- Jul 2022
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www.thegreatsimplification.com www.thegreatsimplification.com
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20:19 - Loss aversion
We evolved to have this trait of loss aversion to help us survive in lean years by holding onto the precious resources necessary for survivai.
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- Nov 2021
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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I'll use any of them, so long as it's not somebody's proprietary BS.But even if Canonical gave up on keeping all of Snap distribution private in-house, it would still be my last choice because of all the issues Snaps have (and other options don't).
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I am concerned with duplicated dependencies though, that's my primary aversion to flatpak/snap/AppImage/etc.
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- Oct 2021
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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What the world is seeing now, through the window provided by reams of internal documents, is that Facebook catalogs and studies the harm it inflicts on people. And then it keeps harming people anyway.
One of the flaws of Mark Zuckerberg's spectrum disorder is that he either has no sense of shame or his confirmation bias and loss aversion biases are incredibly large.
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Karlsson, L. C., Soveri, A., Lewandowsky, S., Karlsson, L., Karlsson, H., Nolvi, S., Karukivi, M., Lindfelt, M., & Antfolk, J. (2022). The behavioral immune system and vaccination intentions during the coronavirus pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences, 185, 111295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111295
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- May 2021
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Tybur, J. M., Lieberman, D., Fan, L., Kupfer, T. R., & de Vries, R. E. (2020). Behavioral Immune Trade-Offs: Interpersonal Value Relaxes Social Pathogen Avoidance. Psychological Science, 31(10), 1211–1221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620960011
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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Kowalik, Z., & Lewandowski, P. (2020). The Gender Gap in Aversion to COVID-19 Exposure: Evidence from Professional Tennis. IZA Discussion Paper, 13768.
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- Apr 2021
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docs.rangelandsgateway.org docs.rangelandsgateway.org
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When a grazing animal smells and tastes a plant, the flavor is either pleasing or distasteful depending on the animal's previous grazing experiences. When a plant is eaten, it provides feedback during digestion. If consumption of a plant improves the nutrient or energy status of the animal, the plant flavor becomes more desirable or pleasing. If eating of the plant yields illness, the flavor becomes aversive and distasteful (Fig. 2). These flavor-consequence relationships form the basis for dietary likes and dislikes, and the animal then seeks highly palatable foods and avoids aversive foods. The resulting behavior patterns generally lead to increased consump- tion of nutritious foods and limited consumption of toxic or low quality plants.
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docs.rangelandsgateway.org docs.rangelandsgateway.org
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When an animal eats a plant, it receives digestive feedback in the form of energy, nutrients, illness, or toxicosis. If the feedback is positive, preferences are formed to the plant and if the feedback is negative, aversions are formed. The strength of the preference or aversion is determined by the magnitude, nature, and timing of digestive feedback
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- Mar 2021
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Karlsson, L. C., Soveri, A., Lewandowsky, S., Karlsson, L., Karlsson, H., Nolvi, S., … Antfolk, J. (2021, March 4). The Behavioral Immune System and Vaccination Intentions During the Coronavirus Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/r8uaz
Tags
- contaminant aversion
- individual differences
- behavioral science
- evolution
- evolutionary psychology
- COVID-19
- vulnerable
- intention
- vaccine hesitancy
- perceived infectability
- is:preprint
- lang:en
- behavioural immune system
- health psychology
- social science
- disgust
- immune response
- vaccination
- germ aversion
Annotators
URL
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- Sep 2020
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Giles, J. R., Erbach-Schoenberg, E. zu, Tatem, A. J., Gardner, L., Bjørnstad, O. N., Metcalf, C. J. E., & Wesolowski, A. (2020). The duration of travel impacts the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(36), 22572–22579. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922663117
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Berman, J. Z., & Kupor, D. (2020). Moral Choice When Harming Is Unavoidable: Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620948821
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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r/BehSciAsk - Behavioural Policy challenge: How well do people understand trade-offs and accept them? (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved 9 September 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/ii3n2x/behavioural_policy_challenge_how_well_do_people/
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Local file Local file
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Knowing this, if you want someone to make a decision they might consider risky (like abandoning an age-old software platform for something that works), it helps to talk about the bad things that will happen if they don’t take the risk. They’re more apt to respond to that than if you talk about the good things that will happen if they take the risk. In fact, talking about positive outcomes makes people more risk-averse (http://bkaprt.com/dcb/03-12/).
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loss aversion. We are way more scared of losing what we have than excited about getting something new.
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- Aug 2020
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Carroll, P. (2020, August 20). The Cognitive Biases Behind Society’s Response to COVID-19 | Patrick Carroll. https://fee.org/articles/the-cognitive-biases-behind-societys-response-to-covid-19/
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- Jul 2020
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www.nationalgeographic.com www.nationalgeographic.com
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How to make masks that everyone will want to wear. (2020, July 10). Science. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/07/how-to-make-coronavirus-masks-that-everyone-will-want-to-wear-cvd/
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www.jstor.org www.jstor.org
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Only three interview subjects talked to me about their own erotic investment in the fandom, but I suspect that many others were more interested in having fun at FWA than in talk- ing to me about their sex lives. Although my official escort soon left me to proceed on my own, a few people approached me between interviews to make sure I was not up to anything objectionable. The most interesting of these was a graduate student in performance studies whom I met only in full fursuit and who checked my credentials with his major professor, an old friend of mine. I hope that this young scholar and amazing fur-suit dancer - he won the contest - will write about the fandom
There's a pervading distrust of reporters/outsiders at furry conventions. For a group that had their convention gassed (Midwest FurFest 2014), and regularly puts up with death threats of the internet and in real life, I wouldn't consider their scaredy-cat (forgive the pun) behavior all that surprising
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Makhanova, A., & Shepherd, M. A. (2020). Behavioral immune system linked to responses to the threat of COVID-19 [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6dq3g
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- May 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Galandra, C., Cerami, C., Santi, G., Dodich, A., Cappa, S., Vecchi, T., & Crespi, C. (2020). Covid-19 in mind: How job loss and health threatening events modulate risk-taking behaviours in real-life contexts [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5n942
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- Nov 2019
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vle.exeter.ac.uk vle.exeter.ac.uk
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This second assumption, called diminishing marginal utility, will imply ‘risk aversion’!
A student asked
I want to ask why risk-averse has a decreasing marginal utility? Thank you.
Response:
If someone has a decreasing marginal utility of income and they maximise expected utility then they will be risk averse.
This is something that takes a long time to fully explain, and I try to give an explanation in the web-book and in lecture (and again in tomorrow's lecture).
One simple intuition.: Risk averse essentially means "I will never take any fair gamble".
E.g., "I'll never accept a bet with an equal chance of losing or gaining some amount X." How does diminishing MU of income explain this? If I have diminishing MU of income then my utility is increasing in income at a decreasing rate.
The first units of income (e.g., going from 0 income to 15k income) add more utility than the later units of income (e.g., going from 15k income to 30k income) , which adds more than even later increments (e.g., going from 30k to 45k), etc.
So "an equal chance of losing or gaining X" would not be attractive to such a person. Why not? Because relative to any point "losing X" reduces my utility more than "gaining X" increases it.
E.g., in the above example, if you started at 15K income you wouldn't want to have an equal chance of losing or gaining 15K in income. Having 0 income would be terrible, while having 30k income would be better, but not 'that much' better. As we said, the utility difference between 0 and 15K is much greater than the utility difference between 15k and 30k... because of the assumption of diminishing marginal utility. So it's better to have 15k for sure than to have a 50/50 chance of 0k or 30k.
The 'utility loss from losing 15k' is greater than the 'utility gain from gaining 15k'. As expected utility weights the utility of each outcome by its probability and sums these, in considering a 1/2 chance of losing 15k and a 1/2 chance of gaining 15k these probabilities weight equally, so I only need to consider "does the utility cost of losing 15k exceed the utility gain from gaining 15k" in this example. Because of diminishing MU, we know it does not. Nor does it for any "equal chance of losing or gaining some amount X". Thus this person is risk-averse.
I hope this helps. Looking at the 'utility of income' diagrams may also be helpful.
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