- Sep 2024
-
github.com github.com
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简述DHCP的流程? 新节点通过DHCP获取地址信息的主要流程有如下四个过程: 1、寻找DHCP Server 客户机第一次登录网络的时,向网络上发出一个DHCPDISCOVER广播(包中包含客户机的MAC地址和计算机名等信息)。其源地址为0.0.0.0,目标地址为255.255.255.255。 2、提供IP地址租用 服务端监听到客户机发出的DHCP discover广播后,从剩余地址池中选择最前面的空置IP,连同其它TCP/IP设定,通过广播方式响应给客户端一个DHCP OFFER数据包(包中包含IP地址、子网掩码、地址租期等信息)。源IP地址为DHCP Server的IP地址,目标地址为255.255.255.255。同时,DHCP Server为此客户保留它提供的IP地址,从而不会为其他DHCP客户分配此IP地址。 3、接受IP租约 客户机挑选最先响应的DHCP OFFER(一般是最先到达的那个),同时向网络广播DHCP REQUEST数据包(包中包含客户端的MAC地址、接受的租约中的IP地址、提供此租约的DHCP服务器地址等),声明将接受某一台服务器提供的IP地址。此时,由于还没有得到DHCP Server的最后确认,客户端仍然使用0.0.0.0为源IP地址,255.255.255.255为目标地址进行广播。 4、租约确认 服务端接收到客户端的DHCP REQUEST之后,会广播返回给客户机一个DHCP ACK消息包,表明已经接受客户机的选择,并将这一IP地址的合法租用以及其他的配置信息都放入该广播包发给客户机。 客户机在接收到DHCP ACK广播后,会向网络发送三个针对此IP地址的ARP解析请求以执行冲突检测,查询网络上有没有其它机器使用该IP地址;如果发现该IP地址已经被使用,客户机会发出一个DHCP DECLINE数据包给DHCP Server,拒绝此IP地址租约,并重新发送DHCP discover信息。此时,在DHCP服务器管理控制台中,会显示此IP地址为BAD_ADDRESS。 如果网络上没有其它主机使用此IP地址,则客户机的TCP/IP使用租约中提供的IP地址完成初始化,从而可以和其他网络中的主机进行通讯。
客户机(0.0.0.0为源IP地址,255.255.255.255为目标地址)寻找ip,服务端提供ip,客户机确认租约,服务端确认后发送详细信息,客户端arp解析测试。测试成功则同意,失败则拒绝。
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简述FTP两种登录方式以及两种传输模式? FTP有两种登录方式:匿名登录和授权登录。 使用匿名登录时,用户名为:anonymous,密码为:任何合法email地址;使用授权登录时,用户名为用户在远程FTP系统中的用户帐号,密码为用户在远程系统中的用户密码。 区别:使用匿名登录只能访问FTP目录下的资源,默认配置下只能下载;而授权登录访问的权限大于匿名登录,且上载、下载均可。
ftp 匿名登录:anonymous 只能下载 授权登录: ftp的用户账号密码
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简述FTP主要的工作模式? FTP工作模式是以服务端角度来区分,有主动模式和被动模式。
主动模式,服务端固定端口20、21.客户端大于1024的随机端口 被动模式,客户端向服务端,服务端为随机端口
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简述Linux中常见的系统服务,其作用分别是? 常见的系统服务及其作用有: NTP/Chrony:用于时钟同步; DHCP:动态主机配置协议,用于自动分配主机地址,默认使用UDP 63端口; DNS:域名解析,运行在UDP协议之上,默认使用53端口; NFS:网络文件系统,依赖于RCP协议,其基本原则是“容许不同的客户端及服务端通过一组RPC分享相同的文件系统”,它是独立于操作系统,容许不同硬件及操作系统的系统共同进行文件的分享。 Postfix:邮件服务; rsync:远程数据备份服务。 VPN:虚拟专用网。
linux常见系统服务,NTP,DHCP,DNS,NFS,POSTFIX,RSYNC,VPN
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- May 2024
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askubuntu.com askubuntu.com
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On Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, I successfully used the following to disable suspend: sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target And this to re-enable it: sudo systemctl unmask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target
Re-enable
sudo systemctl unmask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target
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lists.debian.org lists.debian.org
- Apr 2024
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knowledge.sakura.ad.jp knowledge.sakura.ad.jp
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良記事
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- Mar 2024
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kodekloud.com kodekloud.com
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sudo chsh -s /bin/sh bob
这条命令用于更改用户的默认shell。具体来说,
sudo chsh -s /bin/sh bob
将用户bob
的默认shell更改为/bin/sh
。在这里,chsh
是用于更改shell的命令,-s
选项表示要更改shell,/bin/sh
是要更改为的shell,bob
是要更改的用户。通过这条命令,用户bob
将使用/bin/sh
作为其默认shell。 -
Bourne Shell(Bourne壳)是Unix操作系统下的一种命令行界面和脚本语言解释器。它由Stephen Bourne在贝尔实验室开发,最初发布于1979年,作为Version 7 Unix的一部分。Bourne Shell是许多后来的Unix Shell的前身,如Bash(Bourne Again SHell)和Ksh(Korn Shell)。它的标识符是
sh
。Bourne Shell引入了许多编程功能,如变量、控制流语句和函数,极大地增强了Unix系统的脚本编写和任务自动化能力。 -
User profile scripts,如
~/.zshrc
,是存储在用户主目录下的配置文件,用于自定义Shell的行为和环境。这些脚本文件在Shell启动时自动执行,允许用户配置环境变量、别名、函数、Shell选项和其他Shell启动时需要的设置。例如,
~/.zshrc
是Z Shell(zsh)的用户配置文件,仅在zsh启动时读取和执行。如果你使用Bash Shell,相应的配置文件是~/.bashrc
。这些脚本的作用包括但不限于:
- 环境变量配置:可以设置如
PATH
这样的环境变量,定义Shell查找可执行文件的目录。 - 别名设置:为常用命令定义简短的别名,提高命令行操作的效率。
- 函数定义:可以定义复杂的函数来执行特定的任务。
- Shell选项和行为:根据个人偏好调整Shell的行为,如设置命令历史的大小或自动更正命令。
- 自动执行命令:在Shell启动时自动执行特定的命令或脚本,如欢迎信息或自动启动程序。
通过定制这些配置文件,用户可以创建一个符合个人工作习惯和偏好的命令行环境。
- 环境变量配置:可以设置如
-
这条命令的作用是将
export MY_VARIABLE="example_value"
这个命令追加到~/.profile
文件的末尾。这意味着每当你登录或启动一个新的登录Shell时,MY_VARIABLE
这个环境变量就会被设置为example_value
。具体来说:
echo
命令用于输出其后面的字符串。'export MY_VARIABLE="example_value"'
是被输出的字符串,它是一个Shell命令,用于将MY_VARIABLE
这个环境变量导出并设置其值为example_value
。>>
操作符用于将左侧命令的输出追加到右侧指定的文件中。如果文件不存在,Shell会创建这个文件。~/.profile
是用户的个人初始化文件,用于登录时设置个人环境和启动程序。它通常在登录时被Shell自动执行。
这样做的效果是,每当你登录系统时,
MY_VARIABLE
这个环境变量就会自动被设置为example_value
,你可以在任何运行在这个Shell会话中的程序里访问它。
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kodekloud.com kodekloud.com
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Linux Kernel, Librarian Analogy
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hackaday.com hackaday.com
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- Feb 2024
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github.com github.com
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open in editor
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URL
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- Nov 2023
- Sep 2023
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github.com github.com
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linux-timemachine
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dataswamp.org dataswamp.org
- Aug 2023
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www.pewresearch.org www.pewresearch.org
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What won’t change is people’s tendency toward gossip, tribalism driven by gossip and the ability of anybody to inform anybody else about anything, including wrongly. The only places where news won’t skew fake will be localities in the natural world. That’s where the digital and the physical connect best. Also expect the internet to break into pieces, with the U.S., Europe and China becoming increasingly isolated by different value systems and governance approaches toward networks and what runs on them.
- for: progress trap, unintended consequence, unintended consequence - digital technology, quote, quote - progress trap, quote - Doc Searls
- quote
- What won’t change is people’s tendency toward gossip,
- tribalism driven by gossip and the ability of anybody to inform anybody else about anything,
- including wrongly.
- tribalism driven by gossip and the ability of anybody to inform anybody else about anything,
- The only places where news won’t skew fake will be localities in the natural world.
- That’s where the digital and the physical connect best.
- Also expect the internet to break into pieces, with
- the U.S.,
- Europe and
- China
- becoming increasingly isolated by different value systems and governance approaches toward
- networks and
- what runs on them.
- What won’t change is people’s tendency toward gossip,
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- Jul 2023
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blog.robertelder.org blog.robertelder.org
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What happened here is that the file 'somefile.txt' is encoded in UTF-16, but your terminal is (probably) by default set to use UTF-8. Printing the characters from the UTF-16 encoded text to the UTF-8 encoded terminal doesn't show an apparent problem since the UTF-16 null characters don't get represented on the terminal, but every other odd byte is just a regular ASCII character that looks identical to its UTF-8 encoding.
The reason why
grep Hello sometext.txt
may result nothing when the file containsHello World!
.In such a case, use
xxd sometext.txt
to check the file in hex, and then either: - use grep:grep -aP "H\x00e\x00l\x00l\x00o\x00" * sometext.txt
- or convert the file to into UTF-8:iconv -f UTF-16 -t UTF-8 sometext.txt > sometext-utf-8.txt
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gtfobins.github.io gtfobins.github.io
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gtfobins.github.io gtfobins.github.ioGTFOBins1
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- Jun 2023
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smallstep.com smallstep.com
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All of these values, including the precious contents of the private key file, can be seen via ps when these commands are running. ps finds them via /proc/<pid>/cmdline, which is globally readable for any process ID.
ps
can read some secrets passed via CLI, especially when using--arg
withjq
.Instead, use the
--rawfile
parameter as noted below this annotation.
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- Apr 2023
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blog.csdn.net blog.csdn.net
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chrome用的是server_proxy这个变量,而且是在启动时设置才生效。
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- Mar 2023
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marcospereira.me marcospereira.me
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ufw allow OpenSSH ufw allow "Nginx Full" once NGINX is installed. ufw enable
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- Feb 2023
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www.makeuseof.com www.makeuseof.com
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If you haven't seen it yet, check out the PinePhone Pro and its docking station. Much like the Steam Deck's docking station, it plugs the phone into a monitor, keyboard, and mouse to turn your phone into a PC.
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When Ubuntu was confronted with making Debian user friendly, the issue was speeding up software updates. Manjaro has the opposite issue with Arch and is handling it appropriately.
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cachyos.org cachyos.org
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unix.stackexchange.com unix.stackexchange.com
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B/ Mainline kernel offers many ways to increase desktop responsiveness without the need to patch or reconfig it. Many tweaks can be activated using the cfs-zen-tweaks you can download and just run but I would advise you just read the very simple code and learn how each of the tweaks impact. Don't hesitate to lower the priority of your cpu-bound processes (compilations, simulations...) and increase the priority of your interactive tasks thanks to the renice command and even change their scheduling policy using chrt Ultimately, you can always pin interrupts to dedicated cpus (setting desired values in /proc/irq/[irq_id]/smp_affinity) , having one in charge of the keyboard and the mouse, another one for the graphic adaptor a third one for the sound card and a fourth one housekeeping for all the possible remaining. Just plenty of solutions left opened without changing a byte in your distro-kernel.
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www.pendrivelinux.com www.pendrivelinux.com
- Jan 2023
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Points from the comments in support of using Mac
Reasons why macOS is better than Linux (see below)
-
Points from the comments in support of using Linux
Reasons why Linux is better than macOS (see below)
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pythonspeed.com pythonspeed.com
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on an Intel/AMD PC or Mac, docker pull will pull the linux/amd64 image. On a newer Mac using M1/M2/Silicon chips, docker pull will the pull the linux/arm64/v8 image.
Reason of all the M1 Docker issues
-
In order to meet its build-once-run-everywhere promise, Docker typically runs on Linux. Since macOS is not Linux, on macOS this is done by running a virtual machine in the background, and then the Docker images run inside the virtual machine. So whether you’re on a Mac, Linux, or Windows, typically you’ll be running linux Docker images.
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- Dec 2022
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pythonspeed.com pythonspeed.com
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For sufficiently simple cases, just running a few commands sequentially, with no subshells, conditional logic, or loops, set -euo pipefail is sufficient (and make sure you use shellcheck -o all).
Advice for when you can use shell scripts
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blog.csdn.net blog.csdn.net
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脚本学习_Linux_Sed命令_替换
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www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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如何清理Linux服务器磁盘空间?
-
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www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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systemd 为什么会有那么大的争议?
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www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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如何系统地学习Shell编程?
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www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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一个成熟的自动化运维系统具备什么功能?
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www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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如何学习 Linux 命令行,有哪些经验思路和方法?
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-
-
www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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如何更深入地学习 Linux?
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-
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www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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如何控制Linux清理cache机制?
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URL
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-
www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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求推荐好用的linux下管理面板?
-
-
www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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Linux 内核学习的经典书籍及途径?
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- Nov 2022
-
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First, if Jenkins runs as PID 1, then it's difficult to differentiate between process that were re-parented to Jenkins (which should be reaped), and processes that were spawned by Jenkins (which shouldn't, because there's other code that's already expecting to wait them).
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unix.stackexchange.com unix.stackexchange.com
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SIGTSTP is like SIGSTOP except that it can be caught and handled.
-
SIGSTOP and SIGKILL are two signals that cannot be caught and handled by a process.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The process group mechanism in most Unix-like operating systems can be used to help protect against accidental orphaning, where in coordination with the user's shell will try to terminate all the child processes with the "hangup" signal (SIGHUP), rather than letting them continue to run as orphans.
-
its jobs (internal representation of process groups)
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unix.stackexchange.com unix.stackexchange.com
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And get a list of characters in a font like this:
-
- Oct 2022
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www.freecodecamp.org www.freecodecamp.org
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The newer GPT standard is paired with UEFI BIOS systems
Can uefi deal with mbr table
-
Throughout the drive
-
and have either a black or blue-screen-of-death background color.
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The BIOS does things like configure the keyboard, mouse, and other hardware, set the system clock
todo
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support a GPT partition table and a UEFI BIOS.
todo
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very easy to ruin the MBR sector of the drive, making it impossible to boot up again. Then you'll either need to create a recovery USB drive with Windows or Linux and try to repair the MBR, or completely wipe the drive and reinstall the operating system
todo
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itsfoss.com itsfoss.com
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There are dedicated tools to verify checksum of files in Linux. You can also check hashes in the Nautilus file manager with nautilus-gtkhash extension.
todo
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docs.docker.com docs.docker.com
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Receiving a GPG error when running apt-get update? Your default umask may not be set correctly, causing the public key file for the repo to not be detected. Run the following command and then try to update your repo again: sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg.
todo The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 959FE34E90E51522 Err:14 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu vanessa Release <br /> 404 Not Found [IP: 52.222.144.45 443]
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Add Docker’s official GPG key: $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg Use the following command to set up the repository: $ echo \ "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \ $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
todo
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-
-
learn.microsoft.com learn.microsoft.com
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Used to explicitly set the container hostname. If you don't specify the hostname, it defaults to the container ID, which is a randomly generated system GUID.
todo
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Map a TCP port on the host environment (first value) with a TCP port in the container (second value). In this example, SQL Server is listening on TCP 1433 in the container and this container port is then exposed to TCP port 1433 on the host.
todo
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Specify a custom SQL Server collation, instead of the default SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS.
donot understand
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The SA_PASSWORD environment variable is deprecated. Please use MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD instead.
dont understand
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arthurchiao.github.io arthurchiao.github.io
- Sep 2022
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www.zdnet.com www.zdnet.com
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在 Linux Plumbers Conference 会议上,Linus Torvalds 接受采访谈论了工作、Rust 和 M2 MacBook Air 笔电。 Torvalds 称他不是工作狂,在参加会议前花了六天时间在荷属西印度群岛的 Bonaire 玩潜水。他说他一年又一年在内核上工作是因为他可以短时间离开放松下,他最筋疲力尽的时候通常是合并开始时,他专注于在合并开始第一周内完成大部分工作。Linux 内核社区真正的工作狂是稳定版内核维护者 Greg Kroah-Hartmann,他每周都不停的工作,Torvalds 猜测他大量使用自动化工具。新冠疫情对内核开发没有产生多少影响,因为包括 Torvalds 在内的主要维护者多年来都习惯在家中远程工作。他指出内核开发的一个变化是子系统维护者通常由团队而不是一个人组成,部分子系统维护者只有一个人,但已经相当罕见了。内核对 Rust 的支持可能需要更长的时间,一个原因是非标准的 Rust 扩展的处理,另一个更重要原因是 Rust 编译器还不稳定。Torvalds 外出旅行时使用一台 M2 MacBook Air 笔电,运行 Fedora Workstation 36,Fedora 还没有支持 ARM-64 M2 处理器的版本,Torvalds 自己动手让 Fedora 36 能运行在 M2 上,这个版本不完美,不支持 3D 图形,Chrome 也不支持,而 Torvalds 使用 Chrome 的密码管理器管理部分密码。
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github.com github.com
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About tmux
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gpg -d <yadm archive file> | tar tvf -
Decrypt yadm archive.
-
echo testing | gpg -e -r <recipient> | gpg
Encrypt yadm archive.
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- Aug 2022
-
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sudo usermod -aG sambashare $USER
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code.visualstudio.com code.visualstudio.com
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The custom title bar has been a success on Windows, but the customer response on Linux suggests otherwise. Based on feedback, we have decided to make this setting opt-in on Linux and leave the native title bar as the default. The custom title bar provides many benefits including great theming support and better accessibility through keyboard navigation and screen readers. Unfortunately, these benefits do not translate as well to the Linux platform. Linux has a variety of desktop environments and window managers that can make the VS Code theming look foreign to users.
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- Jul 2022
-
howto.philippkeller.com howto.philippkeller.com
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原来给 nginx 设置 SSL 这么简单。
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scribe.rip scribe.rip
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If your laptop is extremely old then I would recommend Puppy Linux.If your laptop isn’t very old but doesn’t perform very well I would recommend AntiX.If your laptop is a little old but still can’t handle Windows 7/10 very well I would recommend Lubuntu.
3 OS recommendations for old laptops: 1. Puppy Linux 2. AntiX 3. Lubuntu
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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So the correct command to use is findmnt, which is itself part of the util-linux package and, according to the manual: is able to search in /etc/fstab, /etc/mtab or /proc/self/mountinfo
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- Jun 2022
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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The main problem of the Linux community is that it is divided. I know this division represents freedom of choice but when your rivals are successful, you must inspect them carefully. And both rivals here (MacOS and Windows) get their power from the "less is more approach".This division in Linux communities make people turn into their communities when they have problems and never be heard as a big, unified voice.When something goes wrong with other OSes, people start complaining in many forums and support sites, some of them writing to multiple places and others support them by saying "yeah, I have that problem, too".In the Linux world, the answers to such forums come as "don't use that shitty distro" or "use that command and circumvent the problem".Long story short" average Linux user doesn't know that they are:still customers and have all the rights to demand from companiesthey can get together and act up louder.Imagine such an organizing that most of the Linux users manage to get together and writing to Netflix. Maybe not all of them use Netflix but the number of the Linux users are greater than Netflix members. What a domination it would be!But instead we turn into our communities and act like a survival tribe who has to solve all their problems themselves .
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Big Software companies like Adobe or Netflix do two things that are relevant for us and currently go wrong:They analyse the systems their customers use. They don't see their Linux users because we tend to either not use the product at all under Linux (just boot windows, just use a firertv stick and so one) or we use emulators or other tools that basically hide that we actually run Linux. --> The result is that they don't know how many we actually are. They think we are irrelevant because thats what the statistics tell them (they are completely driven by numbers).They analyze the feature requests and complains they get from their customers. The problem is: Linux users don't complain that much or try to request better linux support. We usually somehow work around the issues. --> The result is that these companies to neither get feature requests for better Linux support nor bug reports from linux users (cause its not expected to work anyways).
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unix.stackexchange.com unix.stackexchange.com
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Create .bash_profile in your home directory and add these lines: export SHELL=/bin/zsh exec /bin/zsh -l
Change user's default shell without root access.
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- May 2022
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developer.aliyun.com developer.aliyun.com
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查看内存信息1)使用free命令默认单位为K,可通过结合参数-b、-k、-m分别以单位B、K、M进行显示
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thepythoncorner.com thepythoncorner.com
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If you are on Linux, you can simply download it from GitHub but the most convenient way is to use the pyenv-installer that is a simple script that will install it automatically on your distro, whatever it is, in the easiest possible way.
Installing pyenv on Linux
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- Apr 2022
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linuxhint.com linuxhint.com
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How to Change Colors on LS in Bash
How to set LS_COLORS
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unix.stackexchange.com unix.stackexchange.com
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What worked for me was to use the following command to send the VT320 "unhide" command sequence:
unhide the cursor in terminal
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duncanlock.net duncanlock.net
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I sometimes wondered why the VS Code team put so much effort into the built-in terminal inside the editor. I tried it once on Linux and never touched it again, because the terminal window I had right next to my editor was just massively better in every way. Having used Windows terminals for a while, I now fully understand why it’s there.
VS Code terminal is not as efficient on Linux
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They just automate the process of going to the website, downloading an installer and then running it - which is slightly better than doing it yourself.
Windows package managers are unlike Linux ones
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Desktop Linux is often criticized for this, but Windows is much worse, somehow! It’s really inconsistent. Half of it is “new” UI and half of it is old Win32/GDI type UI - just as bad as KDE/GTK - except worse, because you can’t configure them to use the same theme. Also, when you install a Linux distribution, it’ll start off either all KDE or all GTK, or whatever - but with Windows you’re stuck with a random mix of both right from the start.
Windows is a mess...
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- Mar 2022
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usb-devices
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lsusb -t
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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level 1Fatal_Taco · 2 days ago · edited 2 days agoArch Linux, and likely most distros, are defined by these few things and are not limited to:The Linux Kernel, what type of config and modules it's been compiled with.The pre-packaged programs it comes with by default.The init.The package manager.The repositories it references.The slightly differing Linux Filesystem Hierarchy.The types of computers it runs on.
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www.sitepoint.com www.sitepoint.com
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15 Little-Known Unix Commands
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www.howtogeek.com www.howtogeek.com
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37 Important Linux Commands You Should Know
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sunyzero.tistory.com sunyzero.tistory.com
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리눅스 아재력 or 할배력 셀프 테스트
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www.networkworld.com www.networkworld.com
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The Linux command-line cheat sheet
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news.hada.io news.hada.io
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Linux Productivity Tools
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- Feb 2022
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LXC, is a serious contender to virtual machines. So, if you are developing a Linux application or working with servers, and need a real Linux environment, LXC should be your go-to. Docker is a complete solution to distribute applications and is particularly loved by developers. Docker solved the local developer configuration tantrum and became a key component in the CI/CD pipeline because it provides isolation between the workload and reproducible environment.
LXC vs Docker
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== and != for string comparison -eq, -ne, -gt, -lt, -le -ge for numerical comparison
Comparison syntax in Bash
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> will overwrite the current contents of the file, if the file already exists. If you want to append lines instead, use >>
> - overwrites text
>> - appends text
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The syntax for “redirecting” some output to stderr is >&2. > means “pipe stdout into” whatever is on the right, which could be a file, etc., and &2 is a reference to “file descriptor #2” which is stderr.
Using stderr. On the other hand, >&1 is for stdout
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single quotes, which don’t expand variables
In Bash, double quotes ("") expand variables, whereas single quotes ('') don't
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This only works if you happen to have Bash installed at /bin/bash. Depending on the operating system and distribution of the person running your script, that might not necessarily be true! It’s better to use env, a program that finds an executable on the user’s PATH and runs it.
Shebang tip: instead of ```
!/bin/bash
use
!/usr/bin/env bash
alternatively, you can replace `bash` with `python`, `ruby`, etc. and later chmod it and run it:
$ chmod +x my-script.sh $ ./my-script.sh ```
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- Jan 2022
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guix.gnu.org guix.gnu.org
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uix includes package definitions for many GNU and non-GNU packages, all of which respect the user’s computing freedom. It is extensible: users can write their own package definitions (see Defining Packages) and make them available as independent package modules (see Package Modules). It is also customizable: users can derive specialized package definitions from existing ones, including from the command line (see Package Transformation Options).
O sea que esta es la solución a mi inconformidad con los instaladores de arch linux: un montón de software que no uso instalado como dependencias.
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askubuntu.com askubuntu.com
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snap list --all and remove with snap remove --revision XXX gnome-3-26-1604
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vitux.com vitux.com
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All operating systems with network support have a hosts file to translate hostnames to IP addresses. Whenever you open a website by typing its hostname, your system will read through the hosts file to check for the corresponding IP and then open it. The hosts file is a simple text file located in the etc folder on Linux and Mac OS (/etc/hosts). Windows has a hosts file as well, on Windows you can find it in Windows\System32\drivers\etc\if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-vitux_com-box-3-0')};
El archivo host traduce el hostnames a direcciones IP. Cuando abrimos un sitio tipeando su URL en un navegador nuestro hostfile la IP correspondiente para abrirla.
- En su primera parte el hostfile contiene nombres e IP de nuestra máquina local.
- En su segunda parte se encuentra información sobre los host capaces de usar el protocolo IPV6 y difícilmente es editada por el usuario.
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linux.die.net linux.die.net
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-xcf cursorfile cursorsize This lets you change the pointer cursor to one loaded from an Xcursor file as defined by libXcursor, at the specified size.
Esta es la opción que debo usar con el comando "xcursor" para configurar la forma y tamaño del cursor en X.
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shkspr.mobi shkspr.mobi
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This runs a loop 555 times. Takes a screenshot, names it for the loop number with padded zeros, taps the bottom right of the screen, then waits for a second to ensure the page has refreshed. Slow and dull, but works reliably.
Simple bash script to use via ADB to automatically scan pages:
#!/bin/bash for i in {00001..00555}; do adb exec-out screencap -p > $i.png adb shell input tap 1000 2000 sleep 1s done echo All done
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- Dec 2021
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www.cyberciti.biz www.cyberciti.biz
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:w !sudo tee %
Save a file in Vim / Vi without root permission with sudo
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- Nov 2021
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linuxjourney.com linuxjourney.com
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special permission bit at the end here t, this means everyone can add files, write files, modify files in the /tmp directory, but only root can delete the /tmp directory
t permission bit
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github.com github.com
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kpartx /path/to/chromeos.img
On May kubuntu 21.04 did not work
Have to use kpartx -av /path/to/chromeos.img
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github.com github.com
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I find some of XDG's default dirs, especially ~/.local/share/whatever, to be very annoying. (Almost as annoying as having ~/snap polluting my home dir, but for a different reason.) I shouldn't have to type such long paths or navigate three folders deep in order to access my data files. I therefore make use of the XDG_DATA_HOME environment variable for XDG-style programs, so they will put my files somewhere convenient. However, I don't think Snap can honor that variable, because AppArmor rules require fixed paths. Given 1 & 2, I think ~/.snap/data is a sensible compromise, at least until the underlying components are flexible enough to let the user choose.
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syncthing.net syncthing.net
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FOSS tool to sync files across devices (incl. android).
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- Oct 2021
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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$@ is all of the parameters passed to the script. For instance, if you call ./someScript.sh foo bar then $@ will be equal to foo bar.
Meaning of $@ in Bash
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bbs.archlinux.org bbs.archlinux.org
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The solution is absolutely straightforward and posting it *will* be embarrassing.
Christmas 2016 & user seth, with 24k posts currently, is a total dipstick asshole for someone asking a very basic reasonable question & sticks to being an insulting tart for 6 posts.
This is now one of the top answers online. There is still no oneliner to change your default route metrics.
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linux.vbird.org linux.vbird.org
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管線命令僅會處理 standard output,對於 standard error output 會予以忽略 管線命令必須要能夠接受來自前一個指令的資料成為 standard input 繼續處理才行。
也就是使用 | 的命令
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access.redhat.com access.redhat.com
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x-systemd-automount
should be "x-systemd.automount"
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- Sep 2021
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www.linuxquestions.org www.linuxquestions.org
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I find it much simpler to use a partition label with LABEL=.... It is shorter, easier to remember, and also has the advantage that should the partition go bad and need to be replaced you can create a new partition, give it the same label provided the old partition is either removed or at least changed to be unlabelled and fstab will never know the difference.
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ubuntuforums.org ubuntuforums.org
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sudo apt-get autoclean sudo apt-get autoremove sudo apt-get clean sudo apt update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade --fix-missing sudo apt-get dist-upgrade --fix-broken sudo apt full-upgrade sudo apt -f install dpkg --configure -a
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askubuntu.com askubuntu.com
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The best practice is this: #!/usr/bin/env bash #!/usr/bin/env sh #!/usr/bin/env python
The best shebang convention:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
.However, at the same time it might a security risk if the $PATH to bash points to some malware. Maybe then it's better to point directly to it with
#!/bin/bash
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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Here's my bash boilerplate with some sane options explained in the comments
Clearly explained use of the typical bash script commands:
set -euxo pipefail
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- Aug 2021
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bash-prompt.net bash-prompt.net
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set -euo pipefail
One simple line to improve security of bash scripts:
-e
- Exit immediately if any command fails.-u
- Exit if an unset variable is invoked.-o pipefail
- Exit if a command in a piped series of commands fails.
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localhost:3000 localhost:3000
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AUR
The AUR is a well-known user repository for Arch projects! This is a test note.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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How to Install MX Linux in VirtualBox on Windows 10
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man.archlinux.org man.archlinux.org
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linux 文件系统结构
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CBL-Mariner is an internal Linux distribution for Microsoft’s cloud infrastructure and edge products and services.
CBL-Mariner <--- Microsoft's Linux distribution
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- Jul 2021
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All platforms. Professional features. Beautiful UI. Totally free. FontBase is the font manager of the new generation, built by designers, for designers.
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- Jun 2021
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hansdegoede.livejournal.com hansdegoede.livejournal.com
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GRUB hidden menu change FAQ
details about grub menu hidden and how to enable, access, etc
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systemd.io systemd.io
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The Discoverable Partitions Specification
To read this article
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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There is one very important reason for enabling job control to be useful inside scripts: the side-effect it has of placing background processes in their own process groups. This makes it much, much easier to send signels to them and their children with one simple command: kill -<signal> -$pgid. All other ways of dealing with signaling entire trees of processes either involve elaborate (sometimes even recursive) functions, which are often bugnests, or risk killing the parent in the process (no pun intended).
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yellowrabbit.gitlab.io yellowrabbit.gitlab.io
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Arteck HB030 Keyboard and Normal Escape
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smallstep.com smallstep.com
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The alternative for curl is a credential file: A .netrc file can be used to store credentials for servers you need to connect to.And for mysql, you can create option files: a .my.cnf or an obfuscated .mylogin.cnf will be read on startup and can contain your passwords.
- .netrc <--- alternative for curl to store secrets
- .my.cnf or .mylogin.cnf <--- option files for mysql to store secrets
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