92 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2024
    1. Die globale Erhitzung trifft die Bevölkerung in der Nähe des Titicacasees vor allem aufgrund der Verlandung des Sees. Übernutzung des Wassers in den Zuflüssen der Umgebung wirkt dabei verstärkend. Fiscchfang und Formen der traditionellen Landwirtschaft wie der Kartoffelanbau funktionieren zunehmend weniger, so dass z.B. auf Milchwirtschaft mit Zufütterung von Soja umgestiegen wird. Reportage zu den komplexen ökologisch-sozialen Veränderungen. https://taz.de/Klimawandel-in-Lateinamerika/!5989226/

  2. Jan 2024
  3. Dec 2023
    1. Wegen anhaltendem Wassermangel können im Augenblick nur hab so viele Schiffe den Panama durchqueren wie normalerweise Punkt für die Schleusen des Kanals werden große Mengen Süßwasser benötigt. Die niederschlagsmuster verändern sich deutlich. Es ist aber noch nicht abzusehen, wie die zukünftige Entwicklung aussehen wird. Ein Beispiel für das unkartierte Gelände, in das die globale Erhitzung geführt hat. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/22/changing-climate-casts-a-shadow-over-the-future-of-the-panama-canal-and-global-trade

  4. Oct 2023
  5. Aug 2023
  6. Apr 2023
  7. Feb 2022
    1. neuer Typ von Datenplattform für die Speicherung, Integrationund Analyse aller Arten von (Roh-)daten etabliert

      Data Lake als ein neuer Typ von Datenplattform

    2. Data-Lake-Management-Plattformen stellen Werkzeugen-Suiten dar, die auf der Basiseines Datenkatalogs weitere Funktionalitäten für das Datenmanagement im Data Lakeintegrieren. Typischerweise geht es um ergänzende Funktionalitäten für ETL, Self-Service-Data-Preparation und Datenföderation (engl. data federation), die eng mit dem Datenkatalogintegriert sind.

      Data-Lake-Management-Plattformen

    3. Den Kern für das Metadatenmanagement im Data Lake bilden originäre Data-Lake-Metadaten sowie Ergebnis-Metadaten

      Kern für das Metadatenmanagement im Data Lake

    4. Originäre Data-Lake-Metadaten sind Metadaten über die im Data Lake gespeichertenDaten, z.B. Daten in relationalen Datenbanken und Message-Queues des DataLake.

      Originäre Data-Lake-Metadaten

    5. Mit dem zunehmenden Einsatz von Data Lakes ergeben sich in der industriellen Praxiserweiterte Anforderungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Sicherstellung von Transparenz,Qualität und Compliance der Daten im Data Lake sowie der Unterstützung von Self-Service-Szenarien für Fachanwender. Diese Anforderungen machen Metadatenmanagement3imData Lake zum kritischen Erfolgsfaktor [QHV16, HGQ16]. Es soll damit verhindert werden,dass aus dem Data Lake ein Datensumpf (engl. data swamp) [HGQ16] entsteht, also eineDatenplattform mit nicht mehr sinnvoll nutzbaren Daten.

      Metadatenmanagement für Data Lakes

  8. Sep 2021
    1. The tunnel far below represented Nevada’s latest salvo in a simmering water war: the construction of a $1.4 billion drainage hole to ensure that if the lake ever ran dry, Las Vegas could get the very last drop

      Deep Concept: Modern America is mostly corrupt from it's own creation of wealth. Wealth is power, power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely! Money and wealth have completely changed the underlying foundation of America. Modern America is the corrupted result of wealth. Morality and ethics in modern American have been reshaped to "fit" European Aristocracy, ironically the same European aristocracy America fled in the Revolutionary War.

      Billions and billions of tax payer money is spent on projects that could never pass rigorous examination and best public ROI use. Political authoritative conditions rule public tax money for the benefit of a few at the expense of the many. The public "cult-like" sheep have no clue how they are being abused.

      The authoritative abusers (politicians) follow the "mostly" corrupt American (fuck-you) form of government and individual power tactics that have been conveniently embedded in corrupt modern morality and ethics, used by corrupted lawyers and judges to codify the fundamental moral code that underpins the original American Constitution.

    2. The Uncomfortable Truth is the Difficult and Unpopular Decisions are Now Unavoidable.

      Topic is relevant across a span of global issues. Natural resources are Finite.....period! Timely decisions are critical to insure intelligent use of resources. DENIAL is the enemy and 800lb gorilla in the room. Neoliberisim and social dysfunction feed on any cognitive dissonance and poop it out as "crap". True believers of American Capitalism (yes there is a difference) have become "cult-like" and drink the fluid of the cult to the very end, human consequence is of no concern.

      Point being: Reality is always elusive within a cult controlled (authoritative) mindset. Cult members are weak sheep, incapable of individual logic/reason. Authority can not be challenged. -- Denial, a human defense mechanism has been and is the common denominator in all personal and global conflict. Denial can be traced throughout modern history and rears its ugly head whenever the stakes are high.

  9. Apr 2021
    1. New research shows that lake "stratification periods" – a seasonal separation of water into layers – will last longer in a warmer climate. These longer periods of stratification could have "far-reaching implications" for lake ecosystems, the paper says, and can drive toxic algal blooms, fish die-offs and increased methane emissions.

      Eine neue Studie ergibt, dass die globale Erhitzung die Ökosysteme von Seen weltweit schädigt. Die Periode, in der sich das Wasser in Schichten teilt, dauert länger. Dramatische Veränderungen mit Schäden für die Biodiversität lassen sich z.B. in den großen amerikanischen Seen beobachten. Kurzbericht: Climate Change Could Cause ‘Irreversible Impacts’ to Lakes - EcoWatch, Details: Climate change could cause ‘irreversible impacts’ to lake ecosystems | Carbon Brief, Studie: Phenological shifts in lake stratification under climate change | Nature Communications

  10. Dec 2020
    1. Cleophas Pesant is the son of Thadee Pesant also known as the blacksmith, was already in light-coloured summer garments, and sported an American coat with broad padded shoulders. Beside him Egide Simard, and others who had come a long road by sleigh, fastened their long fur coats as they left the church, drawing them in at the waist with scarlet sashes. The young folk of the village, very smart in coats with otter collars, gave deferential greeting to old Nazaire Larouche; a tall man with gray hair and huge bony shoulders who had in no wise altered for the mass his everyday garb: short jacket of brown cloth lined with sheepskin, patched trousers, and thick woollen socks under moose-hide moccasins. Cleophas Pesant waited for Louisa Tremblay who was alone, and they went off together along the wooden sidewalk in the direction of the house. Samuel Chapdelaine and Maria had gone but a little way when a young man halted them. Samuel Chapdelaine and Maria were to dine with their relative Azalma Larouche. There was nothing to look at; in the settlements new houses and barns might go up from year to year, or be deserted and tumble into ruin; but the life of the woods is so unhurried that one must needs have more than the patience of a human being to await and mark its advance. Telesphore busied himself with the dog-harness and made believe not to hear.

  11. Oct 2020
  12. Dec 2019
    1. I have visited the lakes of Lucerne and Uri

      Lake Lucerne is a lake in central Switzerland and the fourth largest in the country. Lake Uri, also in Switzerland, is known for its reflective blue waters.

    2. we passed the river Drance

      The river Drance empties into Lake Geneva between Thonon-les-Bains and Évian-les-Bains.

  13. Oct 2019
  14. s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com
    1. heAm.FurCoareabouttoreestablishatradinghouseatL.LakeinchargeofMrWmDavenport,formerlyincharg

      AFC is about to open trade port at Leech Lake

    2. twastheopinionoftheBrethren,lastspring,thatLeechLakewasamorehopefulfieldthanthisplace&thatideahasbeforethemthatitmightbeexpedienttodiscontinuethis,&reoccupythatsta—tion.B

      Leech Lake is more hopeful than Fond du Lac

    3. Iwillonlyadd,thatinleavingL.LakeIleftmygarden&houseinthecareoftheC

      Boutwell left things in the charge of the Chief at Leech Lake

    4. WithregardtoL.Lakeweallwereoftheopinion,thatitismoreimportantinanultimatepointofview,thanFondduLa

      Why Leech Lake is better to occupy than Fond du Lac

    5. WewereunanimousinourviewswithregardtoreoccupyingLeechLake&inabandoningFondduLacincasetheBoardcannotsustainboth.Todowhichrequirestwo

      Boutwell, Ayer, and Ely are all in agreement that if finances are bad, they should reoccupy Leech Lake and abandon Fond du Lac

    6. earenotabandoningLeechLakeforgood,buthopetoresumeitagain.WeareunderthenecessityofleavirgoneofourstationsforthepresentormaintainthematthedisadvantageofmyremainingaloneatL[eech]Lake&MrElyatFduLac

      Boutwell tells Sibley that Leech Lake isn't abandoned long term

    7. owever,ifhecancomewithoutexpensetotheBoard,canbekeptunderyoureye,andcangobackwithoutbeingheldupmuchforashow,Ithinkweshallnotobjecttohis

      But as long as the Chief of Leech Lake is Boutwell's problem, Greene is fine with him traveling with him

    8. MrBoutwellwritesmefromFondduLac,thathehasdeterminedtoleavehisfamilytherewhilehegoeshimselftoLeechLaketoseetheIndiansthere,andtakecareofthepropertyhehasthere,andthenwillreturntoFduLtospendthewinter

      Boutwell is going to leave his family at Fond du Lac while he travels to Leech Lake

    9. snotcarrieaintoeffect-onthecontrarytheclerksaresentbacktoallthepostssaveone-RedCedarLakewherehissonwaskill

      Aitkins didn't remove the AFC, just the one post near Red Cedar Lake

    10. mbarkedwithMr.Aitkinf1:SandyLake,toaccompanyhimtoSaintPeter'stoattendtheTreaty.LeftmydearfamilyatFondduLacwithBr

      Boutwell and Aitkin travel to Sandy Lake for a treaty

    11. WilliamTBoutwellPapers,MNHS.1Box.P2528M

      Boutwell departs for Sandy Lake with his whole family and a 2 week old baby

    12. tomothatyouhadbetterremovetooneofthosestationsandtakeupyourabo

      Greene lists reasons why Boutwell should relocate

    13. ftheIndianscontinuetoharasshimasmuchastheyhavedoneatLeechLake,itseemstomebestthatheshould,thecomingfall,joinyouandmakehishometherefortheprese

      Greene suggests sending Boutwell to Ayer because the Natives are harassing him at Leech Lake

    14. heAmer.FurCo.haveitincontemplationtoabandontheirtradingpostsinthosequarters.Iftheydo,itissomewhatdoub[t]fulwhetheritwillbesafeforamissionfamilytoattempttoresideatL[eech]Lakeatpresent.TheIndianswillbesomewhatexasperatedifthetradersWithdraw.Bythelatestintelligencefromthatquarter,welearntthattheexcitementhassomewhatsubside

      Hall also informs Greene about the situation at Red Cedar Lake (Boutwell said it was Sandy Lake?) but says that it seems to have calmed down

    15. isdeterminedtowithdrawallthepostswestofSLak

      Aitkins wants to withdraw all posts west of Sandy Lake, which greatly worries Boutwell

    1. IeXpecttohavenodifficultyingettingthroughwith8CanoestoRedLak

      Ayer is heading back to Red Lake

    2. WeallfeelthatbothLeechLakeandRedLakegg§§_beoccupiedimmodalate

      all the current missionaries want Leech Lake and Red Lake occupied immediately

    3. tRedLakeandLeechLake,asitseemstousaretwoveryinvit-ingfieldsoflabour.

      Red Lake and Leech Lake are promising for missions

    4. hilenreA.etaid.a£ln£d.bake.heheldmeetingsseveraltimes.with.the‘indianeghfwhichtimeehepreachedtoaaeheidereblenumberofattentiveligfenene.~IheIndianatherewerewillingtoallowmisaaionarieeasmuehlandaseeuldbenecesearyfez~thehto

      Red Lake Band was receptive to the mission and the gospel

    5. henumberofIndiansbelongingtothebandisaboutonehundredhuntingmen,andfrom500to600womenandchild

      Red Lake Ojibwe Band: 100 men, 500-600 womyn and children

    6. heyvisitedLeechLakeandRedLakeandotherplacesontheway,toascertainwhataretheprospectsinthatregionformissionaryOperation

      Ayer visited Red Lake and Leech Lake to access them for missions again

  15. Sep 2019
    1. IneversawtheseInds.halfsogivenuptoeveryspeciesofwicked-nes

      According to Boutwell, the Ojibwe at Leech Lake are spiritually and moral less than any other he has seen

    2. hatIspokeloud&plain

      Boutwell describes a conflict he had with some of the Natives in his area

    3. henextthingisrevenge

      Boutwell is put on a list of men suspected of stealing ammunition, and his cattle are killed by the Natives in the region

    4. ormerlyknownasYellowLakeMissio

      Yellow Lake Mission turned into Pokegoma -> moved to be closer to the impressionable Natives

    5. FondduLacandLeechLak

      All Northwest Missions, but especially Fond du Lac and Leech Lake, need more labor to sustain them

  16. Aug 2019
    1. IknowtheIndian.Iknowhimwell,forIamanIndianmyself.Hethinkslittleandspeaksmuch.Hedoesnotlookbeyondthepresent,andhehatesyourobjectinhisheart,althoughitisoneofcharityandforthebenentofhimselfandchildren.

      This is how the second chief of the Leech Lake band views Boutwell and his mission efforts

    2. AmandthezealofPaul&thefaithofAbraham

      Boutwell hired a Catholic Frenchman as a laborer, but feels that he is not a good representation of the faith, and has decided to do all laboring himself - he asks for a pious man to be sent to Leech Lake instead

    3. Fondd

      Both Fond du Lac and Sandy Lake are unoccupied

    4. handedandthenrstyeardshimselfembarrassedandabletoadvancebutceneedstobere-enforced

      Boutwell has been at Leech Lake for two years, working solo, so the progress is slow and needs to be re-enforced

    5. yhouse,whenIbegantooccupyit,hadadoor,threewindows&amudchimney,butneitherchair,stool,tableorbed-stead

      Boutwell built his own house at Leech Lake

    1. houldyougotothisstationyouwouldbeexpectedtoteachtosomeextent,todidintakingcareofthesecularaffeirsofthefamily,andtobewiththeIndiana,asmuchascircumotencsewouldpermit,aidingthemcomeintheirattemptstobecomesettled&cul—tivatetheground,persuadingthemtoattendmeetingt,andsendtheirchildrentoschool,impartingreligiousinstructionasforasyoucould,bymeansofinterpretersorotherwise.Youmightalsodidsomeinprovidingcomfortablebuildingsforthefamily,iftheyshouldnotyetbefurniehod,andperhapsituiohtbeadvisableforyoutoaidoccasionallyatoneortwooftheotherattioneinthatvicinity,inthesamen

      What Mr. Town would be expected to do at Yellow Lake

    2. hepo'sonsatthisstationno

      Mr. Greene breaks down to Mr. Town who all is located at Yellow Lake

    1. erearesupposedtobenearlyasmanyIndiansintheFondduLacDepartment,asinalltheLakeSuperiorDepartmen

      almost as many Natives in Fond du Lac as in all of Lake Superior area

    2. amtobelocatedatSandyLake

      Ely confirms he is to be located at Sandy Lake to teach

    3. rE.toteachtheschoolther

      Mr. Ely will teach school at Sandy Lake

    4. IfaMissionfumiEyr————————______—+consistedofoneman&twofemales,itmightbedifficulttoeradicateff35—555—1537‘fn§“imvro§§1onthathokoayohastooWiveo

      a mission family with two women might look like a polygamous relationship to the Natives

    5. Itisdesirablethatthoroshouldbethreegersono.-~atalleventsthoroshoulibotwo.Afamilymightconsistofonemale&twofemales,thernvoroewoulihoweverbeprefrablo;two‘maiéo&onefemale.MuchasIhaveboonwonttodobroontetheideaof‘aMiasionarthothoeeIn;n.beilnawr—ried,Imustfranklyadmititsproprietyifamissionintoboloo—atodhe

      Boutwell's suggestions for a mission family at Leech Lake

    6. nInd.roullmostsurelytthesd—‘ventardofyourliberolity.Every

      Boutwell sees the Natives as charity seeking

    7. twillbeimpossible,atleastsofarasIcansee,tosustainasmallschooleven,withoutfeediecthechil.tosomeextent.IftheInds.zenhe‘nduoedbyexample&otherhelps,suchasEecd&preparingtheground,tocultivutcmorelargely,theyyould,Ihavenodoubtfurnishprovisionsfortheirohil.inp

      the school will have to feed children regardless, but parents can contribute more if they settle down and cultivate land

    8. heexpenseofestablishing&supportingaMissionfamilyhere,lcouldsay,fromtheobservation&estimate'Ihavebeenabletomake,itwouldnotexceed3600,norwould-itprobablybelessthan$500.

      Mission Family costs at Leech Lake

    9. hatthereareindividualswhowouldbeun—willingtohavetheirchil.instructedatpresent,Ihavenodoubt.Iamnotwithouthopehowever,thatbykindness&ajudiciouscourseofconduct,theirprejudiceswouldsoongiveway

      Boutwell understands not all families want their children taught, but he believes that they will eventually

    10. eLordhathopenedadoor&isapparentlypreparingthesayforyoutooccupythisfieldassoonasyoucanfurnishthemen&mean

      the school and mission should be established as soon as funds are available

    11. hisband&severalothersinthevicinityarenowsmokingthepipeofpeacewiththeSiouxs

      bands around Leech lake have made peace with the Sioux

    12. tisararethingthatanInd.willnothavedealingswithbothhouses,&atthesametimemakeitapointofhonourtocheatonetocourtth

      Natives trade with traders and with someone else, which causes them to cheat at least one party

    13. uchbeingthestateofthings,thereisalwaysstrife,con-tention&everyevilworkbetweenthetwohouses

      lending on credit and unfair trades

    14. aidhe"wishedhiechildrentolearntheBookbutnottoreceiveourreligion["].

      this is about Dr. B's children - Dr. B is a Chief among the Yellow Lake bands

    15. neanydevoteconaid-arableof113timetoscatteringabnnndtheaecddnflir

      wants two males missionaries so that one can be a traveling preacher essentially

    16. h1hk"that“about"soormoreiramnegmightbeErGngnéGitnlnnfnény4eremf‘tnéinflucnoomoreorlessdir-aot3faimiséi‘szhéz-éfg

      Ayer anticipates at least 60 families can be converted by a Mission at Yellow Lake

    17. Onaccountofthoextremencmrcityofnrovinioneherotheycouldnotremainion-er

      the school on the Yellow Lake Mission doesn't have provisions for students to stay long

    18. erewelefttochooseweshouldpreferhrE.ec‘woarewellacquaintedwithhim,andknowthatourvieweonthesubjectofplinlivingandvarioussubjectsconnect-edwithmissionaryOperationsharmoniz

      Ayer expects Ely to close his Mission near Sandy Lake because not many Natives settle there and requests that Ely be sent to Yellow Lake because he has similar views to the Ayer Mission Family

    19. willbeverydesirableundersuchcircumtttnoeeinourunsettleditetetohaveamolefella:laborrwhoinadditiontoschooltoohingwillsuperintendtheconcorno0hi.Iall]ainstructtheIndia

      Ayer requests another male for the Mission to teach and superintend while he [Ayer] is away

    20. referdenyingour—selveotheuseofthemnodiminishourexpensesandhavemoretobestowupontheneedyIndiana

      the Mission Family decides not to spend money on clothing, tea, coffee, pies, cakes, butter, lard, or fancy dishes in order to give more to "the needy Indians"

    21. Thebilloftrans-portation&provisionsaregreatastheynecessarilymuetbeforafamilysofarintheinteri

      expensive for a Mission Family to live so deep in the region

    22. IhaveoftennoughtdirectidnxoftheLordandampersuadedthatthein-terestofthemissionnonldventuallybemuchpromotedifweshouldobtainthissituation."

      this remark indicates that Ayer is primarily concerned with improving the condition of the Natives through the building of a Mission in this region

    23. emustbuildundergreatdisedventn:oses7:muotbuild,almostwhollyinthewintermetheDrcanhaveFor‘1nve"]nonomenafterthemonthoflarch

      Yellow Lake Mission has to be build almost entirely in the winter because of the availability of men to help build

    24. heIndiansfrequentedthoselakestotakefishmuchmorebeforetheestablishmentofthetradinghouse(3yearseince)thannow.IffishShauldincreasetheIndianscouldbemoreeaeilyinducedtolocateherethannee

      Ojibwe bands around Yellow Lake fish less after trading post is established - higher population of fish could entice them to move into a Mission more now than it has in the past

    25. Hewillnotprobablyconsenttoourccoiliogohthe2tSroi~vhoic1ccontemplatedasitisoncollenthunting“£xound,tthIndionskillinginthefallgroatnumhoroofba

      Ayer suspects the Yellow Lake band won't give up land on the St. Croix because it is good hunting ground

    26. eplanwhichwehaveformedwouldplaceourordainedmissionary&hiswife,withaninterpreterafemaleteachers,&perhapsanotherfemalehelper,atLaPointe;acatechistandafemaleteacheratYellowLake;&anordainedmissionary&amaleteacheratSandyLake,withtheexpectationthattheformerwillvisitLeechLake,&perhaps,spendaconsiderableportionoftheyearthere,preparingthewayforapermanentestablishmenttherenext

      proposed division of labor for the various missions: ordained missionary, his wife, an interpreter, female teachers (La Pointe): catechist, female teacher (Yellow Lake): ordained missionary, male teacher (Sandy Lake and Leech Lake)

    27. hersthatLeechLakeistheplacetolocateamissionforthatIsectionofthecountry

      I think this is saying that Mr. Ayer thinks Leech Lake, not La Pointe, is the best spot for a mission because so many different bands congregate there

    28. heIndiantitletothislandisextinct,havingbeencededtotheCadottefamilybytheIndia

      the Natives cede land (surrounding Lake Superior?) to Cadotte Family (Mission Family?) Hall and Boutwell think this means no more land needs to be asked of the Natives

    29. LacduFlanbeaumightbeapproachedbytheOuisocuein;YellowLake,bytheSt.Groin;andSandyLake,LeechLakeandalmostalltheIndianbandsinthatdirection,bytheMississippianditsuppertributa

      how to access each band via waterway

    30. roceedtoMrWarren‘spost,atLaPoints,onLakeSuperior,whi

      Mr. Hall, Mr. Ayer, Mrs. Hall, and Mrs. Campbell (interpreter) traveled to La Pointe on Lake Superior

    31. outhsideofLckeSuperio

      the 1831 tour was focused on Natives on the south side of Lake Superior

    1. cthomant'ic‘igpat'eekInag’nvaaiw.''‘.z.‘--:“".w.':’.r‘r".‘..1'~hecouldnotgivemean31mm:towhatI.ghgugmonylrel‘atmc:to_p;.—v..Vf,_a..f»'1“:2”?».13},."’.['5'."f...schoolamonghispeople,as.someofLikehisprincipinr'monmore.not;-.‘r.‘«‘.‘‘‘i‘a'i.‘h-'I‘a'‘.3”‘'""dm:-:9?A-J'1'.3-.4"‘present,27110121126:mustfirstcdnsulf

      Sandy Lake Chief has the same response as the Principal Man at the Red Lake - not every one is present to discuss the possibility of a Mission on their land

    2. dqrh.ismostlyobtainedatRedLakefromthelads.whotherecultivateittoconsiderableextent.

      some sort of food is obtained at Red Lake from the Natives there (I can't read what it is)

  17. May 2017
    1. Mackenzie River
      The Mackenzie River is a major river system in northwestern North America. It is exceeded only in basin size by the Mississippi-Missouri system. The entire Mackenzie River system is 2,635 miles long and passes through many lakes before emptying into the Beaufort Sea of the Arctic Ocean. The Mackenzie River alone is 1,025 miles long when measured from Great Slave Lake. It begins at Great Slave Lake where the elevation is 512 feet above sea level. Great Slave Lake can be as deep as 2,000 feet in certain places. It is filled with clear water on the eastern side and shallow, murky water on the western side. The headwaters of the Mackenzie River include numerous large rivers. The drainage basins of the Mackenzie River include the Liard River, Peace River, and Athabasca River. The ice that forms on the Mackenzie River over the winter months begins the break up in early to mid-May in the southern sections. Ice covering some portions of the Mackenzie River can break up as late as the end of May. The Mackenzie River basin is home to a very small and sparse population despite the natural resources available in this area. This area is home to muskrat, marten, beaver, lynx, and fox. Pulpwood and other small conifer trees can be found here. Petroleum and natural gas are usually the underlying reason larger settlements have formed in this area (Robinson 1999). 
      

      References

      Robinson, J. Lewis. 1999. Mackenzie River. July 26. Accessed May 2017, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mackenzie-River#ref466063.

    2. Hay River
      Hay River is a town in the Northwest Territories, Canada that was incorporated at a town in 1963. It is located on the south shore of Great Slave Lake, at the mouth of the Hay River. This town is located 201 air kilometers southwest of Yellowknife. The town was permanently settled in 1868 by the Hudson’s Bay Company to establish a trading post with Anglican and Catholic missions. The Catholic church built during the late 1800s in Hay River is still being used today in the Hay River Reserve. The Hay River Reserve is home to about 300 K’atlodeechee First Nation and was created in 1974. Before the arrival of the Hudson’s Bay Company, the area was used by the Slavey Dene people. The town had a population of approximately 3,606 in 2011. Most members of the current Hay River community have ties to the postwar construction of the Mackenzie Highway. Due to its important transportation and communication amenities and abilities, Hay River earned the nickname “the hub of the north.” This town houses the staging point for shipping up the Mackenzie River and the commercial fisheries of Great Slave Lake. The economy of Hay River today relies heavily on private enterprise (The Canadian Encyclopedia, n.d.). 
      

      References

      The Canadian Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Hay River. Retrieved from Historica Canada: http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hay-river/

    3. Mackenzie Highway
      The Mackenzie Highway is the longest in the Northwest Territories. It begins at the Northwest Territory and Alberta border and ends at Wrigley, Northwest Territory. It is approximately 690 kilometers or 429 miles long. About 280 kilometers are paved while the rest of the highway is covered with gravel (Government of Northwest Territories, n.d.). The construction of this highway was ongoing between the 1940s and 1970s. In 1945, the Canadian federal government and the government of Alberta signed an agreement to build an all-weather road that would replace the existing Caterpillar tractor trails from Grimshaw to the Great Slave Lake of Hay River (Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Center, n.d.). As time passed and focus shifted to fossil fuel collection, the motivation behind further construction of the Mackenzie Highway was in “anticipation of a major oil pipeline development along the Mackenzie River valley” (Pomeroy, 1985). The intended use of the highway was to enable the pipeline developers to haul construction materials throughout the area. During its construction, many chiefs of the Indian Brotherhood opposed the completion of the Mackenzie Highway. There was additional opposition voiced from the people of Wrigley who also did not support further construction of the Mackenzie Highway (Cox, 1975). 
      

      References

      Cox, B. (1975). Changing Perceptions of Industrial Development in the North. Human Organization, 27-33.

      Government of Northwest Territories. (n.d.). Transportation Highway 1. Retrieved from Government of Northwest Territories: http://www.dot.gov.nt.ca/Highways/Highway_System/NWTHwy1

      Pomeroy, J. (1985). An Identification of Environmental Disturbances from Road Developments in Subarctic Muskeg. Arctic, 104-111.

      Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Center. (n.d.). Historical Timeline of the Northwest Territories. Retrieved from Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Center: http://www.nwttimeline.ca/1925/1948_MackenzieHighway.htm

    4. Denison Ice Road
      The Denison Ice Road was constructed by John Denison, an ice road engineer, and his crew. He drove a Caterpillar tractor which pull freight sleighs in harsh environments like those found in Alaska. His experiences with these long drives between mines sparked his interest in designing a road that could support regular transport trucks and vehicles (Princes of Wales Nothern Heritage Center n.d.). The construction of the Denison Ice Road began in the late 1950s. This road was planned to connect Yellowknife through the Arctic Circle to the Great Bear Lake silver mine. This distance totaled about 530 kilometers or 323 miles. John Denison and his crew worked with Byers Transport to complete the construction of Denison Ice Road. Byers Transport was a company that was at the forefront of ice road construction in the North. The construction of the Denison Ice Road was built through some of the most isolated terrain in the sub-arctic region. In 1988, John Denison received the Order of Canada for his successful construction of and ingenuity in building winter roads (Yellowknifer 2001). A detailed account of the experiences of John Denison and his crew during the construction of the Denison Ice Road can be found in “Denison’s Ice Road” by Edith Iglauer. A copy of “Denison’s Ice Road” can be found by following this link: http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/denisons-ice-road-edith-iglauer/1100112712?ean=9781550170412. 
      

      After completing the Denison Ice Road project, John Denison worked on the construction of a road to Tundra Mine and Discovery Mine. John Denison was married to Hannah with whom he had four kids. His family resided in Edmonton, Alberta and then Kelowna, British Columbia (Yellowknifer 2001).

      References

      Princes of Wales Nothern Heritage Center. n.d. Historical Timeline of the Northwest Territories. Accessed May 7, 2017. http://www.nwttimeline.ca/1950/1959_Denison.htm.

      Yellowknifer. 2001. Articles on John Denison. January 10. Accessed April 9, 2017. http://www.harbourpublishing.com/excerpt/DenisonsIceRoad/webonly/109.

    5. Great Bear Lake

      Great Bear Lake is located near the Arctic Circle in the Norwest Territories (Kujawinski). Great Bear Lake is the eighth largest lake in the world and spans more than 12,000 square miles. The only residents near the Great Bear Lake are the Sahtuto’ine, which means the “Bear Lake people.” They reside in the town of Deline and the population is about 500. In March of 2016, Great Bear Lake was declared a Unesco Biosphere Reserve, which acts to conserve the lake. Great Bear Lake is the first Biosphere Reserve to be controlled by an indigenous group. The Sahtuto’ine were granted self-government by the government of Canada and are now the sole people responsible for the happenings at Great Bear Lake. Great Bear Lake is a significant part of Sahtuto’ine culture. The Lake is viewed as essential for human life, based on a prophecy from the 1930s. The prophecy holds that the Great Bear Lake has the purest water in the world and that people will migrate from all over the world to drink its water and catch its fish. Climate change effects have already been witnessed at the Lake and locals believe that the prophecy will come true sooner than expected. These fears pushed the locals to have the lake preserved. Some locals believe that the Great Bear Lake gave life to every other lake and for that, it must be protected. Images of Great Bear Lake and its people can be found below: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/07/travel/great-bear-lake-arctic-unesco-biosphere-canada.html?_r=0

      References: Kujawinski, Peter. "Guardians of a Vast Lake, and a Refuge for Humanity." The New York Times. February 07, 2017. Accessed May 03, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/07/travel/great-bear-lake-arctic-unesco-biosphere-canada.html?_r=0.

  18. Apr 2017
    1. Great Slave Lake

      The Great Slave Lake was found in 1771 by Samuel Hearne (Ernst). Many others passed through during the Klondike Gold Rush in 1896-1899, but the region surrounding the Great Slave Lake remained greatly unoccupied. In 1930, a radioactive uranium mineral called pitchblende, or uraninite, was discovered on the shore of the Great Slave Lake and incentivized colonizers. 1934, gold was discovered on Yellowknife Bay, which led to a Yellowknife community settlement. Today, additional communities in this region include Hay River, Fort Resolution, Fort Providence, and Behchoko. The Great Slave Lake is the fifth largest lake is North America and is part of the Mackenzie River System. The Lake gets its name from a tribe of Native Americans called Slavery First Nations (National Geographic). This tribe fished for sustenance and did not explore farther than their immediate surroundings. Their neighbors, the Cree, thought the tribe was weak and often called them awonak, which means slaves. Explorer Peter Pond named the lake the Slave Lake in 1785 and then the Great Slave Lake in 1790. The Lake is known for its variety of types of fish, including trout, pike, and Arctic grayling. The Great Slave Lake is covered in snow and ice 8 months out of the year. The Great Slave Lake region is also the home to the largest intact forest in the world, the Boreal Forest, which contains evergreens, bogs, shallow lakes, and ponds (Pala). This Great Slave Lake cove is the habitat for caribou, waterfowl, beavers, and many fish species.

      Ernst, Chloe. "The History and Sites of Great Slave Lake: A Visitor's Guide.” PlanetWare.com. Accessed April 06, 2017. http://www.planetware.com/northwest-territories/great-slave-lake-cdn-nt-ntgs.htm.

      National Geographic, February 2002, 1. Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources (accessed April 5, 2017). http://find.galegroup.com/grnr/infomark.do?&source=gale&idigest=6f8f4a3faafd67e66fa023866730b0a1&prodId=GRNR&userGroupName=bucknell_it&tabID=T003&docId=A83374988&type=retrieve&PDFRange=%5B%5D&contentSet=IAC-Documents&version=1.0.

      Pala, Christopher. "Forests forever. (Forest conservation in Canada)." Earth Island Journal, September 22, 2010.

  19. Jun 2015
    1. "Watercourses" means rivers, streams, brooks, waterways, lakes, ponds, marshes, swamps, bogs and all other bodies of water, natural or artificial, vernal or intermittent, public or private, which are contained within, flow through or border upon this state or any portion thereof, not regulated pursuant to sections 22a-28 to 22a-35, inclusive.

      Watercourse definition. Lakes and rivers on either public or private land.