Dickens does a extremely good job of portraying the "figures" that are in the boat. He explains with little details and the reader can almost picture the man and the woman on the boat.

John Watson belegte in Versuchen mit Neugeborenen, das universelle Reize bestimmte Emotionen hervorrufen, die aufgrund der limitierten Fähigkeiten der Säuglinge nicht kognitiv begründet sein können

Litearlly!!! This is so demeaning, it gets to your head and you think hmm maybe I shouldn't act this way or say something!

A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication.

The monkey would compulsively rotate both faces 180 degrees so that it viewed only a round, smooth face. monkey showed no sign of fear or anxiety, but it showed unlimited persistence. Monkey improved its technique, compulsively removing the heads and rolling them into its cage as fast as they were returned. These observations suggest the need for a series of ethological-type researches on the two-faced female.

"we" are experiencing a really terrible headache, and author explained how the headache feels like

Another reference of the fantasy creatures making the author's head spin. As the number of mancuspias increases, the author's madness increases.

The author is symbolically describing his headaches in comparison to taking care of these fantasy creatures. In this quote, you can tell that he is describing the headache because he explains that he experiences head rushes and sudden spinning.

The vertigo and sickness are so bad they cannot get good sleep

His views/ difference. key point

N-TITLE/N-COUNT Chancellor is the title of the head of government in Germany and Austria. (德国、奥地利) 总理

This is a wrong idea about God and heaven. Suicide is not a way to prove belief in heaven, it is ultimately a selfish endeavor that seeks to take your life despite the damage you leave behind.

Dr. being referred to a vulture that could be basically flattered into a red rooster places the doctor into a negative connotation that implies both something both dangerous and to a degree easily deceived

THIS SENTENCE MAKE ME IMAGINE IN MY HEAD INTO THE CINEMATIC DRAMA SCENE. ( LIKE INTERSTELLAR AT THE ENDING SCENE.)

Be sure listen and take measures that will ensure that you aren't getting yourself in over your head.

Including a sentiment like "The 1960s saw a continuation of cooperative federalism through plenty of acts and programs pushed in this time period including Medicaid and the Voting Rights Act, to name a few."

The use of the word "numbers" is interesting because it creates an interesting parallel between words and years that pass by. The creation of a language is something that cannot ripe at once. And so someone's understanding of language, and therefore life, has to take a long time too. I love how disorienting or ill-fitting the word "numbers" seemed to me because it made me spend time reworking the sentence in my head and making it more memorable. I think it's important for language not to flow too smoothly.

It seems that the ability to hear is maybe a theme of the story. Since in the beginning the narrator mentions his keen ability to hear, and then the old man hears the narrator entering his room on the night he's killed, and finally in the last part the narrator seems to hear a noise in his head. The noise seems to be a sign of guilt, once the initial thrill from the kill and believing he will get away with it pass, his ears realize what he has done and essentially forces him to admit it. The guilt he felt subconsciously was so overpowering that his brain seemed to use his good hearing as a way of forcing him to admit what he did.

Again, this default is ableist.

AQ:1 Please check whether the hierarchy of the section head levels is correct throughout the article.

ML: Seems like the font for the “big” section such as the intro should be bigger than the subsections.

United States therefore owns the land even though it's the Native Americans' allotments. Gives a false sense that Native Americans have freedom, meanwhile it holds ownership over their head and restricts their freedom to the land.

This is great to go along with .Josh Spector how to outline a blog post

How our experiences color our memories and what and how much we remember. There's a filter on memories. A lens. What someone remembers, even immediately after the event, is not necessarily to be trusted. Because they could be remembering only portion of it. Or giving it their own color and thus distorting the reality. With that said, there is not one common shared reality. All the reality is being seen through filters of the people present. It makes sense to have three oracles instead of one like in the Tom cruise movie.

Reviewer #3:

Jacob and colleagues developed a new experimental "facility" or environment for training macaque monkeys to perform behavioral tasks. Using this facility, the authors trained freely moving macaques to perform a visual "same-different" task using operant conditioning, and under voluntary head restraint. The authors demonstrate that they could obtain reliable eye-tracking data and high performance accuracy from macaques in this facility. They also noted that subordinate macaques can learn to perform basic aspects of the task by observing their dominant conspecifics perform the task in this facility. The authors conclude that this naturalistic environment can facilitate the study of brain activity during natural and controlled behavioral tasks.

The manuscript is doubtless a hard-fought effort. The new experimental platform introduced by the authors has the capacity to transform how researchers approach the behavioral training of monkeys for some (but not all) tasks. However, in my opinion, the manuscript would have significantly broader impact and appeal if the authors had succeeded in performing wireless neural recordings in this same environment. Without these proof-of-principle neural data, the scope of this manuscript seems more limited. If the authors can obtain these neural data, the manuscript would be substantially stronger.

There are a few other concerns related to methodology and interpretation that should be addressed.

Major comments:

1) In the abstract, the authors state that macaques are widely used to study the neural basis of cognition - but in fact these animals are a valuable model organism for studying many other aspects of brain function beyond cognition. The authors seem to be missing an opportunity to highlight the broad impact of their work.

2) A gaze window of 3 degrees is rather large for most visual-based experiments. Do the authors think that it would be possible to train animals to maintain tighter fixation windows? And have they tried to do so?

3) Are these animals water deprived before entering the experimental environment? And how long do the animals typically work in this environment? For how many hours, and for how much fluid?

4) How did the authors ensure that the macaques do not fight inside the facility? Are the animals continuously housed in this facility or are they moved into this facility only during testing?

5) Line 227: the authors state the following: "Remarkably, M2 learned the task much faster using social observation and learning than M1 & M3 did using the TAT paradigm". How do the authors rule out the possibility that M2 is simply a "smarter" animal?

6) Line 354-364: the authors describe their insights about how animals may learn to perform the task in two phases. How can the authors make these strong claims based on data from N=1 macaque?

Reviewer #1:

I'm quite enthusiastic about the care the authors have taken in designing this cutting edge hybrid environment, and the effort they've gone through to describe it in detail. I believe that this endeavor has great merit, and that seeing the advancements in animal welfare and experimentation should be of interest to the general reader. However, at present, the stated interpretations are not fully justified by the results, and this must be addressed.

The manuscript should be amended and updated in one of two possible ways: the interpretations of the scientific result here should be tamped down significantly, or additional evidence should be presented for some of the claims in the originally submitted manuscript. I am confident that the authors should be able to carry out either of these to a satisfying degreen.

Major issues:

1) Throughout the manuscript, stating that the third monkey learned the task "merely by observing two other trained monkeys" is misleading. The naive monkey may have learned very important details about the cognitive testing set-up from observation. But the third monkey learned the task of a unique behavioural shaping paradigm that included -but was not limited to- watching trained monkeys. The authors trained the third monkey on the cognitive task in the absence of the other monkeys, and do not show that the third monkey learned the specific cognitive task from watching other monkeys. Over-interpreting the anecdotal observations here hinders obfuscates what is novel and notable in this manuscript.

2) The authors repeatedly state that the third monkey learned the task faster than the previous two monkeys. It is quite difficult to parse exactly what the authors mean by this, and exactly what the data is that supports that claim.

The authors go on to state that M2 learned the "task structure" faster than M1/M3. However, "task structure" is not defined, so it is difficult for a reader to know precisely what was learned faster under social observation. Furthermore, the data showing that M2 learned the task structure faster than M1/M3 is not clear, and it is not known how M1/M3 learned the task structure in isolation. Description of which training steps may be aided by observation of trained monkeys must be clarified. The authors allowed M2 to observe M1 and M3 during initial familiarization of the experimental set-up, but it seems that observation may not have aided M2 in learning the complex same-different task at all.

Even though M2 may have learned the task structure faster than M1/M3, these observations are anecdotal and should not be over-interpreted. If there is a clear difference in the time to learn basic task structure, it may be due to social observation, but the authors should not favor that interpretation without considering alternatives as well. E.g., monkeys have widely varying personalities (see e.g. Capitanio 1999, Am J Primatology), and this has important implications for the curiosity, exploration behavior, and likelihood to accept and complete new challenges in training. To what extent could the differences in learning rate also be explained by these differences across these 3 monkeys? To what extent does the different training regimen in the task explain differences in learning rate across monkeys (e.g. M2 got two days of repeating correction trials, which significantly alters learning rates)?

3) There is a vast literature in ethological settings where the gaze of nonhuman primates has been tracked using noninvasive methods that the authors do not acknowledge. Instead, authors state that most infrared eye trackers require head restraint (line 32), though this is demonstrably not the case. For review, see Hopper et al. 2020, Behav Res Methods.

4) Some important details for introducing monkeys to the testing apparatus during Tailored Automated Training should be described. For example, were animals water-restricted, or on any sort of fluid restriction when TAT began? How did the authors entice the animals to initially explore the testing apparatus?

Summary: This manuscript describes a new experimental environment for training macaque monkeys to perform behavioral tasks. Using this facility, the authors trained freely moving macaques to perform a visual "same-different" task using operant conditioning, and under voluntary head restraint. The authors demonstrate that they could obtain reliable eye-tracking data and high-performance accuracy from macaques in this facility. They also noted that subordinate macaques can learn to perform basic aspects of the task by observing their dominant conspecifics perform the task in this facility. The authors conclude that this naturalistic environment can facilitate the study of brain activity during natural and controlled behavioral tasks.

The manuscript is broadly organized along three distinct lines of inquiry. First, the authors describe a customized living space for a small group of macaque monkeys. Second, the authors train two of these monkeys to perform a cognitive task in a purpose-built room of the living enclosure. Third, the authors describe their experience training a third monkey to complete the cognitive task.

really fascinating stuff, most of which blew right over my head, but the premise is still ever meaningful

This line, associated with Reagan, is from a sermon by John Winthrop, a Puritan immigrant who was primarily interested in establishing a theocracy. It is emblematic of the idea of "American Exceptionalism", which you are about to be beat over the head with. See further https://www.neh.gov/article/how-america-became-city-upon-hill#:~:text=That%201630%20sermon%20by%20John,center%20of%20his%20political%20career.

In countries like Turkey, people have become accustomed to coups.

uuuughhhh what?

expressing the passion of the heart through the creative abilities of the head / brain

Or, more generally, \(p=\rho g z\) with \(z\) being the vertical coordinate over one’s head toward the zenith

The framework of what Katz believes are the three skills of leadership still hold up today. I am a firm believer that a leader must have technical, interpersonal, and conceptual skills. In order to perform well in something a person must be able to manipulate the task at hand and that is where technical skills come in to play. Having a cashier that does not know how to count money will eventually be detrimental for a company, but maybe they are able to perform elsewhere more affectively. As a leader, you can anticipate being a resource, so you should expect individuals to ask for guidance in performing task that they are unsure with or have never done. If you are unsure how to do it, finding out is expected. Conceptual skills help new ideas arise as well as repair others that may no longer be affective. Without conceptual skills an organization becomes complacence which leads to errors and an unwillingness to learn new things. Lastly, a leader must have good interpersonal skills. Not everyone learns or operates the same, so adapting personally to individuals allows for a more unified and successful work environment. However, I do disagree with the skill set within levels of management. The floor manager along with the director, and or the head of the organization should all possess these skills. Although it may exhibit a bit differently in each and become more apparent during certain situations. The biggest miss conception is that a leader at a certain level does not have to get their hands dirty or no longer has to perform “technical skills”. Due to this behavior this causes employees to feel a disconnect with their fellow leaders because they are now making policies from a business standpoint and no longer for the good of their staff. A great leader from all levels should ensure that their technical skills are current, it shows a sense of “togetherness” with employees. A manager at a low level should also hold conceptual skills because this would be able to help them solve opportunities that may arise using unique ideas and different strategies. Mangers unable to use conceptual skills at this level would always be looking to upper management for solution, in return putting a delay in the ability to solve floor problems in a timely manner.

Enjambment (run off sentence)

Elli and her mother found Armin and placed a rag onto his head to hide him among them as a woman before they were ordered back on the train. The next day, the train was attacked by the Allies once again. Machine guns shot through the walls of the train car wounding many of the prisoners, including Armin.

It is ironic, Sam talking about hitting a woman for merely messing up takes the fun out of ballroom dancing rather than saying that it is immoral to hit someone for merely messing up. Domestic violence against women seems to be widespread and the women (who I presume are black) are not thought of as humans, just tools.

Hally seems to always misplace his anger onto the people he wants to keep close, such as Sam, here he realizes his anger is misplaced.

Sam had always tried to save the boy and bring him to salvation, seeing how Hally has always been missing a father figure and that his father is just a sad man. Wanting to save Hally from reality, he flies the kite with the boy. And now he has failed to save the boy, because Hally hates his father and is acting out.

Characterization Hally starts to explain to Sam that he did have some good moments with his dad and they were fake or anything he did make him laugh and Sam told Hally he should apologize to what he did to his dad and Willie before they head out but he didn’t listen Hally then spits in Sam face because of what happened between them and this is when things begin to get outta hand with Willie trying to clam down Sam because of what he did and Sam was gonna hit hally

I’m not sure but the Kite could be a symbol for something that maybe Hally likes to do something that others would make fun of her for doing. This kite has a deeper meaning.

Characterization it’s seems as if Sam has been to jail in the past and reveals it to Hally and also gave him little summary of what they did in jail

One of the main reasons she doesn't want to go to practice she feels like she may get beaten again if she messes up

Hally explains his childhood memory that he loved and will never forget he sees the person who made the kite as a father figure and he didn’t care about the other children making fun of kite because the type of material it was made outta it he still appreciated it

The Ballad of Reading Gaol BY OSCAR WILDE I He did not wear his scarlet coat, For blood and wine are red, And blood and wine were on his hands When they found him with the dead, The poor dead woman whom he loved, And murdered in her bed.

He walked amongst the Trial Men In a suit of shabby gray; A cricket cap was on his head, And his step seemed light and gay; But I never saw a man who looked So wistfully at the day.

I never saw a man who looked With such a wistful eye Upon that little tent of blue Which prisoners call the sky, And at every drifting cloud that went With sails of silver by.

I walked, with other souls in pain, Within another ring, And was wondering if the man had done A great or little thing, When a voice behind me whispered low, "That fellow's got to swing."

Dear Christ! the very prison walls Suddenly seemed to reel, And the sky above my head became Like a casque of scorching steel; And, though I was a soul in pain, My pain I could not feel.

I only knew what hunted thought Quickened his step, and why He looked upon the garish day With such a wistful eye; The man had killed the thing he loved, And so he had to die.

Yet each man kills the thing he loves, By each let this be heard, Some do it with a bitter look, Some with a flattering word, The coward does it with a kiss, The brave man with a sword!

From (https://texags.com/forums/16/topics/3175273/replies/58488734):

On Doug Sweet's first trip to the U.S. Capitol, as a 13-year-old in 1975, he tilted his head back, gazed up at the glistening white dome and thought it was the most awesome thing he had ever seen. On his second trip to the Capitol, he joined a mob of Trump supporters who smashed their way into the seat of the U.S. Congress, and finished his visit handcuffed facedown on the floor. The 45-year journey between those two visits was marked by bright idealism and belief in dark conspiracies, by a solitary existence and a newfound fraternity with those convinced there is no way Joe Biden beat Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election.

The mob that stormed the Capitol last Wednesday was a combustible stew of QAnon conspiracy theorists, armed rampagers and extremist personalities, as well as more ordinary Trump loyalists determined to fulfill the president's desire to persuade or intimidate lawmakers into undoing his election loss. Among those who have been arrested are a leader of the far-right Proud Boys for his alleged role in the siege, and an online provocateur and white nationalist who before the attack warned of rioting if the results weren't overturned who live-streamed from inside House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's office.

Mr. Sweet and a friend, Cindy Fitchett of Mathews, Va., first visited the Ellipse, where President Donald Trump told his supporters that the election had been stolen and that he planned to walk with them along Pennsylvania Avenue to take their anger to the Capitol.

"We fight like hell," the president said. "And if you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore."

People waving Trump flags and wearing MAGA hats were swarming the bleachers erected for Mr. Biden's inauguration. They were scrambling up the walls. Rioters had overrun Capitol Police and forced their way into the building. Mr. Sweet could hear the thuds and see the smoke from flash-bang grenades going off inside. He says he hesitated. He says he felt the need to go inside to share his views with Congress but wanted to consult God first. He prayed aloud: "Lord, is this the right thing to do? Is this what I need to do?" He says he felt God's hand on his back, pushing him forward.

"I checked with the Lord," he says. "I checked with Him three times. I never heard a 'No.'"

They walked in and, he says, found themselves in a whirlwind of broken glass and debris. He says he was shocked; the event on the Ellipse had been all picnic blankets and puppy dogs. This was an orgy of destruction.

Robyn Sweet, now 35 and the operator of a group home for disabled adults, says she has been saddened and puzzled to see her father's views grow more extreme. She says she loves him and still sees his good qualities, calling him "charismatic, lovable and funny outside of all this." Yet she says he has become someone she doesn't quite recognize.

"I don't know this person anymore," she says. "It's almost like a lot of these middle-aged white men are afraid, I'm not really quite sure of what, but it's like they're paranoid...It's mass hysteria." She says their relationship has become increasingly strained "because it just seems so crazy some of the stuff he would talk about."

Ms. Sweet marched in support of Black Lives Matter in June after the killing of George Floyd in police custody, and started a Facebook page to highlight bigotry. She says her father supported her exercise of her constitutional right to free speech, but some people "in his camp" began accusing her of "being antifa," a loose collection of sometimes-violent left-wing activists. "She's caught up in the idea that BLM goes into cities and helps Black children," Mr. Sweet says with a wheezy laugh. "I wish they did. I would get behind that," he says. "She's really hard to the left," Mr. Sweet says of his daughter. "I'm really hard to the right. We're polar opposites. But I love her."

https://www.wsj.com/articles/one-trump-fans-descent-into-the-u-s-capitol-mob-11610311660

From (https://texags.com/forums/16/topics/3175273/replies/58488734):

On Doug Sweet's first trip to the U.S. Capitol, as a 13-year-old in 1975, he tilted his head back, gazed up at the glistening white dome and thought it was the most awesome thing he had ever seen. On his second trip to the Capitol, he joined a mob of Trump supporters who smashed their way into the seat of the U.S. Congress, and finished his visit handcuffed facedown on the floor. The 45-year journey between those two visits was marked by bright idealism and belief in dark conspiracies, by a solitary existence and a newfound fraternity with those convinced there is no way Joe Biden beat Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election.

The mob that stormed the Capitol last Wednesday was a combustible stew of QAnon conspiracy theorists, armed rampagers and extremist personalities, as well as more ordinary Trump loyalists determined to fulfill the president's desire to persuade or intimidate lawmakers into undoing his election loss. Among those who have been arrested are a leader of the far-right Proud Boys for his alleged role in the siege, and an online provocateur and white nationalist who before the attack warned of rioting if the results weren't overturned who live-streamed from inside House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's office.

Mr. Sweet and a friend, Cindy Fitchett of Mathews, Va., first visited the Ellipse, where President Donald Trump told his supporters that the election had been stolen and that he planned to walk with them along Pennsylvania Avenue to take their anger to the Capitol.

"We fight like hell," the president said. "And if you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore."

People waving Trump flags and wearing MAGA hats were swarming the bleachers erected for Mr. Biden's inauguration. They were scrambling up the walls. Rioters had overrun Capitol Police and forced their way into the building. Mr. Sweet could hear the thuds and see the smoke from flash-bang grenades going off inside. He says he hesitated. He says he felt the need to go inside to share his views with Congress but wanted to consult God first. He prayed aloud: "Lord, is this the right thing to do? Is this what I need to do?" He says he felt God's hand on his back, pushing him forward.

"I checked with the Lord," he says. "I checked with Him three times. I never heard a 'No.'"

They walked in and, he says, found themselves in a whirlwind of broken glass and debris. He says he was shocked; the event on the Ellipse had been all picnic blankets and puppy dogs. This was an orgy of destruction.

Robyn Sweet, now 35 and the operator of a group home for disabled adults, says she has been saddened and puzzled to see her father's views grow more extreme. She says she loves him and still sees his good qualities, calling him "charismatic, lovable and funny outside of all this." Yet she says he has become someone she doesn't quite recognize.

"I don't know this person anymore," she says. "It's almost like a lot of these middle-aged white men are afraid, I'm not really quite sure of what, but it's like they're paranoid...It's mass hysteria." She says their relationship has become increasingly strained "because it just seems so crazy some of the stuff he would talk about."

Ms. Sweet marched in support of Black Lives Matter in June after the killing of George Floyd in police custody, and started a Facebook page to highlight bigotry. She says her father supported her exercise of her constitutional right to free speech, but some people "in his camp" began accusing her of "being antifa," a loose collection of sometimes-violent left-wing activists. "She's caught up in the idea that BLM goes into cities and helps Black children," Mr. Sweet says with a wheezy laugh. "I wish they did. I would get behind that," he says. "She's really hard to the left," Mr. Sweet says of his daughter. "I'm really hard to the right. We're polar opposites. But I love her."

https://www.wsj.com/articles/one-trump-fans-descent-into-the-u-s-capitol-mob-11610311660

Awww

ouhhhh no

Indicative of a very harsh, oppressive society

Dang, I was not expecting that

People who are in positions of power definitely get the worst rep in situations like these - but it is not fair that unreliable theories were being spread by our president. However, could it be true? Some conspiracy theories have been proven as we read in a previous article. So it is always something to consider. I will not turn my head to reliable sources.

He seems like a "good old boy" or a "man's man"

Leviathan slouches left — and it is in its shadow that power lies

tactical head to head

Masterclass. Wow. What a fucking clown show. But of course we will never care to do anything about this...

I listen if it's interesting, but I just heard them speak and respond once in awhile/I think (in my head) why am I reading this/ I'm still

This stood out to me when reading because it really adds to Woolf's feelings towards societies treatment and view on women. The use of figurative language really represented the relationship between society and women as it brought to life how bad and negative it truly is.

[[John Scarne]]

[[John Scarne]]

When they move further from the horse's head they were not able to give cues to the horse and the tests failed. Having Mrs. Fonda away from Lady with Rhine in the middle showed that Rhine could easily override the influence provided by Mrs. Fonda

Rhine as the guide fails

So very true. And I have felt it myself. At first, felt it, but did not even realize that's what is happening. And then it came to a head as I started going through the process of writing the book. And at the time it felt - well, that's how it is supposed to be. Writing a book is not easy, so it should be hard. And when I took a break, and stopped all incoming input until processing had completed. Life slowed down and became a pleasure. All that is well and good - but the real question is how to balance being productive and enjoy the joys of leisure.

How does Sam know about this type of treatment in jail? Has he ben to jail? If so for what and how long?

Sam beats up his wife everytime she makes a mistake

In jail they beat the felons very badly and aggressively

Willie beats on his wife and that is why she does not attend dance practice

Sam has been to jail where the punishment is very similar to how they punish students

Though the form of punishment being discussed is completely Nuts, the circumstances under which they were performed on the individual of different races make the clear distinction and place forth the truth of inequality.

Why has same been to jail in the past ?

Hally has some internal conflict which is anger issues. while the others were talking about dances in the back of Hally's head he was thinking about why did his mom go his dad in the hospital and takes his anger out on willie on what his mother said to willie on the phone to tell Hally

Has Sam been to jail before? What did he go to jail for?

Willie beats on Hilda everytime she messes up the dance and Sam is trying to protect her

I didn't interpret " beating her up" as physically touching her. I interpreted it as bringing her down verbally. For example, yelling at her when she makes the mistakes, not abuse. But we are informed that she does get abused.

His head cupped in one hand makes me think that he is bored, and he is reading the comic book to keep himself busy

Sam seems bored. He reads comic books in order to pass the time

He seems very sad

This is probably why she doesn't show up to practice because he has been beating her.

imagery and Sam seems bored because there isn't business going on today looks like slow Monday

sam is talking to willie about his actions, willie knows he's in the wrong because the author/writer adds "reluctantly" as willie states how many times he hits her the writer also shows sams disapproval by adding"shaking his head". Sams seems to be the parent or the rational thinker in this relationship

Hinting at a bit of dreariness. Business is slow and the atmosphere seems kind of heavy

Shows a sense of dread as if business is slow and or that they're extremely bored since the worker has time to look over a comic book.

di bantaran sungai akan terjadi fenomena gaining stream (air tanah keluar kemudian mengisi sungai) atau disebut juga sebagai efluen dan losing stream (air sungai meresap ke dalam akuifer) atau disebut juga sebagai influen.

aktivitas sumur-sumur di bantaran sungai akan mengubah interaksi gaining stream dan losing stream tersebut.

Una estrategia podría ser acercarse más a los clientes, pero de otras formas, ya que hay que aprovechar la virtualidad, que llegó para quedarse. Ofrecerles más formas de comprar y hacer transacciones, al igual que comunicarse con la empresa.

.engineering

This is perhaps useful at times, although sometimes you really just want to get the code out quicker. So I think it depends. If the project is long-term, this is a good idea.

Cf Goudreau attempt in Venezuela

It's reasonable to imagine some correlation between R&D spending and number of employees in R&D, but not reasonable at all to assume talent is directly proportional to compensation. It could be proportional to the political savvy of the department head or the sociopathy (in the Gervais Principle sense) of the employee, and there's a huge amount of luck involved, not to mention any gender wage discrimination.

LOOK CLOSELY: how does Nancy Banister act as part of Meade’s argument for women’s higher education?

CALL A CRITIC: Rosemary Auchmuty, “The Woman Law Student and the Girls’ College Novel”

Although Maggie suggests that Priscilla is her closest friend since Annabel Lee, Nancy often seems to be the only person who can really understand what’s going on inside Maggie’s head—emotionally, at any rate. Without the great intellect of Maggie and Priscilla, Nancy’s greatest gift seems to be her sensitivity towards the emotions of others, paired with the strength of will to put her foot down when it comes to other people’s bad or dangerous behavior. By including Nancy as a major secondary character throughout A Sweet Girl Graduate—a novel meant to encourage young women’s enrollment in higher education—Meade arguably suggests that this emotional intelligence and unflappability are important skills for at least some women to possess in order to create a committed and honest society of learning.

In her discussion of how women’s college novel authors promoted new ideas for female education, critic Rosemary Auchmuty argues:

One way that the authors of women's college novels dealt with the challenge of presenting radical ideas in a framework of social and literary conventionality was to offer a range of central characters ‘who validate plural roles for women: the scholarship girl who will teach, the rich girl devoted to social work, the beauty who will marry.’ Readers could choose whether to identify with the poor, plain, unmarriageable girl from whose viewpoint the tale was told or with the beautiful, brilliant, rich fellow student whom she admired, who got a first and also a husband.<small>[20]</small>

In A Sweet Girl Graduate, the reader might identify with Priscilla (“the scholarship girl who will teach”) or Maggie (“the rich girl” and “the beauty who will marry”). But what if the reader is, like Nancy, not beautiful, not clever, and not particularly exciting when it comes to her financials? Well, then the reader might instead recognize their own value as a kind, good-natured, and unflappable friend.

The head has the same (im assuming sexual) allure as the body.

BACK TO THE USSR?

The Second Coming BY WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS

Turning and turning in the widening gyre<br> The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere<br> The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst<br> Are full of passionate intensity.

Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand.<br> The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out<br> When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert<br> A shape with lion body and the head of a man,<br> A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,<br> Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it<br> Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.<br> The darkness drops again; but now I know<br> That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,<br> And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,<br> Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

n/a Source: The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats (1989)

What rough beast?

Making the beast with two backs is a euphemistic metaphor for two persons engaged in sexual intercourse. It refers to the situation in which a couple—in the missionary position, woman on top, on their sides, kneeling, or standing—cling to each other as if a single creature, with their backs to the outside.

In English, the expression dates back to at least William Shakespeare's Othello (Act 1, Scene 1, ll. 126-127, c. 1601–1603):[1]

I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs.[2]

The earliest known occurrence of the phrase is in Rabelais's Gargantua and Pantagruel (c. 1532) as the phrase la bête à deux dos. Thomas Urquhart translated Gargantua and Pantagruel into English, which was published posthumously around 1693.[3]

In the vigour of his age he married Gargamelle, daughter to the King of the Parpaillons, a jolly pug, and well-mouthed wench. These two did oftentimes do the two-backed beast together, joyfully rubbing and frotting their bacon 'gainst one another.[4]

With the storm outside and this fire's bright Oh, and in your eyes I see what's on my mind You've got me wild, turned around inside Oh, and this desire, see, is creeping up heavy inside here I know you feel the same way as I do now Let's make this an evening We'll share some wine, maybe we'll get high

Oh, well, lay here with me Just for a night, just for this evening Oh, and we'll make our passionate pictures And maybe twist up a secret creature And away here And tomorrow go back to being friends

Go back to being friends, tonight let's be lovers Say oh, tonight let's be lovers Oh, and I see this, oh, share glasses And our tongues twist and sweat sings So deep into the core, we'll call it's over Oh make our juice, I'll make, I'll do Oh, with me, lay, I'll do lay down and with you And we rogue kiss and we wrote this

Oh, stay here with me Just for this night, just for an evening Oh, and together, oh, I don't know, well I think we choose well, come find this over And, we'll run away just for today Oh, then tomorrow it's back in life And we'll forget this as if a secret time were there And we'll wake up Oh, tomorrow go back to being friends

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sd_iMLsV5mE

sol yanak daha fazla beğeni kazandırıyor

HISTORY CHECK: the young women who “must” get formally educated

Aunt Raby’s “if they must” reflects the initial role of universities and higher education for women in Great Britain. In 1865, the Cambridge Local Examinations for education assessment opened to young women looking for employment as governesses or school teachers.<small>[10]</small> For the first time, these young women had a means of proving their qualifications to potential employers by producing their university certificate.<small>[11]</small> The opportunities for higher education beginning in 1869 offered young women looking to become educators an excellent route to gainful employment; the wages such a woman could expect as a governess or school teacher increased in direct relation to her amount of higher education.

Why do you think Priscilla “must” do a “hard thing” and head out into the world, as Aunt Raby suggests? What clues has Meade provided so far?

Outline, plan ahead, see the problem from afar before facing it head on.

Solutions to divided political landscape -- it can't be done head-on just by winning arguments through logic -- but instead will require community work, personal relationships, and educational policies

the author delves straight into the nitty gritty

awe walks

This is one of the first major instances I've seen where Zeus genuinely loves someone and makes sacrifices for them. Despite this love, he kidnaps her and took her away from her family. I wonder if in Zeus' head he thought he was doing a good deed

This is one indication of Dionysus being a trickster. In the Crash Course video in this Unit we see that this is a common trait of a trickster.

In my first draft, I remember how I talked about needing a break from my dorm which can be very active and noisy. It often feels cramped and so I would just head to O'Connell. So in the beginning, I had in mind that my project would be: the O'Connell room is a place to escape from life for just a moment and be at peace within its quiet walls. But as I wrote my whole essay, I saw that by the end, I went in a completely different direction. I found myself talking about being comforted by the fact that there are memories of people in the piano room. In a sense, I wasn't really alone because they all left an imprint on the room. During the revising process, I changed my introduction so it would allude to the fact that I felt alone instead of feeling tired. So when I ended up at my conclusion, I wouldn't feel alone, but "with others".

This descriptions shows the sheer size and strength of the Titans, and perfectly summarizes how overpowered they were. Its kind of like villains in superhero movies, who seem invincible but end up not being unbeatable

In my first draft, I apprehensive to explain my vulnerabilities which prevented me from emphasizing why this place is meaningful to me. I thought it would sound dumb, so I restricted myself from sharing these feelings and thoughts. As I revised my draft, I recognized that putting myself in a vulnerable position was essential to strengthen my paper.

We should not make others think in the same way we do. For examples, teachers can have a point of view to a certain message. But if she asks students to express their idea about the message and provide evidence "why" they think that way, it can help others to get more insight into the message as every person thinks differently. Media literacy is more of an opinion that we can add evidence to prove our point.

This entire section was an addition that was not included in my first draft. Here, I have an explanation where I tie in why my room is so important to me. It answers the "so what?" of it all. Adding this section about the pandemic causing me to lose trust in people, and seeing so much of my family in Grace and Anna helps emphasize the real importance of my room. In my first draft, I was really skeptical about writing about the pandemic. It has had such an impact on the past nine months of my life, but I wanted my paper to have a message other than my room just being the place where I do not have to wear a mask. But adding this paragraph about safety and trust with my roommates tied my paper together. It really shows why my room is my favorite place on campus, and why I can't get the feelings that it brings me in any other spot at BC.

I'm not sure if other people do this too, but this is a significant ritual that impacts the way I think about the space around me. This is such a token routine of mine, that I didn't even think twice about how it relates to the podcast when I originally did the assignment. Similar to above, I included this to make my piece more interesting and creative. I wanted it to reflect my thought process around this subject rather than be a boring and bullshit formal response.

In by "skins" is he referring to animal skins? Their only source of transportation was dog drawn sleds? What kind of dogs were these to endure such winters? Amazing how the natives were treated so poorly by colonizers and how nicely the natives care for them when they see them struggling even after how they have been treated

I can understand his sentiment, no reason to work on a farm when he has a better job else where that he already enjoys.

I am all for the descriptiveness of this paragraph. No comment on its place in the story, I just think it is well written.

Wow, it's amazing how this riled people up so much to the extent that they would physically like to see someone bloodied and beaten.

He fought an impressive amount with that kind of head injury.

1285 minutes in penalties is awesome and makes him seem even more badass

I think this is almost unfair. Richard literally got hit so hard there was a gash on his head. I would have fought too.

A part of me wonders if this riot on the ice had lead to a more regulated version of hockey that had more safety measures in effect.

Author Response:

This response corresponds to the essential revisions sent to the authors after review.

1) Further characterization and clarification are needed regarding the sensor properties. This is crucial for the potential users in the field to judge and use the sensor, and for interpretation of the biology results using the sensor.

We are grateful to the reviewers and editors to raise such important questions regarding the characterization of sensor properties. The feedback surely contributes to clarify important aspects of the sensor.

i) Clear statement in prominent places about the improvement of the sensor and new potential for its biologic applications separating from the authors' 2015 paper.

Previous enzyme-based biosensor designs, including the ChOx biosensor described in our publication on 2015 (Santos et al, 2015), were based on the differential coating of electrode sites with matrices containing or lacking ChOx. This modifications render the sites Ch- sensitive or insensitive, respectively. The latter have been termed “sentinel” sites, as they are designed to respond to any perturbation except to the analyte of interest (Ch in this case). By subtracting the sentinel from the Ch-measuring site, this approach has been useful to decrease the contribution of interferent signals, namely caused by electrochemical oxidation of electroactive compounds or by voltage fluctuations associated with LFP. However, cross- talk caused by H2O2 diffusion from enzyme-coated to sentinel sites poses important constraints on this design. The inter-site spacing required to avoid diffusional cross-talk leads, for example, to uncontrolled differences in the amplitude and phase of LFP across sites, compromising common-mode rejection.

In the current study, we have circumvented diffusional cross-talk-related limitations by implementing a novel sensing approach. Rather than changing the coating composition across recording sites, we have differentially modified their electrocatalytic properties towards H2O2, resulting in Ch-sensitive and pseudo-sentinel sites. As Ch responses depended solely on the intrinsic properties of the metal surface, we could dramatically reduce the size and increase the spatial density of recording sites by using tetrode configuration. Tetrodes, a bundle of four twisted wires glued together, are conventionally used for separating single neuron action potentials based on the spatial structure of their action potentials across wires. Here, the spatial structure of the electrochemical signal is created by electrochemical modification of wires. Importantly this design allows the unbiased measurement of ChOx activity and O2 in the same brain spot by using a tetrode site to directly measure the latter. This has not been possible to achieve with conventional enzyme-based biosensor designs, including our own previous stereotrode design.

We acknowledge that the improvements of the TACO sensor over our previous stereotrode design, published in 2015 (as well as other conventional enzyme-based biosensors in general), were not clearly emphasized in the manuscript. We added new paragraphs/sentences in the introduction and results of the revised manuscript (page 4 lines 10-16, page 5 lines 6-15 and page 6 line 8) highlighting the main difference between the two sensors and advantages of the new design for the unbiased measurement of the signals derived from ChOx activity (COA) and O2.

ii) Regarding the choline responses: characterizing the linearity of choline response is important for users to understand the sensor properties.

Responses to choline were highly linear within the concentration range tested (up to 30 μM). This information was added to Table 1 and mentioned in the text (page 7, line 18) of the revised manuscript.

Related, demonstration how to calibrate moving artificial signals in freely-moving rodents will be useful for the future applications.

Movement can cause electromagnetic or mechanical perturbations (movement artifacts) that are expected to scale with the impedance of individual recording sites. As the same applies for LFP-related currents, it is not trivial to discriminate both confounds. Nevertheless, our common-mode rejection approach, which is optimized by a frequency-domain correction of electrode impedances (please check Methods section, page 40, for detailed explanation), is designed to optimally remove both LFP- and movement-related artifacts.

In our freely-moving recordings we did not have prominent movement-related perturbations, probably due to the proximity of the head-stage to the sensor and the shielding effect of the grounded copper mesh that covers the implant. Nevertheless, candidate events likely caused by movement consisted in current deflections aligned to locomotion bouts, which were completely removed by common-mode rejection. In the revised manuscript we added the average raw traces triggered on locomotion bouts in Figure 2D, highlighting the usefulness of our method to remove putative movement-related artifacts in addition to LFP and other interferents. We have also added a brief mention to this issue in page 10, lines 32-35 and page 11, lines 1-2.

Further, since the COA signal is confounded by phasic O2 fluctuations, the authentic changes in COA are potentially interfered by O2-evoked enzymatic responses. The interpretation of the signal interference needs to be clearly discussed, including O2-evoked changes, and other related signaling changes, like DA.

The main focus of our study was to investigate the effect of physiological O2 fluctuations on the ChOx biosensor signal, which is given by the activity of immobilized ChOx, which we abbreviate as COA across the manuscript. In order to address this issue in an unbiased manner it is essential to clean artifacts that directly generate currents on the electrode surface (please see response to point 1vi for details). Our TACO sensor was designed to optimize the removal of such confounds, resulting in a clean COA signal. As this signal reflects the activity of immobilized enzyme, it is sensitive to changes in O2, not only Choline. Thus, the COA signal is not confounded, but rather modulated by changes in O2. Our main finding was that phasic O2 modulation of COA is a major confound of phasic Ch dynamics measurements using ChOx sensors in vivo in the brain. In this sense, the central tenet of the paper is that COA is not reflecting an authentic choline concentration dynamics, but rather a nonlinear function of Ch and O2 dynamics, with no feasible analytical approach to separate the two.

We recognize that, in the Methods section, the description of how the COA signal was computed could lead to confusion between authentic COA and authentic Ch measurement. In the revised manuscript we have changed the terms used in the signal cleaning procedure (page 40-41).

Regarding neurochemical confounds (e. g. ascorbate or dopamine and other monoamines), we acknowledge that the description of multichannel sensor properties in Table 1 could be confusing to readers. The table was also not conveying the important information on how sensitive is our COA measurement to these artifacts. In the revised manuscript we have removed the information about selectivity ratios for individual sites. Instead, the table section now called “Analytical properties for COA measurement” was expanded and now shows DA and AA sensitivities and selectivity ratios for the COA signal, computed from the difference between Au/Pt/m-PD and Au/m-PD sites.

Additionally, we added a column in the color plot in Figure 1E describing the relative responses of the COA measurement to the different factors. This addition highlights the high selectivity of the COA signal for Ch, as compared with individual sites.

Finally, we have detailed the interpretation of the freely-moving signals triggered on SWRs and locomotion bouts. In the Methods section of the revise manuscript (page 41, lines 4-11), we clarify how the differential signals COAnon-mPD and NCC (neurochemical confounds) presented in Figure 2 (revised version) were computed. In the description of these results, we also explain how the response patterns of raw and cleaned signals can be used to infer the contribution of different sorts of artifacts, including movement- and LFP-related and those caused by neurochemicals (page 10 lines 26-35, page 11 lines 1-5).

iii) The dimensions of the sensor head need to be specified and spelled out clearly. It seems to be around 50 um, but the text seems to suggest 150 um. The individual sensing elements are 17 um in diameter. If this is true, it is very exciting because it exhibits hemispherical diffusion yielding higher response and enhanced sensitivity. This may improve spatial and temporal resolution if this is in indeed a much smaller sensor as a disk-shaped one.

We thank the reviewers for referring to this point. It is an important detail that was not clearly stated in the manuscript. In the Methods section (page 34 of original manuscript), the description of the insertion of the tetrode inside a silica tube might have been misleading. In fact, the tetrode actually protrudes 1-2 cm out of the silica tube. This distance assures that the latter is not in contact with the brain in in vivo recordings. The cutting of the twisted ending of the tetrode results in four disc-shaped sensing elements with 17 μm diameter. The total diameter of the tetrode is approximately 60 μm. In the revised manuscript we have clarified and emphasized these details in the Methods section (page 36 lines 10, 15-16), in the results (page 6, lines 3-5) and with an additional cartoon in Figure 1A.

iv) The role of the sentinels with differential plating is very interesting, but the function of the sentinels is not clear (p. 4 "canceling LFP-related currents"). They consume oxygen. Why does this not result in overlap of the diffusion layer for the choline sensor and therefore affect choline response? Please explain why differential electroplating was employed.

We further clarified the role of the pseudo-sentinel sites on the removal of LFP-related currents and neurochemical artifacts and expanded the reasoning behind this approach. Please check the Introduction of the revised manuscript (page 4 lines 4-18, page 5 lines 6- 15).

When polarized at +0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the pseudo-sentinel channels display a residual activity towards electrochemical oxidation of H2O2. This electrochemical reaction generates O2, but the effect on the local O2 concentration is negligible due to the poor sensitivity and very small electrode surface area (17 μm diameter disc). We measured O2 (head-fixed mice and in vitro) by electrochemical reduction at -0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl at a pseudo-sentinel site (gold-plated without m-PD). In this case O2 is consumed, but at a very limited extent that does not affect the local O2 level in the sensor. In accordance with the expected lack of effect on O2 levels, we have confirmed that switching the applied potential on a gold-plated site between +0.6 V and -0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl has no effect on the COA signal. In the revised manuscript we added a supplementary figure (Figure S4) describing this observation. Accordingly, we extended the discussion of this topic in the results section (page 13, lines 17-18).

v). Please explain how time-dependent behavior of the sensor was measured. This process typically leads to the formation of a film on this electrode surface which can affect sensitivity. According the authors' 2015 paper, the method for measuring the response time seems rather crude, and may overestimate the response time which is related to the mixing of the solution. This needs to be discussed.

The sensor response times were estimated from the rise of the current in response to analyte additions in a stirred buffer solution, as described in the Methods section (page 40, lines 9-10 of revised manuscript). In the revised manuscript, we added a sentence to further clarify the use of this setup to estimate response times (page 37, line 29). Indeed, this setup is not the most appropriate to precisely determine response times due to the bias introduced by the analyte mixing time after its addition to the buffer. Our previous study (Santos et al, 2015) suggests however that the biggest contribution to the estimated response time is due to diffusion of Ch in the sensor coating. Besides the fact that we cannot precisely determine response times, it is noteworthy that real response times are faster than the values we report. This further highlights the high temporal resolution of the TACO sensor. We added a paragraph discussing this topic in the revised manuscript (page 7, lines 19-21).

vi). The effect of LFP and other perturbations of sensor responses need to be more clearly explained.

Two main types of artifacts affect the response of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors: electromagnetic or electrochemical sources that directly generate currents at the electrode surface and biochemical factors that affect the activity of the immobilized enzyme. The first group can be sub-divided into: a) artifacts that generate faradaic currents, arising from oxidation/reduction of electrochemically active molecules, such as ascorbate or dopamine; b) artifacts that change the charge distributions at the electrode surface, generating capacitive currents, which in the brain are mainly caused by local fluctuations in field potentials (LFP) generated by the transmemberane current sources of the surrounding neural tissue. Effectively, LFP causes potential changes at the electrode surface who’s voltage is clamped by the potentiostat circuit, giving rise to apparent current, similar to voltage clamp measurement of the intracellular current. The second group, consisting in biochemical artifacts, comprises mainly the effect of oxygen on enzymatic activity (although other factors such as temperature and pH might have a minor effect, as discussed in the manuscript, page 34, lines 16-20).

Importantly, the strategies devised to reduce artifacts that directly generate electrochemical currents (chemical surface modifications or common-mode rejection) do not control for factors influencing immobilized ChOx activity.

Since O2 interference was the main focus of the paper and is thoroughly described throughout the manuscript, in the Introduction of revised manuscript we extended the description of the factors directly generating currents on the electrode surface (page 4, lines 4-18).

2) Re-organization of the manuscript to improve the readability. This manuscript contains the characterization of the TACO sensor and application of this sensor to monitor real-time behavior in freely moving rodents. The design and characterization of the sensor is intermingled with the application of studying the choline biology with the sensor, making the logic flow hard to follow. The arrangement and presentation of the figures need to be improved so readers can appreciate both characterization and applications aspects and how they are tightly linked. This might also involves properly arrange main figures and associated supplementary figures.

We believe this suggestion stems from the expectation that we may have conveyed to the readers regarding the possibility of measuring authentic Ch dynamics in behaving animals with our TACO sensor. Indeed the TACO sensor design makes it ideally suited for the unbiased measurement of brain Ch dynamics based on ChOx, while controlling for O2 changes that might modulate immobilized enzyme activity. However, our data shows that phasic ChOx activity (COA) is dominated by O2 fluctuations in the brain of behaving animals. The complexity of the nonlinear interplay between COA and O2, which depends on multiple time-scale concentration dynamics of both enzyme substrates made it impossible to extract authentic Ch from the in vivo COA signal.

Following the logic of data presentation in our manuscript, the initial description of TACO sensor design and properties towards COA measurement was followed by its in vivo application in freely-moving and head-fixed rodents, which led to the discovery of the possible O2 confound. This, in turn, prompted the next in vivo experiments with causal manipulations to prove the hypothetical confound effect. Next, in vitro experiments were used for more systematic investigation of the details of the confound and its underlying causes guided by the prior in vivo observations. Finally, we used a detailed mathematical model to quantitatively uncover the mechanism of the oxygen confound of the choline-oxidase-based biosensor.

We think this logic of exposition is guiding the reader through our thought process and progresses consistently from the development of novel methodology to evaluation and identification of the confound, and then to unraveling the mechanism in vivo, in vitro and in the model. Reversing the order of presentation would break this logic and hurt the presentation of the story.

We would like to ask the editor for her consent not to follow the suggested major reorganization. Instead, we clarified the internal logic at the end of the introduction section (page 5, lines 16-23), as well as throughout exposition of the results. Morevover, throughout the revised manuscript we emphasize the focus of our study on phasic COA dynamics instead of putative Ch by replacing terms alluding to the latter by “COA”. Accordingly, we better articulated the motivation for assessing SWR- and locomotion-related signals in freely- moving animals (Figure 2) and the interpretation of these results to avoid a biased expectation of the reader that COA signals provide authentic Ch readout. The revised manuscript now provides an unbiased perspective on motivation and interpretation of the in vivo experiments (page 10 lines 19-22, page 11 lines 5-12). The bias of COA by O2 and the issues associated with derivation of authentic Ch dynamics from our measurements were also further explained in the discussion (page 34, lines 35-37). Along the same lines, we have trimmed Figure 2 in order to keep the focus of the paper on phasic dynamics of the COA signal. Namely, we moved panels B and C describing tonic COA dynamics in the original manuscript to a supplementary figure in the revised version (Figure S3).

Reviewer #1:

Santos and Sirota developed a novel Tetrode-based Amperometric ChOx (TACO) sensor. This multichannel configuration can simultaneously measure the ChOX activity (COA) and O2 in the same brain spot. Using the TACO sensor in freely-moving and head-fixed rodents, they found that COA and O2 dynamics following locomotion in active state and hippocampal sharp-wave/ripple (SWR) complexes during quiescence state. It's interesting that the COA signal can be calibrated by subtraction of the pseudo-sentinel from the Ch-sensing sites signal the TACO sensor. However, the COA signal is confounded by phasic O2 fluctuations, so, the authentic changes in COA are interfered by O2-evoked enzymatic responses. This question isn't addressed in this paper.

Major concerns:

1) The author found that the COA readout is confounded by phasic O2 fluctuations in in vitro and in vivo experiments. These results cast doubt on the validity of the authentic cholinergic response in freely-moving or head-fixed rodents. These findings seem to be generalized to other oxidase-based biosensors, although the author has some discussion on how to address this question. However, we can't get authentic cholinergic dynamic in vivo by TACO biosensor if we didn't clear the biosensor O2 dependence. So, the author should try to address this question.

2) The author should demonstrate how to calibrate moving artificial signals in freely-moving rodents.

3) Concerns on the selectivity. Figure 1E shows the TACO sensor also responses to dopamine and ascorbate. The author should demonstrate the selectivity of TACO sensor on different monoamines at different concentrations.

When you read something like this you can only image how times have changed since then.

This is extremely brutal.

Hockey never ceases to amaze me with how violent it can get.

I find the differences in the hockey uniforms from then until now pretty interesting.

you know I just realized that the race and physical space ie reservation land in this context is heavily racialized, that's how it's reinforced and notice too how the vague language of "head of family" is to make sure Natives adopt a nuclear patriarchal family unit model in order to farm according the article 6

https://multidimensional.link/static/audio/noise.m4a

“Only a biker knows why a dog sticks his head out of a car window.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有？牧童遥指杏花村。《清明》The Mourning Day by 杜牧 Dumu

asd

Question 1: How do I know if this program is for me?

As the year is almost coming to an end and you look at how it's going so far, there seem to be more downturn valleys in this years' journey than upward peaks.

Has this ride of crazy downs and further downs made you wonder:

"It's already close to the end of the year. What if I don't live up to my full potential?"

"What am I here to do? There must be something more than this!"

"How do I find answers to important life questions?"

"Can I still create a body and mind that I am happy with?"

Or,

"What if I don't achieve all my dreams and aspirations?"

And most frighteningly,

"How do I break out of old, rusty patterns that are no longer serving me?"

"What if this becomes a pattern and I don't improve my life not only this year but for the next 15 years?"

The thing is, challenges shouldn't scare you; they must motivate you!

Question 2: Why did I create a group program specifically for men?

There are so many group programs for women out there.

It's time for a program for men to awaken & do the inner work with authentic accountability.

An awakened man leads with love and integrity.

He has healed his masculine wounds and knows his true nature. He is profoundly present and in tune with his emotions. He is divine harmony with the Feminine. He lays down his ego and, with authentic masculine energy, demonstrates what it is like to return to love.

Question 3: Who is this program NOT for?

I want to be straight up with you.

My program is not for men who are only looking for significance and a status update. It's not for men who love comparing but hate relating.

Question 4: What do I accomplish after 8 weeks?

• Accomplishment #1: You'll no longer experience your head filled with disturbing and distracting noise.
• Accomplishment #2: You'll embrace your authenticity and unpack your gift. Step into your mission.
• Accomplishment #3: You'll feel a full charge of joy and motivation in your glorious journey back to self.
• Accomplishment #4: You'll find a new sense of belonging, purpose, and creativity.
• Accomplishment #5: You'll have a complete personal manifesto for navigating your life.
• Accomplishment #6: You'll find connection through a conscious group to continue your journey long after the program has ended.

This course is an excellent way to learn why your evolution is essential to the planet and the universe, especially right now.

You'll be able to:

Create a new sense of consciousness and inner well-being.

Be in more loving relationships because you'll feel and relate better.

Protect yourself and our world more effectively, Because you're able to care more, hold more compassion, and lead and inspire others.

Question 5: Who is this program for?

For men who desire:

A life of deeper meaning,

Alignment with inner truth,

Creative and regenerative solutions to challenges,

Confidence to listen to their hearts over their heads, and Use logical strategy in line with loving, compassionate wisdom.

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Everything I offer comes with a 14-Day Money-Back Guarantee.

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A crystal-clear mind(set),

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But, if, for some reason, the program isn't delivering for you,

let me know within two weeks, and I'll give you a full refund.

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Mentorship

Eliminate 90% of wasted time, sunk money, and frustration through trusted mentorship. I've "walked the walk" and will help you reach the goals you aim to achieve in your personal (and business) life.

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I urge all members to be accountable, both to themselves and others.

Each week, you'll report on the exact steps you're working on to grow your personal life (and business goals). Following that routine will help you stay accountable and on track.

Peer Support

Nothing creates more positive energy, momentum, and rapid results than surrounding yourself with other like-minded men.

In this community, you'll find men who share your commitment to creating a more remarkable and fulfilling life by delivering your message and gifts most authentically. You'll have around-the-clock access to an international group of like-minded peers.

Question 8: What is the time investment/ commitment?

I ask you to set aside a minimum of 8 hours per week for 8 weeks.

For only 1 hour per day, you can educate yourself by watching videos and learn profound skills and personal truths by completing exercises in the workbook.

Your commitment:

1 hour a week of 1:1 coaching call to stay on track,

1.5 hours a week for extra live Q&A's, and

2.5 - 3 hours bi-weekly for the Men's Group.

Souls who stayed pure-hearted in a world that's always giving them every reason not to.

Souls who want to make a plan and take charge of their life to understand themselves from the inside out and not become part of other people's plans.

It's for those enthusiastic, aspirational world-changers (like you).

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Men who are ready to embody their feminine energy and start working with her to invite "play" back into their lives and become creative again.

Men who want to make a positive impact on the world and collect beautiful memories.

9/2019 → 8/2020 NCS-FO: How Ecology Induces Cognition: Paleontology, Machine Learning, and Neuroscience: "About 385 million years ago, fish evolved into four-legged land animals. We have recently shown that just prior to this transition, eyes tripled in size and moved from the sides of the head to the top. Combined with computational visual ecology, these changes in eye size and position show that transitional animals viewed scenes through air while living in water--like crocodiles--and gained a million-fold increase in the space of visual awareness as a result. Unlike their purely aquatic predecessors, these animals were able to see further ahead and therefore plan before they had to act, providing a selective benefit to the animals that evolved the ability to plan. Concurrent work in comparative neurobiology has shown that brains increased in size and complexity during the ascendance of land animals. A useful gloss is that the pre-terrestrial brain is well suited to high speed responses to nearby sensory input, while the brains of birds and mammals are well suited to slow responses to distant sensory input, mediated by learning and an ability to imagine future scenarios and pick the best. We tend to think of nervous systems as the means by which an animal organizes its world, but this deep time perspective suggests that it is rather the world of an animal that organizes its brain. In this case, a particular change in evolutionary ecology favored cognition over reactivity. We propose to use a combination of a computational analysis of planning in predator-prey interactions and an empirical study of key circuits that enable animals to transition from the gapless relationship between sensation and reward in reactive environments to highly gapped relationship between sensation and reward in environments that favor planning. Our computational framework for this work will be partially observable Monte Carlo planning with reinforcement learning. The empirical framework will be in-vivo imaging of mammalian brains during simulated predator-prey interactions within a virtual reality apparatus, where the entropy of the virtual world is calibrated by the computational analysis. Through these efforts we will gain insight into the ecosystem-agent features that maximize the utility of planning. Resolving this to computational theory and biological mechanism will enable us to identify the characteristics of environments in which cognitive augmentation empowers new levels of performance, and what feedback needs to be delivered to achieve enhanced cognitive performance."

Neuroscience Needs Behavior (2017): Correcting a Reductionist Bias: "Thus, we advocate a more pluralistic notion of neuroscience when it comes to the brain-behavior relationship: behavioral work provides understanding, whereas neural interventions test causality."

When looking at my freewrite, I noticed I did not write concisely at all, probably because I was just jotting down my thoughts as they came to me, not caring about "good writing." When revising it, I cut out words and sentences unnecessary. For instance, I cut out the sentence: "I don't really want to be in First Year Writing Seminar right now." I feel like I showed that already and naming it didn't add much. Also I cut the sentence: "I'm not too worried though because the last Italian test wasn't too hard." Not only does the sentence not add anything special to the piece, but I also thought it would be more impactful to the story if I kept it as a worry that lingered in the back of my head. I then return to this thought at the start of my last paragraph by saying, "I'm no longer upset that last night's situation took away precious study time, and more in frustrated disbelief that I made that gluten mistake."

The power of the English seigneurs in Montreal, who many angry French believed to be modern economic descendants of New France's landowners that treated their farmers as serfs before the system was abolished in 1854. How Richard himself, the Rocket, was so much a part of Quebec society that he transcended even organized religion. Hockey's greatest player at that time was Richard, who in 1945 became the first to score 50 goals in a season. At the Boston Garden on March 13, 1955, bespectacled Bruins defender Hal Laycoe had another of his endless run-ins with Richard, leaving the Habs' star cut on the head after a high stick. A brawl ensued, and the Rocket broke his CCM stick over Laycoe's back. Montreal went nuts, both French and English, and with Detroit coming in for a St. Patrick's Day game at the Forum, revenge was on some fans' minds. Catherine, featuring overturned cars, smashed windows, a shot fired from somewhere and 137 arrests. And the Rocket, who always refused to align himself with a political party, would lead his teammates to five straight Stanley Cup victories until retiring in the spring of 1960 with 544 regular-season goals to his credit.

**GABRIELLA'S POSTING:

Hearing the laughter of the adults and children fill my ears. I’m different.

I’m colored.

Why can’t I be like the rest of the kids?

Is being colored bad?

My mind starts racing faster and faster.

I look around trying to find the only person that can give me my answers.

Nanny.

I waited and waited until the sun started to slowly rise down.

There my nanny was waiting for me.

I start to run up to her feeling relieved.

She smiled and asked about my day.

I ignored the question and quickly blurted it out: Are we different?

Nanny took my hand and walked us home answering all my questions that evening.

Nanny?

Yes child?

Why are we different?

As Nanny uncovers the truth different thoughts come raising through my mind. Are there more like me? Why did god choose me as the outcast?

So many questions pile through my head. I thanked nanny and went off to bed without any smile on my face. Looking back Nanny sees Janie’s sad face going off to bed. She could tell Janie isn’t happy with whom she is. A Black Woman. **

Invitation Response 2: A moment of Self Realization The feeling of being different from others, the feeling of not belonging with a group. The feeling of not understanding why I am so different from the others.Why must I feel this way? I may be different on the outside but my inside are just the same. I still carry feelings, emotions, flesh and blood. Why must I feel so different and so out of place. For years I did not know who I was? Why now? Why did I have to know? I was so happy and vibrant with life and now I question myself each and every day. How was I dumb enough to not know who I truly was. How was I unaware of who my true identity is? All these questions are building up in my head, I don’t know who I am, where I belong, and why must I change how I feel about myself. My mirror placed across from me and not once have I thought to glance at it, to look at myself in the mirror for once maybe I would’ve known my true identity sooner. Why did I have to be so different? Why do I have to feel so out of place? Why do I have to change who I am? The same questions race through my head as I look at myself in the mirror. Realizing your true identity may change you as a whole, being someone you had no idea you were changes your whole perspective. Janie in this context believed she was just like the rest of the group, white. Janie did not know who she really was until she saw a photograph of herself. Self realization of your own identity may change you. Self realization of who you really are is scary because it is new, just like Janie we’ve all had moments of self realization. Self realization pulls you away from who you thought you were. It helps you change and form into the person you want to become.

Invitation to Create #5: A Woman's Work Quote: “Come to yo’ Grandma, honey. Set in her lap lak yo’ use tuh. Yo’ Nanny wouldn’t harm a hair uh yo’ head. She don’t want nobody else to do it neither if she kin help it. Honey, de white man is de ruler of everything as fur as Ah been able tuh find out. Maybe it’s some place way off in de ocean where de black man is in power, but we don’t know nothin’ but what we see. So de white man throw down de load and tell de n---- man tuh pick it up. He pick it up because he have to, but he don’t tote it. He hand it to his womenfolks. De n---- woman is de mule uh de world so fur as Ah can see. Ah been prayin’ fuh it tuh be different wid you. Lawd, Lawd, Lawd!” (p. 14)

Nanny loves her granddaughter so much that she wants a better life for her than what she experienced. Women were not respected for taking care of the house, the family, and their husbands, plus they took care of other people’s homes and children, as well. Yet, these black women were not respected unless they were pretty. Then, they would be more desirable and would attract a more desirable man, one who has money and status. Only if the husband had money and status could his wife achieve respect and status in the community. Black women were slaves in their own homes, because of their black husband’s expectations. Back in those days, people were mean to single women, which is why they felt pressured to marry someone just to be getting married. In those days, women didn’t have the ability to get to know their future husbands before they married them. If they don’t know them well, there was a chance they would be miserable forlife. There was no divorce, so the women stayed in abusive marriages. Men could do whatever they wanted to do. Women were taught not to pursue an education, because men marry down and women marry up. Women were not supposed to be better educated and smarter than the man, because his ego could not take it. Women were taught to look pretty and do women’s work: cooking, cleaning, taking the children to school, while the men were the breadwinners and brought home the money. Women were unpaid, yet their work was just as important as men’s work. Men being thought of as superior was not a good basis for a lasting relationship. Equality worked better for a relationship. If both people are not happy, no one is happy. By belittling oneself and not showing who you are as a person, the people in the relationship cannot blossom, individually and as a couple. The great thing about the Women’s Rights Movement, 1848 - 1920, was it focused on women becoming leaders in the community. They were trained politically so they could fight for equal pay and equal rights. Susan B. Anthony said, “No self-respecting woman should wish or work for the success of a party that ignores her sex.” The pace of change was very slow, but every new generation of women picked up the slack and became more demanding and aggressive. They needed to be taken seriously. Getting the right to vote helped them play a greater role in society.

The man looks to the stars for answers. He looks back and tells her to put her head down to the ground. She looks at her hands, worn with time, As the bone almost sticks out Of her supple, thin skin. It seems as if only men can dream big, Because they are taught to dream big. Men try to reach for the impossible As women have to grasp on to what should be meant for them. Men have women’s lives all figured out. Men think that women should be so lucky That they don’t have to go out to work everyday. To be out in the workforce is a woman’s dream But men seem to think that it would be a nightmare. Every man seems to have a dream of getting rich And buying things that they can’t afford. Women have dreams of staying alive until after they are sixty, If they make it until then, And watching their children realize their dreams. After the children go off to college And continue on into adulthood The women get to finally relax In their thirty year old leather recliner With their nails done and a new hair do, Watching James Dean on screen. But, guess again, they are picking up the ashtrays Of the old retired men As they lay ash by ash Counting down the days they have left on earth. Little do they know that the wives are counting it, too.

What I think Janie’s hair represents to Joe in this quote is Janie’s beauty and what Joe doesn’t have but wants. I think this because as stated in the book Janie is said to have long curly hair and the men like Janie’s hair because it wasn’t common to see a black woman with a hair texture like that. Joe tends to get very jealous when he sees other men touching or commenting on Janie’s hair so he makes Janie put on a head rag to cover it up when she goes out. Janie’s hair also represents what Joe doesn’t have because Joe most likely is only with Janie because he likes her long hair and her beauty. Joe is seen later on mistreating Janie and constantly treating her like a servant to him. I think this represents what Joe wants because Joe wants to have Janie’s beauty and nice features because all he has is his money.

What I think Janie’s hair represents to her is her family's past and history. I think this because in the book it said that Janie’s grandmother (Nanny) was raped by her slave owner and because of this Janie’s mother had a different type of hair texture which was passed onto Janie. I'm not sure if Janie is proud of her hair or if she sees it as a burden that she carries with her because of her family's past and with the way Joe makes her hide it from people.

My thought on the trailer “Good Hair” by Chris Rock and the Oscar- nominated short film “Hair Love” is that I personally thought it was very strange how in “Good Hair” no wig shops wanted to take the hair that he was giving out because it was black people hair. One thing that surprised me was that one of the wig sellers was black and they said that they don’t want to take the wig because it's not in style to wear nappy hair which I thought made no sense. My thought on the short film “Hair Love” was that I thought it was really nice how the mother took the time to make hair tutorial videos for the father. I felt that I personally was able to relate to how the film portrayed her hair as being a monster because it was hard to tame and manage. I was able to relate to this because it’s difficult to manage my hair as well and I typically ask my mother to do my hair for me.

https://youtu.be/RbmCrugXx48

Dea janie,

Ah been imaginin’ quite a bit lately. Joe not turnin’ out to be de man Ah thought he’d be. When Ah closes mah eyes at night Ah gets dese visions of an old country road beamin’ from de risin’ sun. It peaceful dere, and Ah’m happy. Ah think tuh myself what my life could have been like if Ah had thought with my head and not my eager heart. Ah wishes Joe was different. Ah wishes Ah was different. Maybe if Ah had just thought things through when Ah first met Joe, things would have turned out differently.

Ah’m so tired. Ah’m still quite young, but so tired. Ah’m tired of fightin’. Ah’m tired of bein’ married tuh a man who gives me de bare minimum and still expects me tuh love him. Ah’m tired of only bein’ allowed to speak half my mind ‘cause Ah’m skeered of bein’ hit again.

Ah’m stuck and Ah don’t know what tuh do. It like Ah'm standin’ in de middle of an endless road with endless paths, but Ah can’t move. All Ah can do is stand dere and wait fo’ a truck tuh run me over. Or maybe the truck will stop fo’ me, and it will pick me up and take me far away.

Ah hope you are doin' well. Ah hope you are readin' dis letter in de near future with a better understandin' of yourself and de world around you. Promise me dat you won’t make de same mistakes and dat you will give it some thought before runnin' off to your next life.

With love, janie

Their Storm

“The wind came back with triple fury, and put out the light for the last time. They sat in company with the others in other shanties, their eyes straining against crude walls and their souls asking if He meant to measure their puny might against His. They seemed to be staring at the dark, but their eyes were watching God…”

His is a violent hand, thought Artemis, as the world below her fell under a wash of murky water. The earth trembled beneath Poseidon’s waves, which rippled violently under the frosted shine of Artemis’ moon─her patronage. She frowned, nails digging crescents into the soft flesh of her palms. It looked so cold now, she thought, raped of its tranquility; yet, here she lay, alone at forest's edge, inept to do anything but watch as another town fell wreckage to the Gods’ wrath… Thunder rolled on the darkened horizon, black, all except for the occasional flash of lightning. Zeus’ bolts speared clean through the night, rupturing the fine fabric of space; it frayed open at the wounds, humming with electricity. Then, the sky─the cavernous void that Mortals so often turned to in times of trouble─exploded in a flash of purple light. Artemis gathered the splintered sky in her upturned palms and eyed it curiously. Upon its glazed surface, she found the faces of stricken mortals. Stars mapped the tears traveled down their sunken cheeks. They huddled together in tight spaces, windows rattling against the ferocity of the wind. Their eyes, wild with panic, sought out a savior. Artemis stepped forward. Suddenly, the damp grass beneath her feet gave way to peeling wood, and she found herself face-to-face with those simpering mortals. She tilted her head curiously to the side. Two men and one woman. For a moment, Artemis thought they’d noticed her. She stood firmly in front of the door separating them from the Storm. However, they looked completely past her; their attention belonged to something far in the distance. She grimaced. She’d brought them a God, yet their eyes were watching no one at all. These mortals prayed to false idols. Wasn’t that the reason the Storm was brought upon them? To punish them for their ignorance, their blatant disrespect…! Artemis sought out the anger in her heart─she, the deity who slayed men with arrows, turned deplorables into feral beasts, and traitors into constellations─but, to her surprise, turned up empty. Her anger belonged to no mortal, rather Artemis’ eyes trailed upwards towards the sole bearer of her spite. She flinched with each clap of her father’s hand. His spiteful flames engulfed the surrounding woods. The sound pierced through the wind’s wailing, like an arrow slipped clean through the breast of her bow. It scared all game miles off. “Whut we gointuh do now?” The mortal woman cried out. Artemis turned. The older woman, in spite of her dark complexion, was pale as a sheet, as she stared out into the raging Storm. Her eyes were black as the night yonder. She was shaking, mouth hung slightly ajar. Fear melted the harsh lines from her face. In a moment’s time, she’d regressed ten years, no longer the older, elegant woman of a minute ago but a girl, just shy of seventeen. Artemis found her terror beguiling─almost familiar─and so she stepped forward, hand outreached, as if to comfort the woman. She opened her mouth to speak, but- “We got tuh walk,” the tall man cut in. He swaggered over to the black-eyed woman and took her hand in his own. Artemis’ face fell. She considered disemboweling the mortal for his blatant disregard, but the black-eyed woman begged his pardon with her pitiful expression. “In all dis weather, Tea Cake?” The black-eyed woman asked. “Ah don’t b’lieve Ah could make it out de quarters…” “Oh yeah you kin!” The tall man then proceeded to hurd the woman out of the clutches of shelter and into the Storm. Artemis, begrudgingly, followed suit.

Through the thick of the fog, a man stood proud, decorated in black velvet robes, with a crown of thorns braided carefully through his graying hair. A long train of men, women, and children formed at the base of his makeshift throne─a capsized tree trunk sunk low into the surrounding marshland. Artemis felt something akin to pity while they congregated. The mortals’ clothes looked completely soaked through, pressed flush against their pale, translucent skin. They could hardly speak through the chattering of their own teeth… She’d bargained that some had attempted to return home. (All looked in need of a hot bath and some fresh clothes.) However, they’d ought to have realized such was impossible now. Slowly, the crowned figure─Hades─led them out of the sunken town. Artemis watched them go: the funeral march. For a moment, the goddess thought she’d pinpointed Tea Cake, the tall, foolish man who’d dared to venture out into that violent Storm, among the deceased. However, she didn’t bother to confirm her suspicions. She simply waited, as Hades and his fallen mortals─drowned, crushed, or swept away─sunk low into the muddied earth. Gone forever. How foolish men were, Artemis thought, as she lay in a patch of drying marshland, the remains of the Storm a blight upon her mind. All of them, bullheaded, like her father. Their precious prides always superseded their desire for self-preservation, their empathy for others… As she waited for daybreak and for Apollo’s fiery chariot to ascend upon the sky, Artemis found her thoughts unconsciously wandering back towards the mortal couple─the black-eyed woman and the tall man, Tea Cake. The way the black-eyed woman had clung to the man, even as they chose to brave the cruelty of her father’s Storm─even as the rapids threatened to pull them both under, damning them to a restless eternity in Hades’ Underworld─made Artemis absolutely certain of one thing: that woman was in love with Tea Cake. Only love, and love alone, could make a woman so foolish as to match wits with a man.

This pretty much describes something similar for me:

• Capture an initial snippet of an idea, based on something I've read or heard somewhere.
• I might turn it over in my head a few times, re-read it, find a few links, do a bit more reading.
• Eventually I expand on it with my own thoughts, maybe breaking it up into separate (permanent) notes, with links to the original source.

This quote is significant to “ Martin “ or Justyce upbringing because he is a talented individual who is in love with a leach. He is in love with something toxic and Manny is trying to bring awareness to this issue by repeating the cycle of unstable relationship/friendship dynamics as they can be the downfall.

another fight?!

I think it is very important to establish some sort of structure when dividing the elective office. Understanding the natural rights of human beings is something that anybody who works within that office should continue to strive as it is their duty to secure those rights that we rightfully obtain, having this hierarchy within power is very much effective.

Possibly showing regrets here for being so tunnel visioned on their own path and not seeing the struggles of the world around them.

Describing daily life during the pandemic. How its unsafe to do anything

the first time i read this exchange i had to sit and stare at it for a minute. what a witty man, Feste is. what a brave soul, too. He indirectly insulted the lady but still managed to leave with his head on his shoulders.

This should've shown Santa Anna that he wasn't going to win by scaring them, he was going to have to use his head and his army to fight the Texans, with any hope of winning in the fight.

Important!

James Madison is opposed to allowing the states to produce their own currency due to this resulting in each state having a different currency. This would ultimately lead to a lack of unity within the country and not benefit the nation's economy as a whole but rather individually through each state.

This repetition of silence stood out to me, because it's fair to assume that Lincoln is dead, as he was just shot and even though it says he is "slumped in his chair," we know what really happened. There is definitely something interesting about having a dead character have lines written saying nothing. Booth may be silent because he is in shock, looking at what he has done, but Parks writes this in a way where the two are having a conversation. The dead Lincoln that is "slumped in his chair" is saying something to Booth that Booth cannot bring himself to respond to. I also want to note the choice that this could have just been a stage direction (Booth stands in silence) but because Parks wrote it as an exchange of dialogue, it becomes more intriguing ti the reader, while most likely over the audiences head.

Filipina domestic workers leave the Philippines, a periphery nation, and head to the global cities of the core nations

The gift was Medusa’s head

picturing this in my head this would make one good action scene mainly because it is so vivid in a way

A pun to the eye?

He saying that with a higher education he now questions himself a lot more and feels like he now cant make a simple decisions anymore

The author presents the big question to help the audience think about what he is saying and deeply looking toward the answer for the problem. He also indicates his experience to help people understand and feel that they are not alone. The word "dangerous" might affect the audience emotionally since it portrays an image of something people do not want to see. By sharing his personal thought, he also foreshadows the answer to his problem that people should focus on the current instead of trying to overthink too much that gradually lost in their own thoughts.

Wallace’s suicide serves as evidence that he wasn’t even able to live day in and day out with the mindset he proposes.

He intentionally uses first and second person points of view to address not only his audience but also himself–is ironic and haunting in light of his suicide.

Major shock value. Also, if this speech were given today, I don't think this portion would be received very well. The kairos appeal would not be there.

Continuing to refer to himself, especially when he discusses shortcomings or struggles, so that his message is communicated and shared, but not shoved down the audience's throat. It would be difficult to expect a positive reception if he were to say many of these things directly to the audience without connecting it to himself.

The word byzantine sounds familiar from past classes that I have taken, but I am unable to form a real definition in my head. Now after looking it up, I see it has a meaning that is totally separate from the Byzantine Empire. LOL. The definition is "(of a system or situation) excessively complicated, and typically involving a great deal of administrative detail."

! I think this really hits the nail on the head. Capitalism is used as a justification for why things are not fair and equal, when really the system was created to give individuals economic freedom and a fair chance. It is crazy how far it has spread from its true message and morphed into many different systems that ultimately are reflect the morals of a country's leadership.

This manuscript is in revision at eLife

The decision letter after peer review, sent to the authors on December 4 2020, follows.

Summary

This study combines high resolution imaging experiments with mechanical modeling to elucidate the energetics of flagellar propulsion and understand the role of internal dissipation in this system. The experiments use mouse sperm cells that are chemically tethered to a glass slip. For each cell, the flagellum shape is imaged over time and segmented into a mathematical curve. This data is analyzed based on a planar Kirckhoff rod model that includes hydrodynamic drag forces (based on resistive force theory), bending elasticity, and an unknown active moment density. An energy balance is written that also includes internal viscous dissipation generated inside the flagellum, with an ad hoc internal friction coefficient. By calculating the various terms in the energy balance based on the reconstructed filament shapes, the authors are able to estimate the active power density along the flagellum. This calculation leads to two unexpected findings: (1) the authors find that the active power density can be negative along some portions of the flagellum, meaning that along these portions the dynein motors act against the local deformation of the structure, and (2) the main origin of dissipation in the system comes from internal dissipation, which exceeds viscous dissipation in the fluid in magnitude.

Essential Revisions

1) It is not completely clear from the manuscript what the configuration of the sperm is with respect to the glass slide where the head is tethered. What is the orientation of the cells with respect to the slide, and in which plane are the deformations measured? (from above or from the side?) We would expect that different configurations may lead to slightly different waveforms. In particular, we are surprised that the mean shapes shown in figure 2(a) have a net asymmetry which is observed in nearly all the cells: could this have to do with the relative configuration of the flagellum with respect to the surface?

2) The experiments are done with flagella very near a no-slip surface, since the cells are chemically adhered to the chamber boundary. Yet, the authors use resistive force theory for filaments in free space, without any reference to the nearby no-slip surface. As the rate of energy dissipation near the surface will be considerably larger than estimated by RFT, it is possible that some (or much, or perhaps all) of the additional dissipation found by the authors is actually within the fluid and simply not accounted for by RFT. Thus, all of the calculations must be redone with the appropriate Blake tensor for stokeslets near a no-slip wall before the results can be considered definitive. The paper must also more carefully illustrate and quantify the proximity of the flagella to the surface in order to make these calculations precise. Absent this analysis, the claims of the paper do not stand up to scrutiny.

A related point is the need to understand the effect of tethering the cell on its kinematics and energetics? In other words, do the conclusions still hold for freely swimming cells?

3) Is there any evidence of 3D dynamics? Some recent experiments with human sperm have suggested that sperm beats can take place in 3D (Gadelha et al., Science Advances 2020). As the model in the paper is 2D, this could also affect the energy balance.

4) The authors should examine the work of K.E. Machin ["The control and synchronization of flagellar movement", Proc. Roy. Soc. B 158, 88 (1963)], which provided the first theoretical formalism to study active moment generation within beating flagella based on examining the difference between known force contributions from viscous dissipation and elastic bending. It seems that this same kind of analysis could be done here to identify directly the non-viscous contribution, rather than having to postulate a particular form.

Stated another way: Why not try to estimate the active power density directly from the active moment density, which could be calculated from the moment balance of equation (4) where all the other terms are known? This would provide a direct estimate of the active power. The force balance could then be used to estimate the internal friction, which would then no longer rely on an assumed value for the internal friction coefficient. In fact, this could be used to obtain an estimate for that coefficient.

5) The paper addresses in detail the use of Chebyshev fitting methods for the filaments, but does not appear to address the physical boundary conditions one would expect on elastic objects (particularly at the free end), involving the vanishing of moments and forces. Unlike, for example, the biharmonic eigenfunctions of simple elastic filament dynamics which are tailored to those boundary conditions [see, e.g. Goldstein, Powers, Wiggins, PRL 80, 5232 (1998)], it is not clear how the Chebyshev functions satisfy those conditions. Some explanation is needed.

6) If indeed internal dissipation dominates, that would suggest that essentially all prior theoretical approaches to calculating sperm waveforms must be quantitatively in error by very large factors. It would be very appropriate for the authors to examine some of those theoretical works to determine if this is the case.

7) The authors note in the Discussion that the beating waveform changes dramatically in fluid with higher viscosity. Yet, if external dissipation plays such a small role how can this be rationalized?

«nous considérons le code comme un langage nous ne pourrons pas pour autant considérer qu’il s’agit du même type de langage que les langages verbaux dits "naturels".»

• Guillaume Sire, « Ce que coder veut dire : y a-t-il un langage de programmation ? »

Nos langages dits naturels pollueraient donc notre capacité à coder.