1,040 Matching Annotations
  1. Sep 2019
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    let-7 controls the transition to adulthood by releasing select transcriptional regulators from repression by LIN41
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/460352v1
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    Kinesin-8B controls basal body function and flagellum formation and is key to malaria parasite transmission
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/686568v2
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    Tumor-Intrinsic Response to IFNgamma Shapes the Tumor Microenvironment and Anti-PD-1 Response in NSCLC
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/531236v1
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    The WT1-BASP1 complex is required to maintain the differentiated state of taste receptor cells
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/460816v3
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    Molecular characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii telomeres and telomerase mutants
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519991v1
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    Hierarchical organization of the human cell from a cancer coessentiality network
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/328880v1
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    The chaperone-client network subordinates cell-cycle entry to growth and stress
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/485714v1
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    Maternal Circulating MicroRNAs Control the Placental Response to Alcohol
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/409854v3
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    Human CST suppresses origin licensing and promotes AND-1/Ctf4 chromatin association
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/561977v1
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    Human DNA polymerase delta is a pentameric complex with dimeric p12 subunit: Implications in enzyme architecture and PCNA interaction
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/525485v3
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    PISD is a mitochondrial disease gene causing skeletal dysplasia, cataracts and white matter changes
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/413070v1
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    The small and large ribosomal subunits depend on each other for stability and accumulation
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/384362v1
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    Main constraints for RNAi induced by expressed long dsRNA in mouse cells
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/485524v1
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    Rab1b and ARF5 are novel RNA-binding proteins involved in IRES-driven RNA localization
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363580v2
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    Direct binding of Cdt2 to PCNA is important for targeting the CRL4Cdt2 E3 ligase activity to Cdt1
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/468413v1
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    Mouse REC114 is essential for meiotic DNA double-strand break formation and forms a complex with MEI4
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/372052v1
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    An integrative machine learning approach for prediction of toxicity-related drug safety
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/455667v1
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    Phosphorylation of Arp2 is not essential for Arp2/3 complex activity in fission yeast
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/372706v1
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    Novel organelle anion channels formed by chromogranin B drive normal granule maturation in endocrine cells
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302828v1
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    Cumulative regulatory potential of clustered methyl-arginine protein modifications
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/289041v2
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    CHRAC/ACF Contribute to the Repressive Ground State of Chromatin
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/218768v1
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    Role of Cnot6l in maternal mRNA turnover
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362145v1
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    The repressive and alleviating nature of FACT shapes the transcriptional landscape in ES cells
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/251611v2
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    Dynamic m6A methylation facilitates mRNA triaging to stress granules
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357012v1
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    DHX15 regulates CMTR1-dependent gene expression and cell proliferation
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/113209v1
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    Co-existing feedback loops generate tissue-specific circadian rhythms
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/304451v1
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    Multi-region proteome analysis quantifies spatial heterogeneity of prostate tissue biomarkers
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/250167v1
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    The TRAPP complex mediates secretion arrest induced by stress granule assembly
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/528380v2
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    Actin filaments regulate microtubule growth at the centrosome.
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302190v1
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    Sphingolipid metabolic flow controls phosphoinositide turnover at thetrans Golgi network
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/090142v1
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    The β3-integrin endothelial adhesome regulates microtubule dependent cell migration
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/145839v1
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    Mapping In Vivo O-Glycoproteome Using Site-specific Extraction of O-linked glycopeptides (EXoO)
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/368282v1
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    Nuclear RNA export factor variant initiates piRNA-guided co-transcriptional silencing
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605725v1
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    A genetic system for generating single-sex progeny in mice
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/515064v2
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    Multiple C2 domains and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTPs) tether membranes at plasmodesmata
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423905v1
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    Functional systemic CD4 immunity is a differential factor for clinical responses to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy in lung cancer
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/508739v2
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    Disentangling bacterial invasiveness from lethality in an experimental host-pathogen system
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/361584v1
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    RASSF1A Is Required For The Maintenance Of Nuclear Actin Levels
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/559310v1
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    Drug-induced increase in lysobisphosphatidic acid reduces the cholesterol overload in Niemann-Pick type C cells and mice
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/416479v2
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    LRX- and FER-dependent extracellular sensing coordinates vacuolar size for cytosol homeostasis
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/231043v1
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    The nucleoporin ELYS regulates nuclear size by controlling NPC number and nuclear import capacity
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/510230v1
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    Absolute quantification of translational regulation and burden using combined sequencing approaches
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/338939v2
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    Mechanistic causes of constrained phenotypic variation revealed by synthetic gene regulatory networks
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/184325v2
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    The fitness cost and benefit of phase separated protein deposits
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/574657v2
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    Defining the RNA Interactome by Total RNA-Associated Protein Purification
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/436253v1
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    SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling controls Notch-responsive enhancer accessibility
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399501v1
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    Asymmetric Distribution of Glucose Transporter mRNA Provides Growth Advantage
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/380279v1
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    Structural basis of HEAT-kleisin interactions in the human condensin I subcomplex
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/435149v1
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    Genome-wide prediction of synthetic rescue mediators of resistance to targeted and immunotherapy
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284240v2
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    Evidence that the cell cycle is a series of uncoupled, memoryless phases
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/283614v1
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    The fungal root endophyte Serendipita indica modifies extracellular nucleotides to subvert plant immunity
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/396028v1
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    netDx: Patient classification using integrated patient similarity networks
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/084418v4
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    SSU72 phosphatase is a telomere replication terminator
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/382564v1
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    De novo Gene Signature Identification from Single-Cell RNA-Seq with Hierarchical Poisson Factorization
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/367003v1
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    Quantification and discovery of sequence determinants of protein per mRNA amount in 29 human tissues
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/353763v1
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    A deep proteome and transcriptome abundance atlas of 29 healthy human tissues
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357137v1
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    Length-independent telomere damage drives cardiomyocyte senescence
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/394809v1
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    Widespread inter-individual gene expression variability in Arabidopsis thaliana
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/335380v2
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    Complex-centric proteome profiling by SEC-SWATH-MS
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/323683v2
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    High-resolution mapping of cancer cell networks using co-functional interactions
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/369751v1
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    CDK phosphorylation of Xenopus laevis M18BP1 promotes its metaphase centromere localization
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/355487v1
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    Activated BAX/BAK enable mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation and mtDNA release during cell death
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/272104v1
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    Bimodal Spindle Orientation Drives Tissue Regularity in a Proliferating Epithelium
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/178517v3
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    Avidity-driven polarity establishment via multivalent lipid-GTPase module interactions
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303024v1
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    The key protein of endosomal mRNP transport binds translational landmark sites of cargo mRNAs
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/418079v2
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    S phase R-loop formation is restricted by PrimPol-mediated repriming
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318220v1
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    A common molecular logic determines embryonic stem cell self-renewal and reprogramming
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/200501v2
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    Functional Compensation Between Hematopoietic Stem Cells In Vivo
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/236398v1
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    Synthesis and degradation of FtsZ determines the first cell division in starved bacteria
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/314922v1
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    Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/300053v1
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    ESCRT-mediated lysosome repair precedes lysophagy and promotes cell survival
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/313866v1
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    Transcriptional control and exploitation of an immune-responsive family of retrotransposons in Arabidopsis
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/206813v3
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    Fibroblasts from metastatic sites induce broad-spectrum drug desensitization via modulation of mitochondrial priming
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/197376v1
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    TRIP6 inhibits the Hippo signaling pathway in response to tension at adherens junctions
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/182204v1
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    Whole chromosome loss in tetraploid cells confers tumorigenic potential in a mouse allograft model
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/172668v1
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    Non-canonical circadian oscillations in Drosophila S2 cells drive gene-expression cycles coupled to metabolic oscillations
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/191338v1
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    Bicoid gradient formation mechanism and dynamics revealed by protein lifetime analysis
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/280834v1
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    Ratiometric Distribution Of OCT4 During Stem Cell Division Controls The Balance Between Self-Renewal And Differentiation
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/137299v2
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    Multi-Omics factor analysis disentangles heterogeneity in blood cancer
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/217554v2
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    FAM35A co-operates with REV7 to coordinate DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice.
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/365460v1
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    Fibroblast state switching orchestrates dermal maturation and wound healing
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/236232v2
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    Genomics of cellular proliferation under periodic stress
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/129163v1
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    MODELING SIGNALING-DEPENDENT PLURIPOTENT CELL STATES WITH BOOLEAN LOGIC CAN PREDICT CELL FATE TRANSITIONS
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/115683v2
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    Genome-wide phenotypic analysis of growth, cell morphogenesis and cellcycle events in Escherichia coli.
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/101832v3
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    Structure of the archaellar motor and associated cytoplasmic cone in Thermococcus kodakaraensis
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/108209v1
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    A synthesis of over 9,000 mass spectrometry experiments reveals the core set of human protein complexes
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092361v1
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    A two-state photoconversion model predicts the spectral response dynamics of optogenetic systems
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/081430v1
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    Unraveling mitotic protein networks by 3D multiplexed epitope drug screening
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/231779v2
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    Mapping DNA damage-dependent genetic interactions in yeast via orgy mating and barcode fusion genetics
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/181750v2
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    Redesigning chromosomes to optimize conformation capture (Hi-C) assays
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/169847v2
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    The Trithorax group protein dMLL3/4 instructs the assembly of the zygotic genome at fertilization
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/242008v1
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    GTSF-1 is required for the formation of a functional RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase complex in C. elegans
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/271270v1
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    X10 Expansion Microscopy Enables 25 nm Resolution on Conventional Microscopes
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/172130v2
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    Lateral plasma membrane compartmentalization links protein function and turnover
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285510v1
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    Deciphering microbial interactions in synthetic human gut microbiome communities
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/228395v1
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    FAM35A associates with REV7 and modulates DNA damage responses of normal and BRCA1-defective cells
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/287375v1
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    Expression variation and covariation impair analog and enable binary signaling control
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244236v1
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    Timing of gene expression in a cell-fate decision system
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    Thermal proteome profiling of breast cancer cells reveals proteasomal activation by CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib
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    Structural centrosome aberrations promote non-cell-autonomous invasiveness
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    Photoperiodic control of the Arabidopsis proteome reveals a translational coincidence mechanism
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    A Map Of Genetic Interactions In Cancer Cells
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  104. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Structure of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic pre-40S ribosomal subunit
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    Antisense transcription-dependent chromatin signature modulates sense transcription and transcript dynamics
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    Small interfering RNAs based on huntingtin trinucleotide repeats are highly toxic to cancer cells
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  107. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Assigning Function To Natural Allelic Variation Via Dynamic Modeling Of Gene Network Induction
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    biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/140467v1
  108. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Expanding the Atlas of Functional Missense Variation for Human Genes
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  109. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    WDR11-mediated Hedgehog signalling defects underlie a new ciliopathy related to Kallmann syndrome
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    Resolving Drug Effects In Patient-Derived Cancer Cells Links Organoid Responses To Genome Alterations
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    The Landscape Of Human Mutually Exclusive Splicing
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  112. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    From word models to executable models of signaling networks using automated assembly
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    Aubergine And piRNAs Repress The Proto-Oncogene Cbl For Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal
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    An "invisible" ubiquitin conformation is required for efficient phosphorylation by PINK1
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    Initiation of DNA replication requires actin dynamics and formin activity
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  116. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Combinatorial Regulation Of The Balance Between Dynein Microtubule End Accumulation And Initiation Of Directed Motility
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    CRISPR/Cas9 screening using unique molecular identifiers
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    In Situ Genotyping Of A Pooled Strain Library After Characterizing Complex Phenotypes
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    A Theory That Predicts Behaviors Of Disordered Cytoskeletal Networks
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  120. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Cytosolic ribosomes on the surface of mitochondria
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    Remodeling of ER-exit sites initiates a membrane supply pathway forautophagosome biogenesis
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    High-throughput CRISPRi phenotyping in Streptococcus pneumoniae identifies new essential genes involved in cell wall synthesis and competence development
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    A living vector field reveals constraints on galactose network induction in yeast
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    An RNA-binding tropomyosin recruits kinesin-1 dynamically to oskar mRNPs
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  125. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Distinct Cellular States Determine Calcium Signaling Response
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  126. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Polarized Cortical Tension drives Zebrafish Epiboly Movements
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  127. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    An Atlas of Human Kinase Regulation
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  128. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    A population-based temporal logic gate for timing and recording chemical events
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  129. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Determinants of RNA metabolism in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome
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  130. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Differential dynamics of the mammalian mRNA and protein expression response to misfolding stress
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  131. www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
    Efficient Search, Mapping, and Optimization of Multi-protein Genetic Systems in Diverse Bacteria
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    Measuring error rates in genomic perturbation screens: gold standards for human functional genomics
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  133. blogs.ei.columbia.edu blogs.ei.columbia.edu
    How Synthetic Biology Can Help the Environment
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  134. www.forbes.com www.forbes.com
    Algal Biofuels Dead? 'Not So Fast', Says Algal Biofuel Researcher
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  135. blogs.ei.columbia.edu blogs.ei.columbia.edu
    Synthetic Biology: Creating New Forms of Life
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  136. Jul 2019
  137. medium.com medium.com
    The key lessons from “Where Good Ideas Come From” by Steven Johnson
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  138. www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
    Humans: The Hyperkeystone Species
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  139. www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
    The Disturbing Sound of a Human Voice
    1
    1. Yuxi_Liu 18 Jul 2019

      Fear of humans as apex predators has landscape-scale impactsfrom mount ain lions to mice (2019)

      Apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape-scale impacts across wild-life communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although this has yet to be experimentally demonstrated.

      Humans have supplanted large carnivores as apex predators in many systems, and similarly pervasive impacts may now result from fear of the human ‘superpredator’.

      We conducted a landscape-scale playback experiment demonstrating that the sound of humans speaking generates a landscape of fear with pervasive effects across wildlife communities.

      • Large carnivores avoided human voices and moved more cautiously when hearing humans,
      • medium-sized carnivores became more elusive and reduced foraging.
      • Small mammals evidently benefited, increasing habitat use and foraging.

      Thus, just the sound of a predator can have landscape-scale effects at multiple trophic levels.

      Our results indicate that many of the globally observed impacts on wildlife attributed to anthropogenic activity may be explained by fear of humans.

      ecology of fear ecology biology human anthropocene
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  140. Apr 2019
  141. evonomics.com evonomics.com
    How Ants Solve the Inequality Problem - Evonomics
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  142. Mar 2019
  143. www.jax.org www.jax.org
    Core Competencies in Genetics
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    jax.org/education-and-learning/clinical-and-continuing-education/ccep-non-cancer-resources/core-competencies-for-health-care-professionals
  144. Feb 2019
  145. dougengelbart.org dougengelbart.org
    Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework - 1962 (AUGMENT,3906,) - Doug Engelbart Institute
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  146. Jan 2019
  147. www.quora.com www.quora.com
    (1) How can I start learning about systems biology? - Quora
    1
    1. Maciej_Motyka 09 Jan 2019
      In my opinion if you can get enrolled into a degree program for systems biology then that would be best. However, if you are just exploring the field on your own I would recommend going through these resources.Video lectures by Uri AlonVideo Lectures by Jeff GorePrinciples of Synthetic Biology (at edx)Coursera specialization on systems biology.If you are looking for mathematical intensive start with first 2 and if you are looking for biologically intensive begin with last 2. Either way go through all 4 of them as they provide diverse perspective on systems biology which is very important. As you will move through these materials all the necessary supplementary information like books, papers and softwares will be informed within these materials itself.Hope this helps!
      bioinformatics online learning systems biology
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  148. Sep 2018
  149. www.mnemotext.com www.mnemotext.com
    The Technological Singularity
    1
    1. CaseyH123 07 Sep 2018
      performance curves beginning to level off – because of our inability to automate the design work needed to support further hardware improvements. Wed end up with some very powerful hardware, but without the ability to push it further

      Addressing the question of singularity, the author takes on an interesting perspective. One rationalization or opposing view is that technology is only as informational and intelligent as the creator itself. Just as the Mores conclude, "the computational competence of single neurons may be far higher than generally believed" and that "our present computer hardware might be [] 10 orders of magnitude short [compared to] our heads". This means that AI cannot surpass human intelligence as popularly believed. Rather, the article conjectures the possibility that if singularity were to occur, further innovation and improvements could never be made. I assume this is a biological and anatomical argument. Thus, implying that the technological constraints of AI cause it to be inferior to the biological makeup of the human brain. Thus, the author suggests that singularity can never really be fully realized.

      biology technology AI innovation creativity improvement
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  150. Apr 2018
  151. sites.google.com sites.google.com
    Butte Biology
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  152. Mar 2018
  153. www.theknifemedia.com www.theknifemedia.com
    The misrepresentation of James Damore | The Knife Media
    2
    1. Perig 31 Mar 2018
      Also, the existence of differences between men and women doesn’t necessarily mean they can’t be changed in the future, even some biological ones. How much of what we’ve inherited – biologically, psychologically or socially – is outdated and malleable?  

      Expand... posthumanism?

      biology of sex differences
    2. Perig 31 Mar 2018
      There are factors other than sexism or discrimination that could in part explain why Google does not have 50 percent female representation. There are differences between men and women on average, based on population level statistics. (He qualifies this by noting a number of these differences are small and there is significant overlap between the genders.) These differences may in part explain the gender gap in tech. Women and men may differ partly because of biological reasons.

      Summary of Damore's claims.

      James Damore gender biology of sex differences
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  154. www.iflscience.com www.iflscience.com
    Scientists Just Discovered A New Human Organ, And It Could Have Huge Implications For How We Treat Cancer
    1
    1. Perig 28 Mar 2018
      This could help explain where so much of our body’s fluid goes. While our cells contain most of the fluid, and the circulatory system carries a whole load more, over a third went unaccounted for and was simply said to be “interstitial”, or just floating around between organs and cells. The researchers claim, in a paper published in Scientific Advances, that the “interstitium” should be defined as an organ in its own right.

      The interstitium, a new organ, accounts for the body's "black matter" (unaccounted for fluids).

      interstitium discovery organ biology physiology lymph fluids water
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  155. Dec 2017
  156. www.nature.com www.nature.com
    Statistical and integrative system-level analysis of DNA methylation data
    1
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  157. Apr 2017
  158. static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
    lynch_and_rivers_do_you_believe_in_rhetoric_and_composition.pdf
    1
    1. gilmanhernandez 26 Apr 2017
      perfectly fit for a blind, myopic, workaholic, trail-sniffing, and collective traveler"

      Plus, while we think of ants as a hierarchical species (Queens>Drones>Workers, etc.), Queens really only exist to pump out eggs and don't give any oversight or leadership. The entire colony functions as a complex society without anything resembling discrete, individual deciders.

      #Biology #Entomology
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  159. oup.silverchair-cdn.com oup.silverchair-cdn.com
    OP-SYNB160002 1..13
    1
    1. heatherstaines 19 Apr 2017
      approaches have proven invaluable for understanding metabo-lism and improving metabolite production (Wiechert 2002;Patilet al. 2004), metabolic engineering ‘design principles’ are yet tobe fully elucidated due to our incomplete knowledge of livingsystems. Subsequently, it can take many iterations of the classi-cal design-build-test cycle to achieve engineering objectives,some of which may even be impossible to meet using availablebiological knowledge.An elegant way to overcome the challenges associated withengineering in biology is to apply a selective pressure to a genet-ically diverse population so that cells with the desired pheno-type can be isolated.

      This is key!

      synthetic biology
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    oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/synbio/2/1/10.1093_synbio_ysw002/5/ysw002.pdf
  160. Feb 2017
  161. static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
    campbell_from_the_philosophy_of_rhetoric.pdf
    2
    1. gilmanhernandez 08 Feb 2017
      This conclusion is not founded on this single instance, but on this instance compared with a general experience of the regularity of this clement in all its operations.

      I am thinking here of Darwin's Moth, a species of moth Charles Darwin concluded must exist, from the shape of a certain orchid, 40 years before the moth itself was discovered. It is not the induction from orchid->moth, but dozens of moth-orchid interactions that lets you fill in the probable details.

      e. Actually, I think this is better an example of analogy, now that I think about it.

      e2. Moth-Orchid Dynamics would be a good name for a rock band

      #Darwin #Biology #Induction
    2. gilmanhernandez 08 Feb 2017
      But should I from the same experiment infer the circulation of the sap in vegetables, this would be called an argument only from analogy.

      Georges Canguilhem actually has a lot to say about how much of the history of physiology works under different mechanical analogies, thinking of the heart as a pump and the arm as a lever, but he cautions this, arguing that Science and Technique are two distinct things that borrow and influence each other, but are not extensions of one from the other. Still, the analogy logic of how we understand the long-standing human body in terms of the thing we just invented seems relevant here.

      #Biology
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  162. Dec 2016
  163. news.nationalgeographic.com news.nationalgeographic.com
    First Dinosaur Tail Found Preserved in Amber
    1
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    news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/12/feathered-dinosaur-tail-amber-theropod-myanmar-burma-cretaceous/
  164. Dec 2015
  165. biorxiv.org biorxiv.org
    The genome of the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini
    1
    1. daveh70 02 Dec 2015
      We compare our assembly to a recently published one for the same species and do not find support for massive horizontal gene transfer. Additional analyses of the genome are ongoing.

      They are contradicting another study that claimed that a certain species of tardigrade had about 17.5 percent of its DNA borrowed from other organisms through horizontal gene transfer. http://www.sciencealert.com/the-tardigrade-genome-has-been-sequenced-and-it-has-the-most-foreign-dna-of-any-animal

      biology evolution
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  166. Nov 2015
  167. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Week 6 Summary | Review Section: Weeks 6 to 9 | GG101x Courseware | edX
    4
    4. bbarker 29 Nov 2015
      They have helped people reduce chronic pain, improve psoriasis, and increase their immune response to the flu shot. One study of mindfulness/compassion meditation out of Emory University showed reductions in stress markers, and even a simple long exhale (ahhhh) increases vagal tone. And – last but not least – a three-month meditation training program boosted telomerase activity, indicating longer telemores and perhaps a longer life expectancy.
      happiness mindfulness meditation health biology
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    courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:BerkeleyX+GG101x+3T2015/courseware/ad36f687c6e64638b08efb624ccccfb4/950c7f30e0274c4990361bfa6852f657/
  168. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Intro to Video: Play and the Pursuit of Happiness | Laughter, Play, and Narrative | GG101x Courseware | edX
    11
    1. bbarker 29 Nov 2015
      In one version of this experiment, if we gave participants synthetic oxytocin (in the nose, that will reach the brain in an hour), they donated to 57 percent more of the featured charities and donated 56 percent more money than participants given a placebo. Those who received oxytocin also reported more emotional transportation into the world depicted in the ad. Most importantly, these people said they were less likely to engage in the dangerous behaviors shown in the ads. So, go see a movie and laugh and cry. It’s good for your brain, and just might motivate you to make positive changes in your life and in others’ lives as well.
      happiness biology social empathy kindness charity story
    2. bbarker 29 Nov 2015
      When people watch Ben’s story in the lab—and they both maintain attention to the story and release oxytocin—nearly all of these individuals donate a portion of their earnings from the experiment. They do this even though they don’t have to. This is surprising since this payment is to compensate them for an hour of their time and two needle sticks in their arms to obtain blood from which we measure chemical changes that come from their brains. 

      (Ben's story is a very sad story)

      happiness history biology charity kindness empathy
    4. bbarker 23 Nov 2015
      As rats age, their chirping generally becomes less frequent. (A similar phenomenon seems to occur in humans: Research done by William Fry, a professor emeritus at Stanford University School of Medicine, has found that kindergarteners laugh 300 times a day, whereas adults laugh just 17 times.) However, rats who were tickled often when young usually retain their tendency to chirp later in life.
      happiness laughter biology ageing
    5. bbarker 23 Nov 2015
      It is precisely this more childlike, instinctive form of laughter that scientists believe they have uncovered in rats. Panksepp, the Baily Endowed Chair of Animal Well-Being Science at Washington State University, has found that rats emit their high-pitched chirps when tickled, especially in areas, such as the nape of the neck, that are targeted by fellow rats during playful bouts. They make the same sounds when playing or anticipating playtime with one another, as well as when anticipating a reward. Other research has found that this chirping is common when rats enter new environments or encounter new animals; Panksepp likens this to nervous laughter in humans.
      happiness laughter biology
    6. bbarker 23 Nov 2015
      scientists have probed the brain circuits involved in human laughter, but this research has faced a number of limitations. For one, though researchers have used sophisticated equipment to observe people’s brain activity while they read cartoons or jokes, this equipment is quite sensitive to movement—a major drawback when you’re trying to induce a hearty belly laugh.

      Why rats, which do have a form of ultrasonic laughter, have been used in laughter research.

      happiness laughter biology
    7. bbarker 22 Nov 2015
      Experiments on humans have found that laughter can increase blood flow and strengthen the heart, much like aerobic exercise does. Laughter also helps decrease one’s threshold for pain, although not all humor is the same in this respect. According to Weems, positive humor—humor that looks for the bright side of troubling situations—is beneficial to our health, while darker, sardonic humor is not.
      happiness laughter health biology
    8. bbarker 22 Nov 2015
      Take for example an old Groucho Marx joke: “One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got in my pajamas, I don’t know.” Our brains will read the first sentence and be taken down a path imagining Grouch Marx on a safari in his pajamas, before we get the new image of the elephant actually inside his pajamas. That process of moving from one possible solution to the next involves a part of the brain called the anterior cingulate, or AC, which becomes more active when there are conflicting interpretations in the brain. The AC helps to quiet down the “louder” parts of the brain (associated with the expected response) to allow other quieter answers to emerge, and it’s particularly active during jokes. It helps us to figure out the novel solution, which, when resolved, gets incorporated into the brain and gives us that spike of dopamine. This is why we feel so good when we get a joke, and why jokes are not funny the second time around.
      happiness laughter biology
    9. bbarker 22 Nov 2015
      he grouped humor preferences into three types: “incongruity-resolution,” which involves “violating one’s expectations in novel ways;” “nonsense humor,” “which is funny only because it makes no sense;” and “sexual humor,” which is offensive or taboo. Although not everyone finds the same type of humor funny, the common thread in these joke types is that they all involve dealing with surprise and resolving the ensuing cognitive dissonance. “What elicits laughter isn’t the content of the joke but the way our brain works through the conflict the joke elicits,” writes Weems. Basic Books, 2014, 230 pages

      Apparently fMRI was used in this work, though it isn't immediately clear how.

      happiness laughter biology
    10. bbarker 22 Nov 2015
      Weems explains what humor is, how things become funny, and why evolution gave us laughter. According to Weems, laughter and humor help us process conflict in our environment through the dopamine that is released in our brains when we find something funny. Dopamine relieves tension—which I discovered with my son—but it’s also implicated in motivation, memory, and attention, affecting processes as varied as learning and pain management.
      happiness laughter biology evolution
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  169. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Intro to Video: Introduction to Week 9 | The Cutting Edge: Awe, Wonder, and Beauty | GG101x Courseware | edX
    4
    1. bbarker 15 Nov 2015
      In answer to why awe would be a potent predictor of reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, this latest study posits that “awe is associated with curiosity and a desire to explore, suggesting antithetical behavioral responses to those found during inflammation, where individuals typically withdraw from others in their environment,” Stellar said.
      happiness awe health biology
    2. bbarker 15 Nov 2015
      In addition to autoimmune diseases, elevated cytokines have been tied to depression. One recent study found that depressed patients had higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine known as TNF-alpha than their non-depressed counterparts. It is believed that by signaling the brain to produce inflammatory molecules, cytokines can block key hormones and neurotransmitters—such as serotonin and dopamine—that control moods, appetite, sleep and memory.
      happiness awe health biology
    4. bbarker 14 Nov 2015
      E.O. Wilson’s writing about biophilia.And it’s really this very rich hypothesis that we have this evolved love about naturalbeauty. So if you’re out in the woods, you’re in the mountains, you’re watching patternsof light on the ocean, it triggers this feeling in us, this feeling of beautiful delight ifyou will. And E.O. Wilson makes the case that that is an evolved preference because whenwe attach to beautiful things in nature, we’re finding kind of resource-richenvironments that have food and water and shelter as a way to orient towards thelandscape.
      happiness awe evolution biology
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  170. Oct 2015
  171. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Intro to Video: Training the Mind for Happiness | Mental Habits of Happiness | GG101x Courseware | edX
    3
    2. bbarker 20 Oct 2015
      more activation in the left prefrontal cortex is associated with more positive emotions. So as there is greater activation in the left, front portion of your brain relative to the right, there is also greater well-being. That’s probably in large part because the left prefrontal cortex is a major part of the brain for controlling negative emotion. So if you put the breaks on the negative, you get more of the positive. On the other hand, people who routinely experience chronic stress—particularly acute, even traumatic stress—release the hormone cortisol, which literally eats away, almost like an acid bath, at the hippocampus, which is a part of the brain that’s very engaged in visual-spatial memory as well as memory for context and setting. For example, adults who have had that history of stress and have lost up to 25 percent of the volume of this critically important part of the brain are less able to form new memories.
      happiness biology contemplative neuroscience
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  172. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Reading: Mindfulness at Work | Real-World Applications of Mindfulness | GG101x Courseware | edX
    1
    1. bbarker 19 Oct 2015
      Mindfulness interrupts the conditioned responses that prevent us from exploring new avenues of thought, choking our creative potential. Each time we stand up against a habit—whether it’s checking our smartphone during a conversation or reacting defensively to a coworker’s passing remark— we weaken the grip of our conditioning. We lay down new tracks in the brain  and fashion new synaptic connections.
      happiness mindfulness biology
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  173. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Reading: A Little Meditation Goes a Long Way | Benefits of Mindfulness for Mind, Brain, and Body | GG101x Courseware | edX
    6
    1. bbarker 18 Oct 2015
      Participants for the gene study came into the lab and meditated for eight hours. Blood samples were taken before and after those hours of practice and then Davidson and crew looked for gene-expression changes over the course of that time in the lab. Results from this meditator group were compared to a control group that was not familiar with meditation and that came into the laboratory for “a day of leisure.” That group watched quiet videos, read, and took gentle walks. The findings? The control-group participants didn’t show the same kind of gene-expression changes, Davidson says. It’s the first study that shows “we can actually see gene-expression changes within a very short period of time.”
      happiness meditation biology
    2. bbarker 18 Oct 2015
      “One of the important foci in our research is looking at inflammation, which has been implicated in many chronic illnesses,” Davidson says. “And there’s now increasing evidence to suggest that at a very basic biological level, certain kinds of meditation practices seem to modulate inflammatory systems. They down-regulate particular molecules—we call these proinflammatory cytokines—which are directly implicated in inflammation.”
      happiness meditation biology health
    3. bbarker 18 Oct 2015
      also did a briefmeditation intervention and in their subjects they were able to show that themeditation program resulted ina greater activation in reward circuitryso more contentment and pleasure and in this caseanticipatory pleasure because they were showing this activationin response to opportunities, to help opportunitiesto be of assistance.
      happiness mindfulness meditation biology
    4. bbarker 18 Oct 2015
      basically what they've been able to showis that certain regions of the brain seem to getmore densely interconnected and more responsiveafter meditation and those ones seem to be areas of the brain that areinvolved inwhat we call interoceptive awareness, which is also the same area that’s implicated in empathy so so we get stronger at responses in our in our insula in response to information from the outside world after having participated in a meditation programathis should make us more empathetic, and thisindeed that’s what we observed.
      happiness mindfulness biology
    6. bbarker 18 Oct 2015
      And what they found was that the individuals who participated in the meditation programhad longer telomeres than the individuals who were in the control group after a three-monthexperience. This was first finding in that vein. Elissa Epel and her colleague did anotherresearch project where they looked at a mindfulness-based program for people with eating disorders andshowed that people who did the mindfulness had a 39% increase in telomerase activitywhich corresponds to lengthened telomeres and that this telomerase activity actuallypredicted benefits in other aspects of their treatment program having to do with the people’seating habits. So there’s this interesting effect that is being reiterated that mindfulnessactually seems to make people age more gracefully.
      happiness mindfulness meditation biology health stress aging
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  174. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Intro to Check In | Mindful Awareness & Happiness | GG101x Courseware | edX
    7
    1. bbarker 14 Oct 2015
      during periods of mind-wandering, regions of the brain’s default mode network were activated. Then when participants became aware of this mind-wandering, brain regions related to the detection of salient or relevant events came online. After that, areas of the executive brain network took over, re-directing and maintaining attention on the chosen object. And all of this occurred within 12 seconds around those button presses.

      Link

      I'd be interested to see how sleep deprivation relates to this; I find my mind wanders easily when I haven't had enough sleep. Yet another reason to get more sleep to be happy and healthy.

      happiness biology mindfulness contemplative neuroscience health
    6. bbarker 14 Oct 2015
      a wandering mind isn’t all bad. Not only can we leverage it to build focus using FA meditation, but the capacity to project our mental stream out of the present and imagine scenarios that aren’t actually happening is hugely evolutionarily valuable, which may explain why it’s so prominent in our mental lives. These processes allow for creativity, planning, imagination, memory—capacities that are central not only to our survival, but also to the very essence of being human. The key, I believe, is learning to become aware of these mental tendencies and to use them purposefully, rather than letting them take over. Meditation can help with that.
      happiness mindfulness evolution biology
    7. bbarker 14 Oct 2015
      the Killingsworth and Gilbert study I mentioned earlier found that when people’s minds were wandering, they tended to be less happy, presumably because our thoughts often tend towards negative rumination or stress. That’s why mindfulness meditation has become an increasingly important treatment of mental health difficulties like depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and even sexual dysfunction.
      happiness mindfulness health biology
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  175. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Intro to Video: The Science of Trust | Building Trust | GG101x Courseware | edX
    3
    1. bbarker 05 Oct 2015
      To some people, these findings about oxytocin might raise another concern: that trust is not subject to rational control—that it’s “all hormones.” This seems to stand in stark contrast to the traditional idea of trust being the outcome of a cognitive, rational process. In my view, trust is both, just like other human social behaviors. We cannot deny that many of our decisions are governed by cognitive processes; in the case of trust, these processes take into account the available information about the trustee’s motivation, the likelihood of a repeated interaction, and so on.
      happiness trust biology
    2. bbarker 05 Oct 2015
      Interestingly, the investors’ expectations about the back-transfer from the trustee did not differ between the oxytocin and placebo recipients. Oxytocin increased the participants’ willingness to trust others, but it did not make them more optimistic about another person’s trustworthiness.

      The Trust Game; however, there was no difference in groups when the trustee was a computer, showing oxytocin affects social connections but not risk-behavior itself.

      happiness trust biology social games game theory
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  176. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Intro to Video: What Forgiveness Means | The Science of Forgiveness | GG101x Courseware | edX
    3
    1. bbarker 05 Oct 2015
      British researchers Peter Woodruff and Tom Farrow are doing some of this important work. Their research suggests that the areas in the brain associated with forgiveness are often deep in the emotional centers, in the region known as the limbic system, rather than in the areas of the cortex usually associated with reasoned judgments. In one study, they asked people to judge the fairness of a transgression and then consider whether to forgive it or empathize with the transgressor. Ten individuals evaluated several social scenarios while the researchers recorded images of their brain activity. Whether people empathized or forgave, similar areas in the emotion centers of the brain lit up. When those same people thought about the fairness of the same transgression, though, the emotion centers stopped being as active. This could be a clue for interventionists. To help people forgive, help them steer clear of dwelling on how fair a transgression was or how just a solution might be. Instead, get people to see things from the other person’s perspective.
      happiness empathy biology forgiveness
    2. bbarker 05 Oct 2015
      Hostility also has been found to be the part of type A behavior that seems to have the most pernicious health effects, such as a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. Forsaking a grudge may also free a person from hostility and all its unhealthy consequences. It probably isn’t just hostility and stress that link unforgiveness and poor health. According to a review of the literature on forgiveness and health that my colleague Michael Scherer and I published, unforgiveness might compromise the immune system at many levels. For instance, our review suggests that unforgiveness might throw off the production of important hormones and even disrupt the way our cells fight off infections, bacteria, and other physical insults, such as mild periodontal disease.

      Type A should take magnesium.

      happiness forgiveness stress health biology magnesium
    3. bbarker 05 Oct 2015
      To ruminate on an old transgression is to practice unforgiveness. Sure enough, in Witvliet’s research, when people recalled a grudge, their physical arousal soared. Their blood pressure and heart rate increased, and they sweated more. Ruminating about their grudges was stressful, and subjects found the rumination unpleasant. It made them feel angry, sad, anxious, and less in control. Witvliet also asked her subjects to try to empathize with their offenders or imagine forgiving them. When they practiced forgiveness, their physical arousal coasted downward. They showed no more of a stress reaction than normal wakefulness produces.
      happiness revenge forgiveness biology stress health
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  177. Sep 2015
  178. courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
    Intro to Video: Introduction to Apology | Peacemaking & Reconciliation | GG101x Courseware | edX
    4
    1. bbarker 30 Sep 2015
      The first half of the twentieth century was drenched in the blood spilled by German and Japanese aggression, yet only a few decades later it is hard to think of two countries more pacific. Sweden spent the 17th century rampaging through Europe, yet it is now an icon of nurturing tranquility. Humans have invented the small nomadic band and the continental megastate, and have demonstrated a flexibility whereby uprooted descendants of the former can function effectively in the latter. We lack the type of physiology or anatomy that in other mammals determine their mating system, and have come up with societies based on monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry. And we have fashioned some religions in which violent acts are the entrée to paradise and other religions in which the same acts consign one to hell. Is a world of peacefully coexisting human Forest Troops possible? Anyone who says, “No, it is beyond our nature,” knows too little about primates, including ourselves.
      happiness behavior social cooperation biology
    2. bbarker 30 Sep 2015
      Is it possible to achieve the cooperative advantages of a small group without having the group reflexively view outsiders as the Other? One often encounters pessimism in response to this question, based on the notion that humans, as primates, are hard-wired for xenophobia. Some brain-imaging studies have appeared to support this view in a particularly discouraging way. There is a structure deep inside the brain called the amygdala, which plays a key role in fear and aggression, and experiments have shown that when subjects are presented with a face of someone from a different race, the amygdala gets metabolically active—aroused, alert, ready for action. This happens even when the face is presented subliminally, which is to say, so rapidly that the subject does not consciously see it. More recent studies, however, should mitigate this pessimism. Test a person who has a lot of experience with people of different races, and the amygdala does not activate.
      happiness cooperation prejudice biology
    3. bbarker 30 Sep 2015
      Working with captive primates, de Waal and Johanowicz created a mixed-sex social group of juvenile macaques, combining rhesus and stump tails together. Remarkably, instead of the rhesus macaques bullying the stump tails, over the course of a few months the rhesus males adopted the stump tails’ social style, eventually even matching the stump tails’ high rates of reconciliatory behavior. It so happens, moreover, that stump tails and rhesus macaques use different gestures when reconciling. The rhesus macaques in the study did not start using the stump tails’ reconciliatory gestures, but rather increased the incidence of their own species-typical gestures. In other words, they were not merely imitating the stump tails’ behavior; they were incorporating the concept of frequent reconciliation into their own social practices. Finally, when the newly warm-and-fuzzy rhesus macaques were returned to a larger, all-rhesus group, their new behavioral style persisted.

      An amazing way of looking at this is persistence of social qualities, regardless of the biological vector involved. On the other hand, such social qualities do not appear to be viral by any means: "This is nothing short of extraordinary. But it brings up one further question: When those rhesus macaques were transferred back into the all-rhesus world, did they spread their insights and behaviors to the others? Alas, they did not—at least not within the relatively short time they were studied. For that, we need to move on to a final case."

      happiness conflict compassion biology evolution
    4. bbarker 30 Sep 2015
      Kummer conducted a simple experiment, trapping an adult female savanna baboon and releasing her into a hamadryas troop and trapping an adult female hamadryas and releasing her into a savanna troop. The females who were dropped in among a different species initially carried out their species-typical behavior, a major faux pas in the new neighborhood. But gradually, they absorbed the new rules. How long did this learning take? About an hour. In other words, millennia of genetic differences separating the two species, a lifetime of experience with a crucial social rule for each female—and a miniscule amount of time to reverse course completely.
      happiness conflict compassion biology evolution
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