245 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. Résumé de la vidéo [00:00:10][^1^][1] - [00:28:18][^2^][2]:

      Cette vidéo présente une conférence sur l'attention et le déficit d'attention, soulignant l'importance de l'attention dans la navigation à travers des situations complexes et la manière dont notre cerveau traite les informations. Ilaria S., professeur au Département des neurosciences fondamentales de l'Université de Genève, explique les mécanismes neuronaux de l'attention et comment différents outils d'investigation aident à comprendre cette fonction cognitive essentielle. Nader P., psychiatre, discute ensuite du trouble déficit de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH), abordant les controverses et les critères de diagnostic.

      Points saillants: + [00:00:10][^3^][3] Introduction à la conférence * Présentation du thème de la santé mentale * Annonce des intervenants et de leurs sujets + [00:03:06][^4^][4] L'importance de l'attention * Explication des fonctions et des mécanismes de l'attention * Démonstration de la capacité de l'attention à filtrer les informations + [00:19:56][^5^][5] Le trouble déficit de l'attention (TDAH) * Discussion sur le TDAH et ses controverses * Explication des critères de diagnostic et de l'impact du TDAH + [00:27:02][^6^][6] Impact environnemental sur le TDAH * Influence de l'environnement sur la fréquence du diagnostic * Comparaison du TDAH avec d'autres pathologies mentales Résumé de la vidéo [00:28:21][^1^][1] - [00:50:10][^2^][2]:

      Cette partie de la vidéo aborde le trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH), en mettant en lumière les aspects neurodéveloppementaux, génétiques et les mythes associés. L'orateur explique que le TDAH est caractérisé par un retard de développement cérébral et une forte héritabilité génétique. Il souligne également l'impact significatif du TDAH sur la vie des individus, y compris les défis professionnels, académiques et sociaux. La discussion porte aussi sur les traitements, en déconstruisant les idées reçues sur les médicaments et en soulignant leur efficacité et sécurité.

      Points saillants: + [00:28:21][^3^][3] Neurodéveloppement du TDAH * Retard de développement cérébral chez les personnes atteintes * Zones antérieures du cerveau affectées, impactant le fonctionnement exécutif * Dysfonction des systèmes dopamineergique et noradrénergique + [00:32:00][^4^][4] Mythes et réalités du TDAH * Prévalence chez les garçons et les adultes * Sous-diagnostic chez les filles, souvent moins hyperactives * Le TDAH n'est pas une invention moderne mais un trouble bien établi + [00:37:20][^5^][5] Traitements et médicaments * Efficacité des psychostimulants sans créer de dépendance * Comparaison avec d'autres traitements somatiques * Importance de la prévention du surdiagnostic + [00:41:01][^6^][6] Évolution du diagnostic du TDAH * Changement des critères diagnostiques avec le DSM5 * Augmentation des diagnostics et prescriptions * Impact de la société administrative complexe sur la prévalence du TDAH Résumé de la vidéo [00:50:25]¹[1] - [01:13:13]²[2]:

      La vidéo aborde les différents types d'attention et les défis associés au Trouble Déficitaire de l'Attention avec Hyperactivité (TDAH). Elle explique comment l'attention soutenue, sélective et divisée est affectée par le TDAH et souligne l'importance de l'environnement dans l'expression de la vulnérabilité génétique à ce trouble.

      Points forts: + [00:50:25]³[3] Types d'attention et TDAH * Difficultés avec l'attention soutenue et sélective * Problèmes de concentration sur des tâches ennuyeuses * Incapacité à gérer plusieurs tâches simultanément + [00:53:02]⁴[4] Origines du TDAH * Forte héritabilité et composante biologique * Influence de l'environnement sur l'expression du TDAH * Rôle de la vulnérabilité génétique et des facteurs périnataux + [00:59:31]⁵[5] Gestion du TDAH * Impact de l'environnement familial et scolaire * Importance de la psychoéducation pour les parents * Stratégies pour améliorer le quotidien des enfants atteints + [01:02:49]⁶[6] Traitement médicamenteux du TDAH * Possibilité de diminution de l'efficacité avec le temps * Acquisition de compétences permettant de réduire la dépendance au traitement * Comparaison avec l'utilisation d'une béquille pour la rééducation physique

      Source : conversation avec Bing, 14/03/2024 (1) undefined. https://www.education.gouv.fr/education-la-sexualite-en-milieu-scolaire-341103. (2) undefined. https://soseducation.org/docs/notes-etudes-entretiens-tribunes/education-a-la-sexualite-danger-ou-prevention-final.pdf. (3) undefined. https://www.planning-familial.org/sites/default/files/2023-11/LIVRE_BLANC_WEB.pdf. (4) undefined. https://www. Résumé de la vidéo [01:13:15][^1^][1] - [01:31:52][^2^][2]:

      Cette partie de la vidéo aborde le diagnostic et le traitement du Trouble Déficit de l'Attention/Hyperactivité (TDAH), les risques de surdiagnostic, et l'impact des changements sociétaux sur la prévalence du TDAH. Elle souligne également l'importance de la formation et de l'attention aux détails pour éviter les diagnostics erronés.

      Points forts: + [01:13:15][^3^][3] Surdiagnostic et diagnostic précis * Discussion sur le risque de surdiagnostic du TDAH * L'importance d'un diagnostic précis pour éviter de traiter des non-TDAH * Les pressions sociétales et environnementales influençant le diagnostic + [01:15:57][^4^][4] Traitement du TDAH * L'approche combinée de médicaments psychostimulants et de thérapie cognitive comportementale (TCC) * Le défi de trouver des spécialistes pour traiter le TDAH à Genève * L'impact de la formation des professionnels sur la qualité du diagnostic + [01:17:03][^5^][5] Diagnostic du TDAH et du Trouble du Spectre de l'Autisme (TSA) * La possibilité que le TDAH masque un TSA et vice versa * La nécessité d'une formation approfondie sur les deux pathologies + [01:25:14][^6^][6] Entraînement de l'attention * Les méthodes pour entraîner l'attention, y compris la méditation et les jeux vidéo * L'impact de l'entraînement sur les connexions cérébrales et l'attention à long terme

  2. Feb 2024
    1. Erik Ringmar points out in his contribution to the “Boredom Studies Reader,” boredom often comes about when we are constrained to pay attention,

      for - adjacency - boredom - attention

      adjacency - between - boredom - attention - adjacency statement - often, when we are forced to pay attention, - boredom emerges as a possibility<br /> - to express our desire to not be present

    1. Résumé de la vidéo [00:00:00][^1^][1] - [01:44:47][^2^][2]:

      Cette vidéo est une conférence de Jean-Philippe Lachaux, un neuroscientifique spécialiste de l'attention, qui présente le programme ATOL (Apprendre à être attentif à l'école) aux enseignants. Il explique les principes et les enjeux de l'éducation de l'attention, ainsi que les activités et les exercices proposés aux élèves pour développer leur attention et leur concentration.

      Points forts: + [00:00:00][^3^][3] L'attention, une compétence transversale et essentielle * L'attention permet de sélectionner et de traiter les informations pertinentes pour apprendre * L'attention n'est pas un état stable, mais un processus dynamique qui varie selon les situations et les individus * L'attention n'est pas innée, mais se construit et s'améliore avec l'entraînement et la pratique + [00:23:15][^4^][4] Les trois dimensions de l'attention * La sélectivité: la capacité à choisir une cible parmi les distractions * La flexibilité: la capacité à adapter son attention selon le contexte et le but * La stabilité: la capacité à maintenir son attention sur la durée + [00:41:07][^5^][5] Les trois composantes de l'attention * La perception: ce qu'on perçoit avec nos sens ou notre imagination * L'intention: ce qu'on veut faire ou obtenir avec notre attention * La manière d'agir: comment on réagit ou on transforme ce qu'on perçoit + [00:57:20][^6^][6] Le programme ATOL * Un programme conçu avec des enseignants pour apprendre aux élèves à être attentifs à l'école * Un programme basé sur des activités ludiques et interactives qui sollicitent les trois dimensions et les trois composantes de l'attention * Un programme qui vise à développer la conscience, la compréhension et le contrôle de son attention

      Résumé de la vidéo [01:00:00][^1^][1] - [01:44:47][^2^][2] :

      Cette vidéo est la deuxième partie d'une conférence sur l'attention et la concentration à l'école, animée par Jean-Philippe Lachaux, neuroscientifique et directeur de recherche à l'INSERM. Il présente le programme ATOL (Apprendre à être attentif à l'école), qui vise à développer les compétences attentionnelles des élèves à travers des exercices adaptés à leur âge et à leur niveau. Il explique les principes et les objectifs de ce programme, ainsi que les bénéfices attendus pour les apprentissages scolaires et la vie quotidienne.

      Points forts : + [01:00:00][^3^][3] L'attention et la perception * L'attention influence la façon dont on perçoit le monde * L'attention peut être sélective, globale ou locale, selon la cible * L'attention peut être entraînée à mieux percevoir les détails + [01:15:00][^4^][4] L'attention et l'action * L'attention permet de contrôler son comportement et ses réactions * L'attention implique des conversions entre différents types de données (visuelles, auditives, etc.) * L'attention nécessite de programmer ses actions en fonction de son intention + [01:30:00][^5^][5] L'attention et la mémoire * L'attention est liée à la mémoire de travail, qui stocke temporairement les informations * L'attention permet de transférer les informations de la mémoire de travail vers la mémoire à long terme * L'attention permet de récupérer les informations de la mémoire à long terme vers la mémoire de travail + [01:40:00][^6^][6] L'attention et la motivation * L'attention est influencée par la motivation, qui donne du sens et de la valeur aux activités * L'attention peut être renforcée par des récompenses, des encouragements ou des feedbacks * L'attention peut être régulée par des stratégies de gestion du stress et des émotions

    1. Résumé de la vidéo [00:00:00][^1^][1] - [00:35:42][^2^][2] :

      Cette vidéo est une conférence de Jean-Philippe Lachaux, directeur de recherche à l'INSERM et spécialiste du système attentionnel, sur l'attention et la concentration à l'école. Il présente les principes de base de l'attention, ses enjeux pour l'apprentissage, et les moyens de la développer chez les élèves. Il propose également des exemples d'activités et de programmes d'éducation de l'attention, comme Atol et Adolesc.

      Points forts : + [00:01:13][^3^][3] L'attention est sélective et limitée * Elle permet de choisir ce qui est important parmi les informations disponibles * Elle nécessite d'identifier la cible de son attention et de s'y connecter activement * Elle peut être perturbée par des distracteurs internes ou externes + [00:10:10][^4^][4] La concentration est différente de l'attention * Elle implique une intention claire et une seule à la fois * Elle demande de coupler la perception et l'action * Elle peut être facilitée par des stratégies mentales adaptées + [00:21:00][^5^][5] L'attention s'apprend et se développe * Elle peut être entraînée par des exercices spécifiques * Elle peut être renforcée par des habitudes de vie saines * Elle peut être stimulée par des situations pédagogiques variées et motivantes + [00:29:00][^6^][6] L'attention est au cœur de l'apprentissage * Elle permet de se connecter à son objet d'étude et d'en extraire le sens * Elle favorise la mémorisation et la compréhension * Elle contribue à la motivation et à la confiance en soi

    1. c'est ça sert à rien de dire 00:38:35 que c'est uniquement psy on sait une très belle étude à l'étude de show qui a comparé les cerveaux de 200 gamins TDAH versus 200 gamins standard et vous voyez 00:38:47 que le cortex frontal chez les enfants TDAH il a au moins deux ans de retard par rapport aux autres ça veut dire que votre petit gars qui est en face de vous qui a 8 ans qui a une intelligence de 8 ans ou de 9 ans et bien il a des 00:39:01 compétences attentionnelles d'un enfant de 6 ans donc ça sert à rien de dire voilà l'image est très belle tout ce qui est en bleu c'est que le retard l'image est très belle ça veut dire que ce gamin il a un trouble des fonctions frontales 00:39:14 qui gardera toute sa vie et qu'il va falloir lui apprendre à contourner c'est ce qu'on appelle un trouble des fonctions exécutives or pour travailler à l'école quotidiennement il faut avoir des 00:39:25 fonctions exécutive c'est-à-dire que les fonctions frontales fonctions c'est les fonctions qui permettent au cerveau d'exécuter une action si tu dois remplir
    2. le cortex frontal chez les enfants TDAH il a au moins deux ans de retard par rapport aux autres ça veut dire que votre petit gars qui est en face de vous qui a 8 ans qui a une intelligence de 8 ans ou de 9 ans et bien il a des 00:39:01 compétences attentionnelles d'un enfant de 6 ans
    3. ne les envoyer pas tout de suite logopédiste parce que s'ils font des 00:32:21 erreurs ce que je vous conseille de faire il regarde Brandon là il y a quatre erreurs est-ce que tu les vois est-ce que tu peux me les souligner et s'il peut les souligner a priori c'est que s'il avait fait attention il les 00:32:33 aurait vu alors que l'enfant qui a une dyslexie d'orthographique et bien il dira ben non je vois pas où elles sont
  3. Jan 2024
    1. The prevalence of Denial of Future Attacks (DoFAs) in our information landscape is primarily attributed to the combination of media dynamics and their underlying business models. The way journalists are incentivized plays a crucial role; their focus often lies more on garnering attention than driving actual change. A telling example is the nature of what's considered 'breaking news' today, especially in the context of the constant stream of notifications on our smartphones. This attention-driven approach

      DoFA is enabled / driven by outrage-induction / attention hijacking in service of adtech. Vgl [[Aandacht als geletterdheid 20201117203910]]

    1. Shanks saves Luffy from a sea beast. He shows complete mastery over his mind. First, he saves Luffy without any regard to his arm that is bitten off. Second, he directs and focuses his attention and anger at the sea beast. His anger is focused and redirected.

      "It's only an arm. It's no big deal" says Shanks

      One Piece Ep 4.

  4. Nov 2023
    1. 04:00 passion creates focused attention which, in turn, creates a flow state, which creates more passion (virtuous cycle)

  5. Oct 2023
    1. Doleac, Jennifer. “New Evidence That Lead Exposure Increases Crime.” Brookings (blog), June 1, 2017. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/new-evidence-that-lead-exposure-increases-crime/.

      A brief meta analysis of the evidence provided by three different studies on the effects of lead exposure to children and the increased incidence of their potential adult criminal behavior.

      Compare this with the levels of insanity induced in TEL production discussed in https://doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2005.11.4.384 (or alternately at https://environmentalhistory.org/about/ethyl-leaded-gasoline/) via https://hypothes.is/a/7MBWvHW7Ee6a8dvvDy9Aqw

    2. They find that exposing populations to lead in their drinking water causes much higher homicide rates 20 years later, relative to similar places where kids avoided such exposure. They find that exposing populations to lead in their drinking water causes much higher homicide rates 20 years later, relative to similar places where kids avoided such exposure.

      Example of the repetition of the body text of an article immediately after it as a featured pull quote to draw the attention of the skimming reader to the importance of the portion of the passage.

    1. 07:00 structuring the mind with information (away from entropy), via setting a vision, which you break down further into goals, projects, tasks

    1. Mehlhorn is determinedly of the view that people can only be motivated by fear: “You cannot get people to vote by getting them to believe that voting and participating will materially improve their lives,” he told Ryan Grim of The Intercept. “What you can get people to get really excited about is: ‘If you participate in politics, you might be able to prevent something really bad from happening to you.’ ”
  6. Sep 2023
  7. Aug 2023
    1. Quoting the academics Francis-Noël Thomas and Mark Turner, Pinker suggests approaching writing as if you were pointing something in the environment out to another person – something that she would notice for herself, if only she knew where to look. Imagine directing someone's gaze across a valley, to a specific house on the other side. "You should pretend," writes Pinker, "that you, the writer, see something in the world that's interesting, and that you're directing the attention of your reader to that thing." He calls this the "joint attention" strategy.

      Good writing is pointing out the interesting things you see to others. It's pre-literate, and even pre-oral.

  8. Jul 2023
    1. Much of Buddhist philosophy centers around this same idea, this balance between what’s being phrased as “intention” and “attention” – our intentional curiosity about knowledge and growth, and our choice of where to focus our awareness, what to pay attention to. So that, I think, is the role of information curators: They are our curiosity sherpas, who lead us to things we didn’t know we were interested in until we, well, until we are. Until we pay attention to them — because someone whose taste and opinion we trust points us to them, and we integrate them with our existing pool of resources, and they become a part of our networked knowledge and another LEGO piece in our combinatorial creativity.

      My view: intention as what to gather/learn, attention as what to do in the moment, looking at a note, which makes us aware of that thing, which results into curiosity (also good entry to flow)

  9. Jun 2023
    1. (14:20-19:00) Dopamine Prediction Error is explained by Andrew Huberman in the following way: When we anticipate something exciting dopamine levels rise and rise, but when we fail it drops below baseline, decreasing motivation and drive immensely, sometimes even causing us to get sad. However, when we succeed, dopamine rises even higher, increasing our drive and motivation significantly... This is the idea that successes build upon each other, and why celebrating the "marginal gains" is a very powerful tool to build momentum and actually make progress. Surprise increases this effect even more: big dopamine hit, when you don't anticipate it.

      Social Media algorithms make heavy use of this principle, therefore enslaving its user, in particular infinite scrolling platforms such as TikTok... Your dopamine levels rise as you're looking for that one thing you like, but it drops because you don't always have that one golden nugget. Then it rises once in a while when you find it. This contrast creates an illusion of enjoyment and traps the user in an infinite search of great content, especially when it's shortform. It makes you waste time so effectively. This is related to getting the success mindset of preferring delayed gratification over instant gratification.


      It would be useful to reflect and introspect on your dopaminic baseline, and see what actually increases and decreases your dopamine, in addition to whether or not these things help to achieve your ambitions. As a high dopaminic baseline (which means your dopamine circuit is getting used to high hits from things as playing games, watching shortform content, watching porn) decreases your ability to focus for long amounts of time (attention span), and by extent your ability to learn and eventually reach success. Studying and learning can actually be fun, if your dopamine levels are managed properly, meaning you don't often engage in very high-dopamine emitting activities. You want your brain to be used to the low amounts of dopamine that studying gives. A framework to help with this reflection would be Kolb's.

      A short-term dopamine reset is to not use the tool or device for about half an hour to an hour (or do NSDR). However, this is not a long-term solution.

    1. Actually, as Davidson argues, multitasking helps us see more and do more, and experience texts and tasks in different ways. There’s no evidence that anyone ever was deeply reading for hours on end with no interruptions. All we have are claims from Plato saying that writing is going to kill our ability to memorize. Our minds have always been wandering; we’ve always been distractible. We’ve always been doodling on the sides of pages, or thinking about our lunch, or stopping to converse with someone. Now we just have distraction that’s more readily available and purposefully attuned to distracting us — like popup ads, notifications; things that quite literally fly across your screen to distract you. But the fact that we have students who have grown up with those and have trained themselves to deal with those in such interesting ways is something that I think we should bring into the classroom and be talking about and critically thinking about

      1) the point that multitasking can offer different experiences with texts and tasks is interesting to me. initially, the comparison between multitasking and single-tasking seems like a clear distinction between what is beneficial (focus) and what is detrimental (distraction)

      2) taking a bold stance, i would venture to say that there exists a significant number of individuals who engage in deep work, which is perhaps one of the most profound pursuits throughout human history. after all, most of us have experienced a state of flow at least once, to some extent, and our brains subconsciously crave this state of heightened focus and productivity

      3) this observation all the more underscores the rarity of deep work in a world that is perpetually plagued by distractions

      here is one of my notes from deep work by cal newport:

      the connection between depth and meaning in human experience is undeniable. whether approached from the perspectives of neuroscience, psychology, or philosophy, there appears to be a profound correlation between engaging in deep, meaningful activities and a sense of fulfillment. this suggests that our species may have evolved to thrive in the realm of deep work and purposeful engagement

  10. Apr 2023
    1. Benefits of sharing permanent notes .t3_12gadut._2FCtq-QzlfuN-SwVMUZMM3 { --postTitle-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postTitleLink-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postBodyLink-VisitedLinkColor: #989898; }

      reply to u/bestlunchtoday at https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/12gadut/benefits_of_sharing_permanent_notes/

      I love the diversity of ideas here! So many different ways to do it all and perspectives on the pros/cons. It's all incredibly idiosyncratic, just like our notes.

      I probably default to a far extreme of sharing the vast majority of my notes openly to the public (at least the ones taken digitally which account for probably 95%). You can find them here: https://hypothes.is/users/chrisaldrich.

      Not many people notice or care, but I do know that a small handful follow and occasionally reply to them or email me questions. One or two people actually subscribe to them via RSS, and at least one has said that they know more about me, what I'm reading, what I'm interested in, and who I am by reading these over time. (I also personally follow a handful of people and tags there myself.) Some have remarked at how they appreciate watching my notes over time and then seeing the longer writing pieces they were integrated into. Some novice note takers have mentioned how much they appreciate being able to watch such a process of note taking turned into composition as examples which they might follow. Some just like a particular niche topic and follow it as a tag (so if you were interested in zettelkasten perhaps?) Why should I hide my conversation with the authors I read, or with my own zettelkasten unless it really needed to be private? Couldn't/shouldn't it all be part of "The Great Conversation"? The tougher part may be having means of appropriately focusing on and sharing this conversation without some of the ills and attention economy practices which plague the social space presently.

      There are a few notes here on this post that talk about social media and how this plays a role in making them public or not. I suppose that if I were putting it all on a popular platform like Twitter or Instagram then the use of the notes would be or could be considered more performative. Since mine are on what I would call a very quiet pseudo-social network, but one specifically intended for note taking, they tend to be far less performative in nature and the majority of the focus is solely on what I want to make and use them for. I have the opportunity and ability to make some private and occasionally do so. Perhaps if the traffic and notice of them became more prominent I would change my habits, but generally it has been a net positive to have put my sensemaking out into the public, though I will admit that I have a lot of privilege to be able to do so.

      Of course for those who just want my longer form stuff, there's a website/blog for that, though personally I think all the fun ideas at the bleeding edge are in my notes.

      Since some (u/deafpolygon, u/Magnifico99, and u/thiefspy; cc: u/FastSascha, u/A_Dull_Significance) have mentioned social media, Instagram, and journalists, I'll share a relevant old note with an example, which is also simultaneously an example of the benefit of having public notes to be able to point at, which u/PantsMcFail2 also does here with one of Andy Matuschak's public notes:

      [Prominent] Journalist John Dickerson indicates that he uses Instagram as a commonplace: https://www.instagram.com/jfdlibrary/ here he keeps a collection of photo "cards" with quotes from famous people rather than photos. He also keeps collections there of photos of notes from scraps of paper as well as photos of annotations he makes in books.

      It's reasonably well known that Ronald Reagan shared some of his personal notes and collected quotations with his speechwriting staff while he was President. I would say that this and other similar examples of collaborative zettelkasten or collaborative note taking and their uses would blunt u/deafpolygon's argument that shared notes (online or otherwise) are either just (or only) a wiki. The forms are somewhat similar, but not all exactly the same. I suspect others could add to these examples.

      And of course if you've been following along with all of my links, you'll have found yourself reading not only these words here, but also reading some of a directed conversation with entry points into my own personal zettelkasten, which you can also query as you like. I hope it has helped to increase the depth and level of the conversation, should you choose to enter into it. It's an open enough one that folks can pick and choose their own path through it as their interests dictate.

    1. Animating text

      Animating your text gives you more control over your audience's attention. You can easily move around graphics, but if the moving object is text you want your audience to read, they will follow along to gather the information within the text. It is important not too move your text around too much as this can also be a double edged sword.

    2. Much of their success can be attributed to their ability to keep viewers’ attention

      Very important, most viewers on social platforms are Goldfish Brains. They will eventually click/engage with something that captures their attention based on the graphics and keywords used in the caption or thumbnail.

    3. I like to reinforce words being said with motion graphics, especially when someone is listing things in interviews

      This has a higher rate of capturing your audience's attention, especially during presentations (which most videos are). If your audience is not paying attention to what you're saying, they can always view it.

    4. Some studies say the human attention span is less than that of a goldfish!

      This is a fact and I suffer from Goldfish Brain. As someone who creates content online, it is very important to factor in that my work will be views once and that's that. If I am lucky it will be viewed for more than 7 seconds.

  11. Mar 2023
    1. The ability to intentionally and strategically allocateour attention is a competitive advantage in a distracted world. Wehave to jealously guard it like a valuable treasure.

      It would seem that the word treasure here is being used to modify one's attention. Historically in books about "knowledge work" or commonplacing, the word was used with respect to one's storehouse of knowledge itself and not one's attention. Some of the effect is the result of the break in historical tradition being passed down from one generation to another. It's also an indication that the shift in value has moved not from what one knows or has, but that the attention itself is more valued now, even in a book about excerpting, thinking, and keeping knowledge!

      Oh how far we have fallen!

      It's also an indication of the extremes of information overload we're facing that the treasure is attention and not the small tidbits of knowledge and understanding we're able to glean from the massive volumes we face on a daily basis.

    1. Over the past few years, many “efficient Trans-former” approaches have been proposed that re-duce the cost of the attention mechanism over longinputs (Child et al., 2019; Ainslie et al., 2020; Belt-agy et al., 2020; Zaheer et al., 2020; Wang et al.,2020; Tay et al., 2021; Guo et al., 2022). However,especially for larger models, the feedforward andprojection layers actually make up the majority ofthe computational burden and can render process-ing long inputs intractable

      Recent improvements in transformers for long documents have focused on efficiencies in the attention mechanism but the feed-forward and projection layers are still expensive for long docs

    1. With the digital age, it is more difficult than ever to catch and maintain a viewer’s focus.

      This is a good quote that highlights the effect technology has on our attention span. It is a brief statement that highlights a really problem in our day to day life.

    1. Le robot capte l’attention visuelle de l’enfant tout au long de la séance.

      Dans le projet RobAutisTic le robot permet de capter l'attention de l'enfant améliorant ainsi sa capacité de concentration

    2. 3.    Le déficit de l’attention conjointe

      La dernière difficulté énoncée dans cet article par l'auteur est sa difficulté à maintenir son attention. Qui plus est lorsque qu'il y a 2 actions conjointes (le pointage et la consigne pour cet exemple)

  12. Feb 2023
    1. even in everyday life somehow beauty of an object that is accepted as a category in aesthetics determines 00:15:10 how people direct their looks in their everyday life so beauty buy-ins longer looks
      • Comment
      • in other words
        • beauty is one variable that directs our = selective attention
        • when our senses experience the unbroken continuum of appearances, a = gestalt, it is variables like beauty which selects the sensory and perceptual trajectory of experience
    2. beauty determines how we perceive the world because beauty binds looks
      • claim researched =
      • beauty determines how we perceive the world because beauty binds looks
      • this is relevant for understanding how to focus people's attention
    1. he research skills that Eco teaches areperhaps even more relevant today. Eco’s system demandscritical thinking, resourcefulness, creativity, attention todetail, and academic pride and humility; these are preciselythe skills that aid students overwhelmed by the ever-grow-ing demands made on their time and resources, and confusedby the seemingly endless torrents of information availableto them.

      In addition to "critical thinking, resourcefulness, creativity, attention to detail, and academic pride and humility", the ability to use a note card-based research system like Umberto Eco's is the key to overcoming information overload.

    1. Skip connections serve two purposes. The first is that they help keep the gradient smooth, which is a big help for backpropagation. Attention is a filter, which means that when it’s working correctly it will block most of what tries to pass through it.
    1. the Elhage et al.(2021) study showing an information-copying role for self-attention.

      It turns out Meng does refer to induction heads, just not by name.

  13. Jan 2023
    1. we try in vain to pay out fractional amounts of our attention and find that the whole is, somehow, less than the sum of its parts. in wanting to pay attention to everything, we often fail to pay attention to anything at all.

      Must choose -- echo of 4000 Weeks

    1. One of the main features of the high level architecture of a transformer is that each layer adds its results into what we call the “residual stream.”Constructing models with a residual stream traces back to early work by the Schmidhuber group, such as highway networks  and LSTMs, which have found significant modern success in the more recent residual network architecture . In transformers, the residual stream vectors are often called the “embedding.” We prefer the residual stream terminology, both because it emphasizes the residual nature (which we believe to be important) and also because we believe the residual stream often dedicates subspaces to tokens other than the present token, breaking the intuitions the embedding terminology suggests. The residual stream is simply the sum of the output of all the previous layers and the original embedding. We generally think of the residual stream as a communication channel, since it doesn't do any processing itself and all layers communicate through it.
    1. You see the values of the self-attention weights are computed on the fly. They are data-dependent dynamic weights because they change dynamically in response to the data (fast weights).
  14. Dec 2022
    1. The attention distribution is usually generated with content-based attention. The attending RNN generates a query describing what it wants to focus on. Each item is dot-producted with the query to produce a score, describing how well it matches the query. The scores are fed into a softmax to create the attention distribution.

      This is the Key, Value, Query, yes?

  15. Nov 2022
    1. we propose the Transformer, a model architecture eschewing recurrence and insteadrelying entirely on an attention mechanism to draw global dependencies between input and output.The Transformer allows for significantly more parallelization a

      Using the attention mechanism to determine global dependencies between input and output instead of using recurrent links to past states. This is the essence of their new idea.

    1. But we are drinking sea water, making us thirstier for more.

      Nice analogy. Drinking see water when you’re thirsty makes you even more thirsty. Checking social media in your break makes you even more exhausted.

    1. I do think, however, that we need to consider the pattern Citton and Crary have, each in their own way, identified. I would describe the pattern this way: We inhabit a techno-social environment manufactured to fracture our attention. The interests served by this environment in turn pathologize the resultant inattention. These same interests devise and enforce new techniques to discipline the inattentive subject.
    2. a problem whose centrality was directly related to the emergence of a social, urban, psychic, and industrial field increasingly saturated with sensory input. Inattention, especially within the context of new forms of large-scale industrialized production, began to be treated as a danger and a serious problem, even though it was the very modernized arrangements of labour that produced inattention.
    3. Bradbury’s book is about an imposed and willful alienation from the world effected by media technologies. One scene in particular speaks directly to the question of attention. In it, the protagonist is trying desperately to commit to memory a passage of a book he must shortly surrender to the authorities. But his efforts are undone by an incessant advertising jingle blaring over the loudspeaker on the train he is riding. I think of this scene whenever I’m pumping gas and the screen on the pump starts up with a series of 20 second video ads.
    4. The first is a 1961 short story written by the American author, Kurt Vonnegut. “Harrison Bergeron” is set in a dystopian future where equality is enforced by totalitarian means. The physically gifted, for example, were burdened with weights so as to neutralize their natural advantages. The advantages of the intellectually gifted were neutralized by other means.
    5. is the study of how a society uses its scarce resources. And information is not scarce—especially on the Net, where it is not only abundant, but overflowing. We are drowning in information, yet constantly increasing our generation of it. So a key question arises: Is there something else that flows through cyberspace, something that is scarce and desirable? There is. No one would put anything on the Internet without the hope of obtaining some. It's called attention. And the economy of attention—not information—is the natural economy of cyberspace.
    1. Mind you, this is not a net without corporations and capitalism; they can use the protocols, too, and I’m glad Google gives us usable email and spam protection. But it need no longer be a net corrupted by the business model of mass media imported online: the attention economy. And it need no longer be a net under sole corporate control — and thus, potentially, the influence of malign actors, whether Musk or his pals Putin or Trump.If we gain this promising future, if we return to the net’s founding principles, keep one thing clearly in mind: It won’t be so easy to blame the bad shit on the corporations and nasty nerd boys anymore. The net will be ours along with the responsibility to build and enforce the expectations and standards we wish for. The net is us, or it can be at last.

      Jeff clearly hearking back to the golden era of blogging wrt which values it (should) promote(s). Is the 'attention economy' only the 'corrupted biz model of mass media imported online'? The algo-induced raging sure is. Otherwise not sure: [[3 kwantitatieve veranderingen 20100420210721]] was in full effect way before it, and all three contribute to [[Aandacht is het schaarst 20201013163120]]. Maybe it's the flipside that's key? n:: Being economic with attention, as the core of what an attention economy really is like. Towards the end Jarvis slips in the responsibilities stemming from the triplet of obligations [[Obligation to explain 20120327173752]] [[Wie deelt bestaat 20130131133926]] and [[Obligation to re-use 20191223194129]]

  16. Oct 2022
    1. The mass of Paxson's paper work may appear more clearly nowthan the zest with which he labored, but the essence of his methodwas in the spirit rather than in the product.

      Ahrens and others following him have argued that there is a sort of lightness imbued both in one's thinking processes and life by making and accumulating notes. The cognitive load is lessened by offloading one's thoughts onto pieces of paper that can be revised, compared, and juxtaposed as a means of building some written or creative endeavor, even if it's slowly over time.

      Frederic L. Paxson's mode of life made this seem to be the case for him. There is evidence that he was easier able to manage his daily life by his note taking system. He accumulated no work on his desk and carried none home and was able to more easily give his attention to others.

      Is this a result of breaking things down into tiny, bite sized chunks that were difficult to actually interrupt?

      Was it the system or his particular temperament? Are there other examples of this easier mode of life for note takers? Is there a pattern? What portions can be attributed to the system and one's ability to stick to it versus their particular temperaments?

      Other than small examples in my own life, this may be one of the first examples I've seen of this mode of work. Definitely worth looking at others.

  17. Sep 2022
    1. “Limited individual attention and online virality of low-quality information,” By Xiaoyan Qiu et al., in Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 1, June 2017

      The upshot of this paper seems to be "information overload alone can explain why fake news can become viral."

    2. One of the first consequences of the so-called attention economy is the loss of high-quality information.

      In the attention economy, social media is the equivalent of fast food. Just like going out for fine dining or even healthier gourmet cooking at home, we need to make the time and effort to consume higher quality information sources. Books, journal articles, and longer forms of content with more editorial and review which take time and effort to produce are better choices.

    3. Unable to process all this material, we let our cognitive biases decide what we should pay attention to.

      In a society consumed with information overload, it is easier for our brains to allow our well evolved cognitive biases to decide not only what to pay attention to, but what to believe.

    1. The challenge for the field of sociable media is not simply to invent ever newer ways of communicating,but also to understand the social implications of ubiquitous and omnipresent communication media.

      This part of the article is extremly pertinent to todays world. With social media being a core aspect of many individuals personalities, socializing and attention in the real world has been affected. Apps like Tiktok with short videos have made many individuals attention span extremely short. Often affecting their time spent on work and other activities. Seeing the long term affects on human attention due to social media apps will be interesting to watch.

    1. To see how this plays out, we can continue looking at matrix shapes. Tracing the matrix shape through the branches and weaves of the multihead attention blocks requires three more numbers. d_k: dimensions in the embedding space used for keys and queries. 64 in the paper. d_v: dimensions in the embedding space used for values. 64 in the paper. h: the number of heads. 8 in the paper.
  18. Aug 2022
    1. And the good news about it is that you can actually train your attention, and it’s not that difficult. In fact, almost every contemplative meditation discipline has to do with just sitting down and paying attention to your breath and noticing how your attention changes. There is a saying that comes from the neuroscientists that neurons that fire together are wired together. When you begin paying attention to your attention, you are developing a capability that enables you to have more control over what’s occupying your mind space.

      attention as mindfulness, and as a muscle to train.

    2. You know, it’s not really that difficult, but it’s not being taught at all.

      Reminds me of my 2008/2010 projects in primary schools on this. I find myself explaining marketing ploys to our 6yo in response to material she sees in print, on billboards, and online. Perhaps I should be doing that more consistently

    3. training on how to understand how you’re deploying your attention.

      There's little training on reflecting and shaping how you wield your attention. Are there resources to be found, wrt workflows / choices / being mindfull of one's attention? Beyond the 'indistractable' material of Nir?

      The exclusionary aspect of attention makes it a scarce resource [[Aandacht is het schaarst 20201013163120]] implying the need to wield it with intent [[Stuur aandacht met intentie 20220213080032]] or it becomes distraction again. It's a moral choice [[Aandacht is een morele keuze 20201217074345]] even. Making such training/understanding important.

    4. And when we now live in an era where you can stand on a street corner in any city of the world, waiting for the light to change, and notice that everyone else — everyone else — standing around you is looking at their phone. There’s a lot of money in capturing people’s attention, and there are a lot of apps that are designed to capture and maintain our attention

      This is, like some of his Stanford in-class attention experiments, a bit geared towards switching on/offline it seems. There's much to be said also about wielding attention within the digital space (see Pegrum/Palalas digital disarray above), and attention as it plays out in the interweaving of the digital and physical (like having information resources available within a conversation).

    5. But attention is really the foundation of thought and communication.

      Aandacht als fundament onder zowel denken als communiceren.

      Pegrum/Palalas 2021 talk about attention literacy as needed to counteract 'digital disarray'. They also call it a macro-literacy, encompassing a long list of 'digital literacies' which are more skills than literacy in the Rheingoldia sense. Bit of term inflation? Does put attention at the top of the heap of digital 'literacies' though. They also do incorporate relationships to others and the informational environment within scope of it a la Rheingold.

  19. Jul 2022
    1. I was particularly interested in Chris Aldrich’s observation that knowledge workers tend to talk in spatial terms about their work, especially if distracted. Following interruptions by colleagues or phone calls at work, people may frequently ask themselves “where was I?” more frequently than “what was I doing?” This colloquialism isn’t surprising as our memories for visual items and location are much stronger than actions. Knowledge workers will look around at their environments for contextual clues for what they were doing and find them in piles of paper on their desks, tabs in their computer browser, or even documents (physical or virtual) on their desktops.
  20. Jun 2022
    1. Contrary to popular belief, students don’t have short attention spans. They can focus for hours on a single project. But it has to feel relevant and meaningful to them, and they need to have the time and the space to accomplish it. It’s not easy in a world of school bells and curriculum maps. However, it’s something we should strive for. We should draw students into the deeper, slower work of creativity — because when that happens, learning feels like magic. - “Myth and Mystery of Shrinking Attention Span” - Dr K. R. Subramanian

      This should be motivation enough for instructors to take the time - assuming their bureaucratic overloads allow it - to find ways to make education relevant. This is something, however, that must be baked into people at a young age. And that's the real problem.

    1. The dominant idea is one of attention, by which a representation at a position is computed as a weighted combination of representations from other positions. A common self-supervision objective in a transformer model is to mask out occasional words in a text. The model works out what word used to be there. It does this by calculating from each word position (including mask positions) vectors that represent a query, key, and value at that position. The query at a position is compared with the value at every position to calculate how much attention to pay to each position; based on this, a weighted average of the values at all positions is calculated. This operation is repeated many times at each level of the transformer neural net, and the resulting value is further manipulated through a fully connected neural net layer and through use of normalization layers and residual connections to produce a new vector for each word. This whole process is repeated many times, giving extra layers of depth to the transformer neural net. At the end, the representation above a mask position should capture the word that was there in the original text: for instance, committee as illustrated in Figure 1.
  21. Apr 2022
    1. Der Bestätigungs-fehler – wie auch andere kognitive Verzerrungen – fallen umso gravierender aus, je weni-ger Aufmerksamkeit aufgewendet wird.

      Daher ist Rheingolds infotention so wichtig

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. In studies comparing European American children withMayan children from Guatemala, psychologists Maricela Correa-Chávez andBarbara Rogoff asked children from each culture to wait while an adultperformed a demonstration—folding an origami shape—for another childnearby. The Mayan youth paid far more sustained attention to the demonstration—and therefore learned more—than the American kids, who were oftendistracted or inattentive. Correa-Chávez and Rogoff note that in Mayan homes,children are encouraged to carefully observe older family members so that theycan learn how to carry out the tasks of the household, even at very young ages.

      American children aren't encouraged to as attentive imitators as their foreign counterparts and this can effect their learning processes.

    1. Still, people at work will rarely see me without a notebook around. When I go to meetings, I always prefer taking notes on paper rather than bringing my laptop along with me.Why is that? Because, so far, I haven’t found any digital solution that gives me as much freedom with so little friction for taking notes, sketching, writing down ideas, etc while keeping my attention on what’s being said around me.To me, digital solutions are clearly not on par with paper note taking. Using digital solutions often takes my attention away, which is horrible.

      digital solutions takes my attention away

    1. Programmable attention centers around making high-level decisions that orchestrate how we later spend our attention. It is rife in everyday life, albeit (usually) in a weak way. Examples include:email inboxes with snoozessetting a recurring event on the calendartodos which appear based on locationGetting Things Done “Tickler” Fileshabit-enforcing systems (e.g. Beeminder, StickK)spaced repetition (e.g. Anki, SuperMemo)ML-trained “smart email inboxes”

      We already use programmable attention in everyday life, but it should be more integrated, potentially at an OS level.

      HeyFocus and ad blockers could also be considered under this umbrella.

    1. next wave of human-computer interaction will focus more on “pushing” us the right, relevant information versus the user “pulling” for information

      This is already happening with ads. It'd be nice if the same techniques were used to pre-emptively help us instead.

  22. Mar 2022
    1. Human minds are made of memories, and today those memories have competition. Biological memory capacities are being supplanted, or at least supplemented, by digital ones, as we rely on recording—phone cameras, digital video, speech-to-text—to capture information we’ll need in the future and then rely on those stored recordings to know what happened in the past. Search engines have taken over not only traditional reference materials but also the knowledge base that used to be encoded in our own brains. Google remembers, so we don’t have to. And when we don’t have to, we no longer can. Or can we? Remembering and Forgetting in the Age of Technology offers concise, nontechnical explanations of major principles of memory and attention—concepts that all teachers should know and that can inform how technology is used in their classes. Teachers will come away with a new appreciation of the importance of memory for learning, useful ideas for handling and discussing technology with their students, and an understanding of how memory is changing in our technology-saturated world.

      How much history is covered here?

      Will mnemotechniques be covered here? Spaced repetition? Note taking methods in the commonplace book or zettelkasten traditions?

    1. operationstisch

      operationstheoretisch - was geschieht - Der Begriff Operation hat mir auch ungemein geholfen, Latours handelnde Akteure besser zu greifen, weil er im Gegensatz zum Handlungsbegriff frei von (menschlicher) Intention ist. Und Intention wird für mich noch ein crucial point, weil Intention fuels Attention und Attention = basale digital literacy nach Rheingold

    1. turning attention to the area of inattention

      Don't know if I am too superficially thinking here, but this reminds me of thoughts about mindfulness - Gives me the idea, that coping with new media will be more successful if it is done mindfully

    1. In the Huffington Post, Stone offers valuable advice on “how to switch from managing time to managing attention”:1. Each evening or morning before you start your day, make a short list of your intentions (the result and feeling of something you want) for the day and by each, write the related to do’s for that day. Try to keep your list to 5 intentions. Conscious-ly choose what you will do and what you will not do. Keep a different list of what you will review for inclusion on other days.2. List only what you really expect to do that day. As other things come to mind, write them on a separate list. By putting these items on a separate list, you are creat-ing the space to be in the moment with each of your day’s priorities. Review that list as you plan for the next day and determine how they fit in to your plans. Give yourself some down time, enjoy your successes at the end of the day.3. Give yourself meaningful blocks of uninterrupted time to focus on each intention. Turn OFF technology each day during those blocks and focus on your intentions.4. At home, be clear about what technology you’ll use and where. Computer in the kitchen? Maybe not.100
    2. When I asked her about the specifics of learning to exercise better executive control over attention, Stone reminded me that “intention is the fuel for atten-tion.”
    3. Recent research reported in the journal Cognition offers evidence that brief distractions from a focal task may improve concentration over the longer run: “We propose that deactivating and reactivating your goals allows you to stay focused,” the study’s authors said. “From a practical standpoint, our research suggests that, when faced with long tasks (such as studying before a final exam or doing your taxes), it is best to impose brief breaks on your-self. Brief mental breaks will actually help you stay focused on your task!”28

      Kleine Pausen machen wenn man ein großes, ein longterm Ziel hat. De- und reaktivieren der intendierten Ziele soll den Forschungsergebnissen zufolge helfen, sich auf ebenjene länger und schließlich erfolgreicher zu konzentrieren.

    4. Paying attention to your breath—the core technique of mindfulness meditation methods—is where Stone sug-gests starting to moderate our online reactions. I’ll get back to that later. For now, I’m convinced that Stone is right to think that attention to breathing could be a tool to help moderate our unthinking, ultimately unhealthy reactions to many online stimuli.

      Atemfokussierung als Mittel bzw. Startpunkt eines Mittels zur Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle - auch im Digitalen.

    5. Gaining control of your attention while you are online requires, first of all, intention. When you formulate a goal, you need to intend to achieve it.

      Intentionale Setzung eines Ziels, das erreicht werden will ist Voraussetzung für Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle.

    6. I’m not sure I would have done so before starting this book because we tend to think of attention passively, as if it is out of our control or only controlled outside of ourselves, by the world around us. That is not true. We can track our own attentional pathways and learn from them.
    7. The first thing I learned is good news if you have been thinking that “attention training” sounds like too much work: you can experience imme-diate benefits by beginning in small ways to exercise mindfulness regarding your attention online. In this realm, taking some control, even if it is a baby step, is far better than passively letting your attention be grabbed without reflection. Growing evidence indicates consistent exercise can strengthen self-control of attention.

      Jede Verbesserung, so klein sie auch ist, von Aufmerksamkeit, ist eine tatsächliche Verbesserung im aufmerksamen Umgang mit digitalen Medien.

  23. Feb 2022
    1. By investigating the patterns of who pays attention to whom, our study provides evidence of a racial attention deficit: Even when in their self-interest, Whites pay less attention to Black peers. Specifically, White Americans rate Black peers as less competent than White ones and are less likely to follow their example as a guide to making a better decision.
    1. Even though results of these studies are currently under intensescrutiny and have to be taken with a grain of salt (Carter andMcCullough 2014; Engber and Cauterucci 2016; Job, Dweck andWalton 2010), it is safe to argue that a reliable and standardisedworking environment is less taxing on our attention, concentration

      and willpower, or, if you like, ego. It is well known that decision-making is one of the most tiring and wearying tasks...

      Having a standardized and reliable working environment or even workflow can be less taxing on our attention, our concentration, and our willpower leaving more energy for making decisions and thinking which can have a greater impact.

      Does the fact that the relative lack of any decision making about what to see or read next seen in doomscrolling underlie some of the easily formed habit of the attention economy? Not having to actively decide what to read next combined with the random rewards of interesting tidbits creating a sense of flow is sapping not our mental energy, but our time. How can we better design against this?

    2. Give Each Task the Right Kind of Attention

      Ahrens talks about the variety of different tasks that underpin writing and the varieties of attention that each can take. He suggests that for increased productivity that one focus on one sort or type of tasks at a time in each part of the process.

      This sort of structural planning in one's work is possibly the most important planning one can do.

    3. his suggests that successful problem solvingmay be a function of flexible strategy application in relation to taskdemands.” (Vartanian 2009, 57)

      Successful problem solving requires having the ability to adaptively and flexibly focus one's attention with respect to the demands of the work. Having a toolbelt of potential methods and combinatorially working through them can be incredibly helpful and we too often forget to explicitly think about doing or how to do that.

      This is particularly important in mathematics where students forget to look over at their toolbox of methods. What are the different means of proof? Some mathematicians will use direct proof during the day and indirect forms of proof at night. Look for examples and counter-examples. Why not look at a problem from disparate areas of mathematical thought? If topology isn't revealing any results, why not look at an algebraic or combinatoric approach?

      How can you put a problem into a different context and leverage that to your benefit?

    4. On closer look, it becomes obvious how different the tasks are thatare usually summarised under “writing” and how different the kindsof attention are that they require.

      What are the constituent parts of writing and how do they differ based on their functions with respect to attention?

      • note taking
      • composing
      • invention
      • creativity
      • thinking
      • editing
      • structuring
      • outlining
      • proofreading
      • etc.

      Where do each of these sit with respect to the zettelkasten? How can one create flow with respect to each of these or with respect to one or two which may necessarily need to be bound together to accomplish them?

    5. The slip-box provides not only a clear structure to work in, but also forces usto shift our attention consciously as we can complete tasks inreasonable time before moving on to the next one.

      Ahrens provides a quick overview of some research on distraction, attention, and multi-tasking to make the point that:

      The simple structure and design of the zettelkasten forces one's focus and attention on small individual tasks that cumulatively build into better thinking and writing.

      (Summary of Section 9.2)

    6. We also know that theaverage length of TV soundbites has steadily declined over the lastseveral decades (Fehrmann, 2011). During the U.S. presidentialelection in 1968, the average soundbite — that is, any footage of acandidate speaking uninterrupted — was still a little more than 40seconds, but that had fallen to less than 10 seconds at the end of the80s (Hallin 1994) and 7.8 seconds in 2000 (Lichter, 2001). The lastelection has certainly not reversed the trend. Whether that meansthat the media adjust to our decreasing attention span or is causingthe trend is not easy to say.[17]

      Ryfe and Kemmelmeier not only show that this development goes much further back into the past and first appeared in newspapers (the quotes of politicians got almost halved between 1892 and 1968), but also posed the question if this can maybe also be seen as a form of increased professionalism of the media as they do not just let politicians talk as they wish (Ryfe and Kemmelmeier 2011). Craig Fehrman also pointed out the irony in the reception of this rather nuanced study – it was itself reduced to a soundbite in the media (Fehrman 2011).


      Soundbites have decreased in length over time.

      What effects are driving this? What are the knock on effects? What effect does this have on the ability for doubletalk to take hold? Is it easier for doubletalk and additional meanings to attach to soundbites when they're shorter? (It would seem so.) At what point to they hit a minimum?

      What is the effect of potential memes which hold additional meaning of driving this soundbite culture?

      Example: "Lock her up" as a soundbite with memetic meaning from the Trump 2016 campaign in reference to Hilary Clinton.

  24. Jan 2022
    1. Seems easy, right? How about the below code, what will it print? new Promise((_, reject) => reject(new Error('woops'))). catch(error => { console.log('caught', err.message); }); It'll print out an unhandled rejection warning. Notice that err is not defined!
    1. il permet de faire le lien entre l’économie de l’attention, qui est au cœur de la problématique,

      Bien formulé ! L'économie de l'attention n'est pas le probleme mais elle est au coeur de celui-ci. Concernée directement.

    1. Fernandez-Castaneda, A., Lu, P., Geraghty, A. C., Song, E., Lee, M.-H., Wood, J., Yalcin, B., Taylor, K. R., Dutton, S., Acosta-Alvarez, L., Ni, L., Contreras-Esquivel, D., Gehlhausen, J. R., Klein, J., Lucas, C., Mao, T., Silva, J., Pena-Hernandez, M., Tabachnikova, A., … Monje, M. (2022). Mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multi-lineage cellular dysregulation and myelin loss in the brain (p. 2022.01.07.475453). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.07.475453

    1. Hari puts his general air of unworldly distraction down to his dyspraxia, but it comes across as donnish.

      Johnann Hari has indicated in an interview that he suffered from dyspraxia.


      I wonder how this may or may not affect his writing about being distracted with respect to his book Stolen Focus. Cross reference: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/jan/02/attention-span-focus-screens-apps-smartphones-social-media

  25. Dec 2021
    1. I was suddenly deluged with ads for “the world’s thinnest tablet,” which promised not only to replace pen and paper but to help you “Get Your Brain Back.” The company’s Lovecraftian promotional ad, which has racked up nearly three million views, begins with a hissing demon-child clinging to her iPad and proceeds through an animated hellscape complete with attention-sucking brain tubes and notifications circling like sharks. The narrator quavers an ominous warning: “We have to modify technology, or else it will modify us.”

      Given the diversions of modern digital life, perhaps the best way to do one's writing is to do it at the moment of reading the actual references. Often while reading, one isn't as apt to have their attention diverted by the vagaries of life, instead they are focused on the thing at hand. It is while one has this focused attention that they should let their note taking practice while reading take over.

      Even if you are distracted, you can at least maintain focus on a single line of text and your thoughts related to it and write them down in either a summary sentence or with a few related ideas which are sparked by the initial idea.

      (This note is such an example.)

      Then one can start and complete a small idea at a time and then letting them build over time and space, then recollect them to create a piece which then doesn't need to be written and painfully created, but which may only need an outline structure and some final polish and editing.

    1. The transformer model introduces the idea of instead of adding another complex mechanism (attention) to an already complex Seq2Seq model; we can simplify the solution by forgetting about everything else and just focusing on attention.
    1. a lot of people start with learning and then they build things and then they close the circle but there's one key piece missing here and some people hate the word but you 00:29:54 learn to love it eventually it's called marketing and marketing means a lot of things to a lot of people but what it means to me is getting the word out because someone else will if you don't and 00:30:05 you are awesome you just have to realize that maybe not everyone knows right away so you should really talk about it more maybe at conferences see what i did there 00:30:17 um maybe on twitter maybe you can just tell your friends and maybe you can ask people to contribute and to support you like what's wrong with that somehow it's frowned upon in the community that if you do 00:30:30 marketing you're not doing it for real but i think that's not true um i think that if smart people and patient and um passionate people as well 00:30:44 if they did marketing then the world would be a better place because i'm pretty sure the evil guys do marketing so do your homework

      Marketing is very critical but it has negative connotations in the open source community because it is associated with mainstream business , after all, marketing is derived from the word "market".

      Perhaps it is better to think in psychological terms. If we have a great idea, the internet is a way to reach billions of eyeballs. Everyone is, in a sense, forced to compete in an attention economy. Instead of marketing, we can also use the words "attracting attention", because that is really what we are trying to do, be an attention attractor.

      The Indieverse, being developed by knowledge architect Gyuri Lajos, offers an alternative to marketing. Marketing is an attention attractor that relies on a "push" strategy. We are making content and pushing it out to different parts of the world we think may resonate with us to attract attention.

      Instead, the Indieverse, with its built in read and write provenance can act like a "pull" attention attractor. People can discover you through the built in discoverability aspects of the indieverse. Unlike the private sector, which uses this pull method to try to match you to stuff they want to sell you, Indieverse inegrates tools that exposes relevant content to you. If that content has demonstrably improved your life, which can be tracked through your public sharing, you can sponsor or reward that content. Microsponsorship can even be built in.

  26. Nov 2021
    1. We report the first neural recording during ecstatic meditations called jhanas and test whether a brain reward system plays a rolein the joy reported. Jhanas are Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) that imply major brain changes based on subjective reports:(1) external awareness dims, (2) internal verbalizations fade, (3) the sense of personal boundaries is altered, (4) attention is highlyfocused on the object of meditation, and (5) joy increases to high levels. The fMRI and EEG results from an experienced meditatorshow changes in brain activity in 11 regions shown to be associated with the subjective reports, and these changes occur promptlyafter jhana is entered. In particular, the extreme joy is associated not only with activation of cortical processes but also with activationof the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the dopamine/opioid reward system. We test three mechanisms by which the subject mightstimulate his own reward system by external means and reject all three. Taken together, these results demonstrate an apparentlynovel method of self-stimulating a brain reward system using only internal mental processes in a highly trained subject.

      I can find no other research on this particular matter. It would be helpful to have other studies to validate or invalidate this one. This method of reward requires a highly-trained participant and involves no external means.

    1. The selective-second-order-with-skips model is a useful way to think about what transformers do, at least in the decoder side. It captures, to a first approximation, what generative language models like OpenAI's GPT-3 are doing.
    1. The Query word can be interpreted as the word for which we are calculating Attention. The Key and Value word is the word to which we are paying attention ie. how relevant is that word to the Query word.

      Finally

    1. Other work on interpreting transformer internals has focused mostly on what the attention is looking at. The logit lens focuses on what GPT "believes" after each step of processing, rather than how it updates that belief inside the step.
    1. The attention layer (W in the diagram) computes three vectors based on the input, termed key, query, and value.

      Could you be more specific?

    2. Attention is a means of selectively weighting different elements in input data, so that they will have an adjusted impact on the hidden states of downstream layers.
    1. Once it becomes clear that attention and praise can be garnered from organizing an attack on someone’s reputation, plenty of people discover that they have an interest in doing so.

      This is a whole new sort of "attention economy".

      This genre of problem is also one of the most common defenses given by the accused as sort of "boogeyman" meant to silence accusers. How could we better balance the ills against each of the sides in these cases to mitigate the broader harms in both directions?

  27. Oct 2021
    1. https://slate.com/culture/2011/08/cathy-n-davidson-s-now-you-see-it-do-the-young-really-rule-in-the-internet-era.html

      A very prescient article by Annie Murphy Paul from 2011. It doesn't review Davidson's book, so much as to take to task some of the underlying optimistic views of the magic of technology. If only we were able to better adapt and evolve to create the sort of changes in humanity to take advantage of the potential benefits that were assumed. Instead, much of the tech sector adapted instead to hijack our slowly evolving attention to benefit themselves.

      I wish we as a culture had had more of this sober sort of outlook about technology at the time.

      I'm now even more intrigued by Paul's new book: The Extended Mind: The Power of Thinking Outside the Brain, which is already in my reading queue.

      <small><cite class='h-cite via'> <span class='p-author h-card'>Annie Murphy Paul </span> in "@ChrisAldrich @amandalicastro @CathyNDavidson Chris, you may be interested in this review of "Now You See It" that I wrote . . . https://t.co/TnnbQ3NHWf" / Twitter (<time class='dt-published'>10/17/2021 10:25:52</time>)</cite></small>

    2. The digital age has brought all of us new and exciting tools that will surely continue to alter the way we learn and work. But focusing one’s attention, gathering and synthesizing evidence, and constructing a coherent argument are skills as necessary as they were before—in fact, more necessary than ever, given the swamp of baseless assertion and outright falsehood that is much of the Web. Some day not too far in the future, the digital natives may find themselves turning down the music, shutting off the flickering screen, silencing the buzzing phone and sitting down to do just one thing at a time.

      Very prescient for 2011!

    3. the work of researchers like Clifford Nass of Stanford University. “Human cognition is ill-suited both for attending to multiple input streams and for simultaneously performing multiple tasks,” Nass has written.
    1. All of these corrections havebeen almost exclusively used with pure water under ambient condition

      these correction methods are more compatible with pure water so far.

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. According to addiction expert Dr Anna Lembke, smartphones are making us dopamine junkies. So how do we beat our digital dependency?

      Attention to Intention

      Resonance with the topic for the next World Weavers group conversation on Saturday, October 23: Shifting from an attention economy to an intention economy.

    1. On Saturday, October 9, after our World Weavers conversation on the topic Matter is Derivative of Consciousness, I was exploring Value Village, a thrift store in Chilliwack, with my wife, Jayne. I came across a book that fits with the theme for our World Weavers conversation on October 23: Shifting from an attention economy to an intention economy.

      Sacred Economics

      By Charles Eisenstein

      Sacred money, then, will be a medium of giving, a means to imbue the global economy with the spirit of the gift that governed tribal and village cultures, and still does today wherever people do things for each other outside the money economy.

      Sacred Economics describes this future and also maps out a practical way to get there. Long ago I grew tired of reading books that criticized some aspect of our society without offering a positive alternative. Then I grew tired of books that offered a positive alternative that seemed impossible to reach: “We must reduce carbon emissions by 90 percent.” Then I grew tired of books that offered a plausible means of reaching it but did not describe what I personally, could do to create it. Sacred Economics operates on all four levels: it offers a fundamental analysis of what has gone wrong with money; it describes a more beautiful world based on a different kind of money and economy; it explains the collective actions necessary to create that world and the means by which these actions come about; and it explores the personal dimensions of the world-transformation, the change in identity and being that I call “living in the gift.”

      (Page XIX)

  28. Sep 2021
    1. Side note: When I flagged yours as a dupe during review, the review system slapped me in the face and seriously accused me of not paying attention, a ridiculous claim by itself since locating a (potential) dupe requires quite a lot of attention.
  29. Aug 2021
    1. So for each word, we create a Query vector, a Key vector, and a Value vector. These vectors are created by multiplying the embedding by three matrices that we trained during the training process.
    1. I'm going to try provide an English text example. The following is based solely on my intuitive understanding of the paper 'Attention is all you need'.

      This is also good

    2. For the word q that your eyes see in the given sentence, what is the most related word k in the sentence to understand what q is about?
    3. So basically: q = the vector representing a word K and V = your memory, thus all the words that have been generated before. Note that K and V can be the same (but don't have to). So what you do with attention is that you take your current query (word in most cases) and look in your memory for similar keys. To come up with a distribution of relevant words, the softmax function is then used.
    1. First, what were the economies of attention thatguided his commonplacing techniques? Second, what type of impact did his note-taking skillshave upon the way that he arranged information in texts?

      The two questions addressed in this article.

  30. Jul 2021
    1. Setting Up Scope and Topic

      You need to establish boundaries with respect to what you want to learn, otherwise you'll keep going towards whatever catches your attention in the moment.

  31. Jun 2021
    1. The result is to scatter our attention and diffuse our concentration.

      Computer and phone notifications can be insidious. I've personally turned most of them off.

      I also find that reading and annotating with Hypothes.is has helped me to have more focus while reading---even despite the short turnoffs to cogitate a bit, write a bit, and then return.

  32. May 2021
  33. Apr 2021
    1. It feels like it was thrown together in a weekend using parts from "Think To Die" since even the successful act of feeding your chickens has the same blood-splatter-on-camera-lens that you would get from scoring in Think To Die where your goal is to kill all of your people as opposed to this where you are feeding animals, so what's with the blood splatter? It just shows a lack of attention to detail.
  34. Mar 2021
    1. The idea is interesting that if you introduce a slight distraction or speak softly, people will not only have to try harder to hear you but that the "effort moves us into higher gear, activating more vigorous and more analytical brain machinery." (53)

      It's a frequent story in Hollywood that Michael Ovitz used the tactic of speaking softly to get people to listen to him more closely.

      Ought to dig in to see if anyone has done research on this effect.

      Dan doesn't seem to indicate it, but I'm sort of curious what his parenthetical numbers in the text represent or link to?

  35. Feb 2021
    1. we also wrap them in Failure to solve the second problem: spotting potential exceptions is hard
    2. Almost everything in python can fail with different types of exceptions: division, function calls, int, str, generators, iterables in for loops, attribute access, key access, even raise something() itself may fail. I am not even covering IO operations here. And checked exceptions won’t be supported in the nearest future.
    3. You still need to have a solid experience to spot these potential problems in a perfectly readable and typed code.
    4. print will never be actually executed. Because 1 / 0 is an impossible operation and ZeroDivisionError will be raised.
  36. Jan 2021
    1. Chess thinking provides a rich metacognitive context that leads me to believe that we should tease apart three notions that are related but often conflated – attention, flow and concentration. Attention is fundamentally grounded in perception (how we attend), flow is fundamentally grounded in experience (how we feel), and concentration is grounded in praxis (how we purposively coalesce).
    1. Our human tendency is to focus on threats and problems. For the sake of our emotional wellness, it makes sense to modify that automatic tendency. You can’t control the stressors that come your way, but you can influence the focus of your own attention. You can focus on the things that give you back a feeling of control.

      We tend to focus attention towards stressors. Instead we should try to focus on things that give us more control of the situation. That way we can face our stressors with more resources.

  37. Dec 2020
    1. What you pay attention to is going to be your life.

      .. and also, maybe more important, how you pay attention.

      There is a space for creation when deliberately exploiting/exploring the attention mechanism.

  38. Oct 2020
    1. YouTube doesn’t give an exact recipe for virality. But in the race to one billion hours, a formula emerged: Outrage equals attention.

      Talk radio has had this formula for years and they've almost had to use it to drive any listenership as people left radio for television and other media.

      I can still remember the different "loudness" level of talk between Bill O'Reilly's primetime show on Fox News and the louder level on his radio show.

    1. The attention of the audience is a writer's most precious possession, and the value of audience attention is seldom more clear than in writing for the Web. The time, care, and expense devoted to creating and promoting a hypertext are lost if readers arrive, glance around, and click elsewhere. How can the craft of hypertext invite readers to stay, to explore, and to reflect?

      A very early statement about what was about to become the "attention economy"

    1. Third, content collapse puts all types of information into direct competition. The various producers and providers of content, from journalists to influencers to politicians to propagandists, all need to tailor their content and its presentation to the algorithms that determine what people see. The algorithms don’t make formal or qualitative distinctions; they judge everything by the same criteria. And those criteria tend to promote oversimplification, emotionalism, tendentiousness, tribalism — the qualities that make a piece of information stand out, at least momentarily, from the screen’s blur.

      This is a terrifically painful and harmful thing. How can we redesign a system that doesn't function this way?

    1. Those banners should really be reserved for the important stuff. Because they're not, I've developed a reflex to immediately close those banners without paying attention. It's almost the same as blocking it with an ad-blocker; which defies the (original) purpose of banners.
  39. Sep 2020
    1. The problem I have with this approach to state and prop variables is that the difference between them is very blurry. In React you can clearly see that a prop is an input to component (because of clear function notation), and that state is something internal. In Svelte they are both just variables, with the exception that props use export keyword.

      This is something I've seen before: people noticing that Svelte is missing some kind of naming convention.

      React has use___ convention, for example. Without that, it makes it hard to see the difference between and know just from the name that a function is an (mentioned in the other article I read) action and not a event handler or even component, for example.

    1. la capacité de concentration des élèves de maternelle variait selon leur milieu social. Ces recherches ont débouché sur un programme d'exercices spécifiques, destiné aux écoles de l'État accueillant des enfants défavorisés.

      à 7.56 expérience américaine "créer des connexions"

      https://youtu.be/_pBbKrCz7WM?t=475

    1. Just throwing in <div class="{$$props.class || ''} otherChildClass"></div> seems the easiest, and it'll avoid undefined classes. I feel like many aren't noticing the undefined values getting inserted in their classes.
  40. Aug 2020
    1. This value is about 10 times higher than thevalue reported in literature for this system

      Kd determination by STD may not be accurate with the method mentioned in this paper

    Tags

    Annotators

  41. Jul 2020
  42. Jun 2020
  43. May 2020
    1. Overstimulate their minds so that they cannot hear that still, small voice. Entice them to play the radio or cassette or CD whenever they drive. Keep their TVs, phones and computers going constantly in their home; and see to it that every store and restaurant in the world plays non-biblical music constantly. This will jam their minds and break that union with Christ. Fill the coffee tables with magazines and newspapers. Pound their minds with the news 24 hours a day. Invade their driving moments with billboards.
    1. These options have almost deceptively similar wordings, with only subtle difference that is too hard to spot at a glance (takes detailed comparison, which is fatiguing for a user):

      1. can use your browser’s information for providing advertising services for this website and for their own purposes.
      2. cannot use your browser’s information for purposes other than providing advertising services for this website.

      If you rewrite them to use consistent, easy-to-compare wording, then you can see the difference a little easier:

      1. can use your browser’s information for providing advertising services for this website and for their own purposes.
      2. can use your browser’s information for providing advertising services for this website <del>and for their own purposes</del>.

      Standard Advertising Settings

      This means our ad partners can use your browser’s information for providing advertising services for this website and for their own purposes.

      Do Not Share My Information other than for ads on this website

      This means that our ad partners cannot use your browser’s information for purposes other than providing advertising services for this website.

    1. I reckon that it was: less a communication failure more a failure to pay attention – no disrespect intended. Given the unfortunate coincidence, it's almost entirely understandable that everyone concerned lost sight of Mozilla's forewarning.
  44. Apr 2020
  45. Mar 2020
  46. Aug 2019
    1. a syllabus can’t mandate a particular emotional experience

      And yet, machines are being invented and put in to use that attempt to measure student emotion and attention to inform assessment...

  47. Jul 2019
    1. See the author's blog post In Defense of Soundbites (2 January 2011)

      soundbites have dropped in length for a variety of reasons — economic, political, historical, and professional. What’s more, they’ve been dropping for a long time, as new research suggests that newspaper quotations began shrinking in a similar way in the 1890s.

      Instead of soundbites, then, we should worry about the tone and focus of our political discourse. And there’s no doubt that this, too, has evolved.

      Elaborated in the story:

      Hallin has argued all along that television news in the 1960s and 1970s, which many take to be the genre’s golden age, was never actually that good. Stories were dull and disorganized; those long quotations would be followed by a couple of seconds of dead air. Early newspapers, in their time, were no different. The Boston Globe’s first issue, in 1872, devoted much of its front page to transcriptions of church sermons.

      as networks shortened their sound bites, they also changed the substance of their political coverage. They started using more in-house experts, pundits who looked less at what people said than at how they said it. TV news became more about strategy and the parsing of strategy — about buzzwords like “expectations” and “momentum” — than about the issues that presumably lie at the heart of politics. Journalists wanted to turn campaigns into larger narratives, and there was no easier narrative than covering politics as though it were a sport. Indeed, Ryfe found that the same thing happened with 19th-century journalists, who, as they professionalized, also “became handicappers of the political process.”

      Ironically, this note is nothing but sound bites!

  48. Apr 2019
    1. Thalamus: Our Thalamus is like a cook.  It takes in info from all the senses and then blends it with our autobiographical memory. Breakdown of the thalamus explains why trauma is primarily remembered not as a story with a beginning, middle, or end, but as isolated sensory imprints: images, sounds, physical sensations that are accompanied by intense emotions usually terror and helplessness. In normal circumstances, the thalamus also acts as a filter or gatekeeper. This makes it a central component of attention, concentration, and new learning—all of which are compromised by trauma. People with PTSD have their floodgates wide open. Lacking a filter, they are on constant sensory overload. In order to cope, they try to shut themselves down and develop tunnel vision and hyperfocus. If they can’t shut down naturally, they may enlist drugs or alcohol to block out the world. The tragedy is that the price of closing down includes filtering out sources of pleasure and joy as well.
    1. “Under normal conditions people react to a threat with a temporary increase in their stress hormones. As soon as the threat is over, the hormones dissipate and the body returns to normal. The stress hormones of traumatized people, in contrast, take much longer to return to baseline and spike quickly and disproportionately in response to mildly stressful stimuli. The insidious effects of constantly elevated stress hormones include memory and attention problems, irritability, and sleep disorders. They also contribute to many long-term health issues, depending on which body system is most vulnerable in a particular individual.”
    1. Securely attached kids learn the difference between situations they can control and situations where they need help. They learn that they can play an active role when faced with difficult situations. In contrast, children with histories of abuse and neglect learn that their terror, pleading, and crying do not register with their caregiver. Nothing they can do or say stops the beating or brings attention and help. In effect they’re being conditioned to give up when they face challenges later in life.
  49. Mar 2019
    1. This page describes a method of teaching designed specifically for adults. The instructional design theory is Keller's "ARCS," which stands for attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction--all features that adult learning experiences should be characterized by. The text on this page is readable but the popups and graphics are a bit annoying. rating 3/5

  50. arxiv.org arxiv.org
    1. To the best of our knowl-edge, there has not been any other work exploringthe use of attention-based architectures for NMT

      目前并没人来用attention来做机器翻译