue - language - accidental WORD"! - I've noticed this accidental word substitution when we are in the midst of automatically composing sentences quite often and have also wondered about it often. - I think it offers an important clue about how we remember words, and that is critical for recall for using language itself. - We must store words in clusters that are indicated by the accidental recall
Your brain is incredible at pattern recognitionBut this superpower has a dark side:Once you see a pattern, it becomes incredibly hard to "unsee" it.You become trapped in your own mental models.
for - adjacency - learning - unlearning - ritual - language - BEing journey - question - Could we apply ritual to unlearn language? - quote - Your brain is incredible at pattern recognition. But this superpower has a dark side: - Once you see a pattern, it becomes incredibly hard to "unsee" it. - You become trapped in your own mental models - John Vervaeke
adjacency - learning - unlearning - ritual - language - BEing journey - Could we apply ritual to break the pattern of language? This could be an interesting BEing journey!
this may belie how the rhetorical action of melodrama can actuallycomplicate public understanding by enhancing perception of largely unrecognizedissues and challenging the simplicity of dominant discourse
If melodrama can complicate public understanding by enhancing perception of largely unrecognized issues, how do we determine when this complication is productive rather than overwhelming or confusing for the audience?
edrawing the line between identification and division
If melodrama helps uncover environmental harm, when does it go too far? Is there a point where it's polarization becomes counterproductive?
That question mark, standing for a question that the mind asks without words and cannot answer, is a stroke of genius.
for - quote - Lok's ear spoke to Lok. "?" - ah, now I get it! I had to read the context before I could understand what the significance of "?" is!
the old man tells them the stories of a paradisiacal time
for - question - novel - The Inheritors - how does the old man tell a story when there is no language yet?
hile today, films that focus on activism are common, back then, such movies were outliers and not typically successful at the box office.
for - Social change media - Participant Media - question - Did the success of Participant Media lead to its own obsolescence?
Panel C additionally controls for baseline values of the dependent variable,as per McKenzie (2012), and for student gender (see Section VIC). When baselinevalues have missing observations, we replace these with zero and include a dummyvariable indicating that the observation was missing.
so this means we are assuming that some people's starting points are replaced with no financial knowledge? which might increase the positive effect shown by the program??
for - youtube - Legal AF - Opus Day - question - Who is Opus Day? What harm have they been doing? - They seem to be associated with dark conservative forces
. There is, however, an asymmetry inherent in this account, in that theneurocognitive overlap between past and future events reflects a unidirectional contributory relationship
for - question - asymmetry in past and future events - what does this mean?
L’Indochinoise
Est-il usuel de désigner la péninsule par le seul adjectif « Indochinoise » ?
Note de Marie-Thérèse Dougnac sur le fonds indo-chinois
Pouvez-vous confirmer que le « fonds indo-chinois » est bien écrit avec cette orthographe et sans la majuscule dans le titre de ce document ?
E 178, Note sur le fonds Indochinois.
Plus haut, à la note 9, la « Note sur le fonds Indochinois » est localisée sous la cote E317 ; dans la note précédente, la cote E178 est identifiée comme celle de la « Note à l'attention de Monsieur l'Administrateur général sur l'urgente nécessité ... ». La cote E178 est-elle correcte ?
Paul Boyer à M. l’Administrateur Général de la Bibliothèque nationale.
« Monsieur l'Administrateur général » est habituellement écrit au long dans les autres documents, sans la majuscule à « général ». Pouvez-vous confirmer que l'honorifique est bien abbrévié dans ce document et que la majuscule est présente ?
De son côté, après son retour à Sài Gòn, Phan Vô Kỵ co-fonde l’Association des bibliothèques du Viêtnam en 1958.
Un peu de contexte supplémentaire serait nécessaire ici. Dans le passage précédent, on croit comprendre que la demande de stage de Phan Vô Kỵ à la bibliothèque nationale est refusée ; il est pourtant ici question de « retour à Sài Gòn » (depuis la France, croit-on comprendre). Vous citez également le dossier personnel d'employé de Phan Vô Kỵ à la BnF : y a-t-il donc finalement occupé un rôle ? Si c'est le cas, il serait bon de préciser lequel.
Archives et Bibliothèque nationale du Sud Việt Nam, demande à entreprendre un stage à la Bilbiothèque nationale27. Toutefois, la Bibliothèque nationale refuse sa demande de stage, jugeant son niveau trop élémentaire pour un apprentissage à long terme. Ces nouvelles trajectoires traduisent une évolution des pratiques documentaires au Sud Viêtnam
Y a-t-il une raison pour laquelle « Sud Viêtnam » est orthographié de deux manières différentes ?
MToC argues that “first-order” processes can be conscious without meta-representations.
for - MToC - first order processes can be conscious WITHOUT meta-representation. - interesting! - Question - does this mean sensory input is somehow conscious?
I've been thinking about this stuff for decades, and I had not broached the topic of platonic patterns until until this year. And that's because I think it is now actionable.
for - quote - platonic patterns are now actionable - Michael Levin - I've been thinking about this stuff for decades, and I had not broached the topic of platonic patterns until this year. - And that's because I think it is now actionable. - question - progress trap - moral questions and alarm bells? playing God? - Michael Levin
Development
This position Piaget to a cognitivist and interpretivist. How does this two complement each other?
Qualitative and quantitative changes build on each other during de-velopment.
I am curious to know how this help us researchers design our methodologies?
Our research has shown that very small children solveproblems using unique mixtures of processes. In contrast with adults,who react differently to objects and to people, young children are likelyto fuse action and speech when responding to both objects and socialbeings. This fusion of activity is analagous to syncretism in perception,which has been described by many developmental psychologists
Have these conclusions changed? Are they part of current child psychology?
iScoil - A 21st Century Educational Approach
Available?
Course Evaluation Matrix
Sample?
Meet every summer to carry out programmecontent review● Meet twice yearly for review of student andstakeholder feedback
Is this still the case?
group work projects
How much group work is currently done?
custom built video tutorials or live calls to help the students
Is this true, custom built video tutorials?
Google CS First
Is this still offered? Generally which of the additional programmes are still offered
The majority of these are @home students who are unable to attend school formedical reasons. The majority of @blended
comment pouvez-vous intégrer les valeurs de la République au sein du public halophone on on dit venez à notre 00:54:41 atelier à distance c'est compliqué mais on a des collègues qui travaillent du coup avec les upe 2A et et les élèves à juste quand on parle du public halallophone on parle juste de la barrière de la langue quelque part donc 00:54:53 on va on on peut tout à fait faire vivre les valeurs de citoyens français avec les élèves hophones si on on fait le lève cette barrière de la langue dans un premier 00:55:05 temps juste c'est c'est même plus facile parce que moi je dis toujours he les les publicalophones ils ils sont fascinés par la France ils sont fascinés par notre pays il ils sont heureux d'être 00:55:18 ici donc ils ils seront d'autant plus réceptifs à à à ce qu'on partage les valeurs avec eux enf moi c'est ce que j'ai c'est ce que j'ai connu avec avec ces ces élèves à la F qui arrivent en France pour certains ça a été le 00:55:31 parcours du combattant de venir ici mais ils sont tellement heureux d'être avec nous que effectivement ils sont très réceptifs
comment on fait pour faire partager les valeurs à la publique 00:44:39 à des élèves en grande précarité ce qui est question compliquée je je sais bien mais comme vous l'avez toutes et tous vécu comment on peut faire en sorte que ça reste pas du discours creux pour des 00:44:51 élèves qui sont parfois en grande difficulté social et familial
Shear blades come in three main types: convex, semi-convex and beveled.
I would like to know what type of shear blades we are using in the classroom?
# {
What does the Syntax # {... } do ??
As self-fulfilling prophecies, metaphors and analogies, and in turn themedia imaginaries that they entail, have played more than one role in Webhistory.
Do Berners-Lees metaphorical descriptions of the web serve a similar purpose as the myth of the web described in the first section. Simply put does the rhetoric surrounding the web serve to promote ideals of altruism and freedom in use of the web.
sacred gift to society.
one could say gun powder is a sacred gift to society for all of its potential uses, but in spite of all the potentially beneficial uses it has also been used in destructive ways. Is an inventions value characterized by its potential or its actual consequences
‘a city at the heart of Europe with a cosmopoli-tan heritage’ (Gillies and Cailliau 2000: 48) – is represented as the ideal contextin which a medium like the Web might originate and flourish
Does the characteristics of the Webs development reflect the characteristics of the web itself for merely the romanticized idea of the web.
contextual dynamics
In other world, operational reduction semantic in wikipedia<br /> It seems the presented contextual dynamic present no way for us to reasoning about it: <br /> even the simplest plus(hole, 2){1} = plus(1, hole){2} can't be proven.
I pretended he was not worthy of existence.
Thats a little odd? I mean she has a crush on him and she wants to pretend like he's not there. Is she afraid of showing affection or being vulnerable?
t was a miniskirt in beige tweed
Why did her mom choose a miniskirt? Was it an actual present or a lesson? Maybe she wants to fit in with the girls at school?
So an imitator has neither knowledge nor correct belief aboutwhether the things he makes are good or bad
if that is so, why does it matter? socrates claims that a painter is simply an imitator, so why would an imitator need to know the intricacies of an object they are painting or if that object is good or bad?
Certainly not.
so they are discussing the nature of who is consider a creator? it seems that they consider a craftsman someone who physically makes the piece, and that you are classified as an imitator based on if you replicate the work?
a human beingwho knows every craft as well as everything else anyone knows, and thatthere is nothing of which he does not have a more exact knowledge thananyone else, we should assume we are talking to a naïve fellow. He hasbeen deceived, it seems, by an encounter with some sort of sorcerer orimitator, whom he therefore considers to be all-wise. But that is becauseof his own inability to distinguish between knowledge, lack of knowledge,and imitation
are they trying to insinuate that an artist is simply an imitator that fools a viewer that they are a craftsman? as well as a viewer being a fool for believing a painter to be a craftsman?
It’s notabout coming to an exhaustive knowledge of what one has read but being able to choose areading within a text one encounters.
If reading is framed as “choosing” rather than “knowing everything,” what does this mean for citations? How do we avoid misrepresentation when we are always inevitably selective? This to me makes me think about the importance of perspective in reading
this system that actually tells you which one is you which one is not you is the self is not the self yeah so the immune system
for - adjacency - brain - identity - immune system - immune system involved with identity at a microscopic level - which molecule is part of "you"? - which moleculev is NOT part of you - immune system preceded neural system
? - maybe there is similarity between neural processing and immune system response?
the really interesting question is like how come a bunch of dump cells give rise to something very smart which is the brain
for - question - how do dumb cells give rise to a smart brain?
Planetarity, and two forms of diversity,
for - definition - planetarity - Michel Bauwens - tension between two forces - regionalism vs - global virtual domains - phygital domains - question - how do we reconcile - phygital vs regional?
THEY WANT TO BE ABLE TO OWN THEIR OWN VOICES. AND THIS IS WHAT I FIGHT AGAINST NOW, ARE THINGS LIKE NDAS, BECAUSE A LOT OF THESE WOMEN SIGNED NDAS AS YOUNG GIRLS
for - progress trap - legal - NDA - question - legal - NDA - can laws be amended so that NDA's are null and void whecan laws be amended so that NDA's are null and void when perpetrators use them to defend and hide their illegal activity?
IF THEY'VE SIGNED SOMETHING LIKE THAT, I UNFORTUNATELY HAVE TO SAY NEVER
for - progress trap - legal - NDA - question - legal - NDA - can laws be amended so that NDA's are null and void when perpetrators use them to defend and hide their illegal activity?
The candidate platform must support viewer-initiated verification of a badge.
What does this mean?
3.2 Service Consumer (Write) ConformanceA product that conforms to Service Consumer (Write) requirements can send an OpenBadgeCredential or a Profile to a product that conforms to Service Provider (Write) requirements. Note In the scope of the conformance test system, the test system acts as the Service Provider, so a [Candidate Platform] MUST send credentials and profiles from the given conformance test system. 3.2.1 Required Service Consumer (Write) Endpoint Support The service endpoints that MUST be supported for Service Consumer (Write) are listed in the table below: Service Call Endpoint HTTP Verb Mode AuthorizationRequired getServiceDescription /ims/ob/v3p0/discovery GET Initiate No OAuth 2.0 Registration from Service Discovery Document (SDD) GET Initiate No OAuth 2.0 Authorize from SDD GET Initiate No OAuth 2.0 Token from SDD POST Initiate No upsertCredential /ims/ob/v3p0/credentials POST Initiate Yes 3.2.2 Optional Service Consumer (Write) Endpoint Support The service endpoints that MAY be supported for Service Consumer (Write) are listed in the table below: Service Call Endpoint HTTP Verb Mode AuthorizationRequired putProfile /ims/ob/v3p0/profile PUT Initiate Yes 3.2.3 Tests Obtain an access token from the conformance test system using provided getServiceDescription endpoint and the following OAuth 2.0 authentication flow with the provided login credentials. Ensure that the right scopes are sent. Create a valid AchivementCredential and issue it to the recipient conformance@imsglobal.org. Call the conformance test endpoint upsertCredentials, with the AchivementCredential. Submit the result of the call to the conformance test system. (Optional) Create a new Profile for the id "https://1edtech.org/issuers/cert" and call the conformance test endpoint putProfile with the Profile. Submit the result of the call to the conformance test system.
Unclear why this is needed for 3.0
3.1.1 Supported Proof Mechanisms Open Badges Issuers opting for a Linked Data Proof format as the signature of the badge must use one of the following supported proof mechanisms: Data Integrity EdDSA Cryptosuites v1.0 suite with the eddsa-rdfc-2022 algorithm. Data Integrity ECDSA Cryptosuites v1.0 suite with the ecdsa-sd-2023 algorithm. The resulting credential MUST contain all required fields for the credential.
The spec does not mention specific proof mechanisms. The spec mentions JWT but that is not mentioned as being supported here.
“Why does editing content… still feel like writing code?”
“Why does changing a headline… need a dev ticket?”
stable
how to understand "stable"
thus batch normalization layers function differently in training mode (normalizing by minibatch statistics) than in prediction mode (normalizing by dataset statistics).
为什么对整个数据集求平均和标准差不可行，而对于单个layer却可行？
scaling issue
issue?
cannot
why?
.
I don't understand this para.