Cantu Ruiz had his head down the whole way, and he looked “culpable”
witness to car ride from lawrence to manhattan claiming husband looks guilty
Cantu Ruiz had his head down the whole way, and he looked “culpable”
witness to car ride from lawrence to manhattan claiming husband looks guilty
Dum intentus in eum sē rēx tōtus āvertit, alter ēlātam secūrim in caput rēgis dēiēcit;
While the king turned aside and was giving his full attention to the one (speaking) to him, the other having raised an axe brought it down on the head of the king;
Caput puerī dormientis, cui Servius Tullius fuit nōmen, multōrum in cōnspectū arsit.
The head of a sleeping boy, whose name was Servius Tullius, burst into flames in full view of many people.
Ērige tē deōsque ducēs accipe, quī dīvīnā flammā hoc caput clārum futūrum esse portendērunt.
Ērige… accipe = sg imperative
quī = the antecedent of the pronoun is "deos" (in the accusative), and the pronoun "qui" is in the nominative in its own clause
futūrum esse portendērunt = Tanaquil now uses the perfect tense (portendērunt) as the reporting verb, but the same infinitive, "futūrum esse". Because of the sequence of tenses, the infinitive must now be translated would be: [the gods] who, by the divine flame, foretold that this [i.e. Servius'] head would be distinguished.
Stand up and take the gods as guides for yourself, who by the divine flame foretold that this head would be illustrious.
Ea erat cōnfessiō caput rērum Rōmam esse, dē quō totiēns certātum erat
indirect statement w/ confessio as reporting verb, esse as infinitive and Roman as accusative subject
This was an acknowledgement that Rome was the head of things, about which so many times there had been strife.
More people than you would think believe that the blue checkmark = trustworthy. But all the blue checkmark really does is say that the person is who they say they are, that they are the person of that name and not an imposter. Your two-second “mirror and head-check” here is going to be to always, always hover, and see what they are verified for.
Important information on validating a source to see if the information provided can be trustworthy.
digital literacy needs to start with the mirror and head-checks before it gets to automotive repair or controlled skids. Because it is these simple behaviors, applied as habits and enforced as norms, that have the power to change the web as we know it, to break our cycle of reaction and recognition, and ultimately to get even our deeper investigations off to a better start.
I love his analogy and can understand his mission-like zeal. He provides such a clear explanation on how to make his suggestions into habits.
Your two-second “mirror and head-check” here is going to be to always, always hover, and see what they are verified for. In this case the verification means something: this person works for CNBC.com, a legitimate news site, and she covers a relevant beat here (the White House):
I was not familiar with this technique. Useful information (not that I use Twitter for information). The rest of the blog had excellent information on verifying source material.
This item comes in two sections. It’s essential that your urn/planter is located on a firm and level area to suit site conditions and loadings, especially if sited on a pedestal. Appropriate fittings and materials to secure all sections must be used at all times. The most important considerations for frosty and winter months are installation, drainage, and water expansion. A smooth solid and level base should always be in place when installing urns and planters. Take care especially to ensure water logging is avoided at all times to avoid frost damage. Accumulating moisture can be very destructive if it freezes. As water turns to ice, the volume increases expanding horizontally which eventually causes cracking. We cannot accept responsibility for cracking or breakage if these instructions are ignored. Please refer to our Maintenance & Installation page.
This item comes in three sections. It’s essential that Well head is located on a firm and level area to suit site conditions and loadings. Appropriate fittings and materials to secure all sections must be used at all times. The most important considerations for frosty and winter months are installation, drainage, and water expansion. A smooth solid and level base should always be in place when installing Well Heads. Take care especially to ensure water logging is avoided at all times to avoid frost damage. Accumulating moisture can be very destructive if it freezes. As water turns to ice, the volume increases expanding horizontally which eventually causes cracking. We cannot accept responsibility for cracking or breakage if these instructions are ignored. Please refer to our Maintenance & Installation page.
This Italian style container features simple circular mouldings and works well in both traditional and contemporary garden. The colour and texture closely resembles natural Portland stone which encourages desirable and spontaneous growth of mosses and lichens which increases its value as it weathers and ages.With the correct installation and maintenance, urns and planters can provide many years of enjoyment and tranquillity. Urns and planters that are to be used as plant beds need to have drainage holes. Please request at time of ordering. Please refer to our Maintenance & Installation page.
delete and replace with:
A unique and highly decorative well head inspired and derived from the classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. A wrought iron overthrow can be supplied separately colour and texture closely resembles natural Portland stone which encourages desirable and spontaneous growth of mosses and lichens which increases its value as it weathers and ages.
With the correct installation and maintenance, Well Heads can provide many years of enjoyment and tranquility. Please refer to our Maintenance & Installation page.
However, they are not implemented in CommonType.
Oh for the love of...
The bounding box values
Move this down to later in the document. Too early to talk about this now.
Jungle
Bannerman never explicitly states where this "jungle" is located. While the presence of tigers and her use of the word "ghi" suggests that the story takes place in India, her use of Black caricatures suggests that the characters may be African in origin.
Due to this ambiguity, later adapters have set their retellings of The Story of Little Black Sambo in India, Africa, and even the American South. In most cases, the creators' choice of setting directly influences how they racially portray the characters. For instance, books set in India, such as Fred Marcellino's The Story of Little Babaji (1996), typically depict the characters with stereotypical Orientalized clothing, like turbans and saris. By contrast, adaptations set in Africa, like John R. Neill's Little Black Sambo, frequently represent the characters wearing grass skirts (or even no clothing at all) and living in primitive grass huts. Finally, adaptations like Julius Lester and Jerry Pinkney's Sam and the Tigers (1996) shift the narrative to the American South.
However, some critics have argued that Bannerman deliberately made the setting of her book ambiguous in order to enhance the fantasy aspect of the story. Rosemary Dinnage writes, “The Sambo adventures… happen to never-never people in a never-never land that is neither India nor Africa nor--certainly--the American South; alas for Anglo-Indian Mrs. Bannerman, her head full of perfectly real exotic scenes, and real snakes and tigers, innocently coloring her figures black to suit the story” (84).

Anti-Racist Resources from Greater Good In response to the killing of unarmed black people by police, we gathered Greater Good pieces that explore our potential to reduce prejudice in society and in ourselves. By Greater Good | June 3, 2020 Print Bookmark Our mission at the Greater Good Science Center is to elevate the human potential for compassion. But that does not mean we deny or dismiss the human potential for violence, particularly toward marginalized or dehumanized groups. A demonstration outside the Minneapolis Police Fourth Precinct building following the officer-involved shooting of Jamar Clark on November 15, 2015. © Tony Webster, Black Lives Matter Minneapolis For centuries, African Americans and other communities of color have been subject to this physical and structural violence, denied their humanity and often their basic right to exist. That’s why we are gathering Greater Good pieces that explore our potential to reduce bias and contribute to racial justice. The science we cover reveals the considerable psychological and structural challenges we are up against. But it also gives hope that another world is possible. You can read our latest coverage on racism, diversity, and bridging differences—or start with the key articles below. We’ll continue to update this page with resources for individuals, parents, and educators. Click to jump to a section: Advertisement X Meet the Greater Good Toolkit From the GGSC to your bookshelf: 30 science-backed tools for well-being. –The psychological roots of racism –How to overcome bias in yourself –Confronting racism –Reducing bias in criminal justice –Building bridges –Resources for parents –Resources for educators –More anti-racism resources The psychological roots of racism Understanding Our New Racial Reality Starts with the Unconscious: Egalitarian goals can be undermined by deeply rooted implicit biases, says john a. powell. To address racial discrimination, we need to look inward. Look Twice: Susan T. Fiske has some bad news: Prejudice might be hardwired in our brains. But the good news is that we can still learn to override our prejudices and embrace difference. Racism Is Not a Mental Illness: Many people argue that racism must be a form of mental illness. What does the science suggest? The Psychology of Taking a Knee: The backlash against protests by Colin Kaepernick and other athletes raises scientific questions about body language, power, and group dynamics. Can Threats to Humanity Make Us More Prejudiced?: Research suggests that prejudice increases in the face of threats like climate change, recessions, and epidemics. How the Pandemic Divides Us: Physical distance protects us from COVID-19, but it also gives rise to some of the ugliest human tendencies. What’s Driving Political Violence in America?: Hate crimes are rising, and so is support for political violence. New research explores why—and what we can do to stop it. How to overcome bias in yourselfHow to Stop the Racist in You: The new science of bias suggests that we all carry prejudices within ourselves—and we all have the tools to keep them in check. The Egalitarian Brain: Research on the neuroscience of prejudice is revealing how the brain can overcome our fears and racial biases, reports David Amodio. How to Fight Racism Through Inner Work: Rhonda Magee explains how mindfulness-based awareness and compassion is key to racial justice work. How Mindfulness Can Defeat Racial Bias: There might be a solution to implicit racial bias, argues Rhonda Magee: cultivating moment-to-moment awareness of thoughts, feelings, and surroundings. How to Avoid Picking Up Prejudice from the Media: News, entertainment, and social media shape how we behave toward different groups of people. How can we limit negative influences? How to Beat Stereotypes by Seeing People as Individuals: We often judge people by their group membership—but research suggests other ways to see each other. Shared Identity How to encourage generosity by finding commonalities between people. Try It Now Confronting racism Why Telling Our Own Story Is So Powerful for Black Americans: Andrea Collier reflects on the role of storytelling in black American history—and in her own life. How Can We Stop Prejudice in a Pandemic?: Recent studies reveal how knowledge helps defeats prejudice in the face of a health crisis. Can the Science of Purpose Help Explain White Supremacy?: A sense of purpose makes us physically and psychologically stronger. But what if your purpose is hateful and destructive? Eight Ways to Stand Up to Hate: Hate crimes and hateful language are on the rise. What are you going to do about it? From Othering to Belonging: In a Science of Happiness podcast, we explore racial justice, well-being, and widening our circles of connection and concern. How to Sustain Your Activism: These three principles can help activists avoid burnout and continue working toward a better world. Reducing bias in criminal justiceCan We Reduce Bias in Criminal Justice?: Research explores how unconscious racial biases affect the criminal justice system, and how to mitigate those effects. How to Reduce Racial Profiling: Evidence says that implicit racial bias influences police in deciding which cars to stop. But there’s a better way, argues Jack Glaser. Three Ways to Reduce Implicit Bias in Policing: Can we correct for unconscious prejudice in law enforcement? Former police officer Tracie Keesee says yes. Can Police Departments Reduce Implicit Bias?: Oakland’s assistant police chief says that law enforcement must work hard to reduce implicit bias and create a new path for police-community relations. But the problem is not intractable. How Challenging Stereotypes Can Save Black Lives : When police stereotype African Americans, the results can be deadly. But new studies suggest ways to help all of us see each other as complex human beings. Bridging Differences Playbook Learn research-based strategies to promote positive dialogue and understanding Read It Now Building bridgesWhat Makes a Good Interaction Between Divided Groups?: Intergroup contact can help bridge divides, under certain conditions. What Happens When You Tell Your Story and I Tell Mine?: Sometimes, empathy isn’t enough. New research reveals how taking and giving perspectives can help us to bridge our differences. Five Ways to Have Better Conversations Across Difference: It’s not easy, but we can find common ground in difficult conversations. Thoughts on Awkward Relationships and Bridging Divides: In a Science of Happiness podcast, comedian W. Kamau Bell discusses the challenges of finding common ground, even with people in your own family. What Will It Take to Bridge Our Differences?: Here are some core insights from the GGSC’s virtual summit on dialogue and understanding across our differences. Resources for parents How Adults Can Support the Mental Health of Black Children: Psychologist Riana Elyse Anderson explains how families can communicate about race and cope with racial stress and trauma. Rubbing Off: Allison Briscoe-Smith explains how kids learn about race—and how their parents can help them make sense of difference. How to Talk with Your Kids about Donald Trump: Trump is creating fear and confusion in children, especially kids of color. Here are three suggestions for talking with kids about race and racism in the media. How to Read Racist Books to Your Kids: Should parents ignore or excise racist imagery in children’s books? Jeremy Adam Smith offers another way, guided by research. How Adults Communicate Bias to Children: A new study suggests preschoolers can “catch” prejudice from grown-ups through nonverbal behavior—and it hints at solutions. Five Ways to Reduce Racial Bias in Your Children: How do we combat racial prejudice? New research reveals how parents influence the formation of bias in children. How to Raise Kids Who Are More Tolerant Than You: How can we avoid feeding hate and distrust in our children? Helping Kids Process Violence, Trauma, and Race in a World of Nonstop News, from Common Sense: A conversation with Drs. Allison Briscoe-Smith, Jacqueline Dougé, and Nathan Chomilo. Resources for educators Resources to Support Anti-Racist Learning: Read a message from the Greater Good Education team along with articles, books, practices for teachers and students, organizations to follow, and other resources to support anti-racist educators. More anti-racism resources Our Mental Health Minute: A video series created by psychologists Riana Anderson and Shawn Jones to provide mental health resources for the black community. Campaign Zero: Research to identify effective solutions to end police violence, provide technical assistance to organizers leading police accountability campaigns, and support the development of model legislation and advocacy to end police violence nationwide. The Association of Black Psychologists: An organization seeking the liberation of the African Mind, empowerment of the African Character, and enlivenment and illumination of the African Spirit. NAACP Coronavirus Resources: A wide-ranging list of pandemic resources for the black community from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Black Lives Matter: A global organization that campaigns against violence and systemic racism toward black people. Othering & Belonging Institute: Brings together researchers, organizers, stakeholders, communicators, and policymakers to identify and eliminate the barriers to an inclusive, just, and sustainable society in order to create transformative change. The Equal Justice Initiative: Committed to ending mass incarceration and excessive punishment in the United States, to challenging racial and economic injustice, and to protecting basic human rights for the most vulnerable people in American society. Official George Floyd Memorial Fund: Fund established to assist the children and other family members of George Floyd as they seek justice. Official Justice for Breonna Taylor Memorial Fund: Fund established to support the friends and family members of Breonna Taylor as they seek justice for her murder. Anti-racism resources for white people: A compilation of books, podcasts, articles, and other media to help white people, particularly parents, better understand racism, their own role in it, and what they can do to help dismantle it Get the science of a meaningful education delivered to your inbox. Submit About the Author Greater Good Greater Good magazine turns scientific research into stories, tips, and tools for a happier life and a more compassionate society. You May Also Enjoy Why Telling Our Own Story Is So Powerful for Black Americans By Andrea Collier February 27, 2019 How Inequality Can Make Wealthy People Less Cooperative By Jill Suttie September 23, 2015 How the “Strong Black Woman” Identity Both Helps and Hurts By Kara Manke December 5, 2019 What Inequality Does to Kids By Diana Divecha December 1, 2015 How Unequal Discipline Hurts Black Students By Carrie Spector February 6, 2020 White Racism May Hurt the Health of Both Whites and Blacks By Yasmin Anwar September 8, 2016 Comments // DISQUS var disqus_shortname = 'greatergoodscience'; var disqus_identifier = 7132; // for Raising Happiness, we can't always use the entry ID but for other items, we can. var disqus_title = "Anti-Racist Resources from Greater Good"; (function() { var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true; dsq.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq); })(); Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="http://disqus.com/?ref_noscript=greatergood">comments powered by Disqus.</a>
Share this with LS 121 class.
In addition, children with special needs should be in school to benefit from in-person therapy, says Domenech, the head of the Superintendents Association. “School districts should consider prioritizing in-person learning for children who need it the most. This can include children in K-third grades, for whom remote learning is less effective than for older children.”
I specifically work with special needs students and they do need the structure and in class teaching to learn.
Catherine Senior, head of understanding climate change at the Met Office Hadley Centre, said more studies and more data were needed to fully understand the role of clouds and aerosols. “This figure has the potential to be incredibly alarming if it is right,” she said. “But as a scientist, my first response is: why has the model done that? We are still in the stage of evaluating the processes driving the different response.”
It's correct to have included this statement from a leading authority on the new models, but the headline and opening sentence of the article do not reflect the caution given here.
Benignē ā Gabīnīs exceptus in cōnsilia pūblica adhibēbātur, et dēnique dux lectus est
Being received kindly by the Gabines he was admitted into their councils of state, and in the end was chosen as their head.
The quickest that a vaccine has been developed is the Ebola vaccine branded Ervebo that was granted an approval by the USFDA only last year, four years after the dreaded disease reared its head in parts of west Africa.
Lots of difficulties
after Telephos had been brought up in Greece, he came as an adult at the head of a troop of Greek soldiers - potential founders of cities - to Mysia.
q17
Harry Washington: A Slave's Quest For Freedom Taken from your homeland along the Gambia River in Africa, you've lived the hard life of a slave in Virginia for some 15 years. Enduring hard physical work as well as house duties and chores, you tried unsuccessfully to escape once before being returned to your owner, George Washington. In July 1776, your owner is now fighting for the Patriot cause as head of the Continental Army, but you, Harry Washington, haven't given up on the idea of freedom. The Revolution should not only be the concern of free white men...
This is a Sutori story under the Higher Education - American Revolution Unit. The timeline follows what appear to be quotes taken from a journal belonging to Harry Washington. There are also references to vocabulary of the time period and information of the current events.
What letter is represented by the head of an ox?
The letter aleph , for instance, is represented by the head of an ox, which is called aleph in this western Semitic language. Carthage. Fact and Myth : Fact and Myth, edited by Roald Docter, et al., Sidestone Press, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/brooklyn-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4392740. Created from brooklyn-ebooks on 2020-06-12 11:18:17.
Who was the head of the family? Who could take on this role?
The father was the head of the family, and had absolute power over and ownership of family property. Nabataean funerary inscriptions confirm this, since the father, as the owner of the tomb, names those persons who had the right to be buried in it. In many cases he gives this right to some persons and prevents others from having i
Human Resource is a part that has changed step by step. Everything from an individual’s examination, the recruiting procedure to programming frameworks, has developed. Since HR patterns continue transforming, it is fundamental for you to keep awake to-date on the present patterns. Throughout the previous 10 years, the consideration of HR has been on worker fulfillment and representative commitment. Today, there are a few instruments just as must-have assets that help you to fabricate an illuminate HR culture. The following are seven developing HR trends. Audit Culture & Ceaseless Input One of the most anticipated HR patterns is the way of life of audits and ceaseless input in the working environment. The techniques that individuals use to give criticism have changed throughout the years. As an HR chief or an administrator, you should concentrate on improving your specializations by giving continuous and productive input. As indicated by a few examinations, most workers would incline toward constant audits or input rather than the yearly execution surveys. This is on the grounds that the training encourages them to know where they may be turning out badly, and offer them an opportunity to address themselves before the yearly assessment. They don’t need to trust that a year will realize where they turned out badly. Ceaseless criticism will likewise enable the association to develop and stay away from huge losses. Review Culture & Continuous Feedback We have come to discover that activity fulfillment and execution go together. Both appear to create whenever representatives have a chance to investigate their inventiveness. Most driving endeavors apply this information to offer the development of their workers. By creating frameworks that gauge and furthermore oversee execution, you can have the option to accelerate development and notice the noteworthy change. It is indispensable to elevate the solid execution of the executive hiring to both individual-level and hierarchical level on the off chance that you need your organization to succeed. Digitized Prizes & Acknowledgment Probably the best spark for most workers has been getting applause and acknowledgment from their chiefs. Each individual anticipates that the pattern should progress. We as a whole plan to see digitized prizes and acknowledgment. Consequently, to make your representatives beneficial, advanced acknowledgment is a pattern you have to execute. Another HR pattern expected is shared acknowledgment. Start by utilizing the social stages and offer a reasonable stage for your representatives to perceive and remunerate their commitment. HR Bots (AI Driven HR) Another intriguing HR pattern to the center is AI-driven HR. Despite the fact that it isn’t required to dispense with the standard human HR, it will change and help to investigate the information. It will likewise aid the essential redundant HR assignments. At the point when you utilize Artificial knowledge in selecting the workforce, you will have the option to kill inclination. It will assist with getting to the competitors dependent on their requirements without partiality. Learning the Executives Frameworks The requirement for aptitudes advancement is significant for every one of your representatives regardless of which phase of the profession they are right now. Steady learning is required to be among the most well known and developing HR inclines. It is basic for any association that needs to develop to give learning chances to all representatives. Through learning, your representatives can have the option to improve their abilities and have the option to give the best while working. Your association can have to learn the board frameworks that will assist you with checking and track your workers learning process precisely, and furthermore help to advance cooperation between different offices in your organization. Increment in Low Maintenance Business & Unexpected Workforce The Board In most progressive nations, there is a standard pattern where in excess of 40 percent of representatives are being employed on an unforeseen premise. This implies you have to become familiar with your workforce structure and whether you can reevaluate organizing it. You have to learn and comprehend the sort of frameworks and advances that can be actualized in your association. Despite the fact that it isn’t down to earth for any association to receive another workforce structure in a flash, it is fundamental to know about the rising HR patterns. Remember that your workforce is the most basic resource in your association. Utilization of Online Expertise Evaluations Online evaluations have likewise gotten progressively famous as a successful ability to the executive’s device. Representative evaluation is not, at this point pretty much agreeing to an association’s rules. It is presently an indispensable piece of the executive system. In the present profoundly serious worldwide economy, an association must have a grasp of what precisely the workforce knows, or doesn’t have the foggiest idea. Online appraisals including tests, overviews, tests, and tests have been utilized to alleviate the dangers of depending on negligible self-evaluation. Wellness & Health Applications to Create Representative Commitment Another essential HR functions pattern that most associations are required to concentrate on is wellness and wellbeing applications. Most organizations nowadays are concentrating on making life and work balance. In the event that you need your representatives to be beneficial, and to have the option to assemble a practical workforce, you have to adjust work and life. To accomplish this target, you can present health and wellness application for your workers. The applications will assist with making harmony between their expertise and their own lives. For instance, your representatives can approach dietary directing, yoga, and work and life advising among numerous others. From People Analytics to Analytics For The Individuals An absence of trust can impact numerous workforce investigation endeavors. On the off chance that the emphasis is fundamentally on productivity and control, workers will question if there are any advantages for them. In general there is a move to more worker driven associations, albeit now and again you can question how real the endeavors are to improve the representative experience. Posing the inquiry: “By what method will the representatives profit by this exertion?” is a decent beginning stage for a great many people examination ventures. It additionally assists with making purchase in, which turns out to be progressively significant. Simply estimating the “disposition” of workers, and other key individuals markers (efficiency, residency) doesn’t really carry advantages to representatives. It may really reverse discharge: workers feel that they are controlled, and their voice isn’t heard. Learning In the Progression of Work It has any kind of effect if a representative must look effectively for a learning module that the individual needs, or if that the small scale learning module is offered at a suitable second in the work process, in light of on-going perceptions of the conduct the worker. In the event that there is a gathering with organization X in your journal, your own learning help may ask: “Would you like to study organization X?”. In the event that you are stuck in structuring a troublesome Excel large scale, the Excel chatbot asks you: “Would I be able to assist you with designing the full scale?”. On the off chance that you have a gathering planned with a representative with a low presentation rating (the PC gets this data in the HRIS), you are offered a short module “how to manage to fail to meet expectations workers”. During your online deals call, you get recommendations in your screen on the most proficient method to improve the discussion (“Ask a few inquiries”, “Attempt to close”), and thereafter your discussion is contrasted and top tier models, bringing about some learning focuses. Comprehensive authority The desires workers and different partners have of authority, are frequently excessively high. Frequently you hear: “Change needs to begin at the top”, and “Pioneers need to show others how its done”. These kinds of articulations can be deadening. On the off chance that workers are sitting tight for directions from the top and get debilitated if their pioneers are not immaculate people, associations will be in an awful shape. Changing initiative into progressively comprehensive administration can be gainful to associations. Comprehensive initiative has been centredaround the attributes of the comprehensive head. It is additionally about the attributes of the association and the way to deal with initiative turn of events. I despite everything see numerous administration improvement educational plans that are develop customarily: a restrictive program for the best, a program for centre administrators and the leader program for high possibilities. Set-ups like this don’t strengthen comprehensive authority. Time for HR to start new methodologies. Efficiency In the most recent years, there has not been a great deal of spotlight on efficiency. We see a moderate change at the skyline. Generally, limit issues have been fathomed by enlisting new individuals. This has prompted a few issues. I have seen this multiple times in quickly developing scale-ups. As the development is constrained by the capacity the find new individuals, the choice rules are (regularly unknowingly) brought down, the same number of individuals are required quick. These new individuals are not as gainful as the current group. Since you have more individuals, you need more directors. Lower quality individuals and more administrators brings down profitability. Another methodology is, to concentrate more on expanding the profitability of the current representatives, rather than recruiting extra staff, and on improving the choice measures. Utilizing individuals examination, you can attempt to discover the qualities of top performing individuals and groups, and the conditions that encourage top execution. These discoveries can be utilized to build efficiency and to choose competitors that have the attributes of top entertainers. At the point when profitability expands, you need less individuals to convey similar outcomes. Corporate & Representative Activism Numerous associations are still deep down centered. The key inquiry is more “How might we take care of our issues?” than “how might we take care of issues in our general public?”. Taking responsibility for corporate social duty can be more than offering representatives the chance to do great on one day out of every year. Research by Povaddo indicated that the greater part of those working in America’s biggest organizations feel that corporate America needs to assume a progressively dynamic job in tending to significant cultural issues. There are sufficient issues to handle. Representatives are eager to contribute. HR can assume a significant job in encouraging and invigorating corporate/representative activism. Main concern While no individual can determine what HR patterns 2018 will offer, specialists and various examinations focuses towards representative fulfillment and advanced devices. In any case, one thing to be certain is that innovation will affect the HR office, and how they work. To remain on top of things, you should begin setting up your association at the earliest opportunity. Be that as it may, however the above HR patterns guarantee astounding occasions ahead, you ought to be mindful.You ought to think about computerized instruments as a help for your association procedures, and not for them to drive your association completely. It is urgent to be open and adaptable before grasping new innovations to help your HR office. Likewise, don’t dismiss the master plan in view of the accessibility of apparatuses and rising patterns. You have to learn, comprehend, break down and counsel generally before responding to any of the rising patterns. For instance, AI is a phenomenal device that is the eventual fate of HR and different offices. Notwithstanding, you have to become familiar with the advantages and the issues that can’t be unravelled by the Bots. Today, the HR office is not, at this point a help work. Henceforth, it is important to have appropriate framework this basic office
HR Practices are very essential for your business to organize your business. In this article, we bring you top 10 Trending HR Practices In Organization.
“making little movies in sound.”37 A
That is exactly what they did, I find that music is more than just sound. Music paints a picture in the listeners head.
My father rapped his knuckles on top of my head. “You are, of course, aware of the current situation? Aware of East Pakistan’s fight for sovereignty?” I nodded, unaware of the situation. We returned to the kitchen, where my mother was draining a pot of boiled rice into a colander. My father opened up the can on the counter and eyed me sharply over the frames of his glasses as he ate some more cashews. “What exactly do they teach you at school? Do you study history?Geography?”“Lilia has plenty to learn at school,” my mother said. “We live here now, she was born here.”
From this statement, I wonder whether Lilia has received a good education or not because as we can see, there are two views from her parents. The first one is from her father when her father thinks that Lilia does not know much about her own life especially her Indian culture. On the other hand, her mother undoubtedly feel that Lilia has an amazing education since she learns about American history and she also does not need to study in a bad condition as before.
Major Beamish, Bert’s father, was head of the Royal Guard.
What does it say that Bert, ostensibly one of the safest people in the kingdom, is having nightmares? And in such a happy little kingdom....
Children have a right to good stuff thatmakes them happy
I believe in this completely. Yes, children should have the right to things that make them happy. I know all our thoughts head to "toy" but that just isn't always it. Happiness stems from so many different subjects. Just being with family, friends, having a healthy life and positive thoughts. Every child deserves to be happy. And it's the adults job to make that happen. Something many adults forget.
along the Wadi Tumilat joined the river to the head of the Red Sea.
Is a canal that links the Nile with the Red Sea. It was also known as the Canal of Pharos.
Running the administration, the levy of rents and taxes, economic concerns and matters of law and order form the regular stuff of government
The King was the head of the governmental system.
As the use of robotics has ramped up over the last 50 years, the notion that robots are taking human jobs has persisted, whether accurate or not. Much of the public still envisions a future with very little human labor, while other industry experts are skeptical. A new study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology tackled this topic head-on, seeking to find out how many jobs robots actually replace. The MIT study, covering 1990 to 2017, found that the U.S. added one additional robot for every 1,000 workers, lowering the country’s employment-to-population ratio by approximately 0.2%. The study noted that certain areas of the U.S. were affected far more than others. In simpler terms, the study found that each additional robot added in the manufacturing space replaced about 3.3 workers in the U.S. on average. Additionally, the study found that the rise of workplace robots lowered wages by about 0.4% during the timeframe.
head
Hear we see that Sly didn't want the kids there and the lady named Delilah let the kids in because the other chimps didn't mind. Sly is also aware that he is not like the other chimps. He talked about the implant in his head, so I'm thinking that that it helps him think of focus
metal
Metal in his skull gives the idea of where the "robot" part of him is. Maybe he has a chip in his head or something like that?
One thing that instantly annoyed me about Messenger Kids is that there are so many distractions from the core features of messaging and video calls. There are filters, stickers, and mini games (like spinning to choose a llama head during a video chat… go figure… kids love it!). My 6 year old is SO drawn to these features as are her friends. So far, this is their main interest during video calls. They don’t talk very much. They just play. Initially, I kept prompting in the background, “ask them what they’ve been doing”, “stop playing with the effects and talk!” Then I took a step back and thought, this is what they want to do. This is play. They’re only 6/7 and if they were playing together in the same room, they probably wouldn’t be sitting chatting about what they’ve been up to. They’d probably be playing in a way that’s sometimes hard for adults to understand. So my way of thinking now is that it’s okay. Maybe the novelty won’t last. However, when my daughter is talking to her grandparents, for example, I’m insisting that she talks rather than simply playing with the effects. It’s about changing your interactions to suit who you are communicating with; a vital lesson for both online and offline encounters.
I really liked your point Kathleen about play and how students interact online.
In April, blood clots emerged as one of the many mysterious symptoms attributed to Covid-19, a disease that had initially been thought to largely affect the lungs in the form of pneumonia. Quickly after came reports of young people dying due to coronavirus-related strokes. Next it was Covid toes — painful red or purple digits.What do all of these symptoms have in common? An impairment in blood circulation. Add in the fact that 40% of deaths from Covid-19 are related to cardiovascular complications, and the disease starts to look like a vascular infection instead of a purely respiratory one.Months into the pandemic, there is now a growing body of evidence to support the theory that the novel coronavirus can infect blood vessels, which could explain not only the high prevalence of blood clots, strokes, and heart attacks, but also provide an answer for the diverse set of head-to-toe symptoms that have emerged.Every Covid-19 Symptom We Know About Right Now, From Head to ToeThe most perplexing things about a disease that has proved vexing, deadly, and ‘unprecedented in many ways’elemental.medium.com“All these Covid-associated complications were a mystery. We see blood clotting, we see kidney damage, we see inflammation of the heart, we see stroke, we see encephalitis [swelling of the brain],” says William Li, MD, president of the Angiogenesis Foundation. “A whole myriad of seemingly unconnected phenomena that you do not normally see with SARS or H1N1 or, frankly, most infectious diseases.”“If you start to put all of the data together that’s emerging, it turns out that this virus is probably a vasculotropic virus, meaning that it affects the [blood vessels],” says Mandeep Mehra, MD, medical director of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center.In a paper published in April in the scientific journal The Lancet, Mehra and a team of scientists discovered that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect the endothelial cells that line the inside of blood vessels. Endothelial cells protect the cardiovascular system, and they release proteins that influence everything from blood clotting to the immune response. In the paper, the scientists showed damage to endothelial cells in the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and intestines in people with Covid-19.“The concept that’s emerging is that this is not a respiratory illness alone, this is a respiratory illness to start with, but it is actually a vascular illness that kills people through its involvement of the vasculature,” says Mehra.
How can techniques like mindful context switching, asynchronous communication, and mindful breaks help me with my work?
Mindful Context Switching - It happens very often that I have up to 3 or 4 tasks on my plate at a time. 1 or 2 I've defined for myself and another two that come in from requests in the company. With mindful context switching, I can try to dedicate chunks of time to each task, where I completely focus on that task, get some work done, then move onto another task for another chunk of time. This way, I'm as efficient as possible on each given task for a given window. That way I don't have the other tasks hanging over my head waiting for me to get to them. I've put the tasks in a queue of sorts, which will allow me to manage them more effectively.
Asynchronous Communication - Turning Slack notifications off maybe? Setting windows within which I will respond to people on Slack. I'm not sure how well this would work out though. How do I handle situations where I need to have a conversation with someone on Slack? I'll need to think about this more.
Breaks - This is straightforward. Set up chunks of time to work, then take short breaks in between those chunks. Refresh your mind, relax a bit, then continue working.
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So, what is a stringout? Simply put, a stringout is a sequence of shots that a Story Producer assembles and gives to an Editor to serve two purposes; 1) to give the Editor a “head start” on getting through the raw material that has been shot, and, 2) to give the Editor a “road map” on what the story of a specific scene should be.
String out.
health for his head-gems
In this line, we see the author compare the blind man's eyes to "head-gems" through metaphor. Like a gem inlaid in a crown, the eyes are inlaid in the skull and are thought to be the "mirrors of the soul"
But God is He having the head of the Hawk
cf. Dante's paradiso
has been about sequestering students apart from a situation of learning and resources that would allow them to apply those resources to a problem. The intent has been to isolate and identify stuff in the head that stands apart from the world,
sequester? I don't think I get this. implication that educators take people away from real life situations on purpose. but i think it's really hard to come up with real life situations
It certainly looked like one. Metal bookshelves lined the room, topped with brightly colored banners designating genres—science, adventure, animals. Schoolchildren flitted from section to section, giggling as they went. A person dressed from head to toe as Clifford the Big Red Dog, the star of a well-known Scholastic-made book series, waved his fluffy red paws enthusiastically.
书展的细节
GitHub
why don't just just show the script tag to embed Hypothesis in any website. No need to "head to Github" to spend more time, hassles etc.
Pandemics have historically shaped the world of work in various ways. With COVID-19 presenting as a global pandemic, there is much speculation about the impact that this crisis will have for the future of work and for people working in organizations. In this article, we discuss 10 of the most relevant research and practice topics in the field of industrial and organizational (IO) psychology that will likely be impacted by COVID-19. For each of these topics, the pandemic crisis is creating new work-related challenges, but also presenting various opportunities. The topics discussed herein include occupational health and safety, work-family issues, telecommuting, virtual teamwork, job insecurity, precarious work, leadership, human resources policy, the aging workforce, and careers. This article sets the stage for further discussion of various ways in which IO psychology research and practice can address the impacts of COVID- 19 for work and organizational processes that are affecting workers now and will shape the future of work and organizations in both the short and long term. This article concludes by inviting IO psychology researchers and practitioners to address the challenges and opportunities of COVID-19 head-on by proactively innovating the work that we do in support of workers, organizations, and society as a whole.
Many of these issues come to a head with the health apps which have been widely used in Asia and are gradually being introduced in Europe to track an individual’s health status.
Claim
Many of these issues come to a head with the health apps which have been widely used in Asia and are gradually being introduced in Europe to track an individual’s health status.
Claim
the pinery reached from Lake Winnipeg on thenorth to the westernmost headwaters of the Mississippi on thesouth. Eastward to the ocean, with the important inclusion of theupper Mississippi and its Wisconsin tributaries, the pine regiongenerally encompassed the basin of the Great Lakes and St. Law-rence system, with the addition of most of Pennsylvania. Thus atits Atlantic breadth, it stretched from the head of Delaware Baynorthward to the mouth of the St. Lawrence
Dimensions
I will discharge it in either your straw-colour beard, your orange-tawny beard, your purple-in-grain beard, or your French-crown-colour beard, your 350perfect yellow.
Again, Bottom is displaying his knowledge of acting. Hair, specifically beards, were dyed a certain color to integrate and represent the part or mood of the actor. This insight seems to either go completely over Quince's head or he completely ignores its value.
First, good Peter Quince, say what the play treats on, then read the names of the actors, and so grow to a point.
Bottom's lines display his fluency in all things acting. He knows how a play should be announced and how the actors should be given their parts. Bottom believes he is superior in his skills than these "mechanicals" who he thinks are less than fit to put on a play for royalty. It seems like Shakespeare is parodying earlier plays and styles through the character of Bottom. Keep an eye on that as you read this scene and the rest of the play. Especially when Puck sees him acting (poorly) and curses him with a Donkey head, and when their play is a flop and Bottom comes out of character to talk with Theseus mid-scene.
The shallowest thick-skin of that barren sort, Who Pyramus presented, in their sport Forsook his scene and enter'd in a brake 1045When I did him at this advantage take, An ass's nole I fixed on his head:
The dumbest one took a break when his scene was done and sat in the bushes. While he was in there, I put an ass' head on his head.
learn how to be a data steward or data ally. Help organizations proactively think about what data they collect and how it is governed after its collected. Help organizations get their collective head around all the data they possess, how they curate it, how they back it up, and how over time they minimize it.
ur lightweight Gem pumps also feature a convertible head for Presta or Schrader valves, and a patented high volume/high pressure air switch: use the high volume mode under 40 psi for quick inflation, then rotate the switch to the high pressure mode for easier pumping up to 100 psi
both
The entire plantation labor system and colonial social hierarchy was threatened; the situation came to a head when poor servants and slaves allied and attacked the elite classes during Bacon's Rebellion. After the system of indentured servitude proved unstable, planters turned increasingly to African slavery and began writing laws to divide Blacks from whites.
Here it is evident that the way people in power were able to remain and sustain their power was by making sure that others stayed below them. After learning about Bacon's Rebellion, it seems that power and economy are the main forces that resulted in lawful segregation separating blacks from whites. In a different point of view, it is also an honorable example of when people join together without concern for each others differences, can be so powerful and a threat to people of higher power which has been proven true throughout multiple courses of history. During this time, It is so sad that power was prioritized over the freedom of the people and that this issue only escalated for years to follow
if I cut my finger, I shall make bold with you.
He is saying that if he cuts his finger, he will use this servant to stop the bleeding. The attention has gone to his head a little bit.
And I do love thee
To be clear, Titania is enchanted by the potion from Puck that causes her to fall in love with the first thing she sees, which is unfortunately a man with a donkey head.
And kiss thy fair large ears, my gentle joy.
The love potion is potent enough that Titania is completely intoxicated with donkey head Bottom.
Think about entertainment as a method of control in The Hunger Games. How does the king’s method of administering justice relate?
The king, with his gruesume form of justice where you are punished guilty or inooceent and people watch this as entertainment. This is similair to the hunger games as the children are innocent and they still must die for entertainment. and even if they win they are still messed up in the head so they dont truly win. this is simlair to the kings justice. They are similar because both see the government scaring people into being good with loose, loose courts even if they are found innocent.
but, whenever there was a little hitch, and some of his orbs got out of their orbits, he was blander and more genial still, for nothing pleased him so much as to make the crooked straight and crush down uneven places.
THis sentence mean that he liked it when people fail because then he can get mad at them. This shows what kind of man he is as this makes it seem like is is a tyrant who is messed up in the head. Also if he is nicer when people fail because he can be mean to them later that means he is mad.
Until now Boris Johnson had nothing to fear from a four-times vanquished and demoralised foe, with a leader so discredited a plurality of his own voters tell YouGov he changed their party for the worse.
‘Until now’ = preposition used to mark change: introduces the reader swiftly into the present tense.
‘Four-times vanquished and demoralised foe’ = fricative noun phrase (head word: ‘foe’). Adjectives are dramatic, connotative of a great, one-sided battle.
Author’s opinion is again presented as fact: YouGov statistics are included as corroboration.
Until now Boris Johnson had nothing to fear from a four-times vanquished and demoralised foe, with a leader so discredited a plurality of his own voters tell YouGov he changed their party for the worse.
‘Until now’ = preposition used to mark change: introduces the reader swiftly into the present tense.
‘Four-times vanquished and demoralised foe’ = fricative noun phrase (head word: ‘foe’). Adjectives are dramatic, connotative of a great, one-sided battle.
Author’s opinion is again presented as fact: YouGov statistics are included as corroboration.
They head north, or, as Cummins’ often writes, to “el norte,” and italicized Spanish words like carajo, mijo, and amigo litter the prose, yielding the same effect as store-bought taco seasoning.
I thought this was a really funny analogy that captured entirely the lack of authenticity in her writing and how hard they tried to make it appear as so.
They head north, or, as Cummins’ often writes, to “el norte,” and italicized Spanish words like carajo, mijo, and amigo litter the prose, yielding the same effect as store-bought taco seasoning.
I thought this was a really funny analogy that captured entirely the lack of authenticity in her writing and how hard they tried to make it appear as so.
The moment that the case of the criminal was thus decided, doleful iron bells were clanged, great wails went up from the hired mourners posted on the outer rim of the arena, and the vast audience, with bowed heads and downcast hearts, wended slowly their homeward way, mourning greatly that one so young and fair, or so old and respected, should have merited so dire a fate.
So the bells would be clanged, and the audience would bow their head, sad that they lost someone in that way of punishment.
Solar EMR intensity incident upon a human body ranges normally between 8 and 24 mW/cm2 (depending on season, atmospheric conditions, geographical location, etc) while corresponding intensity from a digital mobile phone handset upon a human head during “talk” emission is normally less than 0.2 mW/cm2 (Refs. 6,12,13
Find the intensity
Who, he? I think the sun where he was bornDrew all such humours from him.
This has racist undertones. Iago is really getting into everyone's head about the things he doesn't like about Othello, especially factors no one can control. Othello's own wife shouldn't be making comments about his skin tone. Also, if he isn't the jealous type, why is she so worried about that handkerchief?
Structure of my page after adding the performance marks
Breaking out the CSS, JS and head tags, to time them all independently
By contrast, conservativism never dies. Whatever the economic or social changes going on, there is always someone to oppose them-- generally those whose wealth and attitudes were formed by the old system.
This is something Mark really struggles with. He cannot for the life of him get this grotesque image of a fat, monocled millionaire spitting on the poor as his model of a conservative out of his head, making a lot of his arguments fall a bit flat and appear a bit childish.
Each at the Head Level'd his deadly aime; thir fatall hands No second stroke intend, and such a frown Each cast at th' other, as when two black Clouds With Heav'ns Artillery fraught, come rattling on [ 715 ] Over the Caspian, then stand front to front Hov'ring a space, till Winds the signal blow To join thir dark Encounter in mid air:
Good epic simile.
Human Sample QuantificationsFigures 3A and 3B for quantifications of immunostaining on human donor pancreas sections, 7-10 islets were scored for each donor for each marker: non-diabetic (n = 6), autoantibody-positive (n = 6) and autoantibody-positive T1D (n = 6) and data are represented as mean ± SD of the donors (Figures 3A and 3B) or total islets scored in each group (Figure S3D). Each dot represents a donor for the plots in Figure 3. For donor information see Figure S3A.Figure S3C for quantifications of SA-βgal+ beta cells 15-20 islets were scored from two pairs of age-matched non-diabetic and T1D donors. Comparisons were made between the groups using unpaired, two-tailed T-test and considered significant at p < 0.05.Figure S3D the same data from Figure 3 is shown, except broken down showing each islet stained in the donor groups for each marker. Each dot represents an islet.General comments on IHC: Stainings for different markers were performed from sections cut from at least two different regions of pancreas (e.g. pancreas head, body, tail).
Now Gersiwaz, when he beheld the anger of the King, deemed that the time was ripe. He therefore gave a sign unto the men that held Saiawosh in bondage, and desired that they should slay him. And by the hairs of his head they dragged him unto a desert place, and the sword of Gersiwaz was planted in the breast of the royal cedar. But when it was done, and they had severed the head from the trunk, a mighty storm arose over the earth, and the heavens were darkened. Then they trembled and were sore afraid, and repented them of their deed. And clamour arose in the house of Saiawosh, and the cries of Ferangis reached even unto Afrasiyab her father.
This passage demonstrates that magnitude of Saiawosh in comparison to the surrounding universe, so to speak. The third sentence highlights this, as Saiawosh's death caused turmoil in weather, along with "the heavens", regardless of what religious ideology that one possesses, they are still experiencing the fallout from the killing of Saiawosh.
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreas sections were available from the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) collection of organ donor pancreases. Analyses were performed with five healthy control (HC), four nondiabetic autoantibody-positive (AutoAb+) subjects, and eight individuals with T1D for whom formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were available. All tissue processing procedures were conducted by the nPOD Organ Processing and Pathology Core in accordance with federal guidelines for organ donation and the University of Florida institutional review board. The case identification number, disease condition, patient clinical parameters, tissue histopathological scoring, and serum immunological testing data provided by the nPOD are listed in Supplemental Table 1. The institutional review board of IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (Milan Italy) approved all work reported. In situ hybridization was performed as previously described (36) to visualize viral RNA and CXCL10 RNA using the Quantigene ViewRNA technique based on branched DNA signal amplification technology, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A probe set containing multiple oligonucleotides was used, designed to hybridize to human CXCL10 (Quantigene probes, CXCL10 gene; NCBI reference sequence, NM_001565) Tissue sections from the pancreas head, body, tail, and duodenum were analyzed, depending on availability. Quantification of cells positive for each probe was performed within eight randomly chosen fields for section (magnification ×20). The percentage of positive cells examined was scored as 0 (negative), 1 (≤20 cells per field), 2 (20 to 40 cells per field), and 3 (>40 cells per field). All the analyses were performed in blinded fashion.
To meet with the men of the West, the spear-armed force of the foe! Can any make head and resist him, when he comes with the roll of a wave? No barrier nor phalanx of might, no chief, be he ever so brave! For stern is the onset of Persia, and gallant her children in fight.
If we look at this section in comparisson to the version translated by G. M. Cookson/The_Persians), we can see that the translators went in slightly different ways. In Cookson's version it shows the bravado of the Persians. It showcases how mighty they are. With Morshead, he translated it in a more modest light. He does say that no barrier nor phalanx, a reference to the style in which the Hellenistic people fought, can be so brave. Essentially they say the same thing, that Persia cannot be defeated by such a style of fighting, but Cookson seems to have the Persians boasting be more outright and less hidden in the meaning of the words.
Zach Long CC BY-NC-ND
Note: This rebuttal was posted by the corresponding author to Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.
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We are grateful for the reviewers’ appreciation and comments. We have tried to address all concerns, and believe that those changes have greatly ameliorated the precision and presentation of our findings. All of our responses are in green in this document, and so are the changes in the manuscript and figure legends.
Reviewer #1 (Evidence, reproducibility and clarity (Required)):
In "An asymmetry in the frequency and position of mitosis in the epiblast precedes gastrulation and suggests a role for mitotic rounding in cell delamination during primitive streak epithelial-mesenchymal transition", Mathiah, Despin-Guitard and colleagues study divisions during mouse gastrulation. They perform ex vivo culture, live imaging and immunostaining to observe the frequency and position of mitosis within the embryo as well as the destiny of daughter cells after their divisions. The find that divisions on the posterior side of the embryo tend to be more basally located and could contribute to cell delamination into the mesodermal layer. Authors also affect antero-posterior signaling by genetically preventing the migration of the anterior visceral endoderm, which leads to mitosis away from the apical side of the epithelium on all lateral parts of the embryo.
This study tackles a key developmental process which is poorly understood in mammals due to its concomitance with the implantation phase. Therefore, any carefully-made description of this process has the capacity to be eye-opening. This is potentially the case for this report, which provides nice images that most likely required skills and important efforts to obtain. The authors have written a clear manuscript with an interesting narrative. However, the quantifications are very poorly described, which makes it impossible for anyone to reproduce these results. I describe below a number of suggestions to clarify the quantifications, which is in my opinion a prerequisite to consider the conclusions from the authors.
Fig1: Authors describe differences in the formation of rosettes between the anterior and posterior sides of the embryo. The microscopy images and movies provided are overlaid with drawings from the authors but without this visual help, I, and I assume other readers, see more rosettes than highlighted and fail to see some of the rosettes that are marked. To avoid this subjectivity, a clear methodology is required. In the methods, the authors state: "For quantification, rosettes were manually annotated and counted on Z sections located 5 μm from the basal side of the epiblast." And that is all. What defines a rosette? How many cells need to share a vertex to be considered as part of a rosette? How long do they need to persist not to be considered as occurring by chance? What about cells part of multiple rosettes? Does the rosette organization need to be apical, basal or all the way? Having those clearly defined criteria would be essential for anyone else to reproduce this quantification and would also offer a much more comprehensive description of the phenomenon and allow for more powerful conclusions.
A rosette is defined as a multicellular transient structure composed of at least 5 cells converging to a central vertex. Practically, a region of interest where cell contours are in focus is determined on the Z-section located 5 mm from the epiblast basal side, which is easily identified as the epithelial architecture changes radically when one enters the visceral endoderm. Only rosettes that are visible throughout the epiblast layer, from the basal to the apical side, are counted. To ensure this, manual segmentation of all cells (for all Z plan acquired, from the basal plane to the apical side) contributing to a rosette was performed for lightsheet imaging. This is illustrated in Video 2. For confocal imaging, segmentation was annotated only at the basal plane, but visual verification that the rosette structure is persistent throughout the layer was performed. One cell could be part of several rosettes, and rosette events were counted even when visible only on one timeframe, but this was consistent for all embryo sides. Due to the time resolution of confocal imaging, rosettes could not be followed overtime. However, the time resolution of lightsheet imaging allowed observing rosettes lifespan and resolution. The protocol for image analysis has been better detailed in the results (lines 162-163) and the methods section of the revised version of the manuscript (lines 452-467, copied hereunder).
"Rosettes: For lightsheet imaging, embryos were dissected at E5.75. Images were acquired for 10 to 12 hours. Quantification focused on the first 20 to 30 frames (around 3 hours) to capture pregastrulation events and reduce the risk of bias from imaging. The rest of the frames showed that the embryo continued growing for several hours. Z-stacks from 4 sides were fused using Zeiss plugin for lightsheet Imaging. Images were then processed using Arivis Vision4D v2.12.3 (Arivis, Germany). Embryo contours were segmented manually on each Z-slice and time point, in order to adjust for embryo rotation manually if necessary. For each side of the embryo, Z stack was cropped to an average of 30 Z slices, from the basal side (5 microns from VE layer, which can be morphologically distinguished due to cell shape and membrane Tomato distribution) to the cavity, marking the apical side. Rosettes were identified and counted on Z sections located 5 µm from the basal side of the epiblast. Practically, vertices were systematically scanned to find those in which 5 cells or more met. Cells contributing to a rosette were then manually segmented on each Z-slice and time point by highlighting cellular membranes using Wacom’s Cintiq 13HD, to create a 3D reconstruction. For confocal imaging, rosettes were identified using the same method, and counted on Z sections located 5 µm from the basal side of the epiblast after visual verification that it was present throughout the Z-stack. For both techniques, presence of associated apical rounding was assessed for each vertex. Cells could contribute to several rosettes."
In addition, the data are given as "rosette/frame" and as "rosette/mm2". What is the point of giving both data, which are essentially the same? The frame is irrelevant. It would be more interesting to know how many cells there are in this area, as cell packing could be a determinant of rosette formation. "Rosette/mm2/min" is very confusing. It should state "rosette.mm-2.min-1" or "rosette/mm2.min".
Following this comment, we indeed chose to get rid of the data expressed as “rosette/frame”. Cells were counted in the area of the epiblast in focus to present data as number of rosettes normalized by the number of cells in the region of interest for both lightsheet and confocal microscopy data (described in results section lines 140 and 164). These measurements led to a similar conclusion, confirming that rosettes are more frequent in posterior epiblast. Difference in cell packing was indeed essential to rule out. We estimated cell packing as the ratio of cell number to surface area, and found it to be similar in posterior, anterior, and lateral sides of embryos at a given stage, which indicates that cell packing is not a determinant for difference in rosette frequency in this context. We discussed packing in the Results section (lines 169-173, copied hereunder).
"The cell number per surface area was similar on all sides, which indicates that the higher number of rosettes was not due to increased cell packing. Rosettes have also been identified in the chick PS (Wagstaff, Bellett, Mogensen, & Münsterberg, 2008), where they were proposed to facilitate ingression during gastrulation."
We modified the legend to use "rosette/mm2.min”.
On a conclusive note, I fail to understand how relevant the formation of rosettes would be. The authors should clarify this point.
Epithelial rosettes have been observed as common intermediates in numerous morphogenesis events. In particular cases, such as Drosophila germ band extension, or zebrafish lateral line development, the mechanisms of formation (planar cell polarity (PCP) and apical constriction, respectively) and resolution have been very well described. In the mouse embryo, anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) migration has been linked to PCP signaling-dependent rosette formation (Trichas 2012). In primitive streak (PS) formation, rosettes with actin-rich centers were described in the chick PS and found to be Nodal dependent (Wagstaff 2008 and Yaganawa 2011). Their mode of formation or resolution is currently unknown. Our observations confirm the findings in chick and highlight the presence of rosettes at an earlier stage, before PS can be identified. Interestingly, rosettes are enriched on the posterior side at the same time when Nodal signaling becomes asymmetric, leading to posterior restriction of basal membrane perforations (Kyprianou 2020). To progress towards understanding rosettes’ significance in the mouse gastrulation context, it would be interesting to study whether the distribution of rosettes is homogenous before anterior-posterior axis specification. Additionally, it would be important to assess whether random epiblast cells delaminate before PS formation, as observed in chick (Voiculescu 2014). We could not attempt those experiments so far, as we perform most experiments by two-photon microscopy, by which only one embryo side can be recorded at a time, and have no way to distinguish embryo orientation before AVE migration. A better understanding of rosette mode of formation and resolution, including the role of Nodal, would also be necessary to assess the importance of our observations. The technical evolution in mouse embryo imaging will probably permit solving those questions in the near future, through prolonged imaging with tracking of every cell fate (McDole 2018). We have tried to improve the discussion (lines 314-326, copied hereunder), and acknowledge the limitations of our findings to a description of a phenomenon without proven significance at this stage.
"However, since we observed a marked imbalance in rosette frequency as soon as the anterior-posterior axis was specified, it is possible that rosettes reflect increased epithelium fluidity in posterior epiblast, which is exposed to a distinct mechanical context, at the very beginning of PS morphogenesis. Indeed, a posterior shift in the distribution of basement membrane perforations was identified just after AVE migration, due to an asymmetry in Nodal signaling dependent metalloproteinase activity (Kyprianou et al., 2020). To progress towards understanding rosette formation significance in this context, it would be interesting to study whether the distribution of rosettes is homogenous before anterior-posterior axis specification, and to assess whether random epiblast cells delaminate before PS formation, as observed in chick (Voiculescu, Bodenstein, Lau, & Stern, 2014). As Nodal plays a major role in PS initiation, the presence and distribution of rosettes should be studied in models in which Nodal signaling can be tuned (Kumar, Lualdi, Lewandoski, & Kuehn, 2008)."
Fig2: I have essentially the same issue for bottle cells and delamination counting as for rosettes. In this case, there is nothing in the methods section.
We have added a paragraph to describe the mosaic analysis in the Methods section (lines 472-488):
"Mosaic: Embryos were recorded in a lateral position. As the proportion of GFP positive cells varied between mosaic embryos, normalisation was performed by dividing by the number of green cells in a given embryo. Anterior and posterior halves were defined by drawing a line perpendicular to the embryonic/extraembryonic boundary and passing through the distal tip. Bottle-shaped cells were identified as having a thin attachment on the apical surface (less than a third of the larger section), and the majority of the cell body located in the basal side. Quantification was performed both on the 3D rendering, and through navigating through the Z-stack. The same criteria where used on all sides of the embryo, and quantification was verified by two independent investigators. Delamination was defined as retraction of the apical process, and displacement of the cell body in the mesoderm layer, which could be identified because of the ubiquitous membrane Tomato labelling. Cell division was characterized by cell rounding followed by the appearance of daughter cells. Cell dispersion after mitosis was defined as absence of basolateral contact between daughter cells, which implies presence of at least one epiblast cell (more often 2 or 3) between daughter cells. Mitosis was considered “non-apical” when happening at least 10 µm away from the apical pole, hence not in the first pseudo-layer of nuclei lining the apical pole."
What defines a cell as bottle shape and not bottle shape (apical vs basal width for example)?
Bottle-shaped cells were visually identified as having a thin attachment on the apical surface (less than a third of the larger section), and the majority of the cell body located in the basal side. Quantification was performed both on the 3D rendering, and by navigating through the Z-stack. Due to the large variation in shape, no systematic measurement was performed. However, the same criteria were used on all sides of the embryo, and quantification was verified by two independent investigators. As proposed by Reviewer 2, those criteria would include scutoids with smaller apical surface, which explains why we observe bottle-shaped cells both on the anterior and posterior sides. In addition to Methods, we included a better description of the methodology in the Results (lines 196-200).
"The quantification of bottle-shaped cells was performed in 3D and through Z-stack navigation and included all cells with an apical section smaller than a third of the basal section. Some cells had a round basal cell body and a thin apical extension while others resembled the recently described scutoids performing apico-basal transitions (Gómez-Gálvez et al., 2018)."
Where does a cell need to be to be counted as delaminated (a distance needs to be stated, absolute (better) or relative)?
Delamination is defined as retraction of the apical process, and displacement of the cell body in the mesoderm layer. Using the ubiquitous membrane tomato marker we could easily distinguish the epiblast, mesoderm and visceral endoderm layers, notably through cell packing, morphology and arrangement. This was described in Results (lines 200-204).
"Asymmetrical cells were present on both sides, but more frequent on the posterior side, and cell delamination (retraction of the apical process and cell body shift in the mesoderm layer) only took place on the posterior side. Cells maintained an apical attachment until their basally located cell body had begun crossing the PS/mesoderm border, and only fully detached after delamination."
What defines sister cells as dispersing after division? How far apart do they have to be? After how much time? From the movies provided, the acquisition time seems to short to assess cell dispersal.
Cell dispersion after mitosis was defined as absence of basolateral contact between daughter cells as they extend towards the basal side, which implies intercalation of at least one epiblast cell (more often 2 or 3) between daughter cells. After cytokinesis was completed, extension and separation of daughter cells was visible in the next time point (after 25 min). The time resolution was thus sufficient to note that daughter cells were not adjacent, which is consistent with other studies (Abe 2018).
We have modified the Methods (copied above) and the Results section of the revised version of the manuscript (lines 213-217).
"Upon elongation of daughter cells to reach the basal pole of the epiblast, the majority displayed no basolateral connection between each other and were instead separated by intercalating epiblast cells, which would be expected to result in daughter cells dispersion over time, as described in (Abe, Kutsuna, Kiyonari, Furuta, & Fujimori, 2018)."
Fig3: Mitotic index calculation is described in the figure legend but not in the methods section. It should also be in the methods section and made explicit that the number of mitotic cells is normalized to green cells only, not the entire cell population. The mitotic index seems higher in this population than in the entire embryo as seen in Fig4.
The mitotic index (MI) was indeed calculated differently so numbers cannot be directly compared. MI identified for anterior and posterior epiblast is not statistically different from the ones found in Figure 4 for E7 embryos. In mosaic embryos, we do not have a way to delimitate the PS. In Figure 4, measurements of MI in the PS (delimitated by the area where the basement membrane is degraded) include cells that are destined to delaminate as wells as those that won't. In the mosaic embryos, MI is measured in cells that delaminate only, and is indeed higher. This represents a small population, which likely explains why it does not reach statistical significance and manifests as a trend.
We have fixed the Methods (see above) and Results (lines 222-228) sections.
"For systematic quantification, epiblast regions were defined as anterior or posterior by tracing a line passing by the distal pole and perpendicular to the embryonic/extraembryonic border, and GFP positive cells undergoing rounding were followed overtime (Fig. 3a-c). Although the frequency of cell division (normalized to the total number of GFP positive cells) was similar in anterior and posterior epiblast, there was a trend towards a higher division rate specifically in cells undergoing delamination to become mesoderm (Fig. 3d)."
What defines an exiting cell**?
An exiting cell is characterized by morphological remodelling, apical retraction, as well as the position of the cell body across the mesoderm/epiblast border visualized by the precise membrane Tomato labelling. It is now described in Methods and in Results (lines 201-204: " cell delamination (retraction of the apical process and cell body shift in the mesoderm layer) only took place on the posterior side. Cells maintained an apical attachment until their basally located cell body had begun crossing the PS/mesoderm border, and only fully detached after delamination".
Regarding the non-apical rounding, why not calling it basal rounding? How far from the apical side does a cell need to be counted as non-apical?
The reason for that denomination is that these so-called “non-apical mitoses” are not strictly basal either. Indeed, mitosis is considered “non-apical” when happening at least 10µm away from the apical pole, meaning that these mitoses do not occur within the first pseudo-layer of nuclei lining the apical pole. This is described in Methods.
In the panel h, with the posterior division outcome, is that for all divisions or only for non-apical divisions?
The panel (Fig. 3g, there was an error in figure labelling in the previous version) has been modified to better precise cell outcomes. It represents all posterior divisions, and quantifies the outcome according to the position of mitosis along the apical-basal axis of the cell. See Results, line 230-232: "Non-apical mitosis in the posterior epiblast was preferentially associated with EMT, as it resulted in formation of one or two mesoderm cells (Fig. 3g)."
Do basal divisions give rise to more epi?
No, non-apical divisions mainly give rise to mesoderm cells. Indeed, approximatively 66% of basal divisions give rise to two mesoderm cells, and 33% to an epiblast and a mesenchymal cell (Figure 3g). We never observed a non-apical division resulting in two epiblast cells.
Is epi or meso fate only determined by location in a different layer or are fate markers used?
Epiblast or mesenchymal fate was determined by both morphological and localization criteria. Epiblast cells have an apical and a basal pole. Mesoderm cells have no apical process, and display initiation of front-rear polarity often defined by the presence of nascent migration appendix. As stated before, membrane Tomato labelling allows exact distinction of germ layers.
What happens to the non-apical mitosis on the anterior side?
On the anterior side, the very few anterior non-apical mitoses only give epiblast cells (not shown).
Fig4: Methods state "For Phospho-histone H3 quantifications, sections were chosen at least 10 μm apart to ensure that each cell was only counted once, and counting was performed using the Icy software" and legend states "The PS region is defined by the area where the basal membrane (yellow) is degraded, and the posterior region quantification excludes counts from the PS region".
What about cells at the boundary between PS and non-PS regions? This needs to be extended and brought together in the methods section. **Also, the tissue architecture in the PS is not as well defined as in the rest of the tissue.
A cell was counted as being part of the PS region if at least 50% of its cell body (visual measuring) was within the area where the basal membrane is non-ambiguously degraded, and if the cell retained its attachment to the apical pole (cell contours were determined by F-actin detection using Phalloidin). The Methods section has been completed in the revised version of the manuscript (lines 490-501).
"Phospho-histone H3: For Phh3 quantifications, sections were chosen at least 10 mm apart to ensure that each cell was only counted once, and counting was performed using the Icy software (http://icy.bioimageanalysis.org). For sagittal sections, anterior and posterior regions were defined by drawing a line perpendicular to the embryonic/extraembryonic boundary and passing through the distal tip. For transverse sections, anterior-posterior boundary was placed at mid-distance between the anterior and posterior poles. The PS region was defined by the area where the basement membrane was degraded, and the posterior region quantification excluded counts from the PS region. A cell was counted as being part of the PS region if at least 50% of its cell body was within the area where the basement membrane was non-ambiguously degraded, and if the cell retained its attachment to the apical pole (cell contours were defined by F-actin detection using Phalloidin)."
Is the epithelial polarity clear enough to be determined without AB marker in the PS?
We considered that a cell retained its AB polarity if the cell extended to both apical and basal pole. Even if the pseudostratified epithelium architecture is complex, most cell contours could be delimited when navigating through the Z-stack.
Finally, the number of cells counted is missing. This has been fixed in the Figure legend.
Supp Fig5: based on available images of the Rac1KO embryo, I am not sure that epithelial architecture is established well enough to assess the location of mitosis along the apico-basal axis.
Indeed, the architecture of the Rac1 KO mutants is vastly altered. As a consequence, only a small number of Rac1 mutants in which we could delimitate the germ layers were analysed, and only the cells we could unambiguously locate were considered. The Rac1 VE-deleted phenotype, on the other hand, was not severe enough as there is only a partial AVE migration defect in most mutants (Migeotte et al., 2010). This is why we confirmed the data on AVE migration defective embryos by using the RhoA VE-deleted mutant, which has a strong AVE migration defect but retains good tissue architecture. We tried to increase figure clarity by annotating the embryo cavity as well as the embryonic/extraembryonic boundary. We also submit a less compressed version of the figures, which we hope will facilitate image analysis.
Reviewer #1 (Significance (Required)):
Although I am not as familiar with mouse gastrulation as I would like to be, I am familiar with gastrulation, live imaging and analysis. At this point, I find it difficult to discuss the conclusions of the study since the methodology is so unclear. Nevertheless, any carefully-made description of mammalian gastrulation has the capacity to be eye-opening. This is potentially the case for this report, which provides nice images that most likely required skills and important efforts to obtain.
We hope the changes we made help better understanding the methodology, and thank Reviewer 1 for positive comments and the help in identifying the points we had failed to properly describe.
Reviewer #2 (Evidence, reproducibility and clarity (Required)):
This manuscript, from Mathiah and colleagues, describes an in-depth analysis of differences in cell organization and division within the epiblast of the very early mouse embryo, and in particular, with the onset of gastrulation. Their data indicate a difference in the organization of cells between the anterior/lateral and posterior regions of the epiblast even before gastrulation has commenced, as well as differences in the location of mitoses relative to the apical and basal ends of the cells. The data provide new insight into the early regionalization of the epiblast. However, the authors should include reference to, and discussion of, the paper by Michael Snow on growth and regionalization of the epiblast (Snow MHL (1977) Gastrulation in the mouse: Growth and regionalization of the epiblast. J. Emb. Exp. Morph. 42: 293-303), where he did a much more fine-grained analysis of mitotic index across the entire epiblast, defining a proliferative zone in the anterior part of the primitive streak where the mitotic index was higher between E6.5 and E7.5. He also describes non-apical mitoses specifically in the primitive streak region as compared to all other regions of the epiblast. The results of the present study dovetail nicely with the results presented by Snow.
This was indeed a major oversight, and we apologize for it. The work of Snow identifies very nicely a proliferative zone in the anterior part of the PS. We did not comment on that as our study focuses on posterior PS. We included the reference in the revised version of the manuscript, and pointed the fact that he first described non-apical mitosis in the PS (lines 233-236).
"Remarkably, this concurs with the observation by Snow (Snow, 1977) that in the PS of E6.5 and E7 embryos, mitosis could be found at all levels of the tissue, including adjacent to the endoderm, while it was located at the apical surface of the pseudostratified tissue everywhere else."
Overall, this is a very nice study, but some revisions would help with clarity at certain points. The data on rosette formation are interesting, but it is not clear what an increase in rosettes in the posterior region means. The authors contend (lines 169-170) that this represents a dynamic epithelium primed for EMT, but it is not clear how rosettes facilitate or promote EMT, and especially why that would be seen at E5.75 before EMT has begun. An alternative interpretation might be that the shape of the epithelium may be changing and the packing of the epithelial cells has to change to accommodate this. We do know that the overall shape of the embryo changes from elongate medial-lateral to elongate anterior-posterior just as EMT is initiated (Perea-Gomez et al., (2004) Current Biology 14: 197-207) and it may be that changes in cell packing are required to accommodate this. The authors may want to consider whether the rosettes that they observed represent scutoids (Gomez-Galvez et al., (2018) Scutoids are a geometrical solution to three-dimensional packing of epithelia. Nat. Commun. 9:2960). An analysis of the 3-dimensional organization of the cells within the rosettes (i.e. at all Z levels) may shed some light on this.
Following on the comments by Reviewer 1 and 2, we quantified cell packing, and found it to be identical on all sides at a given stage. We have added a better description of rosette quantification (lines 169-172 and lines 452-470), a video showing 3D reconstruction of cells in a rosette (Video 2), and an extended discussion (lines 314-326) in the revised version of the manuscript. Some cells within the epiblast are indeed likely to be shaped as scutoids, some with an apical-basal asymmetry (lines 196-202). The reference was added to the manuscript (line 200).
Figure 2b,c and Figure 3a, a', b, c - Addition of dotted lines to indicate the apical and basal ends of the epiblast would be helpful in orienting the reader**.
We have added lines to indicate apical and basal ends of the epiblast.
Figure 2c' - what these graphs represent exactly is somewhat vague, and the figure legend is also very vague. In particular, the third graph on cell dispersion is not clear. Does this mean that the daughter cells are separated from one another following division? Or that they are in different compartments (epiblast/mesoderm) after division? A better description should be included in the figure legend.
Following on the comments by Reviewer 1 and 2, we have added a better description of cell dispersion in the Results (lines 213-217), Methods (lines 483-486) and figure legend.
Figure 3g would appear to show the proportion of the total number of posterior divisions that give rise to particular combinations of daughter cells (epi/epi, epi/meso, meso/meso). However, the discussion of this graph in the text (lines 215-219) suggests that it demonstrates that non-apical mitoses always result in meso/meso and epi/meso daughter cells, which it does not. That analysis would be very interesting to add to Figure 3, with the daughter cell types broken down into those coming from apical mitoses and those coming from basal mitoses.
The analysis was broken down as suggested, and has been added to the revised version of the manuscript (line 352, Figure 3g).
In Figure 4, it is not clear how anterior and posterior are defined, and what criteria were used to distinguish posterior from primitive streak. This is nicely demonstrated in Supplementary Figure 3 - maybe panels A and B could be included in Figure 4 to improve the clarity of the analysi**s.
We have better described the quantification methodology in the Methods section (lines 490-501), moved panel a from Supplementary Figure 3 to Figure 4a as suggested, and added an explanatory drawing (Figure 4b) to the revised version of the manuscript.
The data on mitotic index in Figures 2, 4, and 5 do not appear to be consistent. The mitotic index for E7.25 in Figure 2e is similar between anterior and posterior, even though the posterior includes the primitive streak, while the mitotic index presented for the three stages in Figure 4b would imply that the mitotic index for the entire posterior region should be higher than the anterior at all three stages. Similarly, in Figure 5a' and b', the mitotic index in anterior and posterior regions of E5.75 and E6.25 embryos are not significantly different despite the primitive streak being included in the posterior count, while the data presented in Figure 4 would imply that the entire posterior region including primitive streak should be much higher than the anterior. The authors should clarify this in the Results.
In Figure 2 and 3, the mitotic index (MI) is calculated as number of cell division among GFP+ cells divided by the total number of GFP+ cells, while in Figure 4 and 5 it is quantified as Phospho-histone H3+ cells per total number of cells (DAPI). We have clarified this in the revised graphs and legends of the novel version of the manuscript. Those numbers cannot be directly compared. Nonetheless, we found no statistical difference between the MI shown in Figure 3d, and the MI shown in Figure 4c third row (E7). In sagittal view, the PS area cannot be delimited, so we compared anterior and posterior regions, with the PS included in the posterior region, and saw no difference in MI. In transverse section, there was no MI difference when comparing anterior and posterior embryo halves. However, when we refined the analysis by defining the PS as the area where the basal membrane was degraded, a higher MI emerged specifically in the PS compared to anterior and posterior (not including PS) regions. This difference was thus lost by dilution when the PS area was included in the posterior region. We have also stated this distinction more clearly in the revised version of the manuscript (lines 269-271).
The data on non-apical mitoses in the RhoA-VE deleted (Figure 6) and Rac1ko embryos (Supplemental figure5) are not particularly compelling. It is hard to see the basal mitoses in the new AVE-opposed regions in the mutant embryos in the images presented. Perhaps the graphs in these two figures could have the AVE-opposed data broken down into two groups - the region that is posterior and the region that is anterior but not adjacent to AVE. Better images would improve the clarity of these data as well.
As explained in response to Reviewer 1, we have attempted to clarify the anatomy through annotation, and provide less compressed images. We agree that the embryos are altered. Nonetheless, especially in RhoA-VE deleted, the germ layers could be distinguished and non-apical mitosis identified through combining 3D analysis and navigation through the Z-stack. We honestly admit those are the best images we could get, and we believe that they allow to make the point that non-apical mitosis are only found in the area further away from the AVE.
Reviewer #2 (Significance (Required)):
The data on differential proliferation and apical vs. basal mitoses are complementary to data already published, but the present study updates the existing data by the addition of live imaging and 3-dimensional reconstruction of cell shapes, providing a more complete insight into the process. The observation that rosettes are detectable at the basal ends of the epiblast, and more so in the posterior, is novel, but the significance for embryonic development is not well rationalized.
These data are of interest to those investigating the mechanisms of early morphogenesis, as well as those interested in the cellular correlates of molecular regionalization that results from the well-described signaling pathways regulating axis specification.
My background is in early mouse embryo morphogenesis, therefore I feel that I have sufficient expertise to evaluate the data presented.
We thank Reviewer 2 for positive comments, and are grateful for the constructive criticism and important references.
\*Referees Cross Commenting***
I agree with Reviewer 1 on the lack of detail about the methods - my comments stemmed from the same confusion about how measurements were made, but Reviewer 1 more articulately addressed the key points. I agree with Reviewer 3 on the quality of the videos. It is very difficult to see how they could follow cells with a 20 minute interval.
I would like to address the comment by Reviewer 3 on the use of agarose in the imaging experiments. The methods section states that agarose was used to make the culture "chambers" used for light-sheet imaging, which was not the major approach used for imaging in this study. Only the data in Figure 1A came from those experiments, and it was validated by confocal data in 1B,C where the embryos were cultured in Ibidi chambers with culture medium and no agarose present. So I don't think agarose effects on embryo development are a major worry. Also, this same approach was used by Ryan Udan in Mary Dickinson's lab to visualize yolk sac vasculogenesis, and it did not appear to have a deleterious effect on development in that case, although the embryos imaged here were much earlier and are definitely differentially sensitive to culture conditions from those cultured at E8.
Reviewer #3 (Evidence, reproducibility and clarity (Required)):
This is an essentially descriptive study, looking at primitive streak formation and cell ingression from the epiblast in the mouse from about E5.75 to E7.5 or so using time-lapse microscopy (light sheet and confocal) of cultured embryos. The study also takes advantage of some genetically encoded reporters, some of them inducible by tamoxifen, which allow following cells, closer examination of their shapes, and in some cases unambiguous orientation of the embryos based on expression of the reporter. Overall the study is well designed.
I have two very major concerns about this paper - first, the culture system used in most experiments uses agarose, which has been found in several labs to affect normal cell movements and other cell behaviours. It is essential to determine that embryos cultured in these conditions develop normally for much longer than the period of imaging to ensure that the findings are relevant to normal development rather than an artefact. This is particularly important because mouse embryos develop rather poorly at peri-implantation stages with any culture method, and this one could make matters even worse.
Embryos were mounted into an agarose cylinder in which a tunnel had been created with a 150 microns wide copper wire. Embryos were mounted vertically, with the cone oriented on the bottom, to avoid restriction of growth at distal tip of the embryo. As embryos had a smaller diameter than the tunnel, they could comfortably grow without being restricted (Methods, lines 413-414). Although embryos could not been recovered after the long imaging period (12h), embryos similarly mounted in the agarose cylinder but not imaged were kept in culture, and showed normal growth compared to a free-floating embryo (Methods, lines 431-433). In addition, we focused on the first hours of imaging to reduce the risk of phototoxicity-induced anomalies (Methods, lines 453-455). Moreover, although we identified the asymmetry in rosette abundance through lightsheet imaging, we confirmed the finding through confocal imaging of free-floating embryos, and found similar results (Results lines 153-167, Figure 1b and c, Video 3).
While it has been reported that agarose can affect the development of chick embryos in culture, agarose has been a widely used culture matrix for live imaging particularly for lightsheet imaging in other organisms including drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. We thank Reviewer 2 (in cross-comments) for highlighting that in Udan et al., (2014), a report from Mary Dickinson’s lab, embryos are cultured in agarose “chambers” for lightsheet. Although some of the experiments in Udan et al., (2014) are performed at E8, this paper also focuses on pre-gastrulation mouse embryos as they culture E6.5 embryos for 24 hours, image from 5 view angles, analyze 572 z-slices representing half of the embryo (Fig5 and Fig6 Udan et al., 2014) and show no adverse effects.
The second concern is that for a paper that is almost entirely about time-lapse microscopy observations of live embryos, the movies are very poor. Although the images are generally good and the 3-d sequences/images from the light-sheet microscope sequences are quite impressive (and have good spatial resolution), the time resolution is extremely poor and the movies very short. It is largely impossible to follow cell behaviours or movements in these sequences.
Indeed, the time lapse between time points as well as the total duration of the acquisition is limited, especially when embryos are imaged by confocal microscopy. These measures were taken mainly to preserve the integrity of the embryo and thus ensure that growth conditions were the closest to optimal in vivo conditions. For rosette analysis, the 20 minutes interval was too long to follow rosette resolution, as stated in the manuscript. For mosaically labelled embryos, we quantified only the cells for which the fate and/or progeny could be identified without ambiguity, which was made easier as we chose a 4OH-tamoxifen posology that resulted in a low proportion of labelling. As both cell delamination and mitosis are relatively slow processes, this time resolution proved sufficient. Time resolution for lightsheet was 7 minutes, which is similar compared to other works on mouse gastrulation (such as Williams et al., 2012), and actually higher than most two-photon or confocal studies, including that of our previous reports (Migeotte et al., 2010, Saykali et al., 2019, Trichas et al., 2012) in which cell tracking could be efficiently performed. This high time resolution allowed following individual rosettes overtime (Sup. Fig.2c).
Reviewer #3 (Significance (Required))
The study focuses on cell shape changes and various processes that accompany ingression and reports that ingression may occur through a variety of different mechanisms that occur at the same time, including rosette formation, individual ingression of bottle-shaped cells, and larger population ingression events. This is very similar to what has been described in chick embryos (eg. Voiculescu et al. eLife 2014 - surprisingly this is not cited), although in rodents primitive streak formation occurs in the absence of large-scale movements of cell sheets. Basically there are no surprises in the findings either for mouse or in comparison with other species, but the study is OK in terms of contributing useful information about streak formation and function in mouse (if the above problems are fixed).
We thank Reviewer 3 for helpful comments and references. We respectfully disagree concerning the risk of bias due to agarose cylinder culture, as exposed above. Concerning the videos, we have provided less compressed videos to retain as much image quality as possible. Although it would evidently be better to have a higher time resolution and longer movies, we believe it is not a limitation for the events we study and describe as they can be reliably followed with the time resolution and observation length we provide. The reference to Voiculescu et al., 2014 is indeed important, we have added it to the revised version of the manuscript (line 324) and apologize for the oversight.
\*Referees Cross Commenting***
In response to reviewer 2: One issue with this is that one does not know whether there is a "deleterious" effect of the agarose on movements until one is sure that (a) one understands what the movements would look like without agarose and that there are no differences, and (b) (a serious shortcoming here) that embryos need to be shown to develop completely normally in those culture conditions WAY beyond the period of imaging. There are lots of observations by several labs (some unpublished of course, but some are published) suggesting that agar and agarose do interfere with cell movements. In chick for example the Chapman and Schoenwolf method where embryos are placed on agarose, there are always head defects due to impaired movements and the agarose interfering with tissue tensile forces.
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This is an essentially descriptive study, looking at primitive streak formation and cell ingression from the epiblast in the mouse from about E5.75 to E7.5 or so using time-lapse microscopy (light sheet and confocal) of cultured embryos. The study also takes advantage of some genetically encoded reporters, some of them inducible by tamoxifen, which allow following cells, closer examination of their shapes, and in some cases unambiguous orientation of the embryos based on expression of the reporter. Overall the study is well designed.
I have two very major concerns about this paper - first, the culture system used in most experiments uses agarose, which has been found in several labs to affect normal cell movements and other cell behaviours. It is essential to determine that embryos cultured in these conditions develop normally for much longer than the period of imaging to ensure that the findings are relevant to normal development rather than an artefact. This is particularly important because mouse embryos develop rather poorly at peri-implantation stages with any culture method, and this one could make matters even worse.
The second concern is that for a paper that is almost entirely about time-lapse microscopy observations of live embryos, the movies are very poor. Although the images are generally good and the 3-d sequences/images from the light-sheet microscope sequences are quite impressive (and have good spatial resolution), the time resolution is extremely poor and the movies very short. It is largely impossible to follow cell behaviours or movements in these sequences.
The study focuses on cell shape changes and various processes that accompany ingression and reports that ingression may occur through a variety of different mechanisms that occur at the same time, including rosette formation, individual ingression of bottle-shaped cells, and larger population ingression events. This is very similar to what has been described in chick embryos (eg. Voiculescu et al. eLife 2014 - surprisingly this is not cited), although in rodents primitive streak formation occurs in the absence of large-scale movements of cell sheets. Basically there are no surprises in the findings either for mouse or in comparison with other species, but the study is OK in terms of contributing useful information about streak formation and function in mouse (if the above problems are fixed).
Referees Cross Commenting
In response to reviewer 2
One issue with this is that one does not know whether there is a "deleterious" effect of the agarose on movements until one is sure that (a) one understands what the movements would look like without agarose and that there are no differences, and (b) (a serious shortcoming here) that embryos need to be shown to develop completely normally in those culture conditions WAY beyond the period of imaging.
There are lots of observations by several labs (some unpublished of course, but some are published) suggesting that agar and agarose do interfere with cell movements. In chick for example the Chapman and Schoenwolf method where embryos are placed on agarose, there are always head defects due to impaired movements and the agarose interfering with tissue tensile forces.
Development of an automated morphometric analysis processα-cell area was quantified on glucagon-stained slides (4 slides by patient, 2 from the head and 2 from the tail), β-cell area on insulin-stained slides (2 slides by patient, 1 from the head and from the tail), and non-exocrine-non-endocrine (non-acinar, non-insular) pancreatic tissue area on both insulin- and glucagon-stained slides (i.e. 6 slides by patient, 3 from the head and 3 from the tail).On each slide, three different areas were evaluated: the total pancreatic tissue area, the non-exocrine-non-endocrine pancreatic tissue area and the Fast Red-stained area, the latter corresponding either to alpha-cells or to beta-cells area, depending on the immunostaining.In R software, a picture is converted into 3 matrices, corresponding respectively to the blue, green and red color levels, each matrix element accounting for one pixel. The principles used for the selection of the pixels, belonging to the 3 predefined areas were the following.For total pancreatic tissue area delineation, the first step consisted in resizing the original picture to one hundredth of its full-resolution initial size. In other words, the original picture, whose size was between 1x108 and 6x108 pixels, was divided into squares of 10-pixel sides, each of these squares being integrated, in the resized picture, into one single central pixel, whose blue, green and red color levels were respectively the mean of blue, green and red levels from the 10x10 corresponding pixels in the original picture. This step allowed the smoothing of the existing discontinuities in the original picture to define a continuous pancreatic tissue surface (S2 Fig). The next step consisted then in the selection of any colored pixel, i.e. any pixel whose blue, green and red color levels were superior to the respective color levels of background pixels in the resized picture (Fig 1). The main difficulty in automating this process was to be able to take into account the differences in contrast and staining intensity between slides. The choice was therefore made to build an R script aimed at generating several propositions for total pancreatic tissue selection, by varying the color level threshold used by the different filters applied in the script (S1 File). An additional step of visual selection of the most accurate proposition by one investigator (FBS), in comparison to the original picture, was further carried out, allowing a critical step of visual control in the automated process (Fig 1).Open in a separate windowFig 1Example on the slide 14262.The first R script, used for the selection of the pixels belonging to total pancreatic tissue, generated 22 different propositions. The choice of the investigator is framed in red and the subsequent result indicated under the picture. An example of background pixel has been also pointed out on the picture miniature.For exocrine+endocrine pancreatic tissue area delineation, the first step also consisted in resizing the original picture, like in the total area delineation, but to a bigger size than for total pancreatic tissue, i.e. to one twentieth of its initial size. The next step consisted in the selection of either hematoxylin-stained blue pixels, i.e. colored pixels, whose blue level was superior to green and red levels, or to diaminobenzidine, brown, pixels or Fast Red, red, pixels, defined as colored pixels, whose red level was superior to green level. The R script intentionally generated automatically several propositions for exocrine+endocrine pancreatic tissue selection (S2 File). The choice of the most adequate selection by the investigator added a second step of visual control in the automated process (Fig 2).Open in a separate windowFig 2Example on the slide 14262.The second R script, used for the selection of the pixels belonging to functional pancreatic tissue, generated 16 different propositions. The choice of the investigator is framed in red and the subsequent results indicated under the picture.Given the small size of Fast Red-stained regions, the use of the full resolution picture was necessary for appropriate selection of the corresponding area. However, given the large size of the original picture, this required its split into several smaller pictures to allow easy manipulations within R software. The final Fast Red-stained selected area was then calculated by summing the results obtained on each small picture. The selection principle of Fast Red-stained pixels relied on the selection of colored pixels whose red level was higher than blue and green levels. However, the main difficulty encountered in this process was the presence of light pink artifact pixels on some slides, most often organized into large very slightly colored sheets, but sometimes with a color intensity similar to that of some weakly Fast Red-stained alpha- or beta islet cells. Thus, to gain detection sensitivity without losing specificity, a multi-step selection R-script was built (Fig 3) (S3 File). Briefly, assumption was made that every truly positive Fast Red-stained pixel should either display a high red level itself or a high red level pixel in its vicinity; artifact pixels being low in intensity and located in expanded regions only containing low red level pixels. Hence, the first step of the script selected high red level pixels (Fig 3B); the second step drew circles with a 50-pixel radius around each selected pixel (Fig 3C), thus pinpointing the regions where true Fast Red-stained pixels were located; and the final step identified the red pixels with a lower threshold within these circles as Fast Red-stained pixels (Fig 3D). The main drawback of this approach should be the inappropriate selection of islet neighboring tissue submitted to bleeding of the overstaining existing on some slides. However, the validation of the present methodology on some well-established parameters, as beta-cell mass, suggested that this effect was negligible (Fig 4). The whole process of picture analysis has been summarized on a flowchart (S3 Fig) (S4 File).
Immunohistochemistry and image digitalisationEach pancreas received was divided into a head, body and tail region, each of which was subjected to serial transverse sectioning. Within each region, tissue pieces were consecutively and alternately used for preparation of both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue blocks. Three consecutive paraffin sections were cut at 4 µm from one representative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue block within each region. All sections were deparaffinised and rehydrated with serial passage through changes of xylene and graded ethanol. All slides were subjected to heat-induced antigen retrieval in Target Retrieval Solution (Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA). The tissue sections were double stained for insulin (polyclonal guinea pig anti-insulin,1:2000 dilution; catalogue no. A0564, RRID:AB_10013624; Dako) and one of the following markers: CD68 for macrophages (monoclonal mouse anti-CD68, 1:2000 dilution; catalogue no. M0814, RRID:AB_2314148; Dako); CD45 for leucocytes (monoclonal mouse anti-CD45, 1:200 dilution; catalogue no. M0701, RRID:AB_2314143; Dako) or Ki67 for DNA replication (monoclonal mouse anti-Ki67, 1:160 dilution; catalogue no. M7240, RRID:AB_2142367; Dako) as previously described [8]. Antigen–antibody binding was visualised using the EnVision G/2 Doublestain (peroxidase-DAB and alkaline phosphatase-Permanent Red; catalogue no. K5355; Dako) polymer system. Subsequently, the slides were counterstained with Mayer’s Hematoxylin (catalogue no. S3309; Dako), dehydrated in ethanol and mounted with Cytoseal XYL media (Richard-Allan Scientific, Kalamazoo, MI, USA). Stained slides were then digitalised and processed in preparation for statistical analysis (see ESM Methods for image acquisition and processing details).
(Ins, CD68, CD45, Ki67)
pancreatic islets examined (methods as previously described by Campbell-Thompson et al. [11]) from nine blocks encompassing the pancreas head, body, and tail regions demonstrated CD3+ infiltration (insulitis)
Whole sections of pancreas stained for insulin, Ki67, and alcian blue with hematoxylin counterstain were digitally scanned using Aperio ScanScope (Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA). Analysis was performed using Aperio ImageScope version 11.0.2.725. Three sections per case, 1 each from head, body, and tail, were analyzed, except in 1 T1D case [6031] and 7 control cases (6010, 6012, 6013, 6015, 6017, 6021, 6022) in which only head and tail sections were available. All sections were examined and quantified in a blinded manner.Interlobular ducts were defined as ductal structures embedded in mesenchyme and possessing a PDG compartment. PDGs were identified as coiled invaginations composed of columnar epithelium arising from interlobular ducts and lying within the mesenchyme surrounding those ducts. The number of interlobular duct epithelial cells and PDG cells was counted, as was the number of those cells with nuclei staining for Ki67 and cytoplasmic staining for insulin. Small ducts, defined as intralobular ducts not embedded in mesenchyme, were comparably analyzed.
β-Cell and α-Cell Area and MassInsulin- and glucagon-immunopositive areas were determined using the IHC sections to estimate β-cell and α-cell areas, respectively, in relation to total tissue area using a single Aperio colocalization algorithm (22). An average of six sections was used per donor (two sections/head, body, and tail regions). The β-cell and α-cell areas were expressed as a ratio (percent) to the total sectional area, including acinar and interstitial regions, to permit the use of pancreata weights. The average β-cell and α-cell area per pancreas was calculated from regional area averages. The β-cell or α-cell mass (in milligrams) was calculated by multiplication of the respective average area and pancreas weight (in grams).
Insulitis Screening and Insulitic Islet Subtyping for Insulitis FrequenciesPancreata were processed to formalin-fixed paraffin blocks for each pancreas region (head, body, and tail) as previously described (20). For each donor, serial sections (average two blocks per region) were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and two double-immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains (Ki67 and insulin, CD3 and glucagon) (Supplementary Table 2) (21). When insulitic islets were found in a given donor, additional blocks were screened (as detailed below). Stained sections were scanned at ×20 magnification using an Aperio CS scanner (Leica/Aperio, Vista, CA), and all images were stored in an online pathology database (eSLIDE; Leica/Aperio).Screening for insulitic islets was performed on CD3+ glucagon–stained sections. An islet was defined as ≥10 α-cells. Insulitis was defined as an islet with six or more CD3+ cells immediately adjacent to or within the islet with three or more islets per pancreas section, according to recent criteria (4). Islets with insulitis were marked in an image layer using ImageScope software (Leica/Aperio). The two IHC serial images were aligned using the synchronization tool, and insulin+ islets were also marked on the image layer. All islets/sections from donors with insulitis were subsequently subtyped as follows: 1) insulin+ CD3−, 2) insulin+ CD3+, 3) insulin− CD3+, and 4) insulin− CD3− (see Table 1 for numbers of islets analyzed). Then, all islets were counted by subtype. The process was reversed for AAb+ donors (i.e., islet subtypes were counted using the Ki67-insulin image after markup for CD3+ insulitic islets and insulin− islets using the CD3-glucagon image). The number of pancreas sections subtyped for insulitis ranged from 2 to 16 sections/donor (8.1 ± 4.1 sections/donor, n = 162 sections) (Table 1). The lowest number of available sections was due to partial pancreas recovery (tail only in nPOD 6198).Insulitis frequency (percent) was calculated as the total number of insulitic islets (sum of insulin+ CD3+ and insulin− CD3+ islets) divided by the total number of islets (sum of four subtypes). The frequency of insulin+ insulitic islets in relation to the total number of insulin+ islets was determined by the ratio of (insulin+ CD3+ islets)/(sum of insulin+ CD3− and insulin+ CD3+ islets) with similar calculations for the frequency of insulin− insulitic islets (insulin− CD3+)/(sum of insulin− CD3+ and insulin− CD3−).
these words bring up all kinds of questions
some thoughts when skimming through stream-of-consciousness journals like these
if I want to absorb the information and "learn" faster, then reading faster or summarising the text is not the solution, because a text is already a compressed lossy encoded form of the initial thought. to decode it further and transfer it into my head would risk too much missing bits of information.
The pancreas was weighed intact and/or after dividing it into three regions (head, body and tail) by cutting the junction between head and body at the notch and dividing the remaining portion in half for body and tail regions.
Peri- and intra-islet CD45 cells were enumerated manually in all sections. For the diabetic group, observers were blinded to the case details, including autoantibody status. Islets with approximately ≥20 endocrine cells were analysed. Single glucagon and insulin cells scattered within the exocrine region were not enumerated, while sections from diabetic cases containing small islets (20 cells) but harbouring at least one insulin cell were recorded. The total numbers of insulin-positive and -negative islets in the pancreatic head, body and tail were also recorded in each section.
For each childhood-onset case, the pancreas was processed in three regions (head, body and tail) and fixed overnight in 10% (vol./vol.) neutral buffered formalin (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA, USA) prior to processing to paraffin blocks. Tissue sections (5 μm) were obtained stained with haematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Pancreatic tissue sections were stained: (1) with antibodies to insulin or glucagon, and a panleucocyte marker CD45 and/or a T cell marker (CD3; and in a subset of diabetic pancreases with CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD68 antibodies); and (2) with a cocktail of antibodies to endocrine non-beta cell hormones composed of glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin. In diabetic pancreases with insulitis (as defined below), the infiltrating T cells were further characterised with antibodies to CD4 and CD8 (as well antibodies to CD20 and CD68 to detect B lymphocytes and macrophages). Antibody binding was detected with appropriate secondary antibodies to guinea pig, rabbit and mouse immunoglobulins conjugated with alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase (MACH2 Polymer Systems; Biocare, Concord, CA, USA), followed by chromagen development with fast red (Vector, Burlingame, CA, USA) or diaminobenzidine (Vector). A scanner (CS ScanScope; Aperio, Vista, CA, USA) was used to produce whole slide images for both haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry-stained slides. In a subset of diabetic pancreases (pancreases containing residual beta cells), the pancreas was also double-stained with antibodies to insulin and class I HLA molecules. Immunofluorescence was performed by incubating the tissue sections with antibody to insulin, glucagon and survivin (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), and with appropriate anti-rabbit and anti-guinea pig immunoglobulins conjugated with aminomethylcoumarin acetate, Cy3 or Cy5. The sections were photographed at ×20 magnification using a microscope B651 (Olympus America, Center Valley, PA, USA) connected with a digital imaging system (Image pro plus, version 6.2; Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD, USA) with a camera (Pro 150ES; Pixera, San Jose, CA, USA). Additional images were recorded on an epifluorescence microscope (Microphot FXA; Nikon Instruments, Melville, NY, USA) with a monochrome digital camera (Roper Micromax; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) and appropriate software (Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Denver, CO, USA). The photos are displayed in pseudocolour. Immunoperoxidase staining of survivin was performed by incubating the sections with antibody to survivin and visualising with Cytomation Envision+System-HRP (DAB; Dako, Carpenteria, CA, USA). Class I HLA immunostaining was performed with mouse monoclonal anti-human HLA-ABC, Clone W6/32 (Dako), directed against a monomorphic epitope on the 45 kDa polypeptide products of the HLA-A, -B and -C loci. Insulin was detected with polyclonal guinea pig anti-swine insulin (Dako). All secondary goat antibodies (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were highly cross-adsorbed against the host species of the other primary antibodies and conjugated with Alexa 488 (green) or 594 (red). Anti-fade reagent (Prolong Gold) with DAPI (Life Technologies) was applied upon staining and sections were imaged using an epifluorescence microscope (Eclipse 80i; Nikon) equipped with a mercury arc lamp (X-Cite, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and a digital camera (DXM1200C; Nikon). An air objective (×20; Nikon) was used with a 0.75 N.A. Positive and negative controls for HLA-ABC staining included human spleen and isotope-matched primaries, respectively. Cross-reactivity with the insulin primary was also experimentally excluded. In additional experiments, HLA immunofluorescence staining was performed with rabbit polyclonal antibody (Abcam). An irrelevant rabbit polyclonal antibody served as a negative control.
who cowered in unshaven rooms in underwear, burning their money in wastebaskets and listening to the Terror through the wall
I feel like this line symbolizes a sense of paranoia and what can go through one's mind when triggered. Then you have to question what exactly is this "Terror" they talk about? Is it something real and physical or is it something they are exaggerating and it's in their head.?
“Why, O Gish, does thou run about? The life that thou seekest, thou wilt not find. When the gods created mankind, Death they imposed on mankind; Life they kept in their power. Thou, O Gish, fill thy belly, Day and night do thou rejoice, Daily make a rejoicing! Day and night a renewal of jollification! Let thy clothes be clean, Wash thy head and pour water over thee! Care for the little one who takes hold of thy hand! Let the wife rejoice in thy bosom!”
I think that this is a great quote, its like someone is trying to give Gilgamesh advice, just because your half-God, half-human, you shouldn't let the power go to your head. #Lit-211-Spring20-COVID19
I wish to go today," said Rainsford. He saw the dead black eyes of the general on him, studying him. General Zaroff's face suddenly brightened.He filled Rainsford's glass with venerable Chablis from a dusty bottle."Tonight," said the general, "we will hunt—you and I."Rainsford shook his head. "No, general," he said. "I will not hunt."The general shrugged his shoulders and delicately ate a hothouse grape. "As you wish, my friend," he said. "The choice rests entirely with you. But may I not venture to suggest that you will find my idea of sport more diverting than Ivan's?"
He is threading him, saying that if he does not hun with him than ivin willl kill him
The hunting was not good last night. The fellow lost his head. He made a straight trail that offered no problems at all. That's the trouble with these sailors; they have dull brains to begin with, and they do not know how to get about in the woods. They do excessively stupid and obvious things. It's most annoying. Will you have another glass of Chablis, Mr. Rainsford?""General," said Rainsford firmly, "I wish to leave this island at once."The general raised his thickets of eyebrows; he seemed hurt. "But, my dear fellow," the general protested, "you've only just come. You've had no hunting—""I wish to go today," said Rainsford. He saw the dead black eyes of the general on him, studying him. General Zaroff's face suddenly brightened.He filled Rainsford's glass with venerable Chablis from a dusty bottle."Tonight," said the general, "we will hunt—you and I."
hes gonna hunt him
The cry was pinched off short as the blood-warm waters of the Caribbean Sea dosed over his head.
in pain
The hunting was not good last night. The fellow lost his head. He made a straight trail that offered no problems at all. That's the trouble with these sailors; they have dull brains to begin with, and they do not know how to get about in the woods
all just for his entertainment doesn't care who he is killing
"Tonight," said the general, "we will hunt—you and I."Rainsford shook his head. "No, general," he said. "I will not hunt."
this is conflict between Rainsford and the general.
And it was the mournful influence of the unperceived shadow that caused him to feel—although he neither saw nor heard—to feel the presence of my head within the room.
How could the old man feel his head in the room?
I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell.
What is this supposed to mean? Is the person hearing things in their head?
I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed, crying out—“Who's there?”
Will he finaly think like a real man and try to run, or stay as psychopathic as he has and do something terrible?
I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night, about midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it—oh so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly—very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man's sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! would a madman have been so wise as this
Why would the man be so kind to him before he inevitably tried to kill him? The purpose of killing a person is to well, kill them. Was being nice to the old man a way to somehow make up for murdering him because he knew that he would attempt to end his life regardless of how wrong he knew it was. Yet he still is trying to distinguish himself from a madman.
If still you think me mad, you will think so no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body. The night waned, and I worked hastily, but in silence. First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs.
This just shows that he is more mad if he made preparations for after he had killed somebody. This shows more so than anything else that he is insane. Also why not just say he had a heart attack or stroke or something of that nature?
Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded—with what caution—with what foresight—with what dissimulation I went to work!
He is going crazy. Is he delusional? What reinforced this idea in his head? Will he back out?
I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed, crying out—“Who's there?”
Will he catch him? Will this creepy person go to jail.
My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears: but still they sat and still chatted. The ringing became more distinct:—It continued and became more distinct: I talked more freely to get rid of the feeling: but it continued and gained definiteness—until, at length, I found that the noise was not within my ears.
I wonder if only he can hear it and I also wonder what it is?
with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance
this is very realistic to me because when I read this I could just picture the emotions going on in her head as she is being told for the first time that her husband is dead.
She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.
this shows how much she loved her husband and now she doesn't know what to do with out him
to feel the presence of my head within the room.
this is interesting to me because I get this feeling all the time, I read about a test showing how most people are able to feel people watching them
I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed, crying out—“Who's there?”
even though the man is awake he still proceeds to kill him thats a bold move
First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs.
How is this going to come to play later? Was there a reason he decided to cut of the limbs?
Peyman Milanfar
Head of Computational Imaging team at Google. Looks like he was PI of a lab at UCSC that produced some very highly cited superresolution work in the 2000s.
Survey paper on image filtering.
Recent work focused on superresolution & denoising.
She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.
she feels very hopeless because her husband was the love of her life and she just lost him and will never see him again.
“I got the Weary Blues And I can’t be satisfied. Got the Weary Blues And can’t be satisfied– I ain’t happy no mo’ And I wish that I had died.” And far into the night he crooned that tune. The stars went out and so did the moon. The singer stopped playing and went to bed While the Weary Blues echoed through his head. He slept like a rock or a man that’s dead.
This truly encapsulates the pain that he's feeling and there's something so sad and relatable about the way in which it feels like every glimmer of light goes out and you're all alone with your thoughts. Something about the way this poem ends resonates with me; I find it really beautiful.
And far into the night he crooned that tune. The stars went out and so did the moon. The singer stopped playing and went to bed While the Weary Blues echoed through his head.
This is such a powerful set of lines. The poet really drove this dreary feeling down through the ending. I'm questioning if the singer is actually dead of if there is a sad kind of stillness?
“I got the Weary Blues And I can’t be satisfied. Got the Weary Blues And can’t be satisfied– I ain’t happy no mo’ And I wish that I had died.” And far into the night he crooned that tune. The stars went out and so did the moon. The singer stopped playing and went to bed While the Weary Blues echoed through his head. He slept like a rock or a man that’s dead.
While this poem seems to end on a sad note, I actually think there is so much beauty to it. To me, it reads as if he falls so deeply in love with his music that it is unbecoming. It's a new sensation he has never known, almost like an awakening of the soul. I don't think it's him who dies, but rather, the previous version of his soul.
The singer stopped playing and went to bed While the Weary Blues echoed through his head. He slept like a rock or a man that’s dead.
It's almost as if he is os numb to the pain and thoughts that when he is sleeping, he can't escape them. Yet, he is still able to sleep through the madness.
I want to hear the chanting Around a heathen fire Of a strange black race.
I feel like with this section, it puts a more "savage" image in your mind.The comparison between black people savages has never not been around, so for her to put the image of black people chanting around a fire, it really puts an image in your head.
She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.
This is so sad, it seems as if her husband was the only person she had to love.
Note: This preprint has been reviewed by subject experts for Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.
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Summary:
The authors use a mouse model to compare molecular responses to a 23% protein/57 carbohydrate/20 fat diet to a 7% protein/73% carbohydrate/20% fat diet. The authors show that the low protein diet enhanced activation of biological pathways related to fatty acid catabolism including FAO, TCA cycle and electron transport chain in sWAT but not BA, similar to cold exposure. The authors use redundant assays and experiments in cell models to validate the genes and molecular pathways involved in the sWAT response to a low protein diet in mice. The authors show that AMPK activation promotes the induction of typical brown fat and muscular genes in sWAT. The authors identify novel non-canonical pathways (Serca1 and Serca2a,) that are upregulated in sWAT browning.
My main critique, coming from the perspective of a dietitian that works in human trials in the US, is that the diet called a "Western" diet is not similar to the diet that humans with metabolic problems typically eat. The typical US diet is closer to approximately a 17% protein/50% carbohydrate/33% split (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.007, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-017-0031-8). This level of protein utilized for the experimental "Western" diet here is comparable to levels used for "high protein" diets in some human studies (https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12111).
Since the experimental diet differs substantially from what metabolically sick people typically eat, the ability to speculate how the findings from this study may apply to humans with metabolic diseases is very limited. This paper is really well-done, but I think the authors should call the experimental diet a high-protein, moderate carbohydrate diet (HPMC), not a "Western" diet. There are many who argue that such a HPMC is metabolically advantageous and promotes weight loss/improved body composition, so this study lays the groundwork for refuting that guidance. It would be exciting to see a head to head comparison of the two diets in humans in the future!
Major comments:
-The authors provide strong support their key findings
-The mice were on the LPHC diet for a short period of time (2 weeks). Ongoing amino acid deficiency has potential to promote frailty and other deleterious outcomes. No long-term diet outcomes can be inferred from this study.
-The authors have provided no evidence that a LPHC diet improves human health, so I think they need to scale back those assertions, particularly as it relates to people shifting to a LPHC from what they currently eat, since people don't typically eat what the authors refer to as a "Western" diet as it's defined in this paper.
-As far as I can tell, no additional experiments are needed to support their claims identifying how the LPHC affects AMPK activated pathways in mice.
-The methods are rigorous and sufficiently described to be reproducible
Minor comments:
-Minor grammatical issues through e.g. "It is worth to notice" in last paragraph on page 12; there are font differences in the methods section
The work is significant as it describes the metabolic effects of a LPHC at the molecular level for the first time. This paper demonstrates how a low protein diet may promote longevity and improve glucose metabolism, which has been shown to some extent in humans, but hasn't had a mechanistic explanation until now.
If similar findings were supported in longer term animal and human trials, it could lay the groundwork for modifying dietary recommendations to promote metabolic health and longevity.
This paper is of interest to basic scientists studying diet and energy metabolism. The potential health implications are interesting to people in healthcare and scientists studying human metabolism.
I am a dietitian who has conducted weight loss trials in humans, emphasizing varying macronutrient ratios. I have also done whole body metabolism work in humans using metabolic chambers. I have experience in urinary proteomics, but I lack sufficient expertise to scrutinize much of the methodology of the basic work you present here.
"Salvation"
By Langston Hughes
I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen. But not really saved. It happened like this. There was a big revival at my Auntie Reed's church. Every night for weeks there had been much preaching, singing, praying, and shouting, and some very hardened sinners had been brought to Christ, and the membership of the church had grown by leaps and bounds. Then just before the revival ended, they held a special meeting for children, "to bring the young lambs to the fold." My aunt spoke of it for days ahead. That night I was escorted to the front row and placed on the mourners' bench with all the other young sinners, who had not yet been brought to Jesus.
My aunt told me that when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside! And Jesus came into your life! And God was with you from then on! She said you could see and hear and feel Jesus in your soul. I believed her. I had heard a great many old people say the same thing and it seemed to me they ought to know. So I sat there calmly in the hot, crowded church, waiting for Jesus to come to me.
The preacher preached a wonderful rhythmical sermon, all moans and shouts and lonely cries and dire pictures of hell, and then he sang a song about the ninety and nine safe in the fold, but one little lamb was left out in the cold. Then he said: "Won't you come? Won't you come to Jesus? Young lambs, won't you come?" And he held out his arms to all us young sinners there on the mourners' bench. And the little girls cried. And some of them jumped up and went to Jesus right away. But most of us just sat there.
A great many old people came and knelt around us and prayed, old women with jet-black faces and braided hair, old men with work-gnarled hands. And the church sang a song about the lower lights are burning, some poor sinners to be saved. And the whole building rocked with prayer and song.
Still I kept waiting to see Jesus.
Finally all the young people had gone to the altar and were saved, but one boy and me. He was a rounder's son named Westley. Westley and I were surrounded by sisters and deacons praying. It was very hot in the church, and getting late now. Finally Westley said to me in a whisper: "God damn! I'm tired o' sitting here. Let's get up and be saved." So he got up and was saved.
Then I was left all alone on the mourners' bench. My aunt came and knelt at my knees and cried, while prayers and song swirled all around me in the little church. The whole congregation prayed for me alone, in a mighty wail of moans and voices. And I kept waiting serenely for Jesus, waiting, waiting - but he didn't come. I wanted to see him, but nothing happened to me. Nothing! I wanted something to happen to me, but nothing happened.
I heard the songs and the minister saying: "Why don't you come? My dear child, why don't you come to Jesus? Jesus is waiting for you. He wants you. Why don't you come? Sister Reed, what is this child's name?"
"Langston," my aunt sobbed.
"Langston, why don't you come? Why don't you come and be saved? Oh, Lamb of God! Why don't you come?"
Now it was really getting late. I began to be ashamed of myself, holding everything up so long. I began to wonder what God thought about Westley, who certainly hadn't seen Jesus either, but who was now sitting proudly on the platform, swinging his knickerbockered legs and grinning down at me, surrounded by deacons and old women on their knees praying. God had not struck Westley dead for taking his name in vain or for lying in the temple. So I decided that maybe to save further trouble, I'd better lie, too, and say that Jesus had come, and get up and be saved.
So I got up.
Suddenly the whole room broke into a sea of shouting, as they saw me rise. Waves of rejoicing swept the place. Women leaped in the air. My aunt threw her arms around me. The minister took me by the hand and led me to the platform.
When things quieted down, in a hushed silence, punctuated by a few ecstatic "Amens," all the new young lambs were blessed in the name of God. Then joyous singing filled the room.
That night, for the first time in my life but one for I was a big boy twelve years old - I cried. I cried, in bed alone, and couldn't stop. I buried my head under the quilts, but my aunt heard me. She woke up and told my uncle I was crying because the Holy Ghost had come into my life, and because I had seen Jesus. But I was really crying because I couldn't bear to tell her that I had lied, that I had deceived everybody in the church, that I hadn't seen Jesus, and that now I didn't believe there was a Jesus anymore, since he didn't come to help me.
Instead, nurture the wild idea and let it develop over time by incrementally writing Evergreen notes about small facets of the idea.
If you cannot tackle a subject head on, tackle it obliquely by writing evergreen notes about facets of the idea.
This is an interesting way of reducing the scope of, say, an essay, without sacrificing quality. Instead of writing the whole thing, just write an atomic piece about one of the concepts you need for the larger piece.
She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.
If I had just found out my husband died I would be very upset as well.
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant —Success in Circuit lies
Here dickinson begins by asking the reader a difficult question: what exactly is the concept of truth or truth? Truth is actually happened, it is an objective existence, the problem is that the truth I don't speak, need people out, the people involved, it will, in the judgment and interpretation of subjectivity, what is "the truth", about one hundred people there are one hundred species, it is more in need of the speaker and the wind rain, if everybody thunderous representation of "the truth", not only will frighten the baby, even adult head spin a mass of chaos.
co-responsiblepartners
I completely agree with this concept of families as co-responsible partners rather than consumers. I'd love to learn how other Early Head Start/Head Start programs are able to achieve this when families may not have the flexibility in their schedules due to work/school schedules. Anyone have ideas?
Big Disciplines
What I noted since the really big ideas carry 95% of the freight, it wasn’t at all hard for me to pick up all the big ideas from all the big disciplines and make them a standard part of my mental routines. Once you have the ideas, of course, they are no good if you don’t practice – if you don’t practice you lose it. So, I went through life constantly practicing this model of the multidisciplinary approach. Well, I can’t tell you what that’s done for me. It’s made life more fun, it’s made me more constructive, it’s made me more helpful to others, it’s made me enormously rich, you name it, that attitude really helps. It doesn’t help you just to know them enough just so you can give them back on an exam and get an A. You have to learn these things in such a way that they’re in a mental latticework in your head and you automatically use them for the rest of your life. – Charlie Munger, 2007 USC Gould School of Law Commencement Speech (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5U0TE4oqj24)
However you represent the head, whether it is relatively simply yet characteristic, or incredibly refined, you can now identify the start of the neck from the chin. The digastric plane is the bottom plane, it gives the head thickness. It will be useful when drawing the head from other angles - the biggest hurdles is working in a flat 2d plane while seeking to depict volume.
The gesture from the chin to the bottom of the neck is curved and downward. It is better to make the neck a little too long than too short. You then come from the bottom of the skull, the key here will be not to make the back of the neck too skinny.
Notice that the neck starts very low in the front and very high in the back. Think of your shirt collars, it sits high in the back and low at the front.
“Lime has indicated that they plan to offer interview opportunities to a few members of our team, while others will receive severance packages,” Dennis Cinelli, the head of Uber’s micromobility team, said in an email to employees that was seen by The Times.
More good news for the readers
has gutted the so-called sharing economy.
Interested word choice. Paints a gruesome picture in the reader's head and really emphasizes how badly these companies are doing during these times.
On marriage: Staying Married is Not About Staying In Love Part 1 & Part 2, The Next Generation, Sexual Intimacy and Rights Over a Spouse's Body in Marriage, Marriage Is Meant For Making Children...Disciples of Jesus Part 1 & Part 2 On divorce: A Statement on Divorce and Remarriage in the Life of Bethlehem Baptist Church, Divorce and Remarriage: A Position Paper On singleness: Single in Christ: A Name Better Than Sons and Daughters, On headship: Lionhearted & Lamblike: The Christian Husband as Head Part 1 & Part 2, On submission: The Beautiful Faith of Fearless Submission See also: Headship at Bethlehem, Submission at Bethlehem, Children & Parenting at Bethlehem ← Previous Next → Bethlehem Baptist Church The Church's HistoryThe Geography of Bethlehem BaptistThe SanctuaryWorshipMusic Activities Outside of ServicesActivity: White CrossActivity: Circles of PrayerActivity: Global PartnersWhat Makes a Christian? Personal Stories: Being SavedStory: Char RansomStory: Kenny StokesStory: TonyWomen at Bethlehem Baptist Gender, Politics, & SexualityMarriage, Divorce, & SinglenessHeadshipSubmissionChildren & ParentingHomosexualityRacial HarmonyAnalysis of the ChurchAuthor Biography and Self-Reflection
All links probably need to be redone.
‘It’s really an awfully simple operation, Jig,’ the man said. ‘It’s not really an operation at all.’
Her nickname is Jig--> is it a reference to dancing or jigging around a central issue instead of confronting it head-on?
Should we have another drink?’
They're drinking instead of facing an obvious issue head-on. Validates the girl's previous statement that "all they do is look at things and try new drinks". It seems like they incapable of getting to a deeper level in this relationship.
Mr. Leonard Mead would pause, cock his head, listen, look, and march on, his feet making no noise on the lumpy walk
Is there a specific reason why he walks at night? Is there something that he hopes to see or find?
Mr. Leonard Mead would pause, cock his head, listen, look, and march on, his feet making no noise on the lumpy walk
I think he turns his head because he thinks, or knows, that other are watching him. Why does he walk silently? Is he just taking precautions?
bone marrow transplant unit at the U.C.L.A. Medical Center. Dr. Gale was then, and still is, the head of the transplant team.
During the late 1970s, Dr. Gale used experimental bone marrow transplants on children without properly informing patients of what the procedure was going to be and without approval from a ethics committee, resulting in Dr. Gale being "reprimanded" by the National Institutes of Health.
Sources: [1]United Press International, December 14, 1985, Saturday, AM cycle.
You might like to watch our video series which introduces DOAJ and gives some context to our criteria and some of the terms we use.
Add a prompt to head over to the application form?
You let her alone, mother. Let her speak for herself. You will jolly soon see whether she has an idea that I haven't put into her head or a word that I haven't put into her mouth. I tell you I have created this thing out of the squashed cabbage leaves of Covent Garden; and now she pretends to play the fine lady with me.
I think a political lesson that Pygmalion teaches is that one's social mannerisms and habits (i.e. setting the table correctly, saying polite things, etc.) are completely contrived from the people around you and don't change one's heart or personality. Higgins says "I have created this thing out of the squashed cabbage leaves of Covent Garden; and now she pretends to play the fine lady with me", showing how Liza's transformation into a lady was nothing of substance. Her heart or mind did not change, just her quirks and mannerisms. Liza later goes onto say that a lady is defined by how she is treated, not by how she behaves. Liza is saying that a lady is someone who is respected by society, not someone who can behave and act properly. The catch about this respect, though, is that one has to behave properly in order to get respect. Pygmalion is showing the error and fallacy of this dilemma by giving the character Liza, showing how her "transformation" gained her respect, even though she changed nothing of substance. The play demonstrates that classes are defined with nothing of substance, and suggests that one look at the character and heart of a person, not at how they behave at the dinner table.
A useful starting point is the notion of distributed cognition that gained some currency in the early 1990s. Much of the experimentation and theorizing concerning cognitive processes and development has treated cognition as being ‘possessed and residing in the heads of individuals’ (Salomon 1993: xii). Those interested in distributed cognition have looked to the tools and social relations ‘outside’ people’s heads. They are not only ‘sources of stimulation and guidance but are actually vehicles of thought… It is not just the “person-solo” who learns, but the “person-plus”, the whole system of interrelated factors’ (ibid.: xiii). People think in relationship with others and use various tools. Different cognitions will emerge in different situations.
learning isn't just in one person's head, but in relationship with other people and tools, so different understandings will happen from different situations and different people.
Running head: DIVERSITY AND FACIAL TRAIT INFERENCESNOTE: This manuscript is a draft of a project still in progress. The draft is intended primarily to document the results of a set of pre-registered analyses.It has not been peer-reviewed and may not represent the authors’ most up-to-date thoughts about these issues. Population diversity is associated with trustworthiness impressions from faces
Implementing prior blocking and asynchronous re-activation Our prior blocking option prevents the installation of non-exempt cookies before user consent is obtained (as required by EU law) and asynchronously activates (without reloading the page) the scripts after the user consents.To use, you must first enable this feature: simply select the “Prior blocking and asynchronous re-activation” checkbox above before copy and pasting the code snippet into the HEAD as mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
Ekwefi stood rooted to the spot. One mind said to her: "Woman, go home before Agbala does you harm." But she could not. She stood until Chielo had increased the distance between them and she began to follow again. She had already walked so long that she began to feel a slight numbness in the limbs and in the head.
This paragraph symbolizes a mother desperately struggling to save her daughter from the harm that she believes could happen to her, for this reason, she secretly goes after her daughter, regardless of the consequences. Ewkifi, a strong and risky woman, is filled with fear knowing that a woman is taking her daughter even though, with her consent, she decides to go above her husband OkonkwoI believe that any mother would make or give her life to protect and save her children. she did not care what the priestess said that something bad could happen if she continued and the voice that spoke to her advised her to return home, but she continued to the end and saw her daughter safe
A shape with lion body and the head of a man, A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun, Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it
I found this these lines interesting because I think that they encapsulate what Yeats thinks the second coming will bring about. This poem was written in the backdrop of World War I and the Irish War of Independence, two bleak and tumultuous events that shaped Yeats' outlook on the state of humanity. I think that by predicting that the second coming will be accompanied by a ferocious beast, rather than a holy figure like Jesus, Yeats is essentially telling the reader that his belief of the second coming is not rooted entirely in Christianity in that it will be more destructive and not spare Christians.
the mounted policeman came galloping through the confusion with his hands clasped over his head and screaming
GANGNES: This is the policeman who is depicted running from the Heat Ray in both of Cosmo Rowe's illustrations (the Installment 1 header image and the Installment 2 frontispiece).
Some commonly found characteristics of serial killers include the following:
In children the top 3 connections are: arson, hurting/killing animals, and head traumas.
By this point, I felt I’d proven that the Uncanny Valley was functioning as a meme in what I consider its classic, Dawkins form, as a concept floating around with people like Lawrence Weschler who understand it deeply, with people who didn’t seem to care much at all about it, as in the monkey/Cage painting. But I had promised the audience that I’d investigate whether or not the Uncanny Valley was a meme as it is now defined by and on the internet. I pointed to a page on the concept in knowyourmeme.com, which lists it, but not without dissenters (we are talking about the internet after all). The Uncanny Valley ‘is not a meme. It is not a sub-culture. It is not a person. It is not related to the internet in any way. It does not belong on KYM’, read one comment from 2009. More pointed was this from 2012: ‘And what memetic materials have people made to purposefully exploit the Uncanny Valley?’In that same year, Masahiro Mori was interviewed on the occasion of a new translation of his by now famous essay. In his typically self-effacing manner, he discussed his work in light of a well-known Japanese children’s fable: ‘I think of myself as the dog in the story “Hanasaka Jiisan”… I bark “Dig here!” and then other people will dig and find treasure.’In 2013, I went digging, and in rooting around the meme-trove icanhazcheeseburger.com, found one (under its evolved definition): a picture of a ventriloquist’s dummy head, ‘THE UNCANNY VALLEY’ in caps and underlined below, and the following printed at the bottom, ‘And to think this was made to look charming and cute’ (Figure 2). Here, I was rewarded precisely with the extrinsic rather than the intrinsic, a viral text–image matrix rather than a pseudo-genetic concept transfer. Having long-since abandoned my rant, I was now ready to appreciate a fully networked visual aphorism or seen another way a wittily captioned image. Here was this new thing-in-the-world, multi-, or better yet unimediated, ever mutating matrices of meaning and, yes, fun. So with thanks to the originary intent of Richard Dawkins, the challenge from the Berkeley grad student, the brilliant barks of Masahiro Mori, and the anonymous craft of the icanhazcheeseburger poster, my rant that wasn’t comes to its end. window.figureViewer={doi:'10.1177/1470412914544517',path:'/na101/home/literatum/publisher/sage/journals/content/vcua/2014/vcua_13_3/1470412914544517/20200124',figures:[{i:'fig1-1470412914544517',type:'fig',g:[{m:'10.1177_1470412914544517-fig1.gif',l:'10.1177_1470412914544517-fig1.jpeg',size:'160 KB'}]} ,{i:'fig2-1470412914544517',type:'fig',g:[{m:'10.1177_1470412914544517-fig2.gif',l:'10.1177_1470412914544517-fig2.jpeg',size:'207 KB'}]} ]}
The author describes how the concept of "The Uncanny Valley" fits Dawkins' classic definition of meme - an idea that spreads and evolves through culture in way similar to a gene replicating and mutating - but then that it is also a "meme" in our contemporary sense (a joke with texts and pictures). Therefore, he proves to himself that contemporary/modern memes are not a "decline" of the original idea of memes, but an evolution, a mutation - which is perfect for the topic of memes!
H.L. Mencken once said that in America, “the general average of intelligence, of knowledge, of competence, of integrity, of self-respect, of honor is so low that any man who knows his trade, does not fear ghosts, has read fifty good books, and practices the common decencies stands out as brilliantly as a wart on a bald head.”
Nice Mencken quote.
No SEL curriculum or activity is as meaningful as the true relationships we build with our students.
There are lots of activities out there, but this hits the nail on the head--we have to always think about building relationships with our students and be authentic!
By shouldering some of readers’ self-monitoring and regulation, these authors’ efforts can indeed lighten the metacognitive burden. But metacognition is an inherently dynamic process, evolving continuously as readers’ own conceptions evolve. Books are static. Prose can frame or stimulate readers’ thoughts, but prose can’t behave or respond to those thoughts as they unfold in each reader’s head. The reader must plan and steer their own feedback loops.
Reading books is just a form of transmission from author to reader. Even if the reader is thoughful and takes deep thought, it may not coincide with the book's pre-planned path. i.e. I read this section in the article, I think deeply and at length, but now, I return to the article, and the next paragraph is not related to my thoughts...
i suggest a network of information, which ties to neurons of information to each other. If someone was tired or mentally fatigued, they could follow these networks (drawn by previous thinkers). The network is every increasing at each node. This network can be thought of a mind map, but breaks conventional mind map rules. Nodes can reconnect back to each other. Branches are not made, instead, every path in the network is equal in weight/ thickness.
Part 1: Capture network someone travels down. Part 2: Draw network (Mind map) Part 3: Suggest/ display network and journey a 'reader' can take.
The most successful storytelling comes from a subtle, nuanced approach
dont beat them over the head with it
Better to reign in Hell, then serve in Heav'n
From the ghost of Achilles to Odysseus in The Odyssey: “I’d rather slave on earth for another man-some dirt-poor tenant farmer who scrapes to keep alive-than rule down here over the breathless dead”
Commonly translated: "I'd rather be a slave on earth than a king in hell."
Milton is flipping this on its head, as he seems to be flipping much of epic on its head.
It appeared that he understood me well enough, for he shook his head by way of disapprobation, and held his hand in a posture to show that I must be carried as a prisoner. However, he made other signs, to let me understand that I should have meat and drink enough, and very good treatment.
He's very conflicted by their treatment, but understanding of their situation. Like if I was a tiny person, I'd probably do the same thing and tie down someone (I perceived) to be a giant. And although he is a prisoner, they bear no ill will against him. That much is apparent by their treatment of him as sort of a guest, by bringing him food and water, and meeting with him in gesture-discussions.
Therefore, En=2n+1−2=2(2n−1)
Simplified formula for the expected number of tosses (e) to get n consecutive heads (n≥1):
$$e_n=2(2^n-1)$$
For example, to get 5 consecutive heads, we've to toss the coin 62 times:
$$e_n=2(2^5-1)=62$$
We can also start with the longer analysis of the 5 scenarios:
Thus:
$$e=\frac{1}{2}(e+1)+\frac{1}{4}(e+2)+\frac{1}{8}(e+3)+\frac{1}{16}\\(e+4)+\frac{1}{32}(e+5)+\frac{1}{32}(5)=62$$
We can also generalise the formula to:
$$e_n=\frac{1}{2}(e_n+1)+\frac{1}{4}(e_n+2)+\frac{1}{8}(e_n+3)+\frac{1}{16}\\(e_n+4)+\cdots +\frac{1}{2^n}(e_n+n)+\frac{1}{2^n}(n) $$
You can dig into this if you want, and look through the numerous links in that Wikipedia page that support this description. Maybe have a little mini-forum in your head about the differences between white nationalism and white supremacy.
interesting to see the advances technology has made and how it is positively impacting us as scholars.
Deeper strategies for the advanced. Tips to prevent a fragility of process. Thoughts about the relationship between critical thinking and cynicism. But for the love of God, let’s start with the head check.
What I understand from the author is that even though many discussions are started from information we come across online, these conversations should begin when the sources we use to support our argument are checked.
More people than you would think believe that the blue checkmark = trustworthy. But all the blue checkmark really does is say that the person is who they say they are, that they are the person of that name and not an imposter. Your two-second “mirror and head-check” here is going to be to always, always hover, and see what they are verified for. In this case the verification means something: this person works for CNBC.com, a legitimate news site, and she covers a relevant beat here (the White House):
The reason why I thought this passage was interesting is because I personally thought a blue checkmark was on someone we can trust. But I was wrong a blue checkmark only represents someone is who they say they are. I found very useful how the article demonstrates how we can check if information is relevant.
More people than you would think believe that the blue checkmark = trustworthy. But all the blue checkmark really does is say that the person is who they say they are, that they are the person of that name and not an imposter. Your two-second “mirror and head-check” here is going to be to always, always hover, and see what they are verified for. In this case the verification means something: this person works for CNBC.com, a legitimate news site, and she covers a relevant beat here (the White House):
I really found this Interesting because most of the time if anything is verified you must think oh year its reliable but in this case it is just saying that in the sense of that person is the true one and other accounts are just importers so the real idea it gives me is that anything can be trust worthy weather verified or not as long as you have evidence to back it up then it is worthy.
One of the things I’ve been trying to convince people for the past year and a half is that the only viable literacy solution to web misinformation involves always checking any information in your stream that you find interesting, emotion-producing, or shareable. It’s not enough to check the stuff that is suspicious: if you apply your investigations selectively, you’ve already lost the battle. Once you accept that, certain things become clear. Your methods of checking have to be really quick. They have to be habitual, automatic. They can’t be cognitively expensive. And those who teach media literacy have to be conscious of this trade-off between depth and efficacy and act accordingly. What do I mean by that? Let’s use an analogy: which technique do you think would prevent more car accidents? A three-second check every time you switch lanes A twenty-second check executed every time you think a car might be there There are some hard problems with misinformation on the web. But for the average user, a lot of what goes wrong comes down to failure to follow simple and quick processes of verification and contextualization. Not after you start thinking, but before you do. I can’t get these processes down to a two second mirror-and-head-check, but I can get them close. What follows are some of the methods we teach students in our work. It will seem like there is a lot of stuff to learn here, but you’ll notice that it comes down to the same strategies repeated in different contexts. This repetition is a feature, not a bug.
I agree with is because even though I don't have the habit to check my sources yet, I still think its a skill every student needs to master. Especially when it comes down to search reliable sources for a research paper for a class. Sometimes it very difficult and overwhelming to search for reliable sources that can support my thesis statement, so having the knowledge of finding good and reliable information on the web or any source can be helpful in the long run.
The basics of HTTP are easy to grasp – there’s a mandatory “request line”
Mandatory HTTP request line:
Then, there's a bunch of optional request header fields.
Example HTTP request:
GET http://www.davidwhitney.co.uk/ HTTP/1.1
Host: www.davidwhitney.co.uk
Connection: keep-alive
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64…
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: en-GB,en-US;q=0.9,en;q=0.8
Example response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: public,max-age=1
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Server: Kestrel
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 11 Dec 2019 21:52:23 GMT
Content-Length: 8479
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">...
For input 𝐱i\x_\rc{i} each attention head produces a different output vector 𝐲ri\y_\rc{i}^\bc{r}. We concatenate these, and pass them through a linear transformation to reduce the dimension back to kk.
像是attention后面加了一个线性回归 这样位置信息能被考虑进去
n South Sudan, all schools and churches have been closed to promote social distancing. In South Africa, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a 3-week total lockdown of his country’s 57 million citizens. In Uganda, pop star Bobi Wine’s newly recorded song “Sensitise to Sanitise” is playing on radios throughout the country to raise awareness about reducing coronavirus transmission. At the large regional hospital in Kisumu, Kenya, teams of health workers have set up tents to provide information on Covid-19 and to take visitors’ temperatures and log their travel histories before they enter the hospital. The coronavirus is coming to Africa, and with creative actions, large and small, Africans are aiming to meet it head on.
as public debate moves on
Es wäre vielleicht interessant zu untersuchen, ob Issue Publics bzgl. Kurzzeit-Themen überhaupt verschwinden, oder evtl. heutzutage durch erleichterte Kommunikations- und Gruppenmöglichkeiten schneller verschwinden und wieder auftauchen bzw. garnicht erst verschwinden, da sie online in irgendeiner Weise weiterexistieren, nur nicht Top of the head sind (statt nur TV, Radio, oder physische Gruppen/Treffen, können online jederzeit bestimmte Themen/Issues wieder schnell trenden).
Taylor is resigning to head council
my reason for choosing the paharse is...
[SubjectName] was a news anchor and investigative reporter on New Orleans TV station WWL- TV Channel [D] for [XXXX] years ([Month] [DD], [Year] until [Month] [D], [Year]). After leaving the TV station, [SubjectName] served as head of public relations for Freeport- McMoRan in New Orleans before starting [TheirThem] own firm.
My reason for choosing this phrase, to me, is that when I think of an investigative journalist and news anchors, I picture a male
[GenderedWord] was the first [GenderedWord] in the United States to head a toll road body.
likely female or GLBT
After leaving the TV station, [SubjectName] served as head of public relations for Freeport- McMoRan in New Orleans before starting [TheirThem] own firm. [GenderedWord] returned to the media in [Year] on WWL (AM) as a fill- in for [OtherPersonName] [OtherPersonName], a popular host stricken with cancer
A female characteristics
was the first [GenderedWord] in the United States to head a toll road body.
I've never heard "the first male" anything, it's always female.
After leaving the TV station, [SubjectName] served as head of public relations for Freeport- McMoRan in New Orleans
job profession seems geared towards men
head of the parliamentary bloc
There is a chance for a woman to be in this position.
was precandidate to the Head of Government of the City of Buenos Aires for the Front
Women could be vying for this position.
Practicing TDD ensures that you aren’t required to have much of the problem state in your head at any given time.
Yep, I can attest the truth on this. TDD coupled with a good ToDo list are amazing tools to help with focus.
And, as though you'd slept, a new day begins agai
What we see here is the narrator staying in a relationship with someone she knows she should not be with anymore. After a hectic day driving back from the Harvard- Yale football game, a drive where they kept fighting and yelling with each other, the narrator decides not to sleep as soon as they get home. She says that if she sleeps then she will just forget what happened this day, so she stays up all night because she wants to remember; she wants to remember everything that the girlfriend told her, she wants to remember her calling her a “selfish bitch”, and she wants remember that she could have died because of her. Therefore, she doesn't want to push this memory in the back of her head because she wants to give herself a reason to leave. However, when she says “ and as though you’d slept, a new day begins again”, it is evident that she chose to forget everything about that drive back even though she did not sleep it off. This just comes to show how hard it is to leave toxic relationships, people just choose to stay because they do not have the power nor strength to leave. They would much rather stay and forget, than to leave and remember. Hence why the title of this chapter is called River Lethe. In Greek mythology, this was a river of forgetfulness, which implies that just like this river the narrator wants to forget that she is a verbally abusive woman.
Morale at the C.D.C. has plummeted.
I cannot tell you how many of my friends working in government have echoed this sentiment. From the State Department to the Department of Energy to the EPA, this is consistent. Don't get me started on this topic and how the Trump Administration has undermined our institutions. I was swearing about this in my head two weeks into his presidency.
When the coronavirus pandemic started, E.I.S. alumni began working non-stop, with some setting up cots inside their offices. While the virus remained overseas, the C.D.C. led communications, scrupulously following E.I.S. protocols. But soon after the coronavirus landed on American shores the White House took over. E.I.S. officers were dismayed to see the communication principles that the C.D.C. had honed over the years being disregarded, and sometimes turned on their head. A Coronavirus Task Force, led by Vice-President Mike Pence, was formed, excluding everyone from the C.D.C. except its director, Dr. Robert Redfield. “The C.D.C. was ordered into lockdown,” a former senior official at the agency told me. “They can’t speak to the media. These are people who have trained their entire lives for epidemics—the finest public-health army in history—and they’ve been told to shut up!”
You want to know why I was screaming in my sleep while watching this unfold from Southeast Asia? THIS.
in quiet violation of C.D.C. guidance
One of the frustrating things about this crisis is the failure of the Centers for Disease Control, which historically has been a global leader in disease prevention and public health policy. Whether it's a funding issue (Trump initially proposed CDC cuts but was overruled by Congress), a leadership issue, or just political corruption of the agency (my guess is it's a bit of both of these latter factors), the CDC made major missteps along the way with Covid-19. I'm still trying to better understand this, but here are a few analyses worth reading. See this look at CDC Director Redfield and what went wrong, this analysis from the American Council on Science and Health or this examination of what went wrong with testing.
Tracking my time helps me stay on track.
Do you think that this is relevant at a certain level of granularity? For example, if you put "scratch nose" or "scratch head" every time you scratched an itch, that would be time consuming and probably a non-useful overhead because the information you logged would not be actionable.
Temperature and Neuromuscular Performance 29 that the primary site of action of cooling is the muscle fiber itself. Cooling was also reported to decrease presynaptic acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular (n.m.) junction (Fatt and Katz, 1952; Liley, 1956; Boyd and Martin, 1956) and increase the sensitivity of the postjunctional membrane to depolarization by ACh and succinyl- choline (SCh) (Harris and Leach, 1968). The purpose of the present study was: a) To compare the effects of cooling on the direct and indirect Pt and Po in the same in vitro mammalian preparation; and b) to determine the effect of cooling not only on Pt and Po, but also on presynaptic ACh release and muscle- cholinesterase (ChE) activity and thereby obtain some information on the relative significance of temperature changes on the pre- and post- synaptic components of neuromuscular function. Methods Isolated Hemidiaphragm Preparation of the Rat Isolated phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations (B~lbring, 1946) of male Sprague-Dawley rats of 250 to 300 g body weight were used. This preparation was selected because its contractility and resting potential remain stable for several hours (Liillmann, 1958). Animals were stunned by a blow on the head and decapitated. The hemidiaphragms were dissected and mounted in organ baths in 70 ml mammalian Krebs' solution (NaC1 113.0; KC1 4.7; CaCI~ 2.5; KH.2PO4 1.2; MgSO4 0.6; NaHCOa 25.0 and glucose 11.5 mM). The Krebs' solution was equilibrated with 5 ~ CO.2-- 95 % 0.2 gas mixture. The resting tension of the hemidiaphragms was adjusted to 10 g. The temperature of the organ bath was kept at the desired level with a thermostatically controlled water bath. To facilitate cooling or heating, crushed ice or hot water were added to the water bath. Supramaximal, square wave stimuli (Grass $9 stimulator) of 0.2 msec and 2.0 msec duration were used for indirect and direct stimulation, respec- tively. The stimulation rate, except when stated otherwise was 0.1 Hz. Iso- metric Pt and Po were recorded with Grass FT03 force displacement trans- ducers on a Grass Model 50 polygraph. The paper speed, except when stated otherwise, was 5 mm-min -1. To eliminate the "indirect" component or direct stimulation (Foldes, Brodman, Kranzler, Underwood, and Hems- worth, 1969) complete block of n.m. transmission was produced by the addition of 2 #g. ml-~ d-tubocurarine chloride (d-Tc) to the organ bath before measurement of the control Pt. In the tetanus experiments, stimuli of 50 Hz were applied for 10 sec. The time interval between successive tetani was at least 20 rain. In addition to the measurement of the Pt and Po the twitch duration and the time to peak tension were also recorded. The paper speed during these latter measurements was 100 mm 9 sec "~. In your own words, what is the biologicalquestion that the researchers a
How temperature shift affects the speed/reactiveness of muscle twitch, or the duration of muscle twitch
Animals were stunned by a blow on the head and decapitated
that's not ok
That is what is meant by saying that the point of saturation has been reached. However powerful one country is, the other is also powerful. To hit the nail on the head, the world suffers; there can be no victory. It may be said perhaps rightly that owing to this very terrible danger, people refrain from going to war. I hope so.. The difficulty is that while Governments want to refrain from war, something suddenly happens and there is war and utter ruin. There is another thing: because of the present position in the world there can be aggression. If there is aggression anywhere in the world, it is bound to result in world war. It does not matter where the aggression is. If one commits the aggression there is world war.
Here Nehru is backing up his position not to join a pact and instead establish relations with everyone because he believes that nothing good can come out of war and all it does is make the world suffer. He suggests that if there is no aggression between countries then there would be no war and people should be afraid of what war can do to the world and refrain from having any part in it.
That is what is meant by saying that the point of saturation has been reached. However powerful one country is, the other is also powerful. To hit the nail on the head, the world suffers; there can be no victory.
Here, Prime Minister Nehru put into words the primary threat of the Cold War: nuclear war. With the concept of "mutually assured destruction" very apparent in both heavily-armed powers, the idea of warfare that could destroy the entire Earth in a very short period of time was extremely eminent.
However powerful one country is, the other is also powerful. To hit the nail on the head, the world suffers; there can be no victory.
Bringing up the concept of mutually assured destruction. No longer is war based on the power of the conflicting nations; both have bombs able to destroy the other, to such an extent that there is no point at all in fighting, the whole world would suffer from such an event (nuclear winter). Idea that the conflict between 1st world and 2nd world is utterly pointless because in the end, neither could win. There is no point in choosing a side.
At this point, the preliminary vote count was suspended, which is not in itself problematic.
This is quite a bizarre statement. It was extremely 'problematic'. The count was stopped when some subordinate of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal literally cut the power to the floor of the Civil Registry Service where the vote totals were being verified. And this was after the head of the Civil Registry Service refused to halt the count. This action of interrupting the preliminary count generated social convulsions that fed a protest movement that later toppled the government. You can't stop the damn count. In recent news articles, it came out that shortly after the stoppage, a MAS official was making death threats to the administrators of the electoral tribunals so they'd hurry up and complete the preliminary count. It was an absolute catastrophe.
This week on the podcast we ask how we maintain our emotional and mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. We also process the events of the week just gone, there’s top tips for staying healthy while working or studying at home, and we have a think about what universities and government should be doing to help. With John de Pury, Assistant Director of Policy at Universities UK and Fran Longstaff, Head of Psychology at Fika.
Interview: We should tackle COVID-19 head on, but now is not the time to cut basic research
Bergen University rector, Dag Rune Olsen, foresees a renewed fight in Brussels over the European Research Council budget. Short-termism is the most dangerous threat when we deal with crises, he says
Interview: We should tackle COVID-19 head on, but now is not the time to cut basic research. (n.d.). Science|Business. Retrieved April 22, 2020, from https://sciencebusiness.net/news/interview-we-should-tackle-covid-19-head-now-not-time-cut-basic-research
like the head of a hippopotamus
simile helps with the imagery
The most important fact about compulsory schooling is that students do not -- indeed, cannot -- choose to attend. Instead, they are required to attend, for what society deems "their own good". This is true even in the most enlightened schools. A student in such a coercive environment does not have full responsibility for their own learning. And, in my opinion, it is not possible to do serious intellectual work without full responsibility for your own learning.
He's hit the nail on the head here. There might even be an argument for the current system if there was any solid evidence that it worked. It doesn't.
“This must be that Lairen you’ve been talking about!”, resulting in a red-faced Xavier. He was quick to explain that he was just talking about the group in general, not just her, but if anything, it just amused Lairen that he was clearly talking about her, and to see him fumble when he normally was so head strong.
i think this is a really interesting and alternative view of xaviers character. i think it's a little out of voice for him, but i like that you included it
The number of people who clicked the “I’m interested!” button had far exceeded both her and Xavier’s expectations, and the dilemma of where the meeting would be held quickly sprung. The normal meeting rooms couldn’t hold everyone, that is if all 300 of them showed up. But at the same time, they felt it was not the best use of their money to rent out a hall or anything like that to host the meeting, especially if it became a weekly thing. In a moment of inspiration, the perfect area to host hit her right in the head. The development, and as Lairen always had in the back of her mind- a lack of regard for the environment, in the city now left the area lacking the earthy richness it possessed years ago. Parks were rare, and unfortunately far from where she lived, and everywhere else had buildings and roads which made a big gathering virtually impossible. However, the one gem of the city, Lairen most favorite place to visit, had plenty of room for gathering and sharing ideas. When she asked Miss Dorothy her idea, of using the farmers market as her venue for the meeting, the old lady was overjoyed. “Yes! Of course, you can” she had exclaimed. “In fact, I think its such a good idea I may just attend myself!” Fast forwarding back to today,
this seems confusing with timeframe...maybe these two paragraphs can go before the "After daily errands paragraph and then scrap "fast forwarding to today"?
Where Xavier was pushy, head strong, and assertive, Lairen was much more passive and gentler in her ways.
what if xavier was the gentle one and cried a lot
she felt a weird gaze on the back of her head.
creepy
The Shadows- Jackson
This story has so many places in which your voice is great and your message is displayed in a very descriptive manner. In situations when you are explaining the city as a whole, or the desert location, our outer rim of the city, your detail is amazing. This allows me to paint a perfect picture in my head of what all your settings look like which is something that I truly enjoy within a story. This is also very present within your storytelling as well with a very large arsenal of explanation and detail while revealing our protagonists actions better answering the plot questions. In your original draft there were a lot of unanswered questions, but I could see in places within this draft how you were able to answer some of those questions in a suitable manner. Pretty much all the leftover questions that I had were answered within the end sequence of the story. I also love the mysterious aspect of your story leaving the audience continually wondering. This aspect of your story always made me want to read forward even after I had already read the piece once. The ominous nature of some of the other characters like the couple in the fan add excitement to the story. Overall this draft was very solid filling in all the plot holes that I saw within the first draft. The vision of the story is coming together better with it now being a more cohesive piece of work. The main aspect of your story that I believe is out of choice is your overall timeline. In this second draft you were able to answer all the newly presented questions of the piece but for many just threw them in at the end. I believe that much of this information you could add as a prologue, adding other aspects of it such as Mark's death in the middle of the story shifting back between the two experiences. This would allow for your story to flow smoothly as well as add some excitement to some of the slower more descriptive scenes. This end sequence is so significant to the story allowing for you to answer the questions that are necessary. The only other concern in vision with this tory is still a slight lack of science fiction. I see how you did add some aspects to this new draft but was only found in some places. Don't be afraid to let your imagination run wild adding flairs of science fiction throughout the text. As discussed above your description is clearly a bg aspect of your voice that has been present in both drafts. The attention to detail with your writing makes it interesting to read allowing for the audience to imagine the story within your guidelines. You clearly do this well throughout the story and it definitely elevates your writing to the next level. When you are doing this the story flows well adding the necessary information. When you stray from this vision just adding information for the sake of the tory it is still solid, just potentially misplaced.
Hyperion- Vaughn The draft although significantly different from your previous one surprisingly kept to a very similar and solid storyline. The passion for your writing is a very clear aspect of your writing as I can clearly see your excitement through your writing. Now that your story has a proper ending the story flows from head to toe with all aspects of the story coming together. At first I raised my concern with the hyperion sections of writing but I believe that your ending allowed for the story to reveal the purpose of hyperion and his role within the story. It changes the story completely from being about a small time journey between two kids and a scumbag to a universe shifting happening that was much more significant than the reader could have imagined. I believe that there is a clear storyline present that you stay with to a tee. This allows your story's vision to transcend through the writing being one collective peace. Overall this draft was very thought through coming together in a way that I am sure you are happy with. In all honesty there weren't many situations where I believe that the story was out of voice. The only big shift I believed was the style/format of your writing throughout the piece. I am not sure if this was on purpose but in my eyes the writing shift has the potential to shift alongside the story. This will allow for the audience to read different aspects of the story in different manner causing the writing to have introduced effects on the reader. The only other place that I believe your voice can still be shifted back towards is hyperion's first chapter. Although the ending ties it all together allowing for the story to make sense I still feel like a connection between hyperion and the reader is not made until the end. This is important in the final stage as you want all sections of writing to reveal your vision. Other than these small apset of your story this was a very impressive draft. The thing that I believe you do when the writing is most in your voice is create an appeal/ connection between the reader and story characters. Throughout the story there are moments that you create drawing the audience into these characters. This is an effective tool within storytelling making one want to continue reading. When you do this the story is the most interesting and compelling.
GOOD ANGEL. O, Faustus, lay that damned book aside, And gaze not on it, lest it tempt thy soul, And heap God’s heavy wrath upon thy head! Read, read the Scriptures:–that is blasphemy. EVIL ANGEL. Go forward, Faustus, in that famous art Wherein all Nature’s treasure[23] is contain’d: Be thou on earth as Jove[24] is in the sky, Lord and commander of these elements.[25] [Exeunt Angels.] FAUSTUS. How am I glutted with conceit of this! Shall I make spirits fetch me what I please, Resolve[26] me of all ambiguities, Perform what desperate enterprise I will? I’ll have them fly to India for gold, Ransack the ocean for orient pearl, And search all corners of the new-found world For pleasant fruits and princely delicates; I’ll have them read me strange philosophy, And tell the secrets of all foreign kings; I’ll have them wall all Germany with brass, And make swift Rhine circle fair Wertenberg; I’ll have them fill the public schools with silk,[27] Wherewith the students shall be bravely clad;
Here is the classic good angel vs. the bad angel. The good angel is trying to convince Faustus to not fall into the dark magic, it only leads to consequences. He is trying to convince Faustus to read scriptures instead, but the dark angel is telling him to pursue the black magic. Faustus decision is made easily since he is eager to gain knowledge and to become powerful, therefore he thinks black magic will grant him that.
“Looking at the bumps and shapes of a head does not help you understand the true genetic ancestry of a population—we have proved that you can have people who look very different but are closely related.”
Molecular biology has helped the progression of the study of evolutionary biology for many species. One small change in genetic code can created different phenotypes that look very different even if the two individuals are very closely related. This made me think of two siblings that look very different but have the same parents.
Looking at the bumps and shapes of a head does not help you understand the true genetic ancestry of a population—we have proved that you can have people who look very different but are closely related.
To what extent can the bumps and shapes of the head be different from one another but still be related?
Karen Weaver, an associate clinical professor at Drexel University. She spent 14 years in the Big Ten Conference as a head coach and athletics administrator.
In this photo, I'm observing a person with crossed arms and mouth slightly open. As an interpretation, it's almost as if this photo was taken mid-discussion. I'm observing that the caption of the photo reads "Karen Weaver, an associate clinical professor at Drexel University. She spent 14 years in the Big Ten Conference as a head coach and athletic director." An interpretation of this caption is for the writer to quickly establish Weaver's credibility to speak to this topic as a "professor", "14-years in Big Ten Conference", and "head coach and athletic director".
Still, The Sword in the Stone effect has its limits. “If you bang your head against a wall too many times, you’ll quit,” Ryan says. “So there’s got to be some kind of expectation that you can break through, that it’s possible if you work or think or practice hard enough.”
some games will have small quests that tell you what to do in either a riddle or blatantly other games i have seen will have a NPC do the action so you know it can be done but you have to try a repeat it or do something else related to it.
but they had a more difficult time connecting his actions to larger structures, such as the justice system, which has historically allowed such instances to occur,
It is easier to put blame on individual people for their actions, but it is harder to wrap your head around the bigger entity at play.
An amazing read/insight into how Ping An, the world's #1 insurer is using big data to reduce costs (>$750M/y) and save customers time (62% of claims handled automatically)
In 2017, Ping An, China’s second-largest insurer and its biggest non-state-owned company by revenue, rolled out a “Superfast Onsite Investigation” system—enabling policyholders to submit claims by simply opening a smartphone app and answering a few questions. But the app’s niftiest feature offers the option to not even wait for an inspector. Instead, customers can snap photos of a damaged vehicle and send them to a Ping An computer, which can respond with a repair estimate in three minutes or less. If the customer accepts the estimate, then wancheng! (“Done!”) Ping An can transfer funds immediately. Last year, Ping An’s customers used this feature to settle 7.3 million claims, or 62% of the total. The service saves the company more than $750 million each year by reducing bogus claims and human error. But its simplicity belies the extraordinary sophistication of the artificial intelligence and data-processing operations that make it possible. To generate accurate estimates, Ping An matches photos of vehicle damage against a database of 25 million parts used in the 60,000 different auto makes and models sold in China. The system assesses whether those parts can be repaired or must be replaced, then calculates the cost of parts and labor in more than 140,000 garages. Ping An integrates all that information with face-, voice- and image-recognition tech and a complex matrix of anti-fraud rules. Ping An chief scientist Xiao Jing says it took a team of A.I. experts, data scientists, and insurance managers three years to design, develop, and integrate the new service. It is, he exults, “the only one of its kind in the world.”
These products and services have a vital feature in common: They match online data, generated by China’s digitally native consumer masses, with a vast storehouse of “offline” data and insight amassed over three decades in the insurance business.
Ping An’s leadership foresees the day when the company’s technology businesses contribute as much as half of its earnings, up from only 6% today, and compete head-to-head with pure technology plays like Alibaba Group and Tencent Holdings.
Ping An earmarks 1% of revenue for investments in innovation. Over the past 10 years, the group has plowed more than $7 billion into research and development, and Ma has vowed to invest $15 billion more in the decade to come. That endowment has nurtured 11 technology affiliates, of which two—Good Doctor and Autohome, a platform for car buyers—are publicly traded and three are privately held “unicorns” with multibillion-dollar valuations For now, only two of those five are profitable. Even so, the combined value of the group’s tech ventures tops $70 billion. (See the “Star Pupils” sidebar.)
Schulte estimates that the BAT (China’s troika of Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent) processes at least 10 times as much data every day as Ping An has acquired in its entire existence. But Ping An executives argue that quality matters more than quantity. The data its businesses collect is richer than that gleaned by the BAT, they claim, because it involves big-ticket transactions relating to health, wealth, and property—among the most meaningful decisions in customers’ lives.
In my book The Life of Dad (2018), I argue that fathers approach their role in myriad different ways dependent upon their environment but, when we look closely, all are fulfilling this teaching role. So, while Western dads might not appear to be passing on overtly practical life-skills, they do convey many of the social skills that are necessary to succeed in our competitive, capitalist world. It is still very much the case that the wheels of success in this environment are oiled by the niceties of social interaction – and knowing the rules of these interactions and the best sort of person to have them with gives you a massive head start, even if it is just dad’s knowledge of a good work placement.
in Crowley, et al. (2001), parents were 3x more likely to explain science to boys than to girls
Where parent-child attachment is concerned, the attachment between a mother and her child is best described as exclusive, an inward-looking dyad based on affection and care. In contrast, a father’s attachment to his child has elements of affection and care, but it is based on challenge.
Or waves break loud on the seashores;Where blew a flower may a flower no moreLift its head to the blows of the rain;
Im not really understanding this one.
I understand a fury in your words.But not the words
She understand the fact that he is angry but doesn't understand what he is angry about, because he is upset about an idea that Iago created in his head. Desdemona did nothing wrong, and could not possibly expect what is to come.
Or to be naked with her friend in bedAn hour or more, not meaning any harm?
While Iago is not making any accusations, he is putting the idea that Desdemona is cheating in his head, but he says it in a way so that he will not be incriminating himself. This way he turns everyone against each other so that in the end only he can win without getting his hands dirty.
poked in their head
Maybe rephrase this
“I am still the commander in chief of the armed forces of Liberia and head of state.” He called on the people of Liberia to resist Quiwonkpa and his forces.Word raced through the streets that Doe’s people were now on the rampage, ready to wreak revenge on anyone. I turned to Robert and said, “If anybody sees us on this road now, we will surely be killed.”
this whole little paragraph has been pulling my emotional strings.
Research Software Engineers (RSEs) are not the59target audience for this work, but we want to encourage you to reach out to your local60or national RSE community if your needs go beyond the rules of this work.
Not sure why you'd want to suggest RSE's not read the paper? Even if it's head-nodding in total agreement, presumably, they might use this as a resource at least?
Andrew R. Wheeler, the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, said his agency will not impose stricter controls on the tiny, lung-damaging industrial particles, known as PM 2.5, a regulatory action that has been in the works for months. The scientific evidence, he said, was insufficient to merit tightening the current emissions standard.
As the head of the environmental agency, you should take notice of the conditions. They could be worse, but they could also be far better. During a pandemic that effects lungs, you should want to tighten the reigns on lung-damaging particles that float through the air.