82 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2023
    1. vouchers

      origin of voucher system - Milton Friedman

    2. Friedman called such benefits ‘neighbourhoodeffects’—the benefits that come from services that aren’t paid for.
    3. economist Milton Friedman, and especially in hisideas on education. Back in 1955 Friedman had turned his attention to educationand written The Role of Government in Education. Education intrigued himbecause of its strange and, for the market model, rather irritating position in themarketplace. It didn’t quite fit into a neat demand-and-supply framework withchoice at the centre.
  2. Dec 2022
  3. Nov 2022
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  5. Apr 2022
  6. Sep 2021
  7. Aug 2021
    1. William Poole, “The Genres of Milton’sCommonplace Book,” inThe Oxford Handbook of Milton, ed. NicholasMcDowell and Nigel Smith (2009), pp.367–81, argues that since Milton’scommonplace book was an exercise in moral philosophy (the discipline towhich his headings of ethics, economics, and politics correspond), it wascompiled for action.

      John Milton's commonplace book was an exercise in moral philosophy and it was compiled for action, not just a collection.

  8. May 2021
    1. As if how we construct meaning were not actually a matter of personal, intentional choice. P

      Meaning as choice. Interpretation is up to us. Like Milton's Satan: "The Mind can make a Heaven of Hell or a Hell of Heaven."

  9. Apr 2021
    1. Nevertheless, Milton does not force the issue concerningbelief in God's mere existence, for that is something he simply assumes; forhim God's existence is a premise much more than a conclusion (see YP 6:130-2). In spite of the radical polarities of belief about God in ParadiseLost, its humans and devils and angels are united in this: they all believethat he is

      I'm glad this is brought up. I think its really interesting that Milton, a devout Christian, was able to write something that retold a story from the bible- the characters being Christian icons- without needing to convince the readers that God is real/Christianity is the path to salvation. His intention was not to convert readers, but to write! By carefully crafting PL's character relationships, the importance of faith is naturally conveyed through the dialogue between all characters.

  10. Mar 2021
    1. An answer to Mr. Bendetsen's testimony came from Milton S. Eisenhower, former president of Johns Hopkins University, who in 1942 directed the Federal War Relocation Authority.In a written statement, Mr. Eisenhower, who was unable to attend because of illness, called the internment of Japanese-Americans ''an inhuman mistake.'' Moreover, he said, the threat of Japanese forces' invading the West Coast was ''extremely remote.''He said that the relocation furor could have been avoid, ''had not false and flaming statements been dinned into the people of the West Coast by irresponsible commentators and politicians.''
  11. Feb 2021
  12. Jan 2021
    1. (j) Any officer elected under section 202 of this charter may be removed from office as follows:  A legal petition stating specific cause as cited by the petitioner signed by not less than 15 percent of the registered voters shall be filed with the Town Clerk requesting a vote on whether the elected official shall be removed from the office. The Selectboard in the case of the Town and the School Board in the case of the School shall call a Special Town or School Meeting to be held within 45 days of receiving the petition, to vote on whether the elected officer shall be removed. The officer shall be removed only if at least one-third of the registered voters of the Town vote and a majority of that number vote for removal.

      Milton

      Recall

    2. (c) Initiative. Any lawful ordinance may be enacted by vote of the Town as follows:  A petition signed by not less than five percent of the registered voters shall be filed with the Town Clerk requesting enactment of the ordinance and accompanied by the text thereof. The warning for the next annual Town meeting shall include the text of the proposed ordinance and shall provide for a "yes" or "no" vote.

      Milton

      Initiatives

    3. (f) Referendum. (1) A Town ordinance may be repealed by vote of the Town as follows: A petition requesting a vote on the question of repealing the ordinance shall be signed by not less than five percent of the registered voters and shall be filed with the Town Clerk within 40 days following the date of adoption of the ordinance by the Selectboard. The Selectboard shall call a special Town meeting to be held within 60 days of the date of filing the petition to vote by Australian ballot on whether or not the ordinance shall be repealed. The warning shall include the text of the proposed ordinance and shall provide for a "yes" or "no" vote.

      Milton

      Referendums

  13. Dec 2019
    1. Milton

      Percy Shelley especially singles out Milton among the most important classic literature, indicating his strong influence in the novel.

    2. It was indeed a paradise

      At this moment the Creature appears more strongly associated with Adam than with Satan, apparently born into a "paradise."

    3. Pandæmonium

      Pandaemonium ("All demons" in Latin), was the capital of Hell in Milton's Paradise Lost (II.119-69).

    4. I am thy creature: I ought to be thy Adam; but I am rather the fallen angel

      This allusion to Milton's Paradise Lost puzzles some readers because the epigram of Volume II has previously quoted Adam's entreaty to God. Is the Creature more like Adam or more like the fallen angel Satan?

    5. a Paradise of my own creation

      Walton's imagined "paradise" of his own making suggests the power of imagination, yet also the possibility of creating a Hell of one's own. It is also one of the novel's many allusions to John Milton's Paradise Lost.

    6. You are my creator, but I am your master;—obey!

      The Creature inverts the master-slave relationship, which may explain why apartheid South Africa banned the novel. Throughout the passage, the Creature seems to adopt the voice of Satan's language in Paradise Lost.

    7. It was indeed a paradise

      At this moment, the Creature appears more strongly associated with Adam than with Satan, apparently born into a "paradise." However, Shelley's allusion might be to that of the serpent or snake, as in Revelation: "So the great dragon was cast out, that serpent of old, called the Devil and Satan, who deceives the whole world; he was cast out to the earth, and his angels were cast out with him . . . He laid hold of the dragon, that serpent of old, who is the Devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years (Rev. 12:9; 20:2).

    8. Like Adam

      From Milton's poem the Creature imagines himself as an Adam created by an all-powerful god (Victor). Later in the paragraph, the Creature considers if a more apt comparison for his condition might be to Satan, cast out from his companions and protector.

    9. Paradise Lost.

      By citing Adam's question to God in John Milton's Paradise Lost, Mary Shelley makes Milton's epic the most important intertext of Frankenstein. In Book II, the Creature hears the poem read aloud, and begins to think of himself as either Adam or Satan.

    10. sent me forth to this insupportable misery

      The Creature compares himself to Milton's Satan in Paradise Lost, which he has previously heard when Felix read the poem aloud.

    11. Evil thenceforth became my good.

      The Creature refers to Satan's confession in Milton's Paradise Lost: "all Good to me is lost; / Evil be thou my Good" (4:109-110).

    1. While neither the feeling of remorse of self accusation mingled with my throes; although the contempt with I was treated also prevented any sublime defiance to have a place in my mind.

      The Thomas Copy qualifies the Creature's comparison of himself to Milton's Satan. Both are outcasts treated with contempt, but unlike Satan, the Creature suffers this condition without conceiving himself as proudly rebellious against his oppressors.

  14. Sep 2018
    1. how we can understand disobedience against God as patience and heroic martyrdom

    1. fit audience find, though few

      A famous phrase expressing Milton's conviction that it is preferable to address even one just man than a world of false men.

    2. DEscend from Heav'n Urania, by that name If rightly thou art call'd, whose Voice divine

      Milton makes an unequivocal claim to divine inspiration therefore expecting us to attribute authority to his version. This idea is repeated in book ix 46-47.

  15. Aug 2018
    1. Thir government, and thir great Senate choose [ 225 ] Through the twelve Tribes, to rule by Laws ordaind:

      This may be linked to English Parliamentary government.

    2. Or from Heav'n claming second Sovrantie; [ 35 ] And from Rebellion shall derive his name,

      You can also link this to Charles I and the English Civil War.

    1. Lay Seige, encampt; by Batterie, Scale, and Mine, Assaulting; others from the Wall defend With Dart and Jav'lin, Stones and sulfurous Fire; On each hand slaughter and gigantic deeds

      This is not the heroic warfare of God's armies fighting the fallen Angels.

    2. These two are Brethren, Adam, and to come Out of thy loyns; th' unjust the just hath slain

      Cain and Abel.

    3. Hard to belief may seem; yet this will Prayer, Or one short sigh of humane breath, up-borne Ev'n to the Seat of God.

      Previously Adam talked to God, but now he and Eve pray in the hope he is listening.

    1. In Sextile, Square, and Trine, and Opposite, Of noxious efficacie, and when to joyne [ 660 ] In Synod unbenigne, and taught the fixt Thir influence malignant when to showre, Which of them rising with the Sun, or falling, Should prove tempestuous: To the Winds they set Thir corners, when with bluster to confound [ 665 ] Sea, Aire, and Shoar, the Thunder when to rowle With terror through the dark Aereal Hall. Some say he bid his Angels turne ascanse The Poles of Earth twice ten degrees and more From the Suns Axle; they with labour push'd [ 670 ] Oblique the Centric Globe

      A Renaissance man, Milton incorporates the mathematics, astronomy, geography and science of his time into his poetry.

    2. Th' Infernal Empire, that so neer Heav'ns dore Triumphal with triumphal act have met,

      Is this an indirect criticism of colonialism by Milton?

    3. Was shee thy God, that her thou didst obey

      Is this a dig at the role of the Virgin Mary in Catholicism from Milton a Protestant?

    4. My voice thou oft hast heard, and hast not fear'd, But still rejoyc't,

      So the voice of God is also the same voice of the Son.

    5. Anger, and obstinacie, and hate, and guile.

      They experience these negative emotions even before the entry of Sin to the World.

    1. The Woodbine round this Arbour, or direct The clasping Ivie where to climb, while I In yonder Spring of Roses intermixt With Myrtle, find what to redress till Noon:

      Milton's vision of Eden is very much in the image of an English garden of his time.

    2. For onely in destroying I find ease To my relentless thoughts; and him destroyd, [ 130 ] Or won to what may work his utter loss, For whom all this was made, all this will soon Follow, as to him linkt in weal or woe, In wo then: that destruction wide may range: To mee shall be the glorie sole among [ 135 ] The infernal Powers, in one day to have marr'd What he Almightie styl'd, six Nights and Days Continu'd making, and who knows how long Before had bin contriving, though perhaps Not longer then since I in one Night freed

      Satan seems to have become fixated on revenge against God, rather than defeating him. Perhaps the reality of his situation had begun to sink in.

    1. All higher knowledge in her presence falls Degraded, Wisdom in discourse with her Looses discount'nanc't, and like folly shewes; Authority and Reason on her waite

      If I read this right Adam is saying that Eve is not as intelligent as him. Why one wonders would God create less than a perfect partner for him?

    2. The easiest way, nor with perplexing thoughts To interrupt the sweet of Life, from which God hath bid dwell farr off all anxious cares, [ 185 ] And not molest us, unless we our selves Seek them with wandring thoughts, and notions vain. But apt the Mind or Fancy is to roave Uncheckt, and of her roaving is no end; Till warn'd, or by experience taught, she learne,

      Raphael is warning Adam not to quest for knowledge and to accept the world as it is known. This was written in the time of the Renaissance, with the the beginning of science and exploration by Europeans..

    3. From Man or Angel the great Architect Did wisely to conceal, and not divulge His secrets to be scann'd by them who ought Rather admire;

      More hidden knowledge and a mild warning not to be too inquisitive.

    1. Thir Snakie foulds, and added wings

      Dragons?

    2. Adverse to life: then founded, then conglob'd Like things to like, the rest to several place [ 240 ] Disparted, and between spun out the Air, And Earth self ballanc't on her Center hung.

      This expands on the Genesis creation by acknowledging other planets in our solar system.

    3. sends his Son with Glory and attendance of Angels to perform the work of Creation

      This is certainly not in Genesis, which credits God himself with the creation and not his son.

    1. Thir devilish glut, chaind Thunderbolts and Hail Of Iron Globes, which on the Victor Host [ 590 ] Level'd, with such impetuous furie smote, That whom they hit, none on thir feet might stand, Though standing else as Rocks, but down they fell By thousands, Angel on Arch-Angel rowl'd;

      It is interesting that Milton considers gunpowder and cannons to be the work of the Devil. These had been a standard feature of medieval warfare for at least a couple of hundred years before his time, so were not a new or secret invention.

    2. Should combat, and thir jarring Sphears confound.

      It would be difficult for Raphael to explain war to Adam, because it is not something he would ever have encountered before.

    3. They ended parle, and both addresst for fight Unspeakable; for who, though with the tongue Of Angels, can relate, or to what things Liken on Earth conspicuous, that may lift Human imagination to such highth [ 300 ] Of Godlike Power: for likest Gods they seemd, Stood they or mov'd, in stature, motion, arms Fit to decide the Empire of great Heav'n.

      An individual conflict between champions/the leaders of each army. This harks back to Greek times.

    4. None of retreat, no unbecoming deed That argu'd fear; each on himself reli'd, As onely in his arm the moment lay Of victorie; deeds of eternal fame [

      This is a heroic vision of warfare, that certainly wasn't practiced in the English Civil War and religious wars of Milton's time, if it ever was.

    5. By Thousands and by Millions rang'd for fight; Equal in number to that Godless crew Rebellious

      Why send the same size army as your enemy when you enjoy a two to one advantage? Send a larger force and get the war over more quickly. I don't understand what Milton's point is here.

    1. Late falln himself from Heav'n, is plotting now [ 240 ] The fall of others from like state of bliss; By violence, no, for that shall be withstood, But by deceit and lies; this let him know, Lest wilfully transgressing he pretend Surprisal, unadmonisht, unforewarnd.

      Omniscient God is sending Raphael to warn Adam about the danger of his fall by eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge. He does so with the fore-knowledge of the failure of this mission. Does it serve any purpose other than for him to be able to say 'I told you so, I warned you what would happen'?

    2. To wed her Elm; she spous'd about him twines

      In this Eve's relationship to Adam is presented as that of a Vine entwined around an Elm Tree. That is as parasitic and dependent upon him.

    1. Yielded with coy submission, modest pride, [ 310 ]

      The key word here is submission. This is illustrative of Eve's relationship with Adam.

    2. Whence true autority in men; though both [ 295 ] Not equal, as thir sex not equal seemd; For contemplation hee and valour formd, For softness shee and sweet attractive Grace, Hee for God only, shee for God in him:

      Milton followed the classic line of his time about the inferiority of women to men. Thus the relationship between Adam and Eve was not that of equals, she was deemed inferior and subordinate to him and he was viewed as closer to God.

    3. can

      You can take the Devil out of Hell, but can't take Hell out the Devil. He is now fully committed on the path of evil.

    1. He ask'd, but all the Heav'nly Quire stood mute, And silence was in Heav'n: on mans behalf Patron or Intercessor none appeerd,

      Compare the court of an Absolute Monarch, where there is no discussion to a Parliamentary Monarchy.

    2. I formd them free, and free they must remain, Till they enthrall themselves: I else must change [ 125 ] Thir nature, and revoke the high Decree Unchangeable

      This is indicative of the political and philosophical debates going on in England about the nature of individual liberty, as illustrated by Thomas Hobbe's Leviathan.

    1. I've never quite understood the threat posed to God by Satan and his followers. For all his might Satan is a lesser warrior (hero) than Michael, and not forgetting there are other Archangels.

    2. Then to dwell here, driv'n out from bliss, condemn'd In this abhorred deep to utter woe; Where pain of unextinguishable fire

      Satan's and his followers continued suffering the tortures of a vengeful God could be considered an act of immense heroism.

    3. Vain Warr with Heav'n, and by success untaught His proud imaginations thus displaid.

      This is a valid criticism of ruling elites at the time of Milton, and remains valid today.

    1. Was this a Puritan thing?

    2. Mate

      What does this mean? Nowadays this word is used colloquially to mean a good friend.

    3. This reminds me of the saying one person's terrorist is another's freedom fighter. Satan and his fallen angels can be perceived as insurgents against God's 'tyranny', putting a whole new spin on the battle between good and evil.

    4. To wage by force or guile eternal WarrIrreconcileable, to our grand Foe,

      This reference to eternal war fails to see the final Battle of Armageddon and the eventual victory of good or evil.

    5. The change in spelling interests me, as with most current English pronunciation here and their would effectively rhyme. But Milton's with Milton's use of thir they wouldn't.

    6. In some Northern English or Scottish dialects the word ken is used as a verb to know or noun for knowledge.

  16. Jul 2018
    1. Others more mild

      Milton is godlike in the sublime pathetic. In Demons, fallen Angels, and Monsters the delicacies of passion living in and from their immortality, is of the most softening and dissolving nature. It is carried to the utmost here.

    2. To be invulnerable in those bright arms,

      This same Sin, a female, and with a feminine instinct for the showy & martial is in pain lest death should sully Satan's bright arms.

    3. Their song was partial

      nothing can express the sensation one feels at 'Their song was partial &[c]. Examples of this nature are divine to the utmost in other poets—in Caliban 'Sometimes a thousand twangling instruments' &c[.] In Theocritus'———Polyphemus—and Homers Hym to Pan where Mercury is represented as taking his 'homely fac'd' to heaven. There are numerous other instances in Milton— 'Tears such as Angels weep'.

    4. Dear Daughter

      Satan's progeny [not highlighted by Keats, but stated in margin pp. 44-5]

    5. Pensive here I sat Alone;

      divine to the utmost

    6. 44
    7. [Note in Keats's Hand Text circles around the outside margins (top, bottom, left, right) of the two pages, 44 and 45]

  17. Apr 2018
    1. stocks and stones,

      stocks and stones: idols made of wood or rock; cf. Jeremiah 2:26-27: "As the thief is ashamed when he is found, so is the house of Israel ashamed; they, their kings, their princes, and their priests, and their prophets, | Saying to a stock, Thou art my father; and to a stone, Thou hast brought me forth: for they have turned their back unto me, and not their face: but in time of their trouble they will say, Arise, and save us." See also Wisdom of Solomon 14:21: "And this was an occasion to deceive the world: for men, serving either calamity or tyranny, did ascribe unto stones and stocks the incommunicable name"; and Milton, Sonnet 18, "On the Late Massacre in Piedmont": "When all our fathers worshipped stocks and stones" (4).

  18. Jul 2017
  19. Sep 2015