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Dear BioRxiv staff, This preprint is now published in Sci Adv since the 24th of April. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adz6211 Could you please updete it? Thanks for the continuous support to open science. Best, María Gómez

ascendent to ever inclusive realization of these ideals

convergent

They are ever present in every moment and through time they have a trajectory of development evolution if you like

there is excellence without mathematics

Medve

Instead of separating schema in a DTD

write/compose documents with

explicitely named structural elements that are themselves selfcontained description of the role, function, purpose, affordance of the named element

Literally, a grove = is a Graph Representation Of property ValuEs. -

Groves provide constructs for describing directed graphs

consisting of - nodes, - which have properties, and - arcs, which connect the nodes.

The basic idea is that any data, especially structured documents, can be modeled using directed graphs.

A tree structure is a type of directed graph, and anyone familiar with parsing structured documents, be they XML documents or source code, will understand the utility of tree structures for representing those documents.

In the early 2000s Engelbart and a group of collaborators were coülaborating on the inception and creation of an Open HyperDocument System

formed a Launch Community for the same

The work we do in IndyLab builds on and aims to realize the vision. "The Future inherent certainty" that there could be (as the Wiki demonstrated) a simplest possible way that it could possibly work that would augment human interintellect via unbounddd, unenclosable, interpersonal co-laboration on the Web weaving the IndyWeb of Open collaborative HyperDocument system, what it wanted to be in the first place

Armed with the Pratcial Magic of Content Address-ability

aiming for

• human centered/meaningful
• co-evolutionary

articulations - auto poietic - eventually effective - formulations

with mutual arising - intellectual<br /> - intentional - transparency

Groves

indy.dweb.archive=Introduction.Groves~OHS-Launch.community

I 1 finds something worthy of deep attention

do the work win an/innotaation

so that what is of interest can be shared with others through a higher bandwidth

and opening a sa(l|p)ience scape for engagement , threaded linked conversations

connecting people interests and dieas

when 1 studies works of interests

record the salience and the associated ideas

so that these associated ideas become re - call - sume - able in conplex

most importantly jot down the ideas that are evoked in the context where they arise

capture yOur co-laborative thinking on the margins

Property sets

let you define nodes, - which essentially are a set of properties. - These properties have names and a data type. Data types can either be primitive, familiar types such as strings and characters and integers, or they can be nodal -- another node, a list of nodes, or a node map (known in property set parlance as a named node list). Represented graphically, a node and its nodal properties are connected to each other by an arc, with the direction of the arc pointing towards the property

In order to describe the structure of a grove, you need a data modeling language. Property Sets are that language. They consist of an SGML DTD used to define the schema for a grove. I won't describe the property set syntax in detail here, as the ISO specification does a good job of documenting it.

Both Example 1 and Figure 1 should look familiar to computer programmers, and for good reason. One of the programmer's primary jobs is data modeling -- figuring out a way to represent data so that the software can manipulate it appropriately, and then expressing that data abstraction in a programming language. All programming languages, in fact, are data modeling languages, since they provide a way to express data models.

What exactly does this mean? At the lowest level, all data represented by a data model is addressable at any granularity, since software can address and retrieve any chunk of data stored in an internal data structure. The value of groves is that it provides an explicit way of specifying the smallest units of data that can be addressed by an application and a navigational scheme for describing the location of this data.

data model vs

salience scape

sapience scape

As a data modeling language, groves * fall between the two extremes, - leaning a bit towards the lower- level languages**.

The intent of groves is to enable addressability of data -

-- in other words, provide the capability to - describe unequivocally the location - of a chunk of data =

Towards the opposite end of the extreme, you have

data modeling languages such as - E/R and - UML diagrams,

which are more human-centered and

present a higher-level abstraction of the data.

The cost of these abstractions is the - lack of information that may be valuable in - implementing these data models.

For example, E/R diagrams allow you to specify

the cardinality of a relationship - (i.e. one-to-n, n-to-one, n-to-n),

but they do not allow you to express other kinds of constraints, and

they have no notion of primitive data types.

Consequently, they are not adequate to - generate equivalent source code - automatically and - completely,

although they could be used to generate stub code.

As a result, the data modeling part - of a programming language tends to be

close to the machine,

describing low-level structures in a way that - sometimes obscures the higher-level meaning of

a data model.

The intent of a programming language is for - the expression of a data model - (i.e. source code) to be translated into a - machine-readable representation of the data.

The casual tone in this part is really helpful since citation usually gets talked about in a pretty formal way. Viewing citation as a handy tool for staying organized and doing research down the line makes it seem way more practical and useful.

This section describes research as a collaborative process rather than as something completed entirely by an individual. This perspective illustrates why it is crucial to acknowledge outside sources and viewpoints in academic work.

This is significant because plagiarism is typically discussed only in terms of copying words. However, misrepresenting someone's ideas can also be misleading. This reminder about accurately using sources strongly connects to ethical research practices.

This sentence clearly explains something many still get confused about during research projects. Including a short example showing the difference between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing could make this section even more useful for beginners.

t's seriously important to recognize that applying research completed by others to our own work can be challenging. The breakdown of honesty, respect, and responsibility is helpful because it links academic integrity to professional and ethical behavior outside the classroom. This section explains these concepts in a practical manner, rather than using overly technical language.

Gives academic citation more meaningful than simply avoiding plagiarism. The focus on clarity and transparency helps explain why citations are important within academic conversations and research.

This stood out because though out academic seetings citation is often taught only as a formatting requirement instead of explaining why it matters academically. The section does a good job connecting citation practices to communication, credibility, and academic integrity.

This section effectively explains how information shared across platforms online can quickly lose important context. The discussion about tracing claims, quotes, and media back to their original sources is particularly relevant in today's fast-paced information landscape.

This clarification is helpful because it highlights that citations are not just about support or approval. It encourages us to recognize that sources can be cited for various purposes, including criticism, comparison, and fostering meaningful discussions within academic research. This understanding can enhance the depth and quality of our work.

The explanation of lateral reading was particularly helpful because it offers a practical strategy rather than simply instructing readers to “check credibility.” Including a step-by-step example of a real lateral search could make this process even easier for beginners to understand. This also made me think about how AI's use in fact-checking isn't always accurate.

This section is noteworthy because skepticism is often seen in a negative light. However, it emphasizes that skepticism is a vital component of critical thinking and evaluating sources. The wording clarifies that assessing credibility involves asking thoughtful questions rather than simply distrusting everything automatically.

R0:

Reviewer #1: Recommendation 1: The modeling approach is fundamentally sound and relevant to TB control (a major public health issue), but the manuscript needs to address transparency (data sources, parameter justification) and clarify some methodological assumptions (e.g. definition of Reproduction number) before it can be accepted.

Recommendation 2: The sensitivity analysis methods (Pearson, PRCC) are suitable but need more rigor in reporting (sample details, uncertainty). The data-fitting procedure requires complete description (data source, fitting algorithm, goodness-of-fit). The authors should include more quantitative statistical assessment of their model fit and uncertainty in parameter effects.

Recommendation 3: The authors should provide a Data Availability Statement with actual access information (URL, DOI, or supplementary files) for the epidemiological data and any other material used. At the end of the file, an editorial link points to the Bangladesh NTP Annual Report 2022, which presumably provided TB case counts, but this is not an open dataset citation. Without accessible data, readers cannot reproduce or verify the results.

Recommendation 4: The writing requires major language editing. Grammatical issues and awkward phrasing occur repeatedly. Several citations are incomplete (marked as “[?]”). These issues hinder readability. The manuscript would benefit from careful editing by a fluent English speaker. With editing, the intellectual content is conveyable, but in its current state the language detracts from clarity.

Reviewer #2: This manuscript presents a mathematical modeling study on tuberculosis transmission using an SEITR framework incorporating distancing and treatment control strategies. The authors apply optimal control theory, stability analysis, sensitivity analysis, and data fitting to assess the impact of interventions. The topic is relevant to public health and epidemiological modeling, and the integration of control theory with real data is a valuable contribution. Overall, the study demonstrates potential scientific merit; however, several important issues should be addressed to improve the quality, clarity, and reliability of the work.

Major Strengths

The manuscript develops a structured SEITR model that includes exposed and treated compartments, allowing for a more realistic representation of tuberculosis dynamics.

The application of Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to determine optimal intervention strategies is appropriate and well motivated.

The use of sensitivity analysis, including Pearson correlation and PRCC, strengthens the interpretation of key parameters.

Incorporation of real tuberculosis data from Bangladesh and curve fitting enhances the practical relevance of the study.

The findings highlight the importance of combined distancing and treatment strategies, which is relevant for policy planning.

Major Concerns

Language and Presentation The manuscript contains numerous grammatical errors, awkward phrasing, and unclear sentences that affect readability. Several sections require substantial English language editing. Professional proofreading is strongly recommended to improve clarity and coherence.

Incomplete and Missing Citations Many references in the text are marked with “[?]”, indicating missing citations. These must be replaced with appropriate and verifiable references. Failure to do so weakens the scientific credibility of the manuscript.

Reference Quality and Formatting Several references appear incomplete, inconsistently formatted, or potentially inaccurate. All references should be verified and formatted according to journal guidelines. The authors should ensure that all cited sources are reliable and accessible.

Mathematical Notation and Consistency Some notations are used ambiguously, particularly the symbol λ, which represents both the force of infection and adjoint variables. This may confuse readers. The notation should be revised for clarity. In addition, some derivations in the optimal control section are not sufficiently detailed and require clearer explanation.

Data Availability and Reproducibility The Data Availability Statement is insufficient. PLOS requires full access to underlying data and, where applicable, code. The authors should provide the dataset in an accessible repository and include links. Details on parameter estimation and model fitting procedures should also be expanded.

Model Validation While curve fitting is presented, quantitative goodness-of-fit measures (e.g., RMSE, R², confidence intervals) are not provided. Including these metrics would strengthen the validation of the model.

Overstatement of Novelty The novelty section contains strong claims that are not fully supported by the analysis. The authors should moderate these statements and clearly specify how their approach differs from and extends existing studies.

Figures and Visualization Some figures lack sufficient resolution, clear legends, and readable labels. All figures should be revised to meet publication standards and to improve interpretability.

Ethical and Data Source Clarification The manuscript should clearly state whether ethical approval was required for the use of hospital data and how patient confidentiality was ensured, even if the data are aggregated.

Minor Concerns

Several typographical errors and formatting inconsistencies are present throughout the manuscript.

Some sections are repetitive, particularly in the Introduction and Discussion.

Units and parameter descriptions in the appendix should be clarified and consistently presented.

The structure of some tables can be improved for better readability.

Suggestions for Improvement

Revise the entire manuscript for language quality and clarity.

Replace all missing citations and verify references.

Improve mathematical notation and provide clearer derivations.

Expand the methodology for parameter estimation and numerical implementation.

Provide full data and code access in line with PLOS policies.

Include quantitative validation metrics.

Revise figures and tables for better presentation.

Reframe the novelty claims in a more balanced manner.

Conclusion

The manuscript addresses an important topic and combines mathematical modeling with real data and optimal control analysis. With substantial revision focusing on language quality, citation completeness, data transparency, mathematical clarity, and methodological rigor, the study has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to tuberculosis control research. At present, major revisions are necessary before the manuscript can be considered for publication.

Reviewer #3: PLOS Global Public Health (PGPH-D-26-00093) Reviewer’s Comments The authors studied ‘Dynamical Behavior Analysis of 2-control Strategies on Tuberculosis Model. The authors must be commended for carrying out this research. As the paper is, technically correct formulation of the SEITR system, Standard application of Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, Inclusion of sensitivity analysis and data fitting and clear policy motivation (treatment and distancing synergy). However, authors need to address the following suggestions to improve the manuscript: Comment 1: Abstract Please consider/incorporate the followings points in the abstract i. aim/ objectives ii. Methods applied iii. Results/ Findings iv. Recommendations to policymakers

Comment 2: Introduction Please consider/incorporate the following points in the introduction. i. Significance of the research ii. Please clearly indicate in a summarized form your observations about the related literature reviewed as compared to your research. Comment 3: Research gap and main contribution At the ending section of the introduction: i. Authors should clearly state the research gap in the manuscript. ii. SEIR/SEITR TB models with: treatment control, distancing or awareness control, PMP-based optimal control, sensitivity analysis have been extensively studied (including several papers already cited). Authors should compare their research with the existing literature and state what exactly is new in their research (main contribution) compared to existing studies. iii. The claimed novelty which comprises “composite analytical methodology integrating control-oriented stability decomposition with normalized forward sensitivity indexing” is not clearly demonstrated mathematically. Authors should check that.

Comment 4: Stability analysis The stability analysis must be improved. Authors analyzed only DFE stability. Authors should consider Endemic equilibrium (EE) existence, Local or global stability of EE and Backward bifurcation analysis. Since TB models, normally exhibit backward bifurcation and highly relevant. Comment 5: Sensitivity analysis Authors conducted so many sensitivity plots, with little insight. Parameter ranges are not clearly justified and some interpretations are inconsistent (e.g., γ showing weak PRCC but strong analytical sensitivity). Authors should correct that. Comment 6: Grammatical Errors There are some grammatical errors in the manuscript. For instance 1. “Pontryagain’s” → Pontryagin’s 2. Repetitive phrases (“It is noted that…”, “It is observed that…”) and 3. Overly long descriptive captions instead of analytical discussion

Comment 7: Inconsistencies in Notations 1. The authors used \lambda for both force of infection and adjoint derivative, 2. Parameters appear in equations but are not always defined immediately 3. Table 1 includes parameter \eta which does not appear in the model Authors should correct that.

Comment 9: In Text-Reference A lot of in-text references are missing in the manuscript. Authors should correct that.

Comment 10: Conclusion State the limitations and future work in this section. Comment 11: Cost-effectiveness analysis Cost-effectiveness analysis can be added to the control model to improve the manuscript. Remarks: Minor Revision Required Thank you

R1: Reviewer #2: The authors have adequately addressed all comments raised in the previous round of review. The revisions have significantly improved the clarity, methodological rigor, and overall presentation of the manuscript. The study presents a well-structured and technically sound analysis of the dynamical behavior of tuberculosis transmission under two control strategies. The modeling framework is appropriate, and the assumptions are clearly stated and justified. The statistical and mathematical analyses appear to be conducted rigorously, and the results are presented in a coherent and interpretable manner. Importantly, the conclusions are well supported by the data and align with the objectives of the study. The authors have also ensured compliance with data availability requirements, which enhances transparency and reproducibility. The manuscript is clearly written in standard English, with improved organization and readability compared to the previous version. Any minor typographical or grammatical issues noted earlier have been appropriately corrected. Overall, the manuscript now meets the publication criteria of PLOS Global Public Health and is suitable for publication.

Reviewer #3: Dear Editor PLOS Global Public Health(PGPH-D-26-00093R1) Reviewer’s Comments The authors studied ‘Dynamical Behavior Analysis of 2-control Strategies on Tuberculosis Model. I have checked the revised version of the manuscript according to the comments given. The authors have revised the manuscript according to the comments. I suggest that the manuscript can be accepted for publication PLOS Global Public Health after this minor suggestion. However, authors need to address the suggestion below to improve the manuscript: Comment on main Contribution The main contributions must not be stated as questions. Authors should correct that. Authors should be: 1. Specific: Focus on what is new (novel theory), the method, or data. 2. Employ Active Verbs: Begin them with phrases such as "We propose," "We discover," "We develop," or "We demonstrate" etc 3. The introduction should state the questions you asked, while the contribution section (or conclusion) should state the answers you found.

Remarks: Accept Thank you

Reviewer #4: Interesting study, here are my recommendations to improve the manuscript:

• Authors need to conform to international guidelines of scientific writing. Sentences like "doctors typically diagnose..." can be better written with "healthcare professionals diagnose..."
• The introduction section has information about the basics of tuberculosis and models design that are not necessarily important to the study. Can revise and shorten. See comment above too.
• In fact, it would be beneficial if you provide details about the current TB control strategy in Bangladesh and some background epidemiologic data about TB in Bangladesh (the country of interest) the introduction.
• tuberculin skin test is use to diagnose TB "infection"- clarify this to readers
• I assume that the first control strategy "treatment" involves treatment of active TB disease, not latent infection.
• Not sure if authors accounted for failure of TB treatment in the model?
• What is the prevalence of MDR-TB in Bangladesh and was this accounted for in the transmission model and cost-effectiveness model?

This is notable because many people tend to judge sources too quickly based solely on titles. The specific suggestions for checking abstracts, introductions, indexes, and bibliographies offer effective strategies for evaluating sources more thoroughly and efficiently.

This section reinforces an important point that is easy to overlook during research. Even a highly credible source is not very useful if it does not actually connect to the research question being studied.

The COVID-19 example was particularly effective because it demonstrates how source evaluation can change based on circumstances. By using a real-world scenario that everyone, especially in an online environment, has experienced, the discussion about currency becomes much more practical and relatable.

This introduction clarifies relevance in a straightforward manner. Research can sometimes feel complicated, so starting with a clear definition simplifies the evaluation process.

The examples in this section provide valuable insights into how the evaluation of sources can vary depending on context and purpose. By comparing casual information needs with those related to research or health, we can better understand the critical role that thoughtful analysis plays in assessing sources effectively.

This explanation is compelling because it emphasizes that many people mistakenly prioritize a source's trustworthiness over its relevance to the research question. The section clearly illustrates that assessing relevance should be the initial step in effectively evaluating information.

Evaluating sources can sometimes feel less straightforward than students expect; it does a good job showing how credibility is often determined by looking at multiple details together instead of relying on one factor alone.

The ethical and environmental concerns makes the conversation about AI feel more balanced instead of focusing only on convenience and productivity.

This section connects strongly to information literacy because it reinforces the importance of lateral reading and source evaluation. AI can be helpful for brainstorming or explanations, but this chapter does a good job reminding readers that it should not replace careful research.

A brief example showing what an AI hallucination might actually look like in a student research paper could make this concept even easier to recognize in practice. The citation example was useful because it shows how believable incorrect information can appear.

This explanation was especially helpful because many people assume AI-generated information is automatically correct if it sounds professional or confident. The discussion about plausibility versus accuracy does a good job explaining why verification and critical thinking are still necessary when using AI tools.

The Google Books section was useful because many people probably only think of Google as a search engine and not as a research support tool. Being able to preview books before requesting or purchasing them seems especially helpful for narrowing sources down more efficiently.

This practical tip makes the section easier to apply in real research situations. A lot of frustration during research comes from finding articles without full access, so this strategy could save students time with trouble shooting.

The citation tracing explanation was especially helpful because this is a feature many people probably overlook when using Google Scholar. Including examples like this makes the tool feel much more useful for finding current research and related studies.

Many students tend to use Google Scholar as their first resource without recognizing the importance of evaluating sources. This explanation effectively clarifies that while Google Scholar can be useful later in the research process, it should not be the primary starting point for research.

This explanation made interlibrary loan feel much simpler than it seemed initially. Before reading this section, the process appeared more complicated and difficult to access.

We shouldn't forget to support our local libraries so they can remain a part of the community, especially amid all the cutbacks to library resources. The reminder about public access helps show how community resources can support research and lifelong learning.

This is really awesome tool; Including a direct example or screenshot of what an interlibrary loan request form looks like could make this process easier to understand for first-time users who may feel intimidated by library systems.

Helpful in providing resources outside of their own school or town library.

Il y a tout de même un témoignage qui montre que des histoires d'amour "vraies" sont possibles. Florence est passée elle aussi par cette phrase de recherche frénétique qu'elle décrit très bien "j'étais prise au jeu". Elle ne semble pas avoir fait un travail sur elle même à ce sujet, sa rencontre avec son conjoint actuel semble lié à la chance

Les personnes se sentent obligées de mentir sur qui ils sont vraiment pour avoir une chance d'attirer quelqu'un parmi le panel

L

L'article date de 2013 ! Il s'agissait des débuts des sites de rencontres .... aujourd'hui ils sont clairement normalisés

L'auteur constate que les sites de rencontres ont eu un impact sur l'idée que les gens se font de l'amour (le mythe de l'homme idéal), les poussant à recherche uniquement quelqu'un qui leur corresponde sur la base de critères prédéfinis.

This stood out because bias is often thought of as directly sharing opinions, but leaving out important information can also influence how people understand a topic or event. The comparison between different types of news sources was helpful in explaining how credibility and bias can vary across media platforms.

This section was helpful because it explains that sources are not automatically good or bad on their own. The usefulness of a source really depends on the purpose of the research project and the type of information being gathered. While completing research for this class I found myself running into this problem a couple of different times.

This part stood out because research projects can become overwhelming and frustrating when information starts piling up from different places; its not surpsing if slip up happen. The example template included in the chapter was helpful because it shows a realistic way to stay organized throughout the research process.

Organizing source types and information needs ahead of time seems like a good strategy for avoiding confusion and making the research process feel more manageable; making the process less stressful.

The section does a good job explaining that sources are not only used for citations, but also for developing ideas, understanding different viewpoints, and building stronger arguments.

Having multiple perspectives make the discussion more balanced and thoughtful. The emphasis on addressing multiple perspectives also connects well to critical thinking and stronger academic writing.

Puts this as a realistic approach to research by acknowledging that many students get frustrated with finding sources. Explaining sources as tools that support the entire research process helps make research feel more purposeful instead of just another assignment requirement.

The section does a good job combining definitions with practical guidance instead of only explaining the concept theoretically. Including a screenshot example from a database or library catalog could make the process even clearer and easier to recognize while searching for sources.

This comment is helpful- peer review involves much more than simply checking for mistakes. The section does a good job explaining how the process helps maintain quality and credibility within academic research.

The visual examples throughout this section make the difference between quantitative and qualitative data much easier to understand. Including images and real-world examples helps explain the concepts in a more practical way instead of only relying on definitions. It really helped me out I am a visual learner so having that was great!

helpful because typically associaiton in regards to data only with charts, spreadsheets, or statistics. The examples using videos, sound clips, and maps do a good job showing how information can be communicated in multiple formats depending on the situation or audience.

Super important to Note; The explanation here does a good job reminding readers that all sources still need to be evaluated carefully for credibility and bias, even when they come directly from someone involved in an event.

explains why understanding primary, secondary, and tertiary sources actually matters beyond just memorizing definitions. The connection to critical thinking and workplace skills makes the topic feel much more practical and relevant; outside of the classroom setting.

The Evolution of the Card Catalog System – Raymond Geddes<br /> accessed on 2026-05-13T21:39:37

This is a good point to make; explanation helps normalize revising and refining ideas throughout the research process.

This example stood out because it shows how research questions often explore larger social issues instead of looking for one simple answer. It also demonstrates how research questions can connect to community access, education, and civic engagement in meaningful ways.

This introduction was great because it connects research questions to everyday life instead of making them seem like something that only exists in academic settings. The examples throughout the section also make the difference between regular questions and research questions much easier to understand.

https://americanwritersmuseum.org/<br /> American Writers Museum<br /> Chicago, IL

The 1960 Royal FP "special order"<br /> by [[Erik Bruchez]]<br /> accessed on 2026-05-13T21:18:30

This is important here:often people gather information quickly without thinking critically about it.

The emphasizes that research questions are not just another assignment requirement. A strong research question helps guide the entire direction of a project and makes the research process more focused and intentional.

Steve Job points out great key points and technology and how technology should be used and to be approached. Many company make there technology very complicated and when there is a issue with that technology where a user can not understand it the user may give up. What this video mentions is that technology should be simply and easy to understand so that all users can control it and overall have a great experience with that specific technology.

This is important (I feel like research paper get scary due to the wide variety of informaiton) because many students probably begin research with questions that are too broad or too simple to support an academic project. Including specific examples helps make the difference between the two much easier to understand.

The Royal KHM (1938)<br /> by [[Erik Bruchez]]<br /> accessed on 2026-05-13T21:06:46

My KHM holds this same distinction in my collection.

This section explains well that research topics usually become clearer over time rather than being fully developed at the beginning. That approach makes the brainstorming process feel more manageable and realistic for students who are still trying to narrow down their ideas.

The 5Ws structure makes mind mapping feel much more approachable and organized, especially for students who may struggle with where to begin brainstorming; which makes the whole process less stressful.

This part stood out because mind mapping is not always discussed in research courses (this was my first time running into it), even though it can really help organize thoughts visually. It might also be helpful to include an image example of a completed mind map so students can better understand how detailed or organized theirs should be.

This section was helpful as it explains the purpose of a research plan in a simple and straightforward way.

Eric Bruchez<br /> http://blog.bruchez.name/categories/typewriters/

definitions of success

i wonder if Japan's inclusion at this stage comes across as an asian token - more relevant to get malaysia, indonesia, south nanyang china, even central asia

key priorities + relevancy

purpose of national guidance doc

issues with lack of structure

Restoring a Yost 20 Typewriter<br /> by [[Erik Bruchez]]<br /> accessed on 2026-05-13T20:59:04

Erik Bruchez describes how he used shellac and denatured alcohol to re-shellac his Yost 20 followed up with 600 grit sandpaper to smooth things back out as necessary.

The large promotional banner at the top of the Walmart page automatically rotates between images, which creates an accessibility issue. Module 2 explains that many users with motor impairments rely on assistive technologies like adaptive keyboards, head wands, or single-switch devices, and these tools cannot easily pause or control moving content. When the carousel changes on its own, it can move too quickly for screen readers to finish reading the text and makes navigation harder for users who cannot use a mouse. Because the movement happens without user input and may not offer clear pause controls, it fails the "Operable" principle by reducing user control over the interface.

Each product tile on the Walmart page uses proper HTML structure for elements like product names, prices, and "+Add" buttons. Module 2 explains that content must be readable by a wide range of assistive technologies, including screen readers, braille displays, and screen magnifiers. Because these elements are coded in a way that tools like NVDA, ChromeVox, and braille readers can interpret, users with visual or motor impairments can reliably access the same information. This supports the "Robust" principle by ensuring the page remains usable across different devices, browsers, and assistive technologies as they evolve.

The search bar at the top of the Walmart page can be accessed and used with only a keyboard, without requiring mouse-based actions like hovering. Module 2 explains that not all users can operate a mouse, especially those with motor impairments, so interactive elements must be useable through alternative input methods. Because the search bar supports keyboard navigation, it follows the "Operable" principle by allowing users to interact with the interface in multiple ways.

This Walmart section shows many promotional tiles at once, each with different colours, images, and text styles. As Module 2, explains users with dyslexia, ADHD, or autism can struggle with cluttered or visually busy designs because they increase cognitive load. Since the layout is not simple or predictable, it violates the "Understandable" principle by making the content harder to process.

This brings up a good point; terminology during research is very important. Without learning the language commonly used within a topic, it would be easy to miss valuable sources or information while searching databases and other academic resources.

This stood out because its comon thougt process to assume jumpint into scholarly journal articles when starting research. Beginning with background reading first seems much more realistic and ideal since it helps build a foundation and understanding of important terminology before moving into more advanced academic sources.

Not immediately having a perfect research question makes the research process feel more realistic. A lot of students probably assume they are supposed to know exactly what they want to research right away, when in reality good research often comes from exploring different ideas, asking questions, and slowly narrowing things down through curiosity and critical thinking. Picking on topic can be very challenging.

Starting off with this sentence is very important to many users its a strong topic to talk about and when i read the whole article this stood out to me the most. This sentence says everything about Dark patterns they lead an individual to making a decision that the user does not know what they are doing and that they don't understand it completely. For example when you go and sign up for any entertainment subscription there may be hidden fees that the user does not notice until they pay everything, when that happens the user does not trust that company anymore due to the unprofessional experience.

The research plan section stood out because it makes the research process feel more organized and intentional instead of overwhelming. Breaking research down into categories like source types, databases, and information needed seems like an effective way to avoid wasting time and create a clearer direction before starting a major project

The explanation of annotations being more than just summaries was helpful because it highlights how research is supposed to be an active process instead of just collecting sources.

via Tyler Alan Macek at https://www.facebook.com/groups/705152958470148/posts/1255908216727950/

A black light is potentially better, but a bright light should work too.

via Leighton Jeffy at https://www.facebook.com/groups/705152958470148/posts/1255908216727950/

Sounds roughly similar to

via Luke Fuji at https://www.facebook.com/groups/705152958470148/posts/1255908216727950/

https://discord.com/channels/639936208734126107/639938269030907914/1302694827682697330

Pelicram's Shellac Rescue Formula aka The Cowboy's Delight.

This will help bring back a deeper black color shellaced panels which have been yellowed and damaged by UV over the years. With enough elbow grease it will remove the old shellac completely but it takes a very long time and you're likely to damage any decals present on the panel. In most cases the procedure described below will be sufficient to restore the appearance to an acceptable level.

The recipe: - 70% Light machine oil. - 30% IPA (Isopropyl Alcohol) or White/Mineral Spirits.

Ideally use an oil that is dissolved into the IPA/Mineral Spirits, if they settle into separate layers make sure you shake the mixture thoroughly before applying.

Mix the oil and solvent in something like a dropper bottle or similar vessel for convenient application.

• Clean part with Fulgentin (Or general purpose cleaner of your choice) and wipe dry.
• Apply oil/ipa mix to part and rub in lightly with clean microfiber cloth or shop towel. Use plenty of the mix, it should not feel dry.
• Wipe with microfiber cloth after 15 minutes to get rid of any excess.
• Do not apply any kind of wax (like Renessaince Wax) afterwards, from my testing it will bring back the haziness.

evaluating information stood out to me because misinformation is so common now, especially online and on social media. I think this part is very relatable to everyday life because people constantly have to decide what information is trustworthy and what is misleading. In professional settings, especially in human services, evaluating information carefully is important because decisions can directly impact other people and the support or resources they receive

I enjoyed that this example shows information literacy as something we use in everyday life and not just for school assignments. There is so much information online about dieting and health trends now that people really have to evaluate what sources are trustworthy and what actually fits their own health needs. My brother has diabetes and fatty liver disease, and I have seen firsthand how important it is to find reliable information instead of just following random advice or trends online.

https://www.facebook.com/groups/705152958470148/posts/1267717735546998

Tap Tap Art<br /> https://taptapart.com/about.html

equalising everyone on the same level

substance over decoration

caregiver ethos

empowering tenacity

aims of OPEN x clinical trials

-- to support clinical trials

growing research efforts

research and implementation

structure of PPI

OPEN voices challenges

whatsapp channels

issues with lack of funding

gratitude framework - what's been done to mitigate lack of funding

이상동기 범죄는 ▲피해자 무관련성 ▲동기 이상성 ▲행위의 비전형성 등 3가지 요건을 모두 갖춘 범죄를 뜻한다.

Caso a associação legitimada desistir da ação, caberá ao Ministério Público ou outro legitimado assumir a ação. Logo não há exclusividade do MP neste ponto.

• Informativo nº 738
• 30 de maio de 2022.
• SEGUNDA SEÇÃO
• Processo: AR 4.684-SP, Rel. Min. Maria Isabel Gallotti, Segunda Seção, por unanimidade, julgado em 11/05/2022, DJe 19/05/2022.

Ramo do Direito DIREITO PROCESSUAL CIVIL

Ação Civil Pública. Inversão do ônus de sucumbência sem a afirmação da ocorrência de má-fé. Impossibilidade. Violação literal do art. 18 da Lei n. 7.347/1985 e art. 87 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor.

DESTAQUE - Nos termos dos arts. 18 da Lei n. 7.347/1985 e 87 do CDC, não há condenação em honorários advocatícios na Ação Civil Pública, salvo em caso de comprovada má-fé.

INFORMAÇÕES DO INTEIRO TEOR - O art. 17 da Lei da Ação Civil Pública - LACP dispõe que "em caso de litigância de má-fé, a associação autora e os diretores responsáveis pela propositura da ação serão solidariamente condenados em honorários advocatícios e ao décuplo das custas, sem prejuízo da responsabilidade por perdas e danos".

• No mesmo sentido, o art. 18 da LACP determina que "[n]as ações de que trata esta lei, não haverá adiantamento de custas, emolumentos, honorários periciais e quaisquer outras despesas, nem condenação da associação autora, salvo comprovada má-fé, em honorários de advogado, custas e despesas processuais".

• Por seu turno, o art. 87 do CDC dispõe: "Nas ações coletivas de que trata este código não haverá adiantamento de custas, emolumentos, honorários periciais e quaisquer outras despesas, nem condenação da associação autora, salvo comprovada má-fé, em honorários de advogados, custas e despesas processuais. Parágrafo único. Em caso de litigância de má-fé, a associação autora e os diretores responsáveis pela propositura da ação serão solidariamente condenados em honorários advocatícios e ao décuplo das custas, sem prejuízo da responsabilidade por perdas e danos".

• No ponto, cumpre observar que "[a] jurisprudência dominante nesta Corte orienta-se no sentido de que, nos termos do art. 18 da Lei n. 7.347/1985, não há condenação em honorários advocatícios na Ação Civil Pública, salvo em caso de comprovada má-fé. Referido entendimento deve ser aplicado tanto para o autor - Ministério Público, entes públicos e demais legitimados para a propositura da Ação Civil Pública -, quanto para o réu, em obediência ao princípio da simetria".

• Na hipótese, esta Corte, na decisão rescindenda, determinou a inversão do ônus de sucumbência sem qualquer manifestação quanto à ocorrência de má-fé por parte da associação autora, violando, assim, literalmente, o disposto nos arts. 18 da LACP e 87 do CDC.

• Informativo nº 730
• 28 de março de 2022.
• TERCEIRA TURMA
• Processo: REsp 1.974.436-RJ, Rel. Min. Nancy Andrighi, Terceira Turma, por unanimidade, julgado em 22/03/2022, DJe 25/03/2022.

Ramo do Direito DIREITO PROCESSUAL CIVIL

Paz, Justiça e Instituições EficazesTema <br /> Ação civil pública proposta por associação de natureza privada. Art. 18 da Lei n. 7.347/1985. Honorários advocatícios. Princípio da simetria utilizado em benefício do réu. Impossibilidade.

DESTAQUE - Não se aplica às ações civis públicas propostas por associações e fundações privadas o princípio da simetria na condenação do réu nas custas e nos honorários advocatícios.

INFORMAÇÕES DO INTEIRO TEOR - Inicialmente cumpre salientar, que a Corte Especial do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, no EAREsp 962.250/SP, fixou, quanto ao tema, a seguinte tese: "em razão da simetria, descabe a condenação em honorários advocatícios da parte requerida em ação civil pública, quando inexistente má-fé, de igual sorte como ocorre com a parte autora, por força da aplicação do art. 18 da Lei n. 7.347/1985".

• Ao analisar-se o inteiro teor do voto, é possível aferir que a União, embargante, pretendia que prevalecesse o entendimento no sentido de que seria cabível a condenação em honorários advocatícios, em ação civil pública, sendo isento de tal verba apenas o autor, salvo quando atuasse de má-fé. Assim, a União pretendia a reforma do acórdão embargado, para condenar o vencido ao pagamento de honorários advocatícios em seu favor.

• Para solucionar o caso em apreço, o argumento de acesso à justiça se afigura de primaz importância. Isso porque a legitimação da justiça está subordinada ao efetivo poder de o indivíduo dela se avizinhar. Dessa maneira, para se atingir a efetiva composição dos litígios, faz-se mister permitir o acesso, sem embaraço, ao Poder Judiciário. Exprime-se, nesse sentido, a noção de acesso à justiça.

• Nessa linha de intelecção, é imperioso ressaltar que o entendimento proclamado no EAREsp 962.250/SP não se aplica às ações civis públicas propostas por associações e fundações privadas, pois, do contrário, barrado estaria, de fato, um dos objetivos mais nobres e festejados da Lei n. 7.347/1985, qual seja viabilizar e ampliar o acesso à justiça para a sociedade civil organizada.

O legitimado a instaurar o Inquérito Civil é o Ministério Público.