Annotation marks transaction. </br>The everyday business of art, as recorded–and annotated–by hand in “Notebook, 4” from the Jacques Seligmann & Co. records via the Archives of American Art at the Smithsonian Institution. #Annotate22 189/365

circle back to this...

Annotation marks the Pink House. </br>“As the sun bore down around 2:15 pm on Wednesday, Dale Gibson began affixing signs to the iron fence surrounding Mississippi’s only abortion clinic.” </br>“The fight is not over." </br>“This is not the end.” #Annotate22 188/365

Annotation marks last communications. </br>The annotated radio log of Amelia Earhart's last communications with the US Coast Guard cutter Itasca, near Howland Island, on July 1st and 2nd, 1937. Her last transmission at 8:43 am is underlined: "Wait." #Annotate22 187/365

Annotation marks “injustice and cruelty.” Annotated, typescript version of Frederick Douglass’ "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" Douglass delivered the speech on this day, July 5, 1852, in Rochester, New York. #Annotate22 186/365

Annotation marks tragedy. </br>Given today’s tragedy, a uniquely American epidemic of gun violence that ceases to pause even during the collective celebration of independence, I’m re-upping an image from entry 162 with the unfortunate addition of Highland Park. #Annotate22 185/365 Image credit: Tom Hilton.

Annotation marks "the Kafkaesque moment." </br>Franz Kafka was born on this day, July 3rd, in 1883. A letter to his father, Herman, written in 1919, includes handwritten annotations added to multiple versions, yet “The 47-page letter never reached its destination.” #Annotate22 184/365

Annotation marks civil rights. </br>Signatures and smudges mark the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Signed July 2, “The act outlawed segregation in businesses such as theaters, restaurants, and hotels. It banned discriminatory practices in employment and ended segregation in public places such as swimming pools, libraries, and public schools." #Annotate22 183/365

Annotation by(e) Denver. </br>“whereami,” a placemark added to Denver’s 39th Avenue Greenway, as part of the city's recently installed “markers” project. Goodbye, Denver, see you in a year. #Annotate22 181/365

Annotation by folly. </br>“Spend the new currency” sticker added to a compressed air dispenser circa 1983. “Since early May, more than $700 billion has been wiped out in a devastating crypto crash, plunging investors into financial ruin.” #Annotate22 180/365 Original photograph.

First!

What I really mean is: <br /> I'm bookmarking this for my digital notebook https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1474022220915128

“Something fruitful for all of us”: Social annotation as a signature pedagogy for literature education<br /> Jeffrey Clapp, Matthew DeCoursey, Sze Wah Sarah Lee, et al.<br /> First Published March 29, 2020<br /> https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022220915128

There's always something suspicious about journal articles about social annotation when there's no public sign of social annotation on them.

We've remedied this problem...

Marginalia by Billy Collins https://www.themarginalian.org/2013/07/17/billy-collins-reads-marginalia/

A poem about marginalia that is often used as an annotation exercise by educators in the social annotation space.

Other versions with Hypothes.is annotations: - https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/marginalia/ - https://bookpeopleblog.com/2011/04/11/poem-of-the-day-marginalia-by-billy-collins/ - https://readalittlepoetry.wordpress.com/2007/02/28/marginalia-by-billy-collins/<br /> - https://genius.com/1350507

See also: - https://hypothes.is/search?q=%22billy+collins%22+%22marginalia%22 - https://web.hypothes.is/blog/back-to-school-with-annotation-10-ways-to-annotate-with-students/#annotations:AVNW3KKOH9ZO4OKSlHwN

Heard about this at the Hypothes.is SOCIAL LEARNING SUMMIT: Spotlight on Social Reading & Social Annotation

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1cb3kMkKrcu7h7x1_Il8PZVGwhkkcGR4d2HB89ZhHxjk/edit#slide=id.p

Slides from Amanda Licastro from the Hypothes.is "SOCIAL LEARNING SUMMIT: Spotlight on Social Reading & Social Annotation"

annotations here: https://docdrop.org/video/dqJzRAu6IQY/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqJzRAu6IQY

Annotation by JSTOR Daily. </br>“On June 25, 1978, the ninth anniversary of the Stonewall Riot in New York City, Harvey Milk gave an impassioned speech to his fellow San Franciscans celebrating Gay Freedom Day.” As Pride Month comes to an end, and given the many challenges of the moment, June's “Annotations” entry is a must read (and thank you Liz Tracey for curating this and all the excellent posts in this series). #Annotate22 179/365

So tired yesterday I forgot to annotate. #Annotate22 178/365

Parents, any annotated pictures to share? #Annotate22 160/365

Annotation by rainbow light. </br>7 years ago, June 26, 2015. Jim Obergefell said Friday: “When one right is taken away, every other right we’ve come to rely on in this country is at risk. It’s a dark day for civil rights in our nation." #Annotate22 177/365 Image credit: GPA Photo Archive/David Shelby.

A major benefit of working in public is that it invites immediate feedback (hopefully positive, constructive criticism) from anyone who might be reading it including pre-built audiences, whether this is through social media or in a classroom setting utilizing discussion or social annotation methods.

This feedback along the way may help to further find flaws in arguments, additional examples of patterns, or links to ideas one may not have considered by themselves.

Sadly, depending on your reader's context and understanding of your work, there are the attendant dangers of context collapse which may provide or elicit the wrong sorts of feedback, not to mention general abuse.

Annotation by The New York Times. </br>“Support for abortion is actually higher than it was a decade ago, but the partisan divide over it is growing wider.” Annotation by Sheryl Gay Stolberg, part of Times’ “The Dobbs v. Jackson Decision, Annotated.” #Annotate22 176/365

Annotation by Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan. </br>“With sorrow—for this Court, but more, for the many millions of American women who have today lost a fundamental constitutional protection—we dissent.” A somber, final comment added in response to today’s opinion. #Annotate22 175/365

Annotation by Alan Turing. </br>Corrections, comments, and labeled code added to “the Prof’s book,” a report describing the methods Alan Turing and colleagues at Bletchley Park used to break the Enigma cipher. Turing was born on this day, June 23rd, in 1912. #Annotate22 174/365

https://www.zylstra.org/blog/2022/06/adding-an-index/

Tonz has an index now too!

Annotation by Octavia Butler. </br>Revisions by Butler to an early draft of Kindred (working title “To Keep Thee in all Thy Ways"). This lovely Huntington Library post includes examples of her notes, drafts, and drawings. Butler was born on this day, June 22nd, in 1947. #Annotate22 173/365

Modeling annotation and note taking can allow students to see that their voices matter in conversation with the "greats" of knowledge. We can and should question authority. Even if one's internal voice questions as one reads, that might be enough, but modeling active reading and note taking can better underline and empower these modes of thought.

There are certainly currents within American culture that we can and should question authority.

Sadly some parts of conservative American culture are reverting back to paternalized power structures of "do as I say and not as I do" which leads to hypocrisy and erosion of society.

Education can be used as a means of overcoming this, though it requires preventing the conservative right from eroding this away from the inside by removing books and certain thought from the education process that prevents this. Extreme examples of this are Warren Jeff's control of religion, education, and social life within his Mormon sect.

Link to: - Lawrence Principe examples of the power establishment in Western classical education being questioned. Aristotle wasn't always right. The entire history of Western science is about questioning the status quo. (How can we center this practice not only in science, but within the humanities?)

My evolving definition of active reading now explicitly includes the ideas of annotating the text, having a direct written conversation with it, questioning it, and expanding upon it. I'm not sure I may have included some or all of these in it before. This is what "reading with a pen in hand" (or digital annotation tool) should entail. What other pieces am I missing here which might also be included?

https://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/effective-teaching-strategies/bringing-theories-to-practice-universal-design-principles-and-the-use-of-social-annotation-to-support-neurodivergent-students/

A very brief primer on UDL and how Hypothes.is and social annotation might fit within its framework. There seems to be a stronger familiarity with Hypothes.is as a tool and a bit less familiarity with UDL, or perhaps they just didn't bind the two together as tightly as they might have.

I'm definitely curious to look more closely at the UDL framework to see what we might extract from it.

The title features neurodiversity, but doesn't deliver on the promise.

An interesting reframing would be that of social annotation with the idea of modality shifts, particularly for neurodiverse students.

I'm not sure I agree here as one can take other annotations from various texts throughout a course and link them together to create new ideas and knowledge within the margins themselves. Of course, at some point the ideas need to escape the margins to potentially take shape with a class wiki, new essays, papers, journal articles or longer pieces.

Use of social annotation across several years of a program this way may help to super-charge students' experiences.

Teachers can model their own reading and annotating practices for students, but this can be expanded when using social annotation. This will allow students to show each other a wider variety of potential note taking and annotation strategies which help to reinforce the teacher's own modeling. This can be useful modelling of a practice in public which has historically been done privately.

By featuring notes which might be reused for papers or developing later research, teachers can also feature the portions of the note taking process which can be reused for developing new ideas. How might annotations within a text be linked to each other outside of the particular flow of the paper? Might there have been different orderings for the arguments that may have been clearer?

What ideas in the broader class might the ideas within a particular text be linked to? What ideas outside of the class can be linked to those found within the text?

In less experienced groups, teachers might occasionally call out individual annotations in discussion to ask the group for what purposes a student might have annotated specific portions to highlight the various methods and reasons.

What are the list of particular note types here? - Paraphrasing segments to self-test for understanding - Creation of spaced repetition type notes for memorizing definitions and facts - Conversations with the text/original author and expansion of the ideas - Questioning the original text, do we agree/disagree? - Linking ideas from the text into one's broader knowledge base - Highlighting quotes for later reuse - others??

Link to - double-entry journaling in Bruce Ballenger<br /> - types of questions one might ask within a text, Ballenger again

Teaching reading strategies to students improves their overall academic performance, but this instruction is often limited to developmental reading or study skills courses.

ref: Saxby, Lori Eggers. “Efficacy of a College Reading Strategy Course: Comparative Study.” Journal of Developmental Education 40, no. 3 (2017): 36-38.

Using Hypothes.is as a tool in a variety of courses can help to teach reading strategies and thereby improve students' overall academic performance.

Annotation by #craiyon. </br>The prompt “annotation” created by Craiyon “an AI model that can draw images from any text prompt.” Pleased that prompts for “marginalia” and “illuminated manuscript fever dream” generated such similar images. https://www.craiyon.com/ #Annotate22 172/365

Annotation by Schwitters. </br>“Large S” numbered, dated, and signed by artist Kurt Schwitters. Schwitters was born on this day, June 20th, in 1887. His birthday is a nice occasion to consider how collage expresses the practice of annotation. #Annotate22 171/365

In diesem Leitfaden können wir gemeinsam lesen, markieren, kommentieren und diskutieren. Let's go!

Annotation by Major General Gordon Granger. </br>Signed and stamped General Order No. 3: “The people of Texas are informed that in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, ‘all slaves are free.’” Dated June 19th, 1865. #Juneteenth #Annotate22 170/365

https://spencergreenhalgh.com/myself/embedding-hypothesis-as-a-commenting-system-on-hugo-static-sites/

Social annotation at it's deepest and finest!

Annotation by Dorinda Hartmann. </br>On this evening, June 18th in 1955, Surgeon General Scheele discussed the polio vaccine and its safety in a national broadcast. Last year, Hartmann annotated it for #AnnotateLoC, the Speculative Annotation project from Library of Congress Labs. Today, June 18th of 2022, the CDC recommended COVID vaccines for young children. #Annotate22 169/365 Image credit: Dorinda Hartmann, created using Speculative Annotation, a project of Library of Congress Labs.

https://web.hypothes.is/education/annotated/scholarship-about-hypothesis

Annotation by Stravinsky. </br>Declaration of Intention for U.S. citizenship signed by Igor Stravinsky. In response to "I was born on__" Stravinsky notes June 18, though multiple sources (including family) confirm it was on this day, June 17, in 1882. #Annotate22 168/365

Annotation by Tupac. </br>“A 1992 handwritten essay from Tupac Amaru Shakur titled 'Give me Liberty or Give me Death’” includes multiple insertions, deletions and corrections. Tupac was born on this day, June 16th, in 1971. #Annotate22 167/365

The course Marginalia in Books from Christopher Ohge is just crying out to have an annotated syllabus.

Wish I could follow along directly, but there's some excellent reference material hiding in the brief outline of the course.

Perhaps a list of interesting people here too for speaking at https://iannotate.org/ 2022 hiding in here? A session on the history of annotation and marginalia could be cool there.

https://www.sas.ac.uk/events/event/25322

<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Jeremy Cherfas</span> (email) (<time class='dt-published'>06/16/2022 07:18:14</time>)</cite></small>

Annotation by MALDEF, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund. </br>“Every child deserves a fair chance to learn and thrive.” This annotated timeline–with historical context, links to the legal record, and media coverage–is a must read on the 40th anniversary of Plyler v. Doe. #Annotate22 166/365

Annotation by @oneredhen and @theartoffunnews. </br> Our family’s copy of just in case you want to fly. With inscriptions by Julie Fogliano and Christian Robinson, the signed book remains one of our toddler's favorite bedtime stories years after our first read. #Annotate22 165/365

Annotation by W.B. Yeats. </br>“First typed copy with W.B. Yeats’ corrections in his own hand.” An annotated copy of Yeats’ poem “Easter, 1916” about the Easter Rising against British Rule (see also Annotate22 entry 114). Yeats was born on this day, June 13th, in 1865. #Annotate22 164/365 Image credit: The Huntington Library.

Annotation by Anne Frank. </br>“She was incorporating various versions, which she had written at different times, in some cases in cursive and in some cases she printed it out in different inks.” Anne Frank was born on this day, June 12th, in 1929. #Annotate22 163/365

Annotation by marcher. </br> Columbine Red Lake HS Virginia Tech Fort Hood Aurora Sandy Hook Navy Yard Charleston San Bernardino Orlando Las Vegas Sutherland Springs Marjory Stoneman Douglas

Annotated flag stripes. #MarchForOurLivesJune11 marchforourlives.com/march22/ #Annotate22 162/365 Image credit: Tom Hilton.

Annotation by E.O. Wilson. </br>"The occasion, he continued, deserved a special big ant. He drew the ant in the image below." The eminent biologist and author E.O. Wilson often added ants to his inscriptions when signing books. He was born on this day, June 10th, in 1929. #Annotate22 161/365

Annotation by George Orwell. </br>“The document shows countless corrections and revisions in Orwell’s hand. It is the only one of Orwell’s literary manuscripts that survives.” Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four was published on this day, June 8th, in 1949. #Annotate22 159/365

Annotation by Gwendolyn Brooks. </br>“For the Frazier-Ali fight, Brooks was commissioned to write a poem which appeared in the official program.” Extensive annotation and revision of the poem "Black Steel" by Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Gwendolyn Brooks who was born on this day, June 7th, in 1917. #Annotate22 158/365

Annotation by The Upshot. </br>“Mass shootings in which one of four gun policies might have had an effect are highlighted.” An analysis by The Upshot, from The New York Times, showing how “four measures could have affected shootings that killed 446" since Columbine. #Annotate22 156/365

Annotation by the National Constitution Center. </br>"The original Constitution left voting primarily to the states. Like the 15th Amendment, the women's suffrage amendment provided Congress with a new role in enforcing voting rights—this time, to prevent gender discrimination at the ballot box." Congress, by joint resolution, approved the women's suffrage amendment on this day, June 4th, in 1919. #Annotate22 155/365

Annotation by Oskarina Fuentes Anaya. <br>“She’s convinced the client wants every tree—likely thousands—to be outlined individually.” MIT Technology Review series on AI colonialism featuring in-depth reporting on data labeling as exploitative labor. #Annotate22 154/365

Annotation by foot. </br>Our toddler recently celebrated his third birthday. These two footprints–added with gentle care to our Baby Book when he was but moments old–are lovely marginalia. Annotation is an everyday practice that makes memory and meaning visible. #Annotate22 153/365

Annotation by Gilbert Baker. </br> “Numbered 001, this Rainbow LGBT flag created by Gilbert Baker is mounted on a white board in a black frame and includes the eight original colors from the 1978 San Francisco Pride Parade. The colors and their corresponding meanings are: hot pink - sex; red – life; orange – healing; yellow – sunlight; green – nature; turquoise - magic or art; indigo – serenity; and violet - spirit.” Baker gave this original, signed and numbered, hand-dyed cotton flag to President Obama on June 9th, 2016. Happy Pride! #Annotate22 152/365 Image credit: National Archives.

Annotation for this broad and majestic universe. </br>From The Walt Whitman Archive: “Whitman probably drafted this manuscript in the early 1850s as he was composing the first (1855) edition of Leaves of Grass.” Walt Whitman was born on this day, May 31st, in 1819. #Annotate22 151/365

Annotation for Memorial Day. </br>“For all who sacrificed | Thank you” </br>Two ephemeral notes have been added to today’s Google Search results for “Memorial Day,” with both notes appearing above a single row of red poppy flowers. #Annotate22 150/365

Annotation for restoration. </br>“To slow the inevitable long decay of the books, and to protect them from dust and acidic particles seeping in from city traffic, new microthin clear covers, or 'slip cases,' are being designed for each volume.” On restoration efforts to preserve The Library of Trinity College Dublin's "700,000 books, manuscripts, busts and other artifacts." #Annotate22 149/365

Annotation for facts about gun violence. </br>Two nights ago the New York Yankees and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays didn’t cover the game–rather, both teams used their Twitter platforms to share the same set of facts about gun violence. Yankees added a “citation” for facts, Rays noted a “source.” #Annotate22 148/365

Annotation for preparation. </br>“Americans can once again order free COVID-19 tests from the federal government by visiting COVIDtests.gov. In this round, the USPS will deliver eight free rapid antigen tests to any household in the U.S. that wants them.” #Annotate22 136/365

Annotation for Bob, the Non-Starving Artist. </br>“We miss you, Bob. Here’s to your legacy and all you did to nourish our community.” Join me at the dedication of the Bob Ragland Branch, the newest branch of the Denver Public Library, next Saturday, June 4th at 11:30 am. More info. #Annotate22 147/365

Annotation for Migrant Mother and Children. </br>A handwritten log sheet indicating over a dozen publications in which Dorothea Lange’s iconic picture of Florence Owens Thompson appeared from 1936-1940. Lange was born on this day, May 26th, in 1895. #Annotate22 146/365

Annotation for fading art. </br>“There is no example of this erasure more striking than the continual destruction, removal or slow vanishing of much of the street art produced in the wake of Floyd’s killing.” The Great Erasure by Charles M. Blow. #Annotate22 145/365

Annotation for What hath God wrought? </br>· — — · · · · · — — </br>· · · · · — — · · · · </br>— — · · · — · · </br>· — — · · · · · · · — — — · · · · · — </br> The first long-distance telegraph message, printed in Morse code, was transmitted from Baltimore to Washington, D.C., on this day, May 24th, in 1844. #Annotate22 144/365 Image credit: National Museum of American History.

Annotation for Violation of Section 88, Title 18. </br>Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were shot to death on this day, May 23rd, in 1934. In February of 1935, nearly two-dozen family and friends were prosecuted as detailed in Bonnie and Clyde’s criminal case file. #Annotate22 143/365 Image credit: U.S. District Court for the Dallas Division of the Northern District of Texas, National Archives and Records Administration.

Annotation for buoying vessels over shoals. </br>“It is no wonder that Lincoln’s invention has been relegated to the marginalia of Lincoln scholarship.” Abraham Lincoln’s adjustable buoyant air chambers were issued as Patent No. 6,469 on this day, May 22nd, in 1849. #Annotate22 142/365 Image credit: Abraham Lincoln/United States Patent Office, accessed via Library of Congress. Image credit: David and Jessie Cowhig.

Annotation for aviation. </br>A piece of "Original Fabric" added to a description of the Lockheed Vega 5B plane flown by Amelia Earhart. She became the first woman to make a nonstop transatlantic solo flight and landed near Derry, Northern Ireland, on this day in 1932. #Annotate22 141/365 Image credit: San Diego Air and Space Museum.

I would like to see how PowerNotes compares to Hypothes(is). I think annotation is a major opportunity for the digital, online space in education.

Annotation for segregation. </br>“Closed” </br>A handwritten sign–added to a restaurant door at the Greyhound bus station in Birmingham, Alabama–read by Freedom Riders Lucretia Collins, Catherine Brooks, and John Lewis. The Freedom Rides began 61 years ago this month. #Annotate22 140/365 Image credit: Alabama Department of Archives and History.

Annotation for #May19Project. </br>“Keep expanding your horizon, decolonize your mind, and cross borders.” - Yuri Kochiyama </br>“The only way we’ll get freedom for ourselves is to identify ourselves with every oppressed people in the world.” - Malcolm X </br> “Inspired by the shared birthdays of Malcolm X and Yuri Kochiyama, May 19th Project is a campaign to promote solidarity within Asian and Pacific Island communities and with all communities.” Created by Renee Tajima-Peña and Jeff Chang. #Annotate22 139/365 Image credit: Quench Your Eyes.

Annotation for forecast. </br>It's currently 81 F in Denver, CO. The forecast for Friday suggests a 40 degree drop + 5” of snow (another inch on Saturday!). A red flag warning, for wind, paired with a winter storm watch, for snow. WTF weather next to the Rockies. #Annotate22 138/365

Annotation for eating stars. </br>“They flew into outer space. Ting told Ling with her mind to eat the stars.” Tonight's bedtime story Ling & Ting: Twice as Silly by Grace Lin with redaction, addition, and the major plot twist of mind reading with star eating. Toddler loved it! #Annotate22 137/365

Loving this website anyways!

Any thoughts guys??

Does any one know how this works?

Annotation for cancellation. </br>“The New York Times wrote an opinion about student debt. This opinion is a bad one. It’s so bad, we annotated it. Our edits are bolded, and in all caps.” Must read analysis by The Debt Collective, h/t Astra Taylor. #Annotate22 135/365

Annotation for wayfinding. </br>Yesterday my son and I visited Children’s Hospital Colorado and were greeted by this useful mix of 11 red arrows, hand-drawn and pointing in multiple directions, some with small black interior arrows, taped to a STOP sign. Helpful! #Annotate22 134/365

Our genetic make-up is pre-determined. Our external and even certain genetic mutations but the environment plays a huge role on how each of our personalities are shaped, validated, molded and how we perceive ourselves and accept ourselves.

Leaving more as a note for myself, some annotation rss tricks from Chris Aldrich

Notes on this blog

https://hypothes.is/stream.rss?wildcard_uri=https://cogdogblog.com/*

Also explore https://annotations.lindylearn.io

e.g. https://annotations.lindylearn.io/domain/cogdogblog.com

Annotation for astrophysics. </br>“Sgr A April 7, 2017” </br>The first image of Sagittarius A the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way: "Ring-like images dominate the wide range of images obtained across multiple methods." #Annotate22 133/365

Annotation for direction. </br>"When you come to a fork in the road, take it." </br>"Yogi Berra Way" street sign added to the Montclair, NJ, neighborhood where Berra lived. Edgewood Rd/Ter is a loop and the road winds up where it starts. Berra was born on this day, May 12, in 1925. #Annotate22 132/365

Annotation for documenting glacier loss. </br>The years “1911” and “2016” added to repeat photographs of Grinnell Glacier documenting glacier loss over 105 years. Glacier National Park was established on this day, May 11th, in 1910 by President Taft. #Annotate22 131/365 Image credit: Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center/USGS.

"I'd want to learn a lot from Professor Zimmerman so that I may obtain as much information as possible and use it in reality. It's not about the work."

"I didn't fully understand it at the time, but throughout my time as a freshman at Boston College I've realized that I have the power to alter myself for the better and broaden my perspective on life. For most of my high school experience, I was holding to antiquated thoughts that had an impact on the majority of my daily interactions. Throughout my life, growing up as a single child has affected the way am in social interactions. This was evident in high school class discussions, as I did not yet have the confidence to be talkative and participate even up until the spring term of my senior year."

"Specifically, when one of my classmates stated how he was struggling with the concept and another one of my classmates took the initiative to clarify it, I realized that that individual possibilities vary greatly among students."

"The need to engage with people in terms of evaluating them for the aim of acquiring a different point of view was one occasion this semester where the knowledge I received in class positively changed the way I approached an issue. I was patient enough to explore other perspectives, some of which disagreed with mine, so that I might learn about their opinions without bias or prejudice."

Annotation for contextualizing heritage and hatred. </br>“Her response provided insight into the intimate connections between monuments, white public schools, and town celebrations of the Confederate past.” From Dr. Karen L. Cox’s excellent book No Common Ground. #Annotate22 130/365

Annotation for The Best Arguments Against Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency and Blockchain. From David Golumbia: “This is my attempt to provide a curated, annotated selection of the best critical work on these topics.” A comprehensive garbology reader. #Annotate22 129/365

Annotation for holotype. </br>“4928.” A handwritten label added to the skull of USNM V 4928, a triceratops holotype: “It’s the gold standard for a species.” The CU Boulder triceratops returns to the Smithsonian after 41 years, safe travels. #Annotate22 128/365

Annotation for teachers. </br>“How do we become better storytellers of the craft of teaching?” </br>As #TeacherAppreciationWeek ends, an annotated poster about teaching and learning. Thank you, educators, for supporting our learners, their families, and communities. #Annotate22 127/365

Annotation for 3:59.4. </br>“Here at the Iffley Road Track the first sub-four minute mile was run on 6th May 1954 by Roger Bannister.” A plaque at the University of Oxford marks Bannister’s achievement 68 years ago today. Hicham El Guerrouj's current WR is 3:43.13. #Annotate22 126/365

Annotation for #RedDressDay. <br>Today, May 5th, is a day of awareness for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls, and Two-Spirit People #MMIW #MMIWG2S. Read about artist Jaime Black’s 2010 “REDress Project” and the lasting power of symbols, awareness, and civic action (as with the removal and reimagining of a statue on February 14, 2022). #Annotate22 125/365 Image credit: Luc (@lcfrst2; shared with permission).

Annotation for The Torah of Reproductive Justice. </br>An “Annotated Source Sheet” by Rabbi Danya Ruttenberg because: “Learning the sources that undergird Judaism’s approach to reproductive rights can help illuminate one of the major struggles of our day in new and, sometimes, surprising ways.” With original textual analysis and commentary shared via Sefaria. #Annotate22 124/365

Annotation for reproductive health. </br>“The general assembly affirms the fundamental right of individual Coloradans to make their own reproductive health-care decisions.” Five signatures and the date added to Colorado's Reproductive Health Equity Act when signed into law on April 4th, 2022. #Annotate22 123/365

Annotation for taxation. </br>“The medium is the message...The time is now for childcare, healthcare, and climate action for all. Tax the Rich." U.S. congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez at last year’s ​​Met Gala. I am curious what notes will accompany this year’s theme “Gilded Glamour” at the 2022 Met Gala. #Annotate22 122/365

Annotation for workers. </br>“Going through the ruins of capitalism towards the international brotherhood of working people!" The Caption of a 1920 poster from the archive of Kyiv’s Ukrainian Evangelical Theological Seminary. Today is #MayDay #InternationalWorkersDay. #Annotate22 121/365 Image credit: Ukrainian Evangelical Theological Seminary, Library of UETS, accessed via USC Libraries.

Annotation in rhetorical analysis. </br>“Repetition and ‘they-you’ framing are tools commonly used by populist and authoritarian leaders.” A New York Times analysis of Carlson’s rhetoric on the ruling class, replacement through immigration, shifting gender roles, discrimination against white people, and the destruction of society. #Annotate22 120/365

Annotation in tempo. </br>The 1935 annotated score of Duke Ellington’s “Reminiscing in tempo,” composed as a tribute to his mother (and yes, I certainly noticed how the score was labeled). The eminent composer and band leader was born on this day, April 29th, in 1899. #Annotate22 119/365

Annotation in graduation. </br> “They threaten to take away your degree and kick you out of the university / Students are afraid to be who they are / So they hide out of fear until they get out / I will not hide / I will be seen / In front of the entire school” A pride flag sewn into Jillian Orr’s graduation gown. Congratulations, Jillian! #Annotate22 118/365

Annotation in time. </br>“There is no human invention more ancient, or more interesting, than that of the sun-dial.” The opening note of Margaret Gatty’s 1872 The Book of Sun-Dials. And one mark and measure of time from yesterday’s visit to the Denver Botanic Gardens. #Annotate22 117/365

The randomness of interesting tidbits in a social media scroll help to put us in a state of flow. We get small hits of dopamine from finding interesting posts to fill in the gaps of the boring bits in between and suddenly find we've lost the day. As a result an endless scroll of varying quality might have the effect of making one feel productive when in fact a reasonably large proportion of your time is spent on useless and uninteresting content.

This effect may be put even further out when it's done algorithmically and the dopamine hits become more frequent. Potentially worse than this, the depth of the insight found in most social feeds is very shallow and rarely ever deep. One is almost never invited to delve further to find new insights.

How might a social media stream of content be leveraged to help people read more interesting and complex content? Could putting Jacques Derrida's texts into a social media-like framing create this? Then one could reply to the text by sentence or paragraph with their own notes. This is similar to the user interface of Hypothes.is, but Hypothes.is has a more traditional reading interface compared to the social media space. What if one interspersed multiple authors in short threads? What other methods might work to "trick" the human mind into having more fun and finding flow in their deeper and more engaged reading states?

Link this to the idea of fun in Sönke Ahrens' How to Take Smart Notes.

Annotation in AI Dreams. </br>Examples of AI-generated art using the prompts “annotation,” “marginalia,” “note added to text,” and “annotated book.” Created for today’s #ds106 @ds106dc #tdc3757 via WOMBO's Dream application, and as organized by Kevin Hodgson (thanks Kevin!). #Annotate22 116/365

Annotation in motion. </br>Stamped passport showing the Queen of Jazz’s travels in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Britain, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia. Ella Fitzgerald was born on this day, April 25th, in 1917. #Annotate22 115/365

Which one?

Annotation in proclamation. </br>“In the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, summons her children to her flag and strikes for her freedom.” The Proclamation of the Republic was read on this day, April 24th, in 1916 during the Easter Rising. #Annotate22 114/365 Image credit: National Museum of Ireland. Original photograph.

Annotation in vinyl. </br>“Thy word is true from the beginning, and every one of Thy righteous judgments endureth for ever.” Psalm 119:160 and a tree engraved in Jon Batiste's Hollywood Africans (and congrats, Jon, on your recent Grammy awards!). It's #RecordStoreDay shop local! #Annotate22 113/365

Annotation in red.

“No Plan B”

Because “There is No Planet B”

Today is #EarthDay. #Annotate22 112/365

Image credit: Ivan Radic.

People have evolved as social animals and this extends to thinking and interacting. We think better when we think socially (in groups) as opposed to thinking alone.

This in part may be why solo reading and annotating improves one's thinking because it is a form of social annotation between the lone annotator and the author. Actual social annotation amongst groups may add additonal power to this method.

I personally annotate alone, though I typically do so in a publicly discoverable fashion within Hypothes.is. While the audience of my annotations may be exceedingly low, there is at least a perceived public for my output. Thus my thinking, though done alone, is accelerated and improved by the potential social context in which it's done. (Hello, dear reader! 🥰) I can artificially take advantage of the social learning effects even if the social circle may mathematically approach the limit of an audience of one (me).

great quote

How can social annotation practices take advantage of these sorts of active learning processes? What might be done in a flipped classroom setting to get students to use social annotation on a text prior to a lecture and have the questions and ideas from these sessions brought into the lecture space for discussion, argument, and expansion?

Learning has been shown to be linked to engagement with peers in social situations over guidance from faculty mentors.

Cross reference: David F. Feldon et al., “Postdocs’ Lab Engagement Predicts Trajectories of PhD Students’ Skill Development,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (October 2019): 20910–16

Are there areas where this is not the case? Are there areas where this is more the case than not?

Is it our evolution as social animals that has heightened this effect? How could this be shown? (Link this to prior note about social evolution.)

Is it the ability to scaffold out questions and answers and find their way by slowly building up experience with each other that facilitates this effect?

Could this effect be seen in annotating texts as well? If one's annotations become a conversation with the author, is there a learning benefit even when the author can't respond? By trying out writing about one's understanding of a text and seeing where the gaps are and then revisiting the text to fill them in, do we gain this same sort of peer engagement? How can we encourage students to ask questions to the author and/or themselves in the margins? How can we encourage them to further think about and explore these questions? Answer these questions over time?

A key part of the solution is not just writing the annotations down in the first place, but keeping them, reviewing over them, linking them together, revisiting them and slowly providing answers and building solutions for both themselves and, by writing them down, hopefully for others as well.

Annotation in the woods. </br>“An 1861 note tells how Congress extinguished the Indian title to the land that became Muir Woods, and an 1869 note mentions how John Muir - the famous naturalist for whom the park is named - included racist language in writings about indigenous people.” Muir was born on this day, April 21, in 1838. His legacy requires a more complete and contextual assessment, and this project is an important model of annotation helping to publicly correct the historical record. #Annotate22 111/365

Annotation in Theatrum Botanicum. </br>“1. Cannabis spuria prima. The first bastard Hempe. 3. Cannabis spuria tertia. The third bastard Hempe.” </br>Captions in John Parkinson's "Theatrum Botanicum" published 1640. Happy #420day from Denver, legalize weed nationwide. #Annotate22 110/365

OK, let's break down these terms: * multicenter: the study was conducted studying animals at multiple clinics/locations * prospective: study subjects are enrolled and followed BEFORE the disease or the outcome is observed (in this case the painful procedure/analgesic response. Prospective studies tend to be less prone to bias, compared to retrospective studies (like evaluating historical patient records of prior disase/treatment/outcome). * randomized: enrolled subjects are assigned to treatment or control groups randomly. Randomization can be an effective way to minimize intentional or unintentional bias in a study. For example, in a non-randomized study an investigator might (intentionally or unintentionally) place all of the younger subjects in the control group and the older subjects in the treatment group. Now you have two things that could contribute to a difference between controls and treatments, the actual treatment AND AGE. So if there was an improvement in the treatment group, which thing did it, treatment or age? Randomization reduces the occurrence of biases like that. * masked : this is also called blinded. In masking, one or more categories of study workers are blinded as to whether subjects are in the treatment group or the control group. I'd have to look at the full experimental write-up to know exactly who was blinded, but at a minimum the study workers assessing the analgesia should be blinded as to whether they are observing a treatment, or a control animal. This can be complicated! A vehicle control cat is unlikely to be dysphoric/euphoric, so if I am a study worker and I see a dysphoric cat, I will likely be biased to assume that it has been treated with drug, and that could in turn bias my assessment of its pain. * vehicle control : this is a form of placebo control. the treatment group gets vehicle+drug, the control group gets only vehicle. You will also read about "active control". In this case it is an intramuscular injection of bupe. This allows a comparison between all the things that can interfere with transdermal absorption, and an administration of bupe that bypasses the vagaries of transdermal absorption and lets the investigators know what a more reliably absorbed, roughly equivalent dose, is capable of. Placebo controls and vehicle controls are also related to masking/blinding. In the ideal world, almost no one should know whether a patient got the control treatment or the test treatment, until the study is completed and the data analyzed. This reduces bias in assessing the effect of the treatment. * pilot : a pilot study is an early study, often used to explore dose, timing, effectiveness in a smaller number of animals to aid in designing a larger subsequent study.

Remember, the two basic things that FDA requires for approval are 1) actual evidence that establishes the drug is an effective treatment for the specific indications in the application (in this case post operative analgesia in cats) and 2) typical use of the drug is unlikely to cause injury that is disproportionate to the risk that the disease presents. For example, most anticancer drugs may cause injury, but the diseases that they treat have a much greater risk of injury if left untreated. But there would be a much higher expectation of safety in a drug to treat kennel cough, a disease which is rarely fatal and often self-limiting. So here, in this data we'll see studies designed to provide evidence of effectiveness, and studies designed to provide evidence of safety.

This drug is not exactly an earth-shaking discovery. "BuTrans", from the notorious Purdue Pharma (in a legal settlement, Purdue Pharma agreed to disband as a business) was FDA approved for humans in 1981, is a transdermal buprenorphine patch.

Beyond our scope, don't worry about this.

Inclusion and Exclusion criteria are important! Remember, you are trying to keep the treatment group and control group as similar to each other as possible.

To me, the executive summary (not sure why they call it that!) seems to be pretty dialed-down for a non technical audience. This is a great skill to get better at, although at points the basic language can get a bit confusing

This concept is called dose proportionality, and it is a really handy thing to know. What they are saying here is that beyond a dose of 30mg/cat you lose dose proportionality. This implies that below that dose, if you double the dose you should see approximately a doubling of plasma concentration--That's dose proportionality!

This is a nice & clear explanation of "flip-flop kinetics"! Far more common is the situation in which absorption is fast, compared to the slower elimination. In that far more common scenario, half-life (aka terminal half-life) is driven by clearance. Here, the rate of absorption is so slow that whatever drug is absorbed is quickly distributed and cleared (but of course during that process some drug gets to its CNS targets and binds (tightly!) to them.

Not surprising since bupe is really, really lipophilic.

this is an example where oversimplification distorts the facts. "bind as strongly" is not accurate, and it disagrees with "high binding affinity" in the previous paragraph. Bupe does bind with very high affinity to the mu opioid receptor. It is a partial agonist because that tight binding is not capable of causing the conformational change in the receptor that is necessary to produce a maximal receptor response. The ability to fully activate a receptor is not a function of the tightness of binding (if that was the case naloxone, which also binds tightly, would be a full agonist). It is a function of whether the binding induces the 3-d changes in the receptor that cause it to signal its activation to the interior of the cell.