04:30 Question of how these images are now marginalised in the Islamic community. Came from the Ottoman Empire? Safi blames the rise of Salafi and Wahhabi movements. These images seem to portray mainly the mi'raj, ie spiritual and mystical dimensions. And the prophet portrayed in companion with other prophets (ie the universality of Islam).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Man%27s_Burden

they all seem to use the "fake it till you make it" strategy (mentalism, mind over matter)<br /> but most are stuck in the "fake it" phase, because the british/US empire is too strong

Empire Sky-Riter Typewriter Review by Smith Corona: The End of Empire by [[Lazy Dog Typewriters]]

Around 1960 Smith-Corona bought out British Typewriters Ltd. (aka Empire) in West Bromwich, England and used the plant to make a version of the Smith-Corona Skyriter which they sold under the Empire name.

what is the difference between legal drugs and illegal drugs?<br /> legal drugs generate profits for big pharma via patents<br /> illegal drugs generate profits for the CIA via monopoly on high-level crime<br /> empire is the original drug cartel ... there is zero difference between mafia and police

Ogier was an ambassador mediating between Ferdinand and Suleyman.

Battle between Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and Mongols that results in Mongol victory

Timur was a great commander but also a patron of art and architecture (see interactions with Ibn Khaldun)

china is a role model for the global empire... of course they hate nationalism, secession, separatism, decentralization, peer to peer networks, small states, tribalism, ...

12:00 assassinations of many african leaders. Muammar Gaddafi, patrice lumumba of congo, sir abubakar tafawa balewa of nigeria, thomas sankara... history is repeating itself, only the actors are changing. -- 50 years ago, the empire called this "war on communism", nowadays the empire calls this "war on terror" or "war on nationalism" or "fighting for democracy" or "fighting for freedom"... and the empire will ALWAYS find useful idiots to fight for these lies, because human stupidity is the most stable resource of all, human stupidity is infinite.

The great Alexander's empire collapsed,<br /> the empire of the ancient Romans<br /> and the empire of Napoleon fell into ruins,<br /> they were built on the power of weapons.

But the Empire of New Rome<br /> has existed for almost 1500 years<br /> and will last for who knows how long,<br /> because it rests on the most solid foundation:<br /> the stupidity of humans.

-- Otto von Corvin

Seljuks win against Ghaznavids and end their domination in Greater Khorasan

Even emperors continued referring themselves as such

Empire Podcast: Lenin and The Rise of the Bolsheviks

ᔥu/atomicnotes in Who uses a card index? Top historians, that's who at r/Zettelkasten

At the start of a recent episode of the Empire Podcast (the one on the Bolshevik Revolution), historian William Dalrymple reveals that when he began to write his first history book, The White Moghul, he had no idea how to do it, so he called the eminent historian Antony Bevor, who invited him round for a lesson in using his own method - a card index. Dalrymple says he's been using a card index ever since.

Then the podcast co-host, Anita Anand says she learned this approach from William and she too has been using it ever since.

By my rough calculation, the card index lesson would have taken place about 1998-2000, so Antony Bevor probably used index cards to write his great books on Crete in WW2 and on the Battle of Stalingrad, among many others.

So that's three highly successful popular historians using a card index to research and write significant and best-selling non-fiction books.

Michael Sheen returned OBE to air views on royal family<br /> by Kevin Rawlinson<br /> Tue 29 Dec 2020 11.41 EST<br /> https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/dec/29/michael-sheen-gave-back-obe-to-air-views-on-royal-family

Quinn Slobodian - in his book "Globalists" traces roots of neoliberalism - back to the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian empire

How does this book speak with respect to Immerwahr's How to Hide an Empire?

“The truth is that all of the gold that was mined out of the Klondike was under Indigenous land. There was no treaty with any of the Indigenous peoples in the Yukon.”

“That land was stolen by the Canadian state and that gold was whisked away by private interests. The Federal Government only signed land claims with Indigenous peoples in the Yukon in the 1990s, but by that point, almost all the gold had been mined out of the ground.”

“The Klondike gold rush was a rolling disaster that captured tens of thousands of people. When the first European explorers came to the Americas, they came here looking for gold. In the 1890s, that lust for precious metals eventually led men to the farthest reaches of this continent.”

“Today, instead of 100,000 people descending on a small patch of land, you have large corporations digging treasures out of the ground. But the legacies these mining operations leave behind are just like what happened in the Klondike: workers with broken bodies, environmental destruction, the dispossession of Indigenous land, sexual violence. The gold rushes never stopped. They just morphed into something different.”

Canada is Fake

“Canada is not an accident or a work in progress or a thought experiment. I mean that Canada is a scam — a pyramid scheme, a ruse, a heist. Canada is a front. And it’s a front for a massive network of resource extraction companies, oil barons, and mining magnates.”

Canada is Fake

Canada is not an accident or a work in progress or a thought experiment. I mean that Canada is a scam — a pyramid scheme, a ruse, a heist. Canada is a front. And it’s a front for a massive network of resource extraction companies, oil barons, and mining magnates.

Extraction Empire

Canada is fake

“Canada is not an accident or a work in progress or a thought experiment. I mean that Canada is a scam — a pyramid scheme, a ruse, a heist. Canada is a front. And it’s a front for a massive network of resource extraction companies, oil barons, and mining magnates.”

https://twitter.com/bauhouse/status/1449737672407150595

“Eventually they spread their land grab all the way to the Pacific Ocean and the northern coastlines in pursuit of gold, silver, iron, copper, nickel, and diamond reserves.… ‘Canada’ came about in the late 1800s for nakedly economic reasons…”

The Art of Noticing

This is a compilation of articles that I had written as a way to process the changes I was observing in the world and, consequently, in myself as a reaction to the events. I have come to think of this process as the art of noticing. This process is in contrast to the expectation that I should be a productive member of society, a target market, and a passive audience for charismatic leaders: celebrities, billionaires, and politicians.

• Social: fame
• Economic: wealth
• Political: power

An Agent of Change

To become an agent of change is to recognize that we are not separate, we are not individuals, we are not cogs in a machine. We are complex and diverse. We are designers. We are a creative, collective, self-organizing, learning community.

We are in a process of becoming—a being journey:

• Personal resilience
• Social influence
• Economic capacity
• Political agency
• Ecological harmony

This is how we shift from an attention economy to an intention economy. Rather than being oriented toward the failures of the past, the uncertainty of the present, or the worries of the future, in a constant state of anxiety, stress, and fear, we are shifting our consciousness to manifest our intention through perception (senses), cognition (mind), emotion (heart), and action (body). We are exploring how we imagine, design, and build the future together.

We are the builders collective.

We are one.

On the Homebrewed Christianity podcast, Tripp Fuller quotes Process and Reality by Alfred North Whitehead in a conversation with Brian McLaren (22:20).

When the Western world accepted Christianity, Caesar conquered; and the received text of Western theology was edited by his lawyers. The code of Justinian and the theology of Justinian are two volumes expressing one movement of the human spirit. The brief Galilean vision of humility flickered throughout the ages, uncertainly. In the official formulation of the religion it has assumed the trivial form of the mere attribution to the Jews that they cherished a misconception about their Messiah. But the deeper idolatry, of the fashioning of God in the image of the Egyptian, Persian, and Roman imperial rulers, was retained. The Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar.

Whitehead, Alfred North. Process and Reality (Gifford Lectures Delivered in the University of Edinburgh During the Session 1927-28) (p. 342). Free Press. Kindle Edition.

Because the Ottoman Empire had a grasp over the Mediterranean Portugal had to occupy the Cape of Africa. For the Portuguese it was another way to trade with India and china without the burden of Ottomans Tariffs.

This description shows and explains that Musse Melly was the one who became the richest Malian king in ancient history. From the narrative that I read about Musse Melly, I believe this refers to King Mansa Musa. I also think that Musse Melly was just another name he had, and his people probably have called him by that.

Turkey at this time were heavily influenced by Persian tradition and embraced the Islamic faith. They were once a nomadic horde that expanded into Persia then Byzantine Empire. Becoming the dominate force in Anatolia.

Mustafa Kamal Ataturk wisdom in the defence of Turkey

Demolition of Ottoman Empire

There is no reference to India in the 1818 edition. But in this 1831addition, Victor refers to Clerval's ambitions to travel to India in "progress of European colonisation and trade." Though the British had pursued various ventures in the subcontinent since the seventeenth century, the East India Company Act of 1813 expanded British Rule in India, culminating in the enactment of the Government of India Act 1833, which disbanded the monopoly of the East India Company. Clerval's ambitions suggest the weakening of the monopoly and the emergence of new commercial opportunities for those wishing to make their fortunes in India.

In this revision to 1831 edition, Shelley elaborates on Clerval's "Indian enterprise," mentioned earlier in the previous chapter. Clerval wishes Victor to return to Perth to spend time together before the former's voyage to India. In the 1818 edition, Clerval notes they had been traveling in Britain for a year, and should take the next year of their voyage to return to Switzerland, via France.

Of the books the Creature learns in the forest, Volney's The Ruins of Empires was most closely associated with Europe's radical Enlightenment. While the Creature learns a powerful critique of power, imperialism, and exploitation from hearing Volney read aloud, he also absorbs some of the Enlightenment's prejudices and ethnic stereotypes ("slothful Asiatics"). However, the effect on the Creature is to give him a sense of the structural and not merely a personal framework for understanding virtue and suffering. See Ian Balfour, "Allegories of Origins: Frankenstein after the Enlightenment," SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 56.4 (2016): 777-98.

The Creature's story emphasizes the complex question of knowledge--how "strange" and contradictory it is to have, how "sorrow only increased with knowledge"--in ways that suggest it is drastically reductive to see in this novel only a warning against science.

Look at imperialism and empire from this perspective.

Students should explore this relationship.

Not quite wikipedia.

Wikipedia contributors, "Celestial Empire," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celestial_Empire&oldid=775632771 (accessed September 7, 2017).

Wasn't expecting this!

Mundy, B. "Spain and the Imperial Ideology of Mapping" in The Mapping of New Spain. Indigenous Cartography and the Maps of the Relaciones Geográficas. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1996

While Mundy’s approach to the production of maps in the Spanish empire centers on the figure of the king and his connection to territories near and far from him, she does so in order to exemplify the way man in 16th-century Europe positioned himself within the world. Through this view, for example, the maps serve as a way for Phillip II to legitimate his rule over the empire, especially in the New World territories.

Mundy's research questions explore why different/varied methods of representation were important in the 16th-century European context (i.e. choreographic vs. geographic maps), and how these translated into understanding space in New World from an Old World perspective.

In order to answer her main questions, she examines two mapping commissions ordered by Phillip II and carried out by Anton van den Wyngaerde and Pedro de Esquivel. She identifies the distinct methods of representation used by the artists taking into account the broader historical and geographical context that would eventually influence the way the territories in the New Spain would be represented, as happened with the creation of the Relaciones Geograficas in New Spain.

Mundy effectively help us understand the significance of mapping (along with the different methodologies of doing so) from a conceptual as well as a methodological point of view. Her analysis, as well as contextualization of the van den Wyngaerde and Esquivel maps offers a glimpse onto the conceptual frame that informed Europe’s initial understanding of the New World as part of the greater whole that was the Spanish empire. However, as she stresses the importance of the tangible nature of the lands (at least through maps), her visual examples become limited as she only provides an example of Esquivel’s work. It would have been very useful to compare it to the work of van den Wyngaerde (the distinction between choreographic and geographic maps remained unclear without a visual aid).

Mundy's contribution lies in prompting us to think about different ways of engaging with space, and what that engagement signifies within a given context (i.e. for Phillip II, engaging his New World possessions through visual representations of the maps legitimized his status as king given that he could not physically rule overseas, thus he still has control over this space).

“In both kinds of maps [van den Wyngaerde’s and Esquivel’s], man defines his relation to the world through his ability to measure it” (Mundy, 4)

Week 12 Video Lecture

Study Questions:

How is St Domingue divided by race and class?

What were Napoleon's plans for St Domingue?

Week 6 Video Lecture

Study Questions for this section:

What change occurs in the 1660s that dramatically affects the nature of slavery?

What was the Middle Passage?

How does the idea of race evolve with the evolution of slavery?

Week 5 Video Lecture

How does Bacon's Declaration reflect both his distrust of Berkeley's rule and his desire to wage war against Native Americans? Why does Bacon want to wage this war?

1) The goals of the Spanish were to build empires both secular and religious. The religious goals were to win people for Catholic church and the secular goals were to gain more power over the southern and northern america to have access to the wealth and gold.

2) The greatest killer was the smallpox diseases that almost erased human life which was spread through direct human contact. Other diseases that killed Native Americans were influenza, malaria, whooping cough, diphtheria, and measles. European also brought in large domestic animals such as sheep, cattle, pig, and horse and plants e.g corn, avocado, squash, pineapple, peanuts, potatoes, etc which was more nutritious than the wheat, rice, barley and oats that the Native Americans were used to consuming.

3) The Europeans claimed their right on claiming the land in America by the authority of the pope. Europeans also claimed to have conquered the native Americans and discovered the land. They claimed possession by occupying the land.

The above statement elicits that the Native Americans were thought of as mere worthless creatures who could be used as pleased by the Spaniards.

Study Questions:

How did Powhatan initially receive the colonists? Why?

How does tobacco change the colony?

How does the notion of race begin to change in the colony?

Study Questions:

How did Powhatan initially receive the colonists? Why?

How does tobacco change the colony?

How does the notion of race begin to change in the colony?

Study Question:

What were the reasons that England entered in the competition for empire in the Americas?

Before reading this text watch and annotate the following video lecture for this week. Make sure you can answer the study questions that will appear within the video:

The Growth of British North America video lecture:

Study Question:

What role did slavery play in Dutch attempts to establish empire?

Study Question:

What was the "Black Legend" and how did other European powers use it to justify their attempts to compete with Spain for empire in the Americas?

More info on the Treaty of Tordesillas

Study question

In what ways did the French presence in North America differ from the Spanish?

Study Question:

How do the colonies attempt to remain independent from the religious and political turmoil in England during the 1600s?

Study Question:

How do the colonies attempt to remain independent from the religious and political turmoil in England during the 1600s?

Week 3 Video Lecture: Collision of Cultures

Study questions:

How does internal tension in the Native American empires of the Americas aid Spanish attempts to create their empire?

What racial system is established by the Spanish in the New World? Why is it established and how does it operate?

Study questions for this section:

What roles do sugar and slavery play in the expansion of European empires?

What diseases devastate Native American peoples?