Weak muscles linked to higher dementia risk in middle-aged and older adults
- Study Overview: Analysis of ~6,000 adults aged 50+ from English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) over ~9 years found weaker muscles linked to higher dementia risk, published in Journal of Psychiatric Research.
- Measurements: Upper body via handgrip strength (dynamometer, adjusted for BMI/weight); lower body via chair stand test (5 rises without arms).
- Key Findings: Lowest grip strength group had 2.8x higher dementia risk (absolute) and >2x (BMI-adjusted); slowest chair stand had 2.75x higher risk; consistent across age, sex.
- Robustness: Sensitivity analysis excluding early dementia cases confirmed results; linear relationship between strength decline and risk increase.
- Possible Mechanisms: White matter hyperintensities, shared neural pathways, chronic inflammation affecting muscles and brain.
- Limitations: Observational (no causation), self-reported diagnoses, UK white population over 50, no dementia subtypes.
- Implications: Muscle strength tests for early dementia screening; potential for strength training interventions to support brain health.